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Making Sense of the Everyday Women Rugby Player By MAKING SENSE OF THE EVERYDAY WOMEN RUGBY PLAYER BY KATERINA TOVIA A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Victoria University of Wellington (2014) ABSTRACT This thesis examines the cultural and social significance of women’s rugby. It attempts to make sense of the experience of the everyday women rugby player at a grass roots level and is an area that has received limited attention in sociology. The purpose of this thesis was to document, explore and reflect upon personal stories and experiences of women rugby players by using qualitative research methods. The participants in the research were 12 women rugby players from different rugby clubs. They were arranged in small focus groups that ran over a period of four weeks where personal stories and experiences were shared and critical reflection of the narratives took place. Common themes identified throughout the research process included the current structure and organisation of women’s rugby that still results in women’s rugby being less valued on and off the field. The stories and experiences revealed the fine line that woman rugby players tread as they try to manage the tension of playing to the ideal image of a rugby player on the field and maintaining their femininity after the game. The findings suggest that the pleasures of rugby found in physicality, roughness, drinking, and associated with masculine culture, are equally pleasurable for these women rugby players. These findings provided insights into the lived experiences of the everyday women’s rugby player at a grass root level. They also suggest that the various experiences of women rugby players, both positive and negative, need to be recognised so that women can be better valued as rugby players rather than as women who just play rugby. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my thanks and gratitude to the participants of this research for the thrilling, interesting and entertaining stories and experiences you have shared. Furthermore, for the continued interest and introducing me to different aspects to women’s rugby as well as the support through this research project. Your commitment to women’s rugby is what drives me to finally finish what I started. Also, I thank my supervisor Allison Kirkman for the useful comments and getting me to think about those that do not follow rugby. Thank you for keeping me grounded and engaging in my learning process for this masters thesis. I would like to thank my loved ones, who have put up with my postie notes all around the house and heated discussions about women’s rugby every weekend and keeping me engaged in my research. I am very grateful for the overall support from my workplace that have been flexible and allowed me to take the necessary time out to complete my research. Without this support, it would not have been possible to write this thesis. Thank you Table of Contents PREFACE Abstract Acknowledgements Contents CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 The research question ....................................................................................................................... 1 The significance of women’s rugby in New Zealand ...................................................................... 2 Rugby and New Zealand rugby ....................................................................................................... 3 The reflective self ............................................................................................................................ 6 Theoretical framework ..................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter outline ................................................................................................................................. 9 The images and experiences of rugby Rituals: part and parcel of rugby Sexuality and perception of women rugby players Impact on the everyday women rugby player Conclusion CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................. 11 Rugby and masculinity ................................................................................................................... 11 A shift for women in sports ........................................................................................................... 15 Multiple roles .................................................................................................................................. 16 Rugby, gender and sexuality .......................................................................................................... 18 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................. 20 Insider research ............................................................................................................................... 21 Data collection ............................................................................................................................... 23 Criteria for the selection of participants.......................................................................................... 23 The final makeup of the focus groups ............................................................................................ 28 Data analysis .................................................................................................................................. 30 Qualitative analysis ........................................................................................................................ 32 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 33 CHAPTER 4: THE IMAGES AND EXPERIENCES ............................................................... 35 Why get involved in the first place? ............................................................................................... 38 Getting into rugby ........................................................................................................................... 41 “Making no apology for loving the game of rugby” ....................................................................... 48 CHAPTER 5: FINDING OUT ABOUT THE EVERYDAY WOMEN RUGBY PLAYER .. 55 Rituals: part and parcel of rugby .................................................................................................... 55 Clubrooms (club house) .................................................................................................................. 56 Everyday routine and rituals ........................................................................................................... 65 Sexuality and perception of women rugby players ........................................................................ 69 Impact on the everyday women rugby player ................................................................................. 92 It’s my passion ................................................................................................................................ 92 The physical impact ........................................................................................................................ 94 The cultural impact ......................................................................................................................... 97 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION................................................................................................... 103 Implications and limitations of the research ................................................................................. 109 Future research .............................................................................................................................. 112 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................. 114 Appendix A – Information sheet & consent form ........................................................................ 115 Appendix B – Focus group questions ........................................................................................... 119 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................... 121 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Rugby is fundamentally coded as masculine. It depicts the masculine virtues of physicality, competitiveness and ingenuity that are tied back to frontier values. Femininity conjures up qualities of cooperativeness, emotional responses, gentleness, passivity, all attributes that are not ideal in a game of rugby (Crawley,Foley & Shehan, 2008). To date, rugby is still a patriarchal domain that represents the values and elements of male culture, those of roughness, physicality and other masculine attributes on and off the field. Because of the gendered nature of rugby women’s involvement in the game is worthy of close examination and analysis. Research on the involvement of women in rugby has largely been undertaken by physical educationalists or health specialists who have focussed on the physical aspects rather than the social aspects of this involvement, or those who theorise in sports who have failed to recognise that not all women share the same voice or stories when challenging the
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