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Quaker Thought FRIENDS and Life OURNAL Today January 1992 Quaker Thought FRIENDS and Life OURNAL Today CIVILIAN PUBLIC SERVICE REVISITED Ecltor-ll•n•ger Among Friends Vinton Deming Aasocl.te EdHor Melissa Kay Elliott Art Director Barbara Benton A Stone of Hope Advertlalng ll•n•ger Catherine Frost Clrcul•tlon •nd Promotion hey were smoke jumpers, mental health workers, human guinea Nagendran Gulendran 'IYIM-ttlng Servlcea pigs, milk testers; many worked at menial, tedious jobs for long James Rice and Susan Jordhamo T hours at little pay. They lived in places named Patapsco, Byberry, Secre.. rl•l hrvlcea Royalston, Grove Creek, and Coshocton-often at great distance from Edward Sargent Bookkeeper families (and even greater distance from supporters of the war in nearby James Neveil communities). All shared a common bond: conscientious objection to Volunt..... Jane Burgess, Carol Eresian, Anders Hansen, fighting in World War II and a willingness to perform alternative service. Emily Conlon The current issue looks back half a century to those years of Civilian Bo•rd of ll•n•gera 1989-1992: Jennie Allen (Secretary), Richard Public Service. From its beginnings May 15, 1941, when the first CPS camp Eldridge (Assistant Clerk), Bernard Haviland, opened in Patapsco, Maryland, to its conclusion six years later, nearly Eric Larsen, Marcia Mason, Janet Norton, David Samuel, Carolyn Sprogell, Wilmer 12,000 men were involved in approximately 150 CPS camps or units. In his Tjossem, Alice Wiser overview article, Steve Cary, who at various times directed three CPS 1990- 1993: Clement Alexandre, Marguerite Clark, Leonard Kenworthy, Lee Neff, Mary camps, sees the whole CPS experience as "an extraordinary paradox." He Ellen Singsen 1991- 1994: Frank Bjornsgaard, Emily Conlon, describes CPS as "part zoo, part bureaucratic battleground, and part Nancy Cocks Culleton, Barbara Dinhofer, Sam school for pacifists." Legg (Clerk), Parry Jones, Richard Moses (Treasurer), Harry Scott, Larry Spears, Robert Friend Courtney Siceloff shares memories of his service at Laurel, Sutton, Carolyn Terrell Maryland. Leonard Kenworthy tells of the impact on individuals, the Honor•rr ll•n•gera Eleanor Stabler Clarke, Mildred Binns Young Society of Friends, and the world at large. Mary Ellen Singsen tells of an fRIENDS JOURNAL (ISSN 0016-1322) was oral history project within New York Yearly Meeting. Gladys Gray and established in 1955 as the successor to The Friend (1827-1955) and Friends lntelligencer Alice Miles recount the role of women during CPS years. Sometimes young (1844-1955). It is associated with the Religious Friends became married in the cause, as did Ed and Monette Thatcher. And Society of Friends, and is a member of the Associated Church Press. Jim Bristol reminds us that some said no to conscription altogether and ° FRIENDS JOURNAL is published monthly by went to prison-a very lonely witness in those years. For those in prison Friends Publishing Corporation, 1501 Cherry St., Philadelphia, PA 19102-1497. Telephone (215) and those in camps alike, there was often humor (as captured in our "CPS 241-7277. Accepted as second-class postage at lighter moments" in the Forum). Philadelphia, Pa. and additional mailing offices. For the CPS photographs in this issue, our special thanks are due to the o Subscriptions: one year $18, two years $34. Add $6 per year for postage to countries outside Swarthmore College Peace Collection and the American Friends Service the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. Individual copies $2 each. Committee archives; to Albert Keirn, who loaned us photos used in his • Information on and assistance with book, The CPS Story; and to the other Friends who searched their photo advertising is available on request. Appearance of any advertisement does not imply albums and shared their treasures. And our special thanks to our friend endorsement by FRIENDS JouRNAL. Leonard Kenworthy, who came up with the idea of this issue, spent o Postmaster: send address changes to FRIENDS JouRNAL, 1501 Cherry St., countless hours at typewriter and telephone, and served as good shepherd Philadelphia, PA 19102-1497 ~ throughout. o Copyright © 1992 by Friends Publishing As we look back upon the CPS experience, these words of Martin Luther Corporation. Reprints of articles available at nominal cost. Permission should be received King, Jr., come to mind: "We shall hew out of the mountain of despair, a before reprinting excerpts longer than 200 words. Available in microfilm from University stone of hope." May this many-faceted stone from an earlier era help us as Microfilms International. we continue to work for peace. PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER Moving? Let us update your subscription and address. An invitation: Our April1992 issue will celebrate the 75th anniversary of Write or call: the American Friends Service Committee. We invite letters that recount FRIENDS JoURNAL, 1501 Cherry St., personal memories of involvement with AFSC projects-national or Philadelphia, PA 19102-1497 international- to be collected in a special Forum in April. (Maximum (215) 241-7277; Fax (215) 568-1377 length, 300-500 words; deadline for receipt of letters, February 15.) 2 January 1992 FRIENDS JOURNAL January 1992 FRIENDS Volume 38, No. 1 JOURNAL Features Departments 8 Civilian Public Service Revisited 2 Among Friends Stephen G. Cary 4 Forum CPS was "part bureaucratic battleground, part school for pacifists." 5 VIewpoint 12 Most Would Do It Again 31 Reports Courtney Siceloff 32 Then and Now CPS provided direction at a critical juncture. 32 FCNLNotes 14 The Impact of CPS Leonard S. Kenworthy 34 Parents' Corner Many went on to become leaders among Friends. 36 News of Friends 18 Women and Friends CPS 38 Bulletin Board Gladys Gray Calendar They drew together and fit in where they could. 40 Arts 20 Conscription, Conscience, and 42 Books Resistance James Bristol 44 Resources Some COs chose prison rather than CPS. 45 Milestones 22 Looking Back at the CPS 46 ClassHied Experience Cover: Civilian Public Service men gather in their Mary Ellen Singsen bunkhouse. CPS Papers/ Swarthmore College Peace An oral history project at New York Yearly Meeting Collection 25 Our Wedding Day: A CPS Memoir Edward P . Thatcher CPS experiences often became part of love and marriage. 26 A Letter From El Salvador Henry Freeman Glimpses of life with a war-torn people. 28 Coconuts In the Netherlands Lynne Shivers International trainers in nonviolence examine cultural beliefs that can lead to conflict. tl . ~ "'~ '<: ~'<: FRIENDS JOURNAL January 1992 3 Left: The Remembered by many Passamaquoddy Indian Reservation Thanks for the interview with William in 1991. Stafford (FJ November 1991). Readers Below: Reunion new to his writings may want to know participants gather that his account of his CO experience in with a reservation World War II with Civilian Public Service member standing at (Down in My Heart, 1985) is available in left. libraries and bookstores, as are two volumes of poetry (A Scripture of Leaves, 1989, and Passwords, 1991). I have been enjoying his writing and public readings since the late 1960s. Christopher R. Jocius Aurora, Ill. I knew Bill Stafford in those early '40s years when we were in a FeHowship of Reconciliation group together in Lawrence, Kansas. We had three "sub­ divisions" : the Gushers (discussion), the Mushers (food-only mush, though), and the Hushers (meditation). The letters Bill wrote to us from that CPS camp in Magnolia, Arkansas, began our 50-year correspondence, which, as you can imagine, has been rich beyond measure. Thanks to FJ for introducing him so lovingly to many Friends. Ellen Paullin Newington, Conn. Tirile for inclusiveness I can't be comfortable about the letter in which a subscriber stated that women (feminists) had " removed" men from the of the new shingles and other simple often far more valuable than originally Bible. carpentry done by the campers had long anticipated. Seldom have the We need to recognize for how long since rotted or given way to new opportunities for service to others and women were included out of the Bible, structures, but, to our amazement, most the energy of young people been out of biblical and church history. Now everyone who was old enough could still combined in such an effective way. we know that women were priests, remember us and even call us by name. bishops, archbishops, and one pope Vivid memories of that summer camp Alfred J. Geiger (Joan). The new revisions now merely were everywhere, such as enlargements of Jacksonville, Fla. restore these omissions, which were old snapshots of the work camp hung in deliberately done by the patriarchs of the the tribal museum. Roman church. Women are finally being The reunion coincided with the annual In the swing included in the pronouns of the Bible. three-day Passamaquoddy Indian Celebration and was given several time The Friends Environmental Working Patricia Q. Smith slots during the festivities. A letter from Group of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, Pawcatuck, Conn. the camp director, Charles Hutton, who which has been exhorting Friends to was unable to attend, was read by a recycle, plant trees, promote renewable former tribal council chairperson to a energy, and become patterns, examples, Work camp reunion group of more than half the tribe (400 of good friends of the Earth, wants to persons) and was received with warm acknowledge and acclaim the work of The summer of 1991 marked the 38th appreciation. leaders of the movement, wherever and year since an AFSC work camp was held There must be thousands of other work whoever they may be, who have quietly on the Passamaquoddy Indian camp alumnae who would find, by been taking appropriate action. Individuals Reservation near Perry, Maine. After revisiting old stamping grounds-though and meetings are really in the swing. almost two years of researching addresses material help they rendered may have A number of meetings have been and planning by Isa Manard, nine of the long since disappeared-that there are planting trees and recycling.
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