Active Packaging Industry Leaflet Authors

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Active Packaging Industry Leaflet Authors ACTIVE PACKAGING INDUSTRY LEAFLET AUTHORS Adriane Cherpinski Correa IATA, Spain Anouk Dantuma KCPK, The Netherlands Filomena Silva University of Zaragoza, Portugal Idalina Gonçalves University of Aveiro, Portugal Linda Vecbiskena Latvian State institute for Wood Chemistry, Latvia Marc Delgado-Aguilar University of Girona, Spain Marit Kvalvåg Pettersen Nofima, Norway Nathalie Lavoine NC State University, Dept. Of Forest Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources, United States EDITORS Patrycja Sumińska Anouk Dantuma ZUT-CBIMO, Poland KCPK, The Netherlands Steve Brabbs Sanne Tiekstra DuPont, Luxembourg Bumaga, The Netherlands 1 Traditional packaging materials such as plastics, glass and cardboard are designed to be as inert as possible. Modern packaging strategies however, seek to promote an additional active role to assist in maintaining the product’s quality. Such packaging concepts are called active packaging. They are deliberately made to contain substances that interact with the atmosphere inside the packaging or the packaged product. In other words, active packaging concepts are used to actively extend the shelf-life of a wide array of products, varying from cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, electronics and construction materials to fresh products such as cut flowers, fruits, vegetables, fish and meat. In this leaflet, you will find an overview of active packaging technologies, its uses and benefits as well as the ways in which it can be integrated in packaging. 2 3 The term active packaging does not Emitters or releasers are active Adaptors form a third category of active refer to a single technology, but to a packaging technologies that release packaging technologies. These solutions wide variety of technologies that tackle substances (i.e. ethanol, CO2, moisture, do not absorb or release substances but various specific challenges in different antioxidants, flavours, colouring cause desirable chemical or biological ways. However, a general distinction can agents, etc.) into the packaging and changes in the packed product and/ be made between three types of active can be used for different reasons. An or in the microbial life present in the packaging technologies. important application is to compensate packed product or the packaging’s inner for the absorption of components atmosphere. For example: a packaging Scavengers, also known as absorbers, into the food or the loss of substances material that reduces the growth of are active packaging technologies via migration thereof through the micro-organisms through the reactive that absorb substances from the packaging material. Release-agents compounds that are immobilized (fixed) packaging’s inner atmosphere or from are typically encapsulated in order to on the material surface. Because the or the packed product, and are the most achieve a controlled or triggered release active substances are immobilized, they commonly used type of active packaging of the released substances. Different do not migrate into the atmosphere. technology. Especially moisture and encapsulation materials can be used. This means that they have a long-lasting oxygen scavengers are frequently used, The effects of emitters wear off over effect but only function when in contact since oxygen and moisture both are time. with the product. often involved in deteriorative reactions and are important causes of quality loss and degradation in (food) products Scavengers and organic compounds. Common examples are sachets with silica gel. Oxygen These moisture scavenger sachets are Moisture Ethylene already part of our everyday life, as they are usually found inside boxes of electronic products or bags for clothing items. Most scavengers absorb a specific substance, but some only absorb a substance above a certain threshold; Potassium chloride, for example, Biological Moisture absorbs water vapour only above 87% relative humidity. These types of Adaptors Emitters scavengers are also known as regulators. Chemical Nutrients 4 5 All active packaging concepts have handling, which means that although To start with the product and its reasons bread dry out too fast, and removal of one thing in common: they interact a technology might tackle the right and mechanisms of quality loss, it is too high quantities of gases can cause with the packaged product and/or the cause of quality loss, it might still not important to know what determines the packaging to deform or tear due atmosphere inside the packaging in deliver the desired results when it is not the shelf-life of the product. The shelf- to pressure differences. Therefore, it is order to prevent quality loss and prolong correctly processed or handled or stored life of a product depends on the various important to know exactly how much shelf life. As you already learned in for too long. This means that to find an intrinsic properties of the product, of a substance should be absorbed or the previous section, different types active packaging technology that works which include pH, nutritive value, released in which timeframe, in order of active packaging work in different well for your application, it is important the natural presence or absence of to determine the type and quantity of ways and tackle different causes of to thoroughly understand your product antimicrobial agents, breathability and the active packaging technology that is quality loss. In addition thereto, every and how it is produced and processed as biological structure, and of external suitable for the specific application. technology has its own requirements well as the causes and mechanisms of factors such as the length of the supply regarding processing, storage and quality loss for each specific situation. chain and storage conditions such as Knowledge of the value chain of the temperature, relative humidity and product is also important. Especially the air composition. These factors will the processing and handling of the determine the chemical, biochemical, packaging material and the length of physical and microbiological spoilage of the value chain are of relevance. Some products, and thus also the shelf-life of active materials are volatile, and are the product. Depending on the spoilage thus not suitable to be exposed to mechanism(s) of the product, a specific high temperatures. Using such active type of active packaging technology can packaging technologies for (food) be selected that will be beneficial to the products that are heated for e.g. specific product. preservation reasons would thus not make sense. The length of the intended In addition thereto, one should also lifespan of the product is also important, consider the strength of the effect of the as the duration of packaging activity specific active packaging technology. should be adapted to that. This is important because in some cases, when the active technology absorbs The table on the following pages or releases too much of a certain provides an extensive overview of substance, the active technology can various active packaging technologies, actually have adverse effects on the their technical composition, action lifespan of the packaged product. For mode and application areas. example, absorbing too much moisture from bread packaging can make the 6 7 TECHNOLOGY TECHNICAL COMPOSITION ACTION MODE APPLICATION AREAS Oxygen absorbers reduce the oxygen level in the packaging, Cheese, bread, bakery goods, nuts, milk powder, coffee, tea, Oxygen absorbers can be based on oxidation of iron, ascorbic acid, photosensitive oxidation, thereby preventing oxidation reactions and growth of aerobe beans, grains, pasta, meat, fish, drinks, ready-made meals, Oxygen enzymatic oxidation (i.e. glucose oxidation), unsaturated fatty acids, rice extract or yeast bacteria and fungi. Also prevents discoloration of fresh meat spices, soups & sauces, products containing vitamins A, C and/or scavengers immobilized on a solid substrate. and keeps out pests in for example museum environments. E, artwork conservation (musea) CO2 absorbers can be based on calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, Removal of CO2 from the packaging prevents rupturing of Meat, fish, poultry, beer, cheese, coffee, dough, flowers CO2 scavengers calcium oxide and silica gel. the packaging during storage due to CO2 build-up. Absorbing trays for meat, fish, poultry, bread, ready-made meals, Reduction of moisture level in the packaging reduces the Moisture absorbers can be based on glycerol, clay, silicon oxide, propylene glycol, polyacrylates and cut fruits and vegetables, blisters for powdered pharmaceutical Moisture growth of bacteria and fungi and prevents weakening of cellulose nanofibers. The most commonly used moisture absorbers are those based on silica gel. products, hardware products, metal goods, clothing items, scavengers paper-based packaging materials due to water uptake. electronics, artwork conservation (musea) Reduction of ethylene levels in the packaging slows down Import and export of fresh fruits and vegetables (especially Ethylene absorbers can be based on aluminium oxide and potassium permanganate, carbon or Ethylene the natural ripening process of fresh fruits, vegetables and apples, apricots, bananas, mangoes, cucumbers, tomatoes, zeolite. scavengers flowers. avocados, carrots, potatoes) but also cut vegetables, cut flowers SCAVENGERS (absorbing technologies) SCAVENGERS Slow down the growth of fungi and bacteria, thereby Ethanol is encapsulated in silicon dioxide to achieve a slow-release of ethanol vapour. Bread, dried fish products Ethanol
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