January 1992 Quaker Thought FRIENDS and Life OURNAL Today

CIVILIAN PUBLIC SERVICE REVISITED Ecltor-ll•n•ger Among Friends Vinton Deming Aasocl.te EdHor Melissa Kay Elliott Art Director Barbara Benton A Stone of Hope Advertlalng ll•n•ger Catherine Frost Clrcul•tlon •nd Promotion hey were smoke jumpers, mental health workers, human guinea Nagendran Gulendran 'IYIM-ttlng Servlcea pigs, milk testers; many worked at menial, tedious jobs for long James Rice and Susan Jordhamo T hours at little pay. They lived in places named Patapsco, Byberry, Secre.. rl•l hrvlcea Royalston, Grove Creek, and Coshocton-often at great distance from Edward Sargent Bookkeeper families (and even greater distance from supporters of the war in nearby James Neveil communities). All shared a common bond: conscientious objection to Volunt..... Jane Burgess, Carol Eresian, Anders Hansen, fighting in World War II and a willingness to perform alternative service. Emily Conlon The current issue looks back half a century to those years of Civilian Bo•rd of ll•n•gera 1989-1992: Jennie Allen (Secretary), Richard Public Service. From its beginnings May 15, 1941, when the first CPS camp Eldridge (Assistant Clerk), Bernard Haviland, opened in Patapsco, Maryland, to its conclusion six years later, nearly Eric Larsen, Marcia Mason, Janet Norton, David Samuel, Carolyn Sprogell, Wilmer 12,000 men were involved in approximately 150 CPS camps or units. In his Tjossem, Alice Wiser overview article, Steve Cary, who at various times directed three CPS 1990- 1993: Clement Alexandre, Marguerite Clark, Leonard Kenworthy, Lee Neff, Mary camps, sees the whole CPS experience as "an extraordinary paradox." He Ellen Singsen 1991- 1994: Frank Bjornsgaard, Emily Conlon, describes CPS as "part zoo, part bureaucratic battleground, and part Nancy Cocks Culleton, Barbara Dinhofer, Sam school for pacifists." Legg (Clerk), Parry Jones, Richard Moses (Treasurer), Harry Scott, Larry Spears, Robert Friend Courtney Siceloff shares memories of his service at Laurel, Sutton, Carolyn Terrell Maryland. Leonard Kenworthy tells of the impact on individuals, the Honor•rr ll•n•gera Eleanor Stabler Clarke, Mildred Binns Young Society of Friends, and the world at large. Mary Ellen Singsen tells of an fRIENDS JOURNAL (ISSN 0016-1322) was oral history project within New York Yearly Meeting. Gladys Gray and established in 1955 as the successor to The Friend (1827-1955) and Friends lntelligencer Alice Miles recount the role of women during CPS years. Sometimes young (1844-1955). It is associated with the Religious Friends became married in the cause, as did Ed and Monette Thatcher. And Society of Friends, and is a member of the Associated Church Press. Jim Bristol reminds us that some said no to conscription altogether and ° FRIENDS JOURNAL is published monthly by went to prison-a very lonely witness in those years. For those in prison Friends Publishing Corporation, 1501 Cherry St., Philadelphia, PA 19102-1497. Telephone (215) and those in camps alike, there was often humor (as captured in our "CPS 241-7277. Accepted as second-class postage at lighter moments" in the Forum). Philadelphia, Pa. and additional mailing offices. For the CPS photographs in this issue, our special thanks are due to the o Subscriptions: one year $18, two years $34. Add $6 per year for postage to countries outside Swarthmore College Peace Collection and the American Friends Service the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. Individual copies $2 each. Committee archives; to Albert Keirn, who loaned us photos used in his • Information on and assistance with book, The CPS Story; and to the other Friends who searched their photo advertising is available on request. Appearance of any advertisement does not imply albums and shared their treasures. And our special thanks to our friend endorsement by FRIENDS JouRNAL. Leonard Kenworthy, who came up with the idea of this issue, spent o Postmaster: send address changes to FRIENDS JouRNAL, 1501 Cherry St., countless hours at typewriter and telephone, and served as good shepherd Philadelphia, PA 19102-1497 ~ throughout. o Copyright © 1992 by Friends Publishing As we look back upon the CPS experience, these words of Martin Luther Corporation. Reprints of articles available at nominal cost. Permission should be received King, Jr., come to mind: "We shall hew out of the mountain of despair, a before reprinting excerpts longer than 200 words. Available in microfilm from University stone of hope." May this many-faceted stone from an earlier era help us as Microfilms International. we continue to work for peace. PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER

Moving? Let us update your subscription and address. An invitation: Our April1992 issue will celebrate the 75th anniversary of Write or call: the American Friends Service Committee. We invite letters that recount FRIENDS JoURNAL, 1501 Cherry St., personal memories of involvement with AFSC projects-national or Philadelphia, PA 19102-1497 international- to be collected in a special Forum in April. (Maximum (215) 241-7277; Fax (215) 568-1377 length, 300-500 words; deadline for receipt of letters, February 15.)

2 January 1992 FRIENDS JOURNAL January 1992 FRIENDS Volume 38, No. 1 JOURNAL Features Departments 8 Civilian Public Service Revisited 2 Among Friends Stephen G. Cary 4 Forum CPS was "part bureaucratic battleground, part school for pacifists." 5 VIewpoint 12 Most Would Do It Again 31 Reports Courtney Siceloff 32 Then and Now CPS provided direction at a critical juncture. 32 FCNLNotes 14 The Impact of CPS Leonard S. Kenworthy 34 Parents' Corner Many went on to become leaders among Friends. 36 News of Friends 18 Women and Friends CPS 38 Bulletin Board Gladys Gray Calendar They drew together and fit in where they could. 40 Arts 20 Conscription, Conscience, and 42 Books Resistance James Bristol 44 Resources Some COs chose prison rather than CPS. 45 Milestones 22 Looking Back at the CPS 46 ClassHied Experience Cover: Civilian Public Service men gather in their Mary Ellen Singsen bunkhouse. CPS Papers/ Swarthmore College Peace An oral history project at New York Yearly Meeting Collection 25 Our Wedding Day: A CPS Memoir Edward P . Thatcher CPS experiences often became part of love and marriage. 26 A Letter From El Salvador Henry Freeman Glimpses of life with a war-torn people. 28 Coconuts In the Netherlands Lynne Shivers International trainers in nonviolence examine cultural beliefs that can lead to conflict. tl . ~ "'~ '<:

~'<:

FRIENDS JOURNAL January 1992 3 Left: The Remembered by many Passamaquoddy Indian Reservation Thanks for the interview with William in 1991. Stafford (FJ November 1991). Readers Below: Reunion new to his writings may want to know participants gather that his account of his CO experience in with a reservation World War II with Civilian Public Service member standing at (Down in My Heart, 1985) is available in left. libraries and bookstores, as are two volumes of poetry (A Scripture of Leaves, 1989, and Passwords, 1991). I have been enjoying his writing and public readings since the late 1960s.

Christopher R. Jocius Aurora, Ill. I knew Bill Stafford in those early '40s years when we were in a FeHowship of Reconciliation group together in Lawrence, Kansas. We had three "sub­ divisions" : the Gushers (discussion), the Mushers (food-only mush, though), and the Hushers (meditation). The letters Bill wrote to us from that CPS camp in Magnolia, Arkansas, began our 50-year correspondence, which, as you can imagine, has been rich beyond measure. Thanks to FJ for introducing him so lovingly to many Friends. Ellen Paullin Newington, Conn.

Tirile for inclusiveness I can't be comfortable about the letter in which a subscriber stated that women (feminists) had " removed" men from the of the new shingles and other simple often far more valuable than originally Bible. carpentry done by the campers had long anticipated. Seldom have the We need to recognize for how long since rotted or given way to new opportunities for service to others and women were included out of the Bible, structures, but, to our amazement, most the energy of young people been out of biblical and church history. Now everyone who was old enough could still combined in such an effective way. we know that women were priests, remember us and even call us by name. bishops, archbishops, and one pope Vivid memories of that summer camp Alfred J. Geiger (Joan). The new revisions now merely were everywhere, such as enlargements of Jacksonville, Fla. restore these omissions, which were old snapshots of the work camp hung in deliberately done by the patriarchs of the the tribal museum. Roman church. Women are finally being The reunion coincided with the annual In the swing included in the pronouns of the Bible. three-day Passamaquoddy Indian Celebration and was given several time The Friends Environmental Working Patricia Q. Smith slots during the festivities. A letter from Group of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, Pawcatuck, Conn. the camp director, Charles Hutton, who which has been exhorting Friends to was unable to attend, was read by a recycle, plant trees, promote renewable former tribal council chairperson to a energy, and become patterns, examples, Work camp reunion group of more than half the tribe (400 of good friends of the Earth, wants to persons) and was received with warm acknowledge and acclaim the work of The summer of 1991 marked the 38th appreciation. leaders of the movement, wherever and year since an AFSC work camp was held There must be thousands of other work whoever they may be, who have quietly on the Passamaquoddy Indian camp alumnae who would find, by been taking appropriate action. Individuals Reservation near Perry, Maine. After revisiting old stamping grounds-though and meetings are really in the swing. almost two years of researching addresses material help they rendered may have A number of meetings have been and planning by Isa Manard, nine of the long since disappeared-that there are planting trees and recycling. Philadelphia original group converged on the immeasurable intangible benefits to both Yearly Meeting uses recycled paper. The reservation for a reunion. By then most recipients and campers alike that are Friends Center in Philadelphia has

4 January 1992 FluENDS JOURNAL Viewpoint Waging Peace: A Gulf War Witness

hat shall Friends say to friends ed in thinking about the future. Many tion about the needs of hospitals, schools, and neighbors whose attention believe they will not survive into adulthood. and communities and how those in the W is captured by the glories of war, Over 200 children were interviewed. The States might help. compelled by the logic of might making children described in vivid detail what they • A program of sending children's draw­ right? How shall we console the victims of saw. Every night these children have gone ings, with the materials for Iraqi children the violence that is of our own making? to bed with the memories of the terrible to respond, is emerging. How can we transform our feelings of sounds, the ground shaking, and the pros­ • We are publishing a newsletter and ex­ betrayal, by our country's actions as pects of their whole family being buried in tracting it for the Peace Net computer destroyer of an entire society, into energiz­ the ruins of their house. bulletin board. ing a process of waging peace? It is the Iraqi women, with their ingenui­ • With the hope of raising public aware­ Those who would be peacemakers face ty and strength, who have always held the ness, we have created brief video public a unique challenge at this time. Never family together. War has destroyed their service announcements to solicit inquiries. before has there been a more graphic ex­ physical well-being through economic hard­ Respondents will receive the newsletter, ample of the horror, the immorality, the ship, reduced medical care, and an un­ other descriptive materials, and a request inadmissibility of war. Never before has healthy environment. It has also forced for a donation. there been such an imbalance of the tech­ upon them the roles and responsibilities • Some Friends schools have offered schol­ nology of weaponry, the vast discrepancy usually assumed by men. With astronom­ arships for Iraqi students. of the toll in human life, the tremendous ical prices caused by scarcity, their constant • Together with our yearly meeting, Euro­ price paid by a civilian population. Our preoccupation is how to feed their families. pean students from Quaker Peace and government has just conducted a war in The loss of loved ones and the trauma of Service (London), and Palestinian students which not only the military sector has been bombings and internal disturbances com­ from Ramallah Friends School, Friends totally destroyed and dismantled, but, to pound their psychological and emotional United Meeting is planning a work camp an unprecedented extent; its civilian sector stress. in the West Bank for young people aged has been as well. Americans seem to blindly accept the 18-21. Moreover, long after the shooting in Iraq idea that worthy ends can justify evil • We are participating in the campaign to has stopped, our government prolongs the means: we tolerate "collateral damage" ease nonmilitary sanctions on Iraq. war and the ravages of starvation and dis­ and other behavior which violates the stan­ ease and sub-human living conditions dards of ethics and morality that are our A government leader stated recently: through political and economic means and heritage. When faced with the general ac­ " The war against Iraq presages a type of prevents the reconstruction of the civilian ceptance of the evils of holding slaves, John war we are likely to confront again." As sector. In October 1991, the International Woolman's voice was lonely, yet persistent peacemakers we have been forewarned; Study Team on the Gulf Crisis published and gentle. How might Friends plead per­ may we now become forearmed with the an in-depth assessment, Health and Welfare sistently and gently with others to examine tools of Waging Peace. in Iraq After the Gulf Crisis. It reaffirms their feelings about the human suffering earlier studies and tells us that, unless Iraq wrought by our country? Can we not find Mary Arnett and quickly obtains food, medicine, and spare ways to reach out with love and understan­ Tom Truitt parts, millions of Iraqis will continue to ex­ ding to Iraqis and to those in all commun­ Philadelphia Yearly Meeting perience malnutrition and disease. Children ities oppressed by military and economic by the tens of thousands will remain in warfare? Individual Friends, monthly meetings, jeopardy. Thousands will die. After discussing such questions about the and schools from all parts of our yearly Assessments of terrible psychological Gulf crisis last March, Philadelphia Year­ meeting and beyond continue to respond trauma now begin to accompany the re­ ly Meeting approved a project to facilitate in a variety of ways. Ifthere are those who ports of physical damage. 1\vo child psy­ positive initiatives within monthly and wish to receive our newsletter and other chologists on the study team report levels quarterly meetings. This Waging Peace mailings, they may write Waging Peace, of anxiety and stress unprecedented in their project, now in its ninth month, has set in 1515 Cherry St., Philadelphia, PA 19102, experience. Many children will have serious motion a variety of initiatives: or call (215) 241-7232. We will be pleased problems for years to come; for some, they as well to hear what Friends in other areas will last a lifetime. They have no energy, • In cooperation with AFSC personnel in ofthe country are doing to relieve the great cannot concentrate, and are deeply disturb- Baghdad, we have been gathering informa- suffering. recently reworked its lighting system for are fulfilling some part of the Friends' that between 1989 and 1990 there has energy efficiency. Anne and Tom Moore testimony on simplicity. Cheers! been almost a 50 percent increase of of Valley Meeting, bless their hearts, are violence against gay and lesbian people in pioneering customers for a new breed of Ruth Miner major metropolitan areas of California. electric cars (to which "tall Tom's" plea Philadelphia, Pa. No statistics are kept locally, but last for head room has resulted in a custom­ March 7 a young man was killed in built design that will be a real Sacramento after he confronted three contribution to comfort). And the Harassment of gays people who harassed him. We have been FRIENDS JOURNAL is being printed on told that the Lambda Community Center, recycled paper. Some of us in Davis (Calif.) Meeting the gay community service center in These efforts and countless others have have a concern we wish to share with Sacramento, receives on average one added a new dimension to our lives and Friends more widely. We have discovered telephoned bomb threat or threat of

FRIENDS JOURNAL January 1992 5 Fon1m continued

personal violence every day. The center is and kindred spirits everywhere on behalf trying to keep track of the number of of our special friends, the Huet-Vaughns. incidents, but few are actually reported. Please send contributions to: Treasurer, Still, in the first six months, 13 incidents Penn Valley Meeting of Friends, 4405 CPS: were reported. At a meeting of the local Gillham Rd. , Kansas City, MO 64110, Gay Democratic Club all of the with a notation for the Huet-Vaughns. approximately 65 people present said they We also ask that you hold not only the had been subjected to violence, threats, Huet-Vaughn family in the Light but also Lighter or harassment at some time. all participants in her court-martial­ In Davis Meeting, during the first six prosecution and defense, judge and jury, weeks that our committee of concern along with the staff for Yolanda's met, one member was harassed three ongoing appeal. Moments times in Davis. She reported the first Jay W. Wright, clerk incident to the police, but they did not Penn Valley Meeting take her report seriously. She is afraid We asked several Friends for their that if she reports such incidents to the hum9rous memories of life in Civilian police the situation could become Peaceday Public Service camps. Here are their inflamed. responses. -Eds. We are led to seek that of God in Our nation's assumed glory from the everyone. Because the light of God is in Gulf War is greatly tarnished when we each person, we believe that everyone consider the high number of casualities should be cherished, protected, safe, and and great destruction inflicted on our free from harassment. opponents. The increasing deadliness of Just splendid We would like to know how other weapons increases the need for meetings have responded to violence international peace before some smaller In most CPS camps nearly all the against lesbian and gay people in their war escalates into a world war cooking was !ione by the campers. community. Please write to us so we may threatening an end to the human race. Hence the food was not always tasty. consider what you are doing and share Peacemakers must make greater efforts One morning at the Powellsville, Md., your ideas with others. to increase the popularity of the idea of camp, the chief item on the breakfast Maude White, clerk international peace. One Peace Day a menu was fried mush. It was really Davis Friends Meeting year isn't enough; we should have a miserable. That particular morning 345 L St. weekly Peace Day to be a more constant Douglas Steere, a professor of Davis, CA 95616 reminder of its importance. A Friday philosophy at Haverford College and a peace vigil in nearby Beverly Hills has well-known Quaker, was visiting the (We'd like to hear from Friends as well continued for at least 12 years. camp. One of the men turned to about this concern. -Eds.) Friday now is named for Fria, ancient Douglas and inquired how he liked the German goddess of love. The time has mush. In his usual upbeat manner, come to rename it "Peaceday." Douglas replied, "Splendid, splendid." From then on we never had fried Imprisoned doctor Clifford N. Merry mush at Powelsville. Instead we had Los Angeles, Calif. "fried splendid" ! Leonard Kenworthy, Penn Valley (Mo.) Meeting publicly Kennett Square, Pa. afftrms its support for Yolanda Huet­ Vaughn, a medical doctor who is an Art and poetry associate of our member Lydia Moore at the not-for-profit medical clinic they Thanks for the excellent choice of share in Kansas City. As a captain in the poems in the September issue. Not only The truth got out U.S. Army Reserves, Yolanda became were the poems excellent but the selection convinced of the gross immorality of the of pen and ink drawings you teamed up For several weeks in 1943 I conducted Gulf War and refused to serve. She with them. A beautiful job! I hope you a cooking school at the Powellsville, became an articulate and highly visible will continue to work art and poetry into Md., camp to train dietitians for the war resister on national TV and at the JOURNAL. various CPS camps. numerous peace functions. The army John Kriebel I found that at the meat market I chose to court-martial her as a deserter, Harrisburg, Pa. could get occasional bargains for almost and she has been sentenced to two and a nothing. The dishes we created half years in prison. sometimes could be very nutritious. Amnesty International has joined with FluENDs JoURNAL welcomes contribu­ Unfortunately, however, our plans Citizen Soldier in Yolanda's appeal tions from readers. We reserve the were once stymied by a camper who process, even as an effort is being made right to edit all letters. Submissions to discovered what we were doing and went by others to revoke her medical license in Forum should be no longer than 300 from one part of the camp to the other Kansas. Our meeting feels led to offer words. Submissions to Viewpoint asking the CPS men if they knew what what fmancial assistance we can to the should be limited to 1,000 words. Al­ they were being fed-CALYES Huet-Vaughn family. War's suffering though we would like to print all con­ BRAINS! never ceases with the formal cease-fire. tributions we receive, space is limited, Hal Cope We seek to make an appeal to the and we urge Friends to be succinct. Sandy Spring, Md. generosity of the wider circle of Friends

6 January 1992 FluENDs JoURNAL read. To which Corbett replied: "I Sober thoughts rather thought you would. I have just read a passage from Mein Kampf." One story comes to mind. It has to do with a memo sent out to camps by Paul Jim Bristol Furnas about drinking in Friends CPS Philadelphia, Pa. camps. There was a song written in re­ sponse to it, to the tune of "My Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean." It went like this: No shortcuts I spent three long years On a Sunday night two CPSers, in a Friends camp. returning to the Patapsco (Md.) camp, Of liquor I ne'er touched a drop. decided to take a shortcut that, without But one day along came a letter, their realizing it, brought them close to "CPS men, this drinking must stop!" an army installation. Suddenly, out of the darkness, an armed sentry rose up (chorus) and barked, "Who goes there?" The Who drinks? Who drinks? CPS man in the lead cried out, Who's got the bottle that goes !(! "D-don't shoot! I'm a conscientious "pop, pop"? \J objector!" Who drinks? Who drinks? A CPS guinea pig in Arkonsas tries a diet of Jim Bristol Perhaps he will save me a drop. dehydrated grass. Philadelphia, Pa. They say that all men are brothers, day he got hassled by some of the young And don't lead your brother astray. locals, one of whom challenged him to a Good responses But how can I buy liquor for others, wrestling match. The CPS man threw his When I only make eight cents a day? opponent across the room a couple of A CPSer went to a small rural grocery times and then asked the fellow, "Now store to get some supplies for his unit. (repeat chorus) do you believe that violence is not a Among his purchases was a large sack of Bob Lyon good way of changing people's minds?" beans. Turning to leave, he dropped the Weaverville, N.C. The man hollered back, "Heck, no!", beans. A moment later a local woman or words to that effect. The CPS man resident came in, noted his youth and then put on his coat and said, "That's vigor, and asked, "Young man, why are On the woodpile just my point," and he walked out. you not in the service?" Crouching and Then at Bedford, a Brethren camp, we reaching in all directions, the CPSer re­ My first day at Petersham, Mass., CPS went up and did work on the Blue Ridge plied, "Because I'm too busy picking up camp was a day I will never forget. I Parkway. One of our campers was a these darn beans!" was assigned to work with Steve Cary, Unitarian M.D. from Wichita, Kansas­ Another CPSer's duties included a who had been at camp several weeks. Wirt Warren. He was a little bit daily round of cow-milking at a large Our job for the day was to stack all bothered by the cold at night, so he put dairy farm. One morning an outsider the frrewood that had been dumped in a seven blankets on top of his cot. When came to the farm while he was milking a big pile. When the pile got up to six he wanted to turn over at night, he had cow in the barnyard. Observing the feet, Steve said I was to get up on top to get out of bed. youth's fine physical condition, the and he would throw the chunks of wood Ken /ves incredulous visitor walked up to him and up to me there, where I was to continue Chicago Ill. demanded, "Hey, fellah, why aren't you stacking it in a nice order. at the front?" "Because, sir," answered Well, the pile of wood was getting the CPSer patiently, "the milk doesn't higher and higher, and I had a difficult Unquestioning obedience come out at that end." job trying to keep up with Steve Don Irish throwing pieces up, to me. He threw one Corbett Bishop was a totally unortho­ Minneapolis, Minn. piece up, and it hit me in the leg. I said, dox CPSer. Eventually he walked out of (The Friendly Letter #103, 1989) "Hey, watch it, you just hit me." His CPS camp and became a thorn in the answer was, "Get with it, recruit! Get flesh of the Bureau of Prisons (finally with it, recruit!" released absolutely unconditionally). The light began to dawn Hal Cope Colonel Kosch, in charge of all CPS Sandy Spring, Md. camps for the Selective Service System, One afternoon during World War II, a and another government official were local dignitary visited a Quaker CPS inspecting Corbett's camp. Corbett rose camp, and watched the men at work on Pinned at meal time and requested permission to an irrigation ditch. After a while he read something to all present. What he turned to the camp director and said, The one story I remember came from read stressed that it was imperative to •• Are these men really conscientious the Coshocton camp in Ohio. (I wasn't give unquestioning obedience to the objectors? They look perfectly normal to there, but I heard tell of it.) One of the state. He then asked for Colonel Kosch's me." CPS men there was a professional reaction, and the colonel said he The Friendly Letter wrestler. When he went into town one certainly agreed with what Corbett had #83, 1988

FluENDS JOURNAL January 1992 7 Civilian Public Service Revisited by Stephen G. Cary

8 January 1992 FRIENDS JoURNAL xactly half a century ago, in the live together for years in isolated and months immediately preceding From one point of restricted circumstances, there is little to EPearl Harbor, World War II con­ do on dull work projects and long even­ scientious objectors began being drafted view, CPS was an ings but talk and argue-and that's what into Civilian Public Service, the first ill-conceived venture we did for four years. We argued about congressionally authorized program of whether pacifists should put a lock on alternative service in U.S. history. The that scarred too many the refrigerator when food was disap­ program was the offspring of an unlike­ pearing or how we should relate to a neo­ ly marriage between the Selective Service of its participants. Nazi who was in camp because he didn't System and the three historic peace want to fight Hitler. We argued about churches who were to share in its ad­ But it became the the peace church role in administering ministration but whose motivation and conscription, and how we should deal goals for the enterprise were divergent greatest source of with the attack-on-your-grandmother and incompatible. As a four-year par­ syndrome. ticipant (read assignee) in this unprece­ lifetime pacifists Out of all this, we honed our thinking dented church-state experiment, I recall the U.S. has seen. and our understanding to the point CPS as part zoo, part bureaucratic bat­ where many emerged from the war years tleground, and part school for pacifists. as mature pacifists ready to invest their The agreement between the two par­ ties called for a network of base camps to be established in relatively remote set­ tings, each housing from 40 to 150 men, and administered by Quaker •.Brethren, and Mennonite service agencies. Civilian employees of Selective Service were re­ sponsible for the assignees during work­ ing hours; the churches carried super­ visory responsibility during nonworking hours. Additional work opportunities, called "detached service" in the jargon -~ of the times, were gradually developed, ~ '<: almost always after difficult negotia- -~ tions and extensive Selective Service ~ foot-dragging. These new assignments 8 provided the men with more significant :~ work experiences in such roles as men- .., tal hospital attendants, medical guinea ] pigs, and, occasionally, more glamorous .:: undertakings as orderlies in general hos- -~ pitals and as parachutists dropping in- ~ ~~~~ to remote areas to fight forest fires. Page 8: CPS men learn smoke jumping in Huson, Montana. Looked at from the vantage point of Above: Preparations are made to build a reservoir in Rapid City, S.D. 50 years, I see the whole experiment, which involved more than 10,000 men, herently unworkable, and, many would lives in peacemaking. Looking at this as an extraordinary paradox. From one say, seriously compromising of church side of the paradox, it is no surprise that point of view, CPS was an ill-conceived integrity. Although the draft continued the government, for very different rea­ venture that scarred, at least temporari- on and off for many years after the end sons than those of the peace churches, ly, the lives of too many of its partici­ of CPS, none of the peace churches has has never shown any interest in renew­ pants. The projected partnership of ever sought to renew it. ing the marriage contract that terminat­ Christian church bodies seeking maxi­ But from another point of view, Civil­ ed in divorce in 1945, when the peace mum service opportunities for young ian Public Service was an unparalleled churches wanted out, and got out. men of conscience with a large and con­ success. It became the greatest source of None of this was foreseen at the be­ trolling government agency interested in active lifetime pacifists the U.S. peace ginning. The CPS structure was the out­ keeping COs out of public view and per­ movement has so far seen. The vitality come of negotiations between three great forming unrewarding work to discourage of the three peace churches and their peace church leaders-Clarence Pickett others from seeking CO status, was in- service agencies, and indeed of the wider for the Friends, M.R. Ziegler for the peace movement, in the four decades fol­ Brethren, and Orie Miller for the Men­ lowing World War II were significantly nonites-with the first director of Selec­ Stephen G. Cary worked for the American Friends enriched by the influx of returning CPS tive Service, Clarence Dykstra, a broad­ Service Committee for more than 20 years and then graduates into positions of church and gauge and public-spirited official with served as chairperson on the AFSC Board. A 1937 graduate ofHaverford College, he has served there agency leadership. The reason is clear. considerable understanding of church as vice president and acting president. He is now When thousands of diverse and indepen­ perspectives. The big mistake made by retired and is clerk ofGermantown (Pa.) Meeting. dently-minded young men are forced to church leaders in the negotiations was

FRIENDS JOURNAL January 1992 9 their misjudgment of the diversity of the time off they sometimes drifted over to CO community. They assumed it would It was from the Patapsco to "see what the conchies reflect essentially the religious outlook looked like." One hot August afternoon and values of their own faith com­ start a lopsided an assignee who had played football for munities. Assignees would be eager to operation. The the University of Pennsylvania was dig­ work hard on menial tasks to earn the ging a latrine. As he shoveled out dirt, right to more rewarding assignments, churches paid all tanned and shirtless, a couple of recruits and for the same reason would be glad from Meade stopped to admire the to work without pay. the bills, the muscles rippling across his back. "See, Some men accepted these challenges, there's one, there's one! Look at him, but many did not, and these carne to bit­ unpaid men did look at him!" His friend whistled. terly resent the pay level of $2.50 per "Man, oh, man," he said, "I'd hate to month, provided by the churches for all the work. have him hit me with a fistful of love!'' "expenses." Large numbers of assignees Right there, he put his finger on the saw themselves as slave labor, and Selective Service called central flaw in the CPS structure. Nei­ worked accordingly. It was one thing for all the shots. ther the COs nor their church sponsors a well-to-do Quaker with family back­ had a fistful of anything. It was from ing to cooperate with a government that the start a lopsided operation. The held him in a compulsory work program churches paid all the bills, the unpaid men did all the work. Selective Service called all the shots. I was lucky. I parlayed a knowledge of accounting into an office job at my first camp in Petersham, Massachusetts. This rescued me from the bitter cold of a winter forestry project, and shortly, by default, got me promoted to camp director. From there, with various de­ tours, I directed two more camps, and these posts gave me, over four years, as much of a bird's-eye view of the system as it was possible for an assignee at worm's-eye level to have. It is, there­ fore, as a camp director that I report, after half a century, on the CPS scene. The first point to be made is that a CPS camp was a zoo. To administer one with any order or coherence required a range of skills that began with an abili­ ty to walk on water and went on from there to more difficult assignments. Lacking any of these qualifications, I administered, but not with either order or coherence. A director had to deal A CPS participant writes home from camp in San Dimas, Calif. with limited and sometimes ill-tempered government functionaries with one and paid him nothing for four years. It But Dykstra was soon gone, replaced by hand, while with the other he coped with was quite another for a poor boy with General Lewis B. Hershey, a military assignees whose range encompassed a hostile family and no funds to have to figure of reasonable disposition, but Pulitzer Prize winners and ditch diggers, endure the same experience. limited in outlook and understanding, Ph.D.s and third graders, stockbrokers In defense of the church leaders, it and fearful of public criticism. The gen­ and ballet dancers, fundamentalists and must be noted that they were assuming eral remained in charge throughout the atheists, confronters and cooperators, a one-year draft and were negotiating war, and under him Selective Service ad­ the sick and the healthy-always under with Clarence Dykstra. Had he remained ministration of the CPS program be­ the watchful eye of Big Brother in director, Selective Service policy might came narrow minded, bureaucratic, and Washington, D.C., with whom the camp have been different. He would have been self-defeating. director was obliged to do battle almost sympathetic to better work assignments It all began hopefully enough. We every day. and to the use of assignee skills in a wider were seen by our peace church sponsors This ill-assorted lot was all thrown range of detached service assignments. as "creative pioneers," by a generally together in open barracks with no pri­ He might even have been uneasy about tolerant public as peculiar, and by the vacy and sent out to work six days a the pay issue as the draft was extended military as curiosities. The first Quaker­ week on projects that ranged from the to two, three, and four years, lasting operated camp was close to Fort Meade made to the tedious to the grimy. One "for the duration" as we used to say. in Maryland, and when soldiers had Quaker camp was engaged in draining lO January 1992 FRIENDs JoURNAL a swamp, and the men spent their days suits satisfied neither and angered the presence of numbers of depressed and wallowing in knee-deep mud. Another work bosses, who complained regular­ ill young men unable to work, unable to weeded endless beds of tiny seedlings. ly to the camp director, who in his turn leave, lying on their bunks all day long, A third dug water holes to create pools was alternately blessed and cursed by the a drag on themselves and everybody else. that would be useful in fighting forest camp factions, depending on which side Many of these men could manage "on fires. I spent four months in a camp of the philosophical fence he came down the outside," but, trapped in the inflex­ where the project was to cut down sap­ on. ibility of barracks life, they went to lings along the Skyline Drive in Virginia These skirmishes were troubling pieces. to open up vistas for non-existent tour­ enough, but much worse was the prob­ Others had more or less severe physi­ ists in an era of gas rationing-saplings lem posed by the sick and infirm. Selec­ cal disabilties that should have dis­ planted ten years earlier by Civilian tive Service's discharge policy was cut qualified them, but hadn't. I remember Conservation Corps boys to prevent ero­ from the same cloth as its work policy: one man who suffered from such severe sion. One Quaker assignee to this Men­ one aimed at getting CO's out of sight, arthritis that he had to be carried into nonite-operated camp caused consterna­ the other at keeping them there. As a camp. It took us three months to get him tion by refusing to carry out an assign­ camp director I could at least under­ discharged. Most cases were less severe, ment where he was ordered to dab black stand the policies of draft authorities in but we lacked the range of assignments paint on all the one-inch sapling stumps most areas, but I could never under­ available to the military, and it was hard so they wouldn't be noticed. stand their attitude toward medical dis­ to place men in tasks they could handle. Given these problems, one might pre­ charges, which I regarded then-and re- Every camp had its quota of these idle dict that our performance would be less than satisfactory-and one would be right. The biggest work-related difficul- ty was a philosophical split, especially evident in Quaker camps, which drew by far the widest range of assignees, on how we should react to the system. Some were determined to win respect by cooperating and working hard, while others took an opposite approach, drag­ ging their feet to confront government injustice with non-cooperation and dem­ onstrating that free men could not be en­

slaved by Selective Service edict. Like ·===! Odysseus' Penelope, knitting by day and unraveling by night, the eager coopera- 8 tors and the conscientious malingerers .t~ worked to neutralize each other. The re- ~ 8 ~ () ..,E ¥ !(> ~

a;~ "'~ CPS men at Camp Royalston, Mass., carry pump equipment to a fire.

gard now-as unfeeling, inexcusable, men, called "SQs" after their designa­ ~ . ~" \.\ I. I and cruel. tion (sick quarters) on the daily work ~ r:~ ."'- , 1 ...... _ 'I To begin with, local boards had little charts. They could remain in this cate­ understanding of the inflexibilities and gory for months, sometimes reaching a stresses of the CPS system, and in their point of despondency where we had to eagerness to be rid of problems tended put a suicide watch on them. to hurry men off to camp who were un­ I became so familiar with the govern­ stable or physically disabled. This wasn't ment's routine rejections of our discharge necessarily malicious; many assumed applications that I could quite accurately that CO camps, like military bases, could predict when the file was being assembled discharge those marginal draftees who whether it would succeed or fail. This were unable to perform their duties. Un­ turned out to be a useful skill; it enabled fortunately it didn't work that way with me to explain to frustrated psychiatrists us. We had to go through an elaborate why their recommendations were being discharge procedure that usually took disregarded. Cover of the newsletter put out by men in a months, during which the morale of the At one camp, I became close enough CPS camp in Mancos, Colo. entire camp would be undermined by the to our psychiatrist-who was in a hospi-

FRIENDS JOURNAL January /992 11 tal 50 miles away to which I regularly al mental health organization that has drove his camp patients-to suggest to ever since set standards and given public Laurel, Maryland him that he submit his reports to me in awareness to issues relating to the care draft form. I would undertake to re­ of the mentally ill. This work was un­ phrase them with the words I knew doubtedly the most important and last­ MOST would satisfy Selective Service and ing contribution made by World War II return them to the psychiatrist with the COs. They also made valuable contribu­ understanding that if my amateur revi­ tions to medical science through their WOULD DO sions in any way did violence to his pro­ role as guinea pigs, where they volun­ fessional diagnosis he was to change it. teered for experiments in such areas as He then sent the final product back to nutrition, disease, and survival. IT AGAIN me. Working this way as a team, we dis­ A third potentially valuable program charged eight men in six weeks-a record was the training of Friends' CPS men performance that had nothing to do with at Quaker colleges for relief service over­ by Courtney Siceloff changes in. the patients' conditions, and seas. Unfortunately this program was everything to do with semantics. barely launched at Earlham, Guilford, PS Camp #132, located at the All of this illustrates why CPS was Haverford, and Swarthmore when Con­ District Training School in unworkable and involved endless battles gressman Starnes of Alabama, angered CLaurel, Maryland, was unique in between parties operating from different that Europeans and Asians would dis­ at least one aspect: the unit was estab­ premises. Fortunately, however, there cover that there were U.S. pacifists, at­ lished for a study group for those inter­ was some common ground, which did tached a rider to the 1943 military appro­ ested in engaging in relief work when the make it possible for CPS men to make priations bill specifying that no funds so war should end. A group at the CPS important contributions in areas of appropriated could be used for such a Quaker-sponsored camp at West Camp­ need. Most notable was the service given training program. The American Friends ton, N.H., had requested such a unit so by COs as attendants in mental hospitals. Service Committee was, of course, meet­ that in off-duty hours, members could These assignments were unglamorous ing all the costs with private funds, but prepare for the anticipated relief work and invisible enough to satisfy Selective the Selective Service official who had to by studying languages and other areas sign the transfer orders was an army that might be useful. colonel whose pay, while he signed his The Laurel unit was opened in Jan_uary name, came from the appropriation 1944, for 15 persons. For CPS, there authorization. This made the order ille­ was little turnover of personnel for some gal under the Starnes rider so that all the two years, until discharges began in late units had to be closed and the men re­ 1945. All of us were housed in a large turned to camp, thus establishing the dormitory room in one of the buildings, fact that Congress also had its share of so that there developed a strong sense small-minded men. of community. Despite many such disappointments, In the 1940s, this mental retardation the CPS experience was a positive one institution, euphemistically called a train­ for those who were stimulated by the ing school, was more a warehousing of richness of its diversity and could adapt inmates, segregated by race, sex, and to the limitations of its unrewarding and degree of illness-" high" or "low" unpaid work. For them, the years in CPS grade. Working in this environment were growing years from which they tested the patience, ingenuity, creativity, profited. For me, the struggle to give co­ and principles of nonviolence. Several herence to the tangled web of CPS ad­ instances come to mind. One cottage of about 80 "high grade" ~ ministration was the most demanding :;: white males had a pattern of inmates sit­ ~ and maturing assignment I've ever had. -.: It yielded rich rewards in lifelong ting on straight-back chairs lined against ~ friendships-CPS alumni remain to this the wall without being allowed to talk. -.: Discipline was delegated to several "en­ A mental patient is jed by a CPS attendant, day a special fraternity-and in teaching Powellsville, Md. me more about human relationships and forcer" inmates who maintained this how to live with the reasonable and the silence and supervised the maintenance Service, while at the same time they were unreasonable than any other four years duties performed by other residents. desperately needed. Conditions in public of my life. Without discussing a different approach mental hospitals at that time were un­ But, on balance, the price was too to the cottage matron, I began perform­ conscionable. All were severely under­ high. For too many, the experience was ing such maintenance chores as mopping staffed, and such staff as they had were negative, and for the three churches, the floor, making beds alongside the resi- often incompetent, if not sadistic. Large their involvement in administering con­ Courtney Siceloff served in CPS camps at West numbers of CPS men, working in hos­ scription and being party to putting non­ Campton, N.H.; Luray, Va.; Laurel, Md.; and on pitals throughout the country, brought cooperators in jeopardy of prison, ran three cattle boat trips. He worked with refugees a level of caring and competence into the from the Spanish Civil War in South France in the counter to their religious commitments 1940s, with the Peace Corps in Afghanistan, and system that it had never seen before, and and compromised their integrity in ways for the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. He is were instrumental in founding a nation- that should not be repeated. 0 a member of Atlanta (Ga.) Meeting.

12 January 1992 FRIENDS JouRNAL dents, and engaging in conversation place at Bryn Mawr in August 1990, an Four were college professors while two with them. When left with the entire re­ effort was made to have a Laurel reun­ others first taught, then became princi­ sponsibility of the cottage for the even­ ion at that time, and a questionnaire was pals of Friends secondary schools. There ing, I took away the authority of the en­ mailed. Only a few could attend on such were a nursery man, the executive direc­ forcers and had the residents sitting on short notice, but nine replied. Questions tor of the War Resisters League, the the floor playing games. Initially, chaos focused on the impact of CPS and owner of an alternative bookstore, the resulted, and principles of nonviolence Laurel on our lives, what option would director of a self-help housing program were sorely tested to restore some sort be chosen if faced with a comparable for migrant workers and other low in­ of order: a good lesson concerning ef­ situation today, and what has happened come residents, the director of a com­ fecting change. personally to them in the past 50 years. munity development and conference On another occasion, a CO had his leg The CPS/ Laurel experience had a center for blacks in the rural South, a broken while ejecting a person from the strong impact on the lives of each. Most minister who specialized in marriage dining hall for unruly behavior. Another were from mid-20s to mid-30s in age and counseling, an advertising/ public rela­ was hit in the head when an inmate threw had begun their careers; two had just tions executive, and an insurance exec­ a coke bottle while resisting efforts to completed college. The responses to our utive active with the Billy Graham quiet him down. However, with the ad­ questions indicated that a number re­ crusades. One college professor worked ditional personnel in the form of COs, turned to college for advanced degrees. for UNESCO in its formative years and the objectors were able to reopen the oc­ was a prolific writer on international, cupational therapy classes, school class- educational, and Quaker issues. Although none entered the mental health profession, one CO later had a severely retarded son of his own with Down's syndrome, was active in the field of mental retardation, and served as state president for the association for retarded citizens. The other COs were sensitized to the treatment of the men­ tally ill, racial discrimination, and the dispossessed of our society. Of those who responded, most would es, and recreational programs, and to take a similar position if forced to start a chorus. Close relationships were choose today regarding forced military built with several staff members, relat­ service. Some thought they might take ing especially to curriculum and place­ a more resistant route, which might lead ment of released persons. At least one to prison or emigration. One clearly former resident who made a successful would enter some form of military serv­ transition into society maintained a cor­ ice, having been "cut off from the respondence with some of the COs for primary experience of my generation" several decades. and thus precluded from fulfilling a In anticipation of the 50th anniver­ Above: a retarded child living at the District desire to enter politics. Another thought sary celebration of CPS which took Training School. Inset: the dining hall. he might have been able to use his ex­ pertise (music) in a noncombatant role, but was glad to have had the CPS venture. Innovations at laurel A question was not asked regarding In one cottage at the District Train­ helped the CPS man endure his super­ participation in Quaker meeting, but at ing Camp in Laurel, Maryland, the visory role. least six have been involved with their highest I.Q. in the group was 48. The Returning for a visit a year after he monthly meetings. Several served as youngest boys were forced to sit in left the school, that camper felt sure clerks, and at least two are in Quaker adult chairs all day, with their feet the boys would not even recognize sponsored retirement homes. dangling. To keep them in place, an him, because their memories were so Speaking personally, I joined Stony older lad stood in front of them hold­ impaired. Imagine his surprise and Run Meeting of Baltimore, Maryland, ing a rubber hose in his hand to en­ pleasure when one small boy tugged shortly after leaving CPS but was never force that rule. at his coattail and pointed to the wire a "resident" Friend until our move to One CPS man persuaded his friends still hanging in the room and mut­ Atlanta, Georgia, in 1973. The meeting to send him cuddly toys for the little tered, "No pittures, no pittures." A now is central to our lives. Attendance boys to play with. He also brought in year had passed, and that lad still as­ at Quaker-led retreats and participation a Victrola so they could listen to sociated the CPS man with the pic­ in meetings at Florida Avenue (D.C.) music. And he placed colorful pic­ tures, which had long ago disappeared. Meeting and Stony Run led me to seek tures on a wire strung across the guidance of the Spirit as central to my room. Such innovations may not Leonard Kenworthy existence. CPS was critical toward pro­ have helped the inmates, but they Kennett Square, Pa. viding direction at an important junc­ ture in my journey. D

FluENDs JoURNAL January 1992 13 The Impact of CPS by Leonard S. Kenworthy over. M9reover, I had recently spent a ranged from conservative Republicans year in Nazi Germany, helping persons to radical Socialists. In religion they or approximately 12,000 of us designated by that government as Jews, spanned the spectrum from humanists, young men during World War II, to leave. So I knew the fate of conscien­ theosophists, and liberal Jews to Fparticipation in the various camps tious objectors there (largely Jehovah's Jehovah's Witnesses and Christadelphi­ and units of the Civilian Public Service Witnesses): they were killed. ans; and in education, from one illiterate system, run by the Brethren, Men­ Nevertheless, I, too, faced many dif­ Pennsylvania farmer to a few men with nonites, and Quakers for conscientious ficulties, disappointments, and even dis­ doctorate degrees. It was difficult, but objectors, was a tremendous experience, illusionments in CPS. However, as I look we did learn to live in relative peace with touching many aspects of our lives. back, that was one of the most profitable men of that broad diversity. Those camps and units were not concen­ periods of my life. Like others, I was • Many of us came to have a higher re­ tration camps nor beloved communities constantly challenged-and stretched. spect for hard physical labor than we despite such differing designations by Recently I made a list of the ways in previously had. We learned to respect various individuals. But they were highly which I think I grew in that period. Then the skill and artistry of many of the demanding experiments in group living I compared it with my comments in ar- Mennonite farmers and cabinetmakers by young pacifists, powerfully affecting in their camp in Luray, Virginia, for our lives then and later. example. Often, too, our commitments were challenged, broadened, and deepened, The Impact on Individuals and our idealism tempered by bits of True, it was a scarring experience for realism. Were we willing, for example, to a few, primarily some of the younger take an African-American fellow camper men. Before completing their education with us when we moved to the Eastern and establishing themselves vocational- ly, those young men-like their counter­ parts in the armed forces-were torn from their families and friends and sent to places where the living conditions sometimes verged on the primitive, where ~ the work was often unsatisfying, and 1:! where they had to deal daily with a wide ~ range of individuals-from different B geographical areas, from various reli­ gious or philosophical backgrounds, and ticles I wrote during World War II, and with a wide range of personalities. In ad­ the lists were strikingly similar. As I be­ dition, those campers were confronted lieve they apply to many others, I record occasionally with baffling choices as to them here in a more general way: how to deal with the conscription system. • Thrust into new and often utterly dif­ A few succumbed, like a young friend ferent situations than we had ever en­ of mine in the Patapso camp, near countered, many of us learned a lot Baltimore, who was discharged from about ourselves. Often it was easy to CPS, to be nursed back to health many project our faults and frustrations on months later by a loving wife and a com­ "the system," (frequently the American to petent and caring psychiatrist. But, Friends Service Committee), but many ~ somehow, nearly all of us survived. of us recognized shortcomings we had More than that, most of us grew in not known existed. But we also discov­ Shore of Maryland and to face the many aspects of our lives. ered personal strengths that had not possibility of confronting an angry mob For me the three and a half years spent hitherto been revealed. of local white racists? (He did go with in CPS were much easier than for many • Many of us developed several lifelong us but remained in camp, thus avoiding others. I had completed my basic educa­ friendships from those months. Often an incident.) Should we submit to an tion and been employed, with the belief the ties that bound us were stronger than order to take part in an ali-day expedi­ that I could return to my former posi­ in other situations because of the amount tion that seemed cleverly camouflaged tion or a similar one once the war was of time spent together, the type of prob­ but probably closely connected with the lems we faced, and the close nature of war effort? (A few of us.refused to go.) Leonard S. Kenworthy is author of more than 40 our camp or unit communities. • A large number of CPS men consid­ books on Quakerism, world affairs, and the teaching ofsoc ial studies. He is a member ofb oth • Many of us learned to live with a far ered seriously their lifetime vocational Brooklyn (N. Y.) and Kendal (Pa.) Meetings and wider range of individuals than we had choices or a shift in their previous plans. is on the F'RIENDS JouRNAL Board of Managers. ever done previously. In politics they For example, a few of those who worked

14 January 1992 FRIENDS JouRNAL in mental hospital units opted for such Left to right, from page 14: A. J. Muste visits work after the war or became doctors a CPS camp library; Olcutt Sanders in a disarmament rally at the United Nations, or psychologists. Many made a personal March 1978; Raymond Wilson at Philadelphia commitment to some social cause voca­ Yearly Meeting, tionally or avocationally. 1972; Wilmer Consciously or unconsciously, many Cooper at a St. of us became more socially committed. Louis conference, At least three factors seem to me to have 1970. Herbert contributed to that change. One was the and Ruthanna presence in our camps and units of men Hadley march at who were deeply desirious of making the U.N., 1978; Lou Schneider changes in some area of life-political, during his economical, social, or educational. Sec­ tenure as ond was our acute awareness that we, executive too, were a special kind of minority. secretary of the AFSC, 1970s.

last few decades has remarked that much The Impact on Quakerism of the leadership of U.S. Quakerism in What would happen in your meeting that period has come from the men who if all the adults over 30, or even 25, were were in the CPS camps and units or in removed? What would be the status of prison. Some has come, too, from men your meeting for worship and the vocal who participated in the armed forces ministry in it? Add, then, to that small and were repulsed by that experience, remaining group a large number of new­ becoming pacifists and Quakers. comers who began to attend because The list is long of former CPS men they sensed a need for such spiritual who have played important roles in their sustenance or because they were merely local, quarterly, and yearly meetings, curious. and in national and international bodies Such was the situation in the Quaker of Friends. They have been clerks, CPS camps-and later the units, withal­ treasurers, members of school commit­ most all of the adult leadership removed. tees and committees of ministry and However, a few Quaker men began to oversight, and holders of other impor­ develop, slowly and sometimes painful­ tant positions. Here we will limit our­ ly, their own small daily meditation selves to some of the more prominent groups and their longer and larger Sun­ ones. Even that list is limited to the day meetings. author's knowledge, supplemented by Those Quakers, together with a few the suggestions of a few former CPS others, felt strongly the need for such men. times of refreshment to combat the For approximately 20 years Dan Wil­ monotony and boredom of their lives in son, a former CPS camper and director, Third were the visitors to our camps and CPS and to meet creatively the chal­ was associated with Pendle Hill, serving units-such as A.J. Muste, Frank Olm­ lenges that arose in those places. Re­ in several capacities, including a time as stead, Ray Wilson, Haridas Mazundar, examining their own spiritual resources, acting director. Thus he helped to make Bayard Rustin, Arthur Morgan, Irene they dug deeper than they had ever done it a significant spiritual powerhouse for Pickard, Ruth Seabury, and Katherine before and soon became positive forces Quakers and others. Whiteside Taylor. in their camps and units. Often they About the same time Wilmer Cooper • Some of us, perhaps many, learned were called " lifers" because they sup­ was a moving force behind the establish­ the value of time, devising ingenious posedly would have liked to remain in ment of the Earlham School of Religion, ways of using our little "free time" wise­ the camps forever, as opposed to those an institution that has grown steadily ly. I recall Howard Lutz carrying a who were known as "gripers." over the years as a training center for Swedish New Testament in his back Having leadership thrust upon them leaders in the Society of Friends as well pocket to read at lunchtime or in the or assuming such positions, they devel­ as for people in other religious groups. "breaks" in our work projects, thus fur­ oped those aspects of their lives much In the last few decades Quaker colleges thering his goal of becoming an expert earlier than would have happened in have turned frequently to CPS men for on Scandinavia, or John Musgrave and normal times. And their leadership in their presidents. They include Sam Eugene Schenkman reading Russian to Quaker affairs has persisted since then, Marble and Jim Read at Wilmington each other on their bunk beds as a way adding immeasurably to the vitality of College, with Brooke Morgan serving as of increasing their proficiency in that the Religious Society of Friends. One an acting president. Eugene Mills was language. commentator on Quaker history in the president of the University of New

FRIENDS J ouRNAL January 1992 15 , Hampshire and then of Whittier College. as administrators or professors. Among er schools, mentioning two should suf­ Then there was George Watson, who them were Wilmer Cooper, Hal and Jim fice. One is Robert Berquist, who spent served several years as head of Friends Cope, Bill Fuson, Arthur Little, Warren most of his life adding to the education World College, and Hal Cope, who was Staebler, and Ray Trayer. Although he of students at Scattergood School. The in a similar capacity at Friends Univer­ was not a participant in CPS, Lewis other is Jack Hollister, who served many sity. For several years Steve Cary was Hoskins served in the famous China years as chairman of the committee over­ vice-president of Haverford College and Unit and added a great deal to the inter­ seeing George School. then, for a short time, its acting national interest of the college for many president. years, including his special expertise on The hnpact of CPS Certainly the American Friends Serv­ Africa. ice Committee profited more from the These men were among those who Outside Quaker Circles talents of CPS men than any other helped develop Earlham's strong con­ Lest it be thought by readers that the Quaker organization or institution. Some nection with Japan, start its peace stud­ contribution of those in AFSC-adminis­ joined the staff of that organization ies program, and introduce a fascinating tered camps and units was solely or after the war because of their CPS ex­ form of college administration along primarily to Friends, we plan now to perience; others in spite of it. distinctly Quaker lines. mention a few areas outside of Quaker­ Particularly prominent over the years In a somewhat similar fashion, Guil­ dom where men from the Quaker camps were Steve Cary and Lou Schneider. For ford College was affected by CPS. Clyde have contributed. Again, the names and 23 years Steve Cary was a staff member Milner, for many years Guilford's presi­ areas are limited because of the back­ of the AFSC, then a member of its dent, hired several former CPS men. ground of the writer. Others could add Board of Directors, then its chairman. They included Edward Burrows, Carroll considerably to this brief summary. For some time Lou Schneider was the Peagins, Charles Hendricks, David One of the most prestigious awards to executive secretary. Stafford, and Eugene Thompson. They be granted a CPS man was a Pulitzer In addition, several men served as ex­ were extremely influential in bringing Prize to Carleton Mabee for his bio­ ecutive secretaries of various regional about integration at Guilford as well as graphy of Samuel F.B. Morse. offices, as fund-raisers, as personnel strengthening that institution in other Another fascinating development from directors, or in other capacities. (A list ways. the wartime experience was the gift of of former CPS men who later worked Quaker secondary schools also drew a million dollars to the University of for the AFSC appears on page 32.) It is interesting to note that the ex­ ecutive secretaries of the Friends Com­ mittee on National Legislation have all been men who took part in the U.S. armed forces-and then became paci­ fists. But several members of the FCNL staff, such as Wilmer Cooper and Lloyd Bailey, were CPS men, and many of the active supporters of that noteworthy organization have been people who were in CPS. In the pioneering work of the Friends World Committee for Consultation, Ed- ~ win Bronner was chairman of the Ameri- ~ can section and of the international ~ body. For many years Herbert Hadley !2"' ______. was the secretary of the international body and then of the American section. on the CPS men for a long period of Marshall Sutton and Robert Rumsey, time as administrators and as teachers. both former CPS men, were midwest Thus Jim Seegers taught at George secretaries of the FWCC. School, became director of curriculum In an even newer organization, the at Oakwood School, and then the prin­ Friends Council on Higher Education, cipal of Friends Seminary in New York T. Canby Jones, of Wilmington College, City. Sam Legg was at Westtown, Balti­ was a prime mover, in addition to his more Friends, Oakwood, and then prin­ many other activities in Quaker circles. cipal of Sandy Spring Friends school. A large number of CPS men became Perhaps Westtown School profited as college professors, some in Quaker col­ much as any Quaker secondary school. leges and more in other private and pub­ On its faculty at one time or another lic institutions. In that regard Earlham were Burdette Bernard, Franklin Briggs, College benefited greatly (see inset by D. Charles K. Brown, Earl Fowler, Sam Top (from left): Steve Cary, Lewis Hoskins, Elton Trueblood). Following World War Legg, Jan Long, John Nicholson, and and others at an AFSC meeting, 1955 II, many CPS men were enrolled at possibly others. Above: Arthur Morgan is interviewed for a Earlham, and several joined its faculty Of the many others who served Quak- television documentary on his life, 1971.

16 January 1992 FRIENDs JoURNAL ' Rochester for a Center for the Study of who were mentally retarded, later as a International Peace and Cooperation. parent of such a son, he was particular­ That sum, earned through real estate in ly effective in the establishment of group Vermont, was given by Peter D. Watson, homes as an alternative to institutional CPS andEarlham who had taken part in a medical experi­ confinement. ment under the auspices of CPS at that Courtney Siceloff was one of several Though there are many aspects university during World War II. CPS men who became active in inter­ of the story of Civilian Public Serv­ For a few months after the war, Roy racial and civil rights issues. For several ice camps, the part of the story that Kepler was the executive secretary of the years he was director of the Penn Com­ interests me most is connected with War Resisters League; later he started a munity Services in South Carolina, the new life at Earlham College in chain of bookstores in California. developing it as a community and con­ 1946. Most who know anything Having served as the informal direc­ ference center that became the site of about Earlham are aware of what tor of religious activities at the significant civil rights activities. He also was virtually a renaissance soon Powellsville camp in Maryland, Grover served as a consultant to the U.S. Corn­ after the end of World War II. The Hartrnen went on to become the ex­ mission on Civil Rights when it was new life was guided, in large mea­ ecutive secretary of the Indianapolis created in 1957. sure, by President Thomas E. Jones Federation of Churches and then of the One of the fields in which several and by Vice-President Paul Furnas, Indiana Federation of Churches. former CPS men have engaged has been both of whom had been active in Another CPS camper, Herman Will, in international relations or world af­ CPS. Their greatest contribution is Jr., took over the management of the fairs. For example, soon after World that they recruited a number of able national peace program of the Methodist War II Jim Read became the assistant people for faculty and staff whom church in Washington, D.C. commissioner for refugees for the United they had known in the c~rnps. In the post-war years Rowland Watts Nations based in Geneva. Lloyd Bailey In his first years as president of became influential in the American Civil served many years as executive secretary Earlham, Torn Jones had the privi­ Liberties Union and the Workers of the U.S. Committee for UNICEF. lege of adding new persons to the Defense League as a champion of social And this writer was a part of the small college faculty, because the rapid justice and was later given the pres­ preparatory staff launching UNESCO increase in the number of students tigious Durfee Award. and then its first director of Education required the addition of new staff Herbert Zirn became distinguished as for International Understanding. at every level. The persons who had a scientist and writer, producing scores After CPS, Robert Leach went to engaged in CPS were ready, will­ of books on science for children, editing Geneva where he taught in the Interna­ ing, and able. These men needed a well-known encyclopedia set, and pre­ tional School for many years and helped employment and were grateful for paring a series of popular books on the develop its famous International Bac­ it. The result was a burst of energy flora and fauna of various regions of the calaureate Program for similar schools and loyal dedication to the embodi­ U.S.A. It was his contact with Quakers around the world. ment of a dream. All were idealists in the Luray, Virginia, camp that later Howard Lutz taught after World War and, accordingly, ready to work led to his joining the Religious Society II in the Viggbyholrn School outside without big wages. We had an al­ of Friends. Stockholm, Sweden, and then became most complete absence of greed. Another CPS man who became inter­ a professor of Scandinavian Studies in Good examples of the new devel­ nationally famous for his work as an an­ various parts of the University of opment are the brothers Hal and thropologist and social psychologist was Wisconsin. Jim Cope, both of whom had served David McClelland of Wesleyan Univer­ John Musgrave went to Southeast in CPS camps. Jim began without sity in Connecticut and then of Harvard, Asia and cooperated in the preparation a degree and later became director in part because of his amplification of of teaching materials on the Burmese of the Joseph Moore Museum. Hal Arnold Toynbee's theory of the "chal­ language. Later he became librarian on began as dietitian and later became lenge and response" of civilizations Southeast Asia at Yale University and business manager, taking up where through the centuries. the University of Michigan. Paul Furnas left off. Still later he In another realm, Bill Reese became Two other CPS men who engaged in became president of Friends Uni­ head of the music department at Haver­ related work were Giles Zimmerman, versity at Wichita, Kansas, and ford College, conducted the famous who headed International House in now lives in retirement at Sandy Bach Choir in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia for years, and Ed Ramberg, Spring, Maryland. and later organized a symphony orches­ who is still editing a comprehensive With the help of many such peo­ tra in New York state. monthly report on the UN for the ple, Earlham made a tremendous In addition to his creative approach United Nations Committee of Philadel­ leap in character, so that today it to the teaching of political science at phia Yearly Meeting. is one of the most respected liberal Penn State University, including the No one knows to what extent their arts colleges of the nation. This is production of a textbook with a novel CPS experiences contributed to the due, in large measure, to the spirit approach to that subject, Elton Atwater outstanding services rendered by these of dedication developed in the served as president of the Pennsylvania and many other men, but it surely can camps of Civilian Public Service. Association for Retarded Citizens and be assumed that those World War II ex­ for several years as chairman of its periences added measurably to their D. Elton Trueblood Governmental Affairs Committee. As a concerns, their motivations, and their Lansdale, Pa. former CPS worker with individuals skills. 0

FRIENDS JOURNAL January 1992 17 Women and Friends CPS

by Gladys Gray he military draft that preceded World War II forced many people T to make decisions that changed the course of their lives. While men were ~ most directly affected, women also had ~ to decide whether they would support 1 the military or witness to their commit- ~ ment to peace. Civilian Public Service, i as described in Steve Cary's article, pro- o.. vided a variety of opportunities for u~ women. Some of the positions in the camps coming visitors who usually were wives munity or women in similar were filled by women with special skills. of the men in camp or Friends with circumstances. The dietitians and nurses, who served as special concerns for the conscientious Bob and I were married while he was volunteers and represented various age objectors and the running of the camps. at the camp at Big Flats, New York, groups, were very supportive and help­ The director's wife provided a "home three years after he had entered CPS. I ful to the men. The wife of the camp touch'' and a sympathetic listening ear left my job in California and spent a director was frequently the hostess, wei- to the problems encountered by the men month searching for work and housing and the women. Some of the wives re­ in Elmira. I accepted a position as home Gladys Gray is a member of Moorestown (N.J.) mained in their home towns because finder for a community agency that Meeting, where she was meeting secretary for eight they had young children or jobs they ·placed children in foster and adoptive years. She is a former staff member of the could not leave, and visited camp for homes. Since I did some traveling in the children's program of t_he Pacific Southwest Regional Office of the American Friends Service brief periods. Other wives lived in near­ area, I was often able to plan my route Committee. She and her husband, Robert W. by towns and cities, either in isolated so I could stop at the camp for dinner, Gray, have three daughters. situations or related to an informal com- which was free to wives, and have a brief evening visit with Bob. Top (Left to right): My housing was in an old farmhouse Betty Mellor that had been made into four apart­ (dietitian), Alice Beaman (nurse), and ments. Across the driveway was a con­ Ruth Seegir (assistant verted chickenhouse with two apart­ director's wife) in the ments. I was the first CPS wife to be a CPS camp where tenant, but soon other families came, they worked in Powellsville, Md. and we had four apartments housing six Right: CPS.families wives, three of whom had children. We in Elmira, N.Y., 1945 helped each other in various ways. We raised a vegetable garden and socialized together. One wife, who worked in the local hospital laboratory, had access to rabbits used for pregnancy testing. The main dish for a large CPS picnic was rabbit stew! Since the men's income was only

18 January 1992 FRIENDS JoURNAL $2.50 per month, it was essential that the selves. Most accepted the pacifism that have lasted throughout the years. Some women find positions unless they re­ had placed our husbands in camp. We of us with close ties to the work of ceived financial aid from home or had did not have lengthy serious discussions Friends have seen each other periodical­ savings. Most of the women were col­ about our situation and our convictions, ly, and other friendships have been main­ lege graduates, and many were able to but recreation was an important means tained in spite of great distances. One work in various professions such as so­ of mutual support. Several women from of the couples who lived in the chicken­ cial work, education, business, public Friends meetings near the camps and bouse in Elmira welcomed us to the health, and laboratory technology. In units joined in the social life, as did Medford Leas Retirement Community the mental hospital units some wives and other women (not Friends) who opposed when we arrived three years ago. As with fiancees worked as attendants. Looking war. Our group enjoyed opportunities the men, some of the women associated for jobs and housing around Elmira, we such as square dancing at "The Old with CPS went on to become leaders in met antagonistic attitudes toward ''that Barn" in Horseheads to which we took Friends concerns in the decades that fol­ camp" for COs. Even with five years of a complete square recruited from the lowed. We learned by experience about experience as a pastor's assistant, I was camp and town. We also enjoyed the living and working in communities, mak­ told that I could not get a similar posi­ talent shows presented at camp by the ing the most of limited resources. Because tion. Yet the community agency that men, among whom were some outstand­ of the bonds made there, CPS is an ex­ served families of servicemen hired sev­ ing dancers and actors. perience most of us are glad to have had. eral CPS wives. Many of the friendships we made in But few would want to do it again or We women were drawn together by those days, almost half a century ago, would wish it on another generation. 0 the situation in which we found our-

Memories of Philadelphia State Hospital ollowing my graduation from college in 1941 I worked two Fyears at several short term jobs. ~ t: I then decided I wanted to go on for -.: a masters degree in psychiatric social ~ work. As preparation, I wanted to -.: work six months in a mental hospital. A patient at Philadelphia State Hospital is prepared f or shock therapy, 1945. I read in one of the peace papers that AFSC wanted a group of women to pacifist views. I'm sure it was also deteriorated women. It was discourag­ volunteer to work at Philadelphia State because of our education and our ing to see nothing in the way of therapy Hospital. There was already a CPS wider options in seeking employment. and rarely any caring. Meal serving, unit there, made up of men who had The head attendant most of the time bathing, etc., were done by worker pa­ volunteered to transfer to Byberry seemed to accept me, though there was tients. Occasional medications were Hospital. It was thought that since the no time for socializing. Other atten­ dispensed by an R.N., as required by men were forced to serve, it would be dants passed me on the grounds with­ law. She was fuzzy in her own mind good to have women volunteer to work out speaking. I worked a three-week and didn't seem to know who anyone under the same conditions: room and stint in the "violent" women's build­ was. board plus $15 a month, working ing. When I came on each afternoon, Every Wednesday night there was a regular shifts along with regular the two women I replaced walked out "social" in Cottage #1 , where all the employees. That appealed to me since without ever speaking. The one who CPS men were housed in a space de­ I felt sure I would be with a few like­ came at midnight was the same. signed for no more than one-third their minded people. It would have been very hard with­ number. We made cocoa and had a As I remember, there were six or out our little " in group" of women, speaker generally. One week there were eight of us when I arrived. The others and, of course, the men in the CPS two new men in the unit from Oregon. all had need for the money they earned, unit. We ate all our meals in the same One was Ward Miles and the other Hal just as I did. We were a varied group, dining hall. Barton. About three years later Ward all of us white, U.S. women except I had agreed to stay for six months and I were married. Needless to say, Ruth Wendt, who was German. and did so, though I was both physi­ I've never regretted taking on the We became a close group because of cally and mentally exhausted when I Byberry experience. similar interests and because we were left. It was hard work physically. One not welcomed by the regular hospital was always on the alert, even working Alice Calder Miles attendants. They resented us for our as I did primarily with senile and other Olympia, Wash.

FRIENDS JOURNAL January 1992 19 prehensible, if not ridiculous, that I should go to prison, leaving my wife and CONSCRIPTION, baby daughter to fend for themselves, just because I would not sign a piece of paper. To them, my action was utterly irresponsible, or worse, and Dorothy, CONSCIENCE, my wife, shared the blame. "Why do you let Jim do this?" she was asked. In a written statement explaining why I was doing such a manifestly ill-advised AND RESISTANCE and silly thing, I stated that I did this "for all wives and all daughters every­ where'' in the hope this action would contribute, however minutely, to bring­ Jim a chance to comply with the law simply ing an end to war. I tried to explain that by Bristol by signing a blank questionnaire. I loved my own family no less when I n 1940 I was pastor of a Lutheran The argument urged upon me was loved them as part of a worldwide fami­ church in Camden, New Jersey. that I was quite misguided to put myself ly, including my country's enemies. On I During the five previous years (in outside the law, when the legislation the whole, my explanation fell on deaf, spite of the teachings and practice of the generously provided for those who con­ or at least on uncomprehending ears. Lutheran Church) I had become a paci­ scientiously opposed war. To this argu­ Not surprisingly, in my stand against fist, and in 1940 found myself so strong­ ment I replied: "To me it is a vicious, conscription I received no support from ly opposed to military conscription that war-generating, reprehensible law, and the Lutheran Church. Individually, how­ I spent my summer vacation in Wash­ it is harmful to the nation. I have always ever, a number of Lutheran ministers, ington, D.C., fighting the Burke-Wads­ respected the law of the land, but I want including one highly placed official at worth Bill. to put myself as far as possible outside national headquarters, gave strong and This I did because of my conviction this law." practical support to me and my wife and that conscription was wrong for the na­ hen I was arrested and taken our 20-month-old daughter, despite dis­ tion. Although, as a clergy person, I before a U.S. commissioner, agreeing with what my conscience had would have been exempt under provi­ W I tried to explain this point to led me to do. These people believed that sions of the then-pending legislation, I him by citing the Hebrew prophets' in­ being true to the dictates of conscience viewed the law as hurtful to the United sistence that a king's particular action was central to the Christian faith. States; it was undemocratic and totali­ was wrong, not because it hurt them or Throughout this period, I met peo­ tarian. It denied the validity of moral trod on the toes of a religious institu­ ple who were Quakers or were involved and religious values and constituted a tion, but because it spelled disaster for in Quaker organizations. Some, like step toward our involvement in World Israel. The next day's newspaper quoted me, would eventually become Friends. War II. the commissioner as saying: "He thinks These people were helpful and suppor­ When the legislation became law, I re­ he's the Apostle Paul or something." tive. They honored and respected mained convinced that military conscrip­ In 1941, there had been no Civil Dorothy's and my consciences, and they tion was wrong for the nation. Yielding Rights Movement, no Vietnam-era re­ were very good about not voicing any to strong pressures from church authori­ sistance. Good people obeyed the law. doubts they might have had about our ties and friendly pacifists, I registered, That was a given. Many of my friends sanity. with grave misgivings, on October 16, and associates found it totally incom- Above all, neither of us will ever for- 1940. Almost at once I realized I had done the wrong thing, and several months later I broke with the law by refusing to answer my Selective Service question­ naire. Five months after that I was ar­ rested, and seven weeks later I received an 18-month prison sentence. During that seven-week period, I was incessantly visited, entreated, reasoned ] with, cajoled, and even threatened with ~ being unfrocked as a Lutheran minister. "' t­ Fellow clergy people, church officials, ·!! Selective Service representatives from ~ state headquarters, friendly pacifists, ~ and well-intentioned friends all bore ! down upon me. I was repeatedly pre- ., sented with a range of options, including ~ Now retired from many years' employment with ! the American Friends Service Committee, Jim ., Bristol is a member ofGermantown (Pa.) Meeting. i!: .....__ ___-\

20 get the debt we owe to a Quaker, David by our rejection of the law, with its to Selective Service, or specific Selective Richie. The evening of my arrest, I was hard-won and rejoiced-over provisions Service regulations. I am, however, in­ taken suddenly, with no prior notice, to for COs. volved in anti-draft, and youth and mili­ jail. Dorothy didn't know where to turn As time went on, this attitude changed tarism programs, and in efforts to sup­ for the needed bail late on a Friday and softened somewhat. An increasing port nonregistrants who are deprived of afternoon. Then she thought of David number of objectors eventually broke student loans. Through the years I have Richie, with whom we were acquainted with the system. Then, inevitably, peo­ counseled many law-abiding COs, but through other activities. Without hesita­ ple began to accept and comprehend a my rejection of the entire conscription tion and with great ingenuity, Dave stand taken over and over again. At the apparatus is such that my eyes do not came through and traveled a consider­ end of World War II following their ex­ light up nor does my pulse quicken able distance that evening to help me perience with the CPS camps, members about matters that seem to me only out. Dorothy and I remain eternally of the American Friends Service Com­ peripheral for those of us who oppose grateful to him. mittee stated: "Never again; never will we the draft. everal Friends crossed the river administer conscription in the future." My own journey, after I left the Dan­ from Philadelphia to Camden to As late 'as 1948, when the draft was bury prison, took me away from the Ssupport us on the day of the trial reintroduced after a brief suspension, a Lutheran ministry and into peace work and sentencing. Once I was in prison, in­ new organization had to be created, the for several organizations. On New dividual Quakers continued, with under­ standing and support, to help Dorothy, who was raising a preschool daughter in Jim Bristol To him, the draft a country caught up in the patriotic fer­ in 1941 vor of prosecuting "the good war." Among the handful of young men law would move who in the fall of 1940 had refused to the nation toward register for the draft in Philadelphia were Arle Brooks, a Friend, and Ernie becoming a war Kurkjian, who was instrumental in plac­ ing dislocated Nisei students in schools state. Cooperating and colleges by working with the Japan­ ese American Student Relocation Coun­ with such a law cil, a Friends-related organization. Ernie later became a Friend. Their courageous was unconscionable; and principled action greatly strength­ . . ened my own convictions. gotng to pnson In early November 1941, I became the was the only government's guest at the federal prison in Danbury, Connecticut. There within other choice. three months I was joined by three Phil­ adelphia Quakers: the jovial Elliston ('Sunny') Morris, who at 42 was older than the rest of us, and two younger Friends, Arnold Satterthwaite and Fred Central Committee for Conscientious Year's Day of 1947, I went to work for Richards. Both Arnold and Fred had Objectors (CCCO), to assist and under­ the AFSC on a six-month assignment publicly refused to register for the draft gird the "absolutists" and nonreligious that kept me occupied for 31 years. This on their 18th birthdays. We grew close objectors. It took a long time-30 years, meant daily collaboration with Friends to one another in a small CO inmate in some cases-for many in the pacifist and becoming familiar with Friends population that was to increase eight- to community to accept draft resistance in principles, testimonies, and concerns, nine-fold before we were released in the same way they accepted conscien­ and the ways Friends strive to put their 1943. tious objector status and service within convictions into practice. In due course, In the world of 1941, the reaction of the law. Not until the Vietnam era did my wife and I began attending German­ the pacifist community to our choice a widely representative gathering of town (Pa.) Meeting, where we eventual­ was decidedly mixed. At that time, on­ Friends (including the American Friends ly joined and remain active to this day. ly a handful of us had been led to break Service Committee and Philadelphia I have never thought that when I be­ the law. The acceptable objector stance Yearly Meeting) approve the draft resist­ came a Friend I somehow "changed." was to perform alternative service under ance position, as opposed to supporting It was rather that the insights of the the law. Although there were glorious the conscience of the individual resister. Gospel as they laid hold upon me in the and heartening exceptions and those of n the half-century since 1940, I have Lutheran Church drove me relentlessly us who rejected conscription altogether remained an opponent of the con­ and inexorably out of that body and in­ did receive support, most of the pacifist I scription system and am still pas­ to the fellowship of believers that is the community treated us "absolutists" like sionately against the draft. Consequent­ Religious Society of Friends. In retro­ second-class citizens. I think that often ly, I do not share the depth of concern spect some 40 years later, I experience we were an embarrassment to our fellow that others have for provisions for COs, joy and gratitude for having been so pacifists, and frequently they were hurt definitions of the CO position according driven. D

FRIENDS JOURNAL January /992 21 by Mary Ellen Singsen welve men who had been COs during World War II came to­ Tgether at Silver Bay, New York, during New York Yearly Meeting in July of 1991. They shared their 1941-1946 stories and insights of their Civilian Public Service experience with each other and with the oral history project of NYYM's Tercentenary Committee. As the men responded to questions posed by Asa Watkins and the author of this article, the sessions were taped by three members of the committee who are ,J working on a scholarly history of NYYM -· to be published in 1995. Because histori- ~ ans regard the CPS experience as an im- t- portant influence on 20th century Quak- '<>'~ erism, these 1991 tapes should be of in- ~ creasing value to researchers. ~ Each man is now a Quaker, but when ~ they entered CPS to do "work of na- il: tiona! importance under civilian direc­ tion" only three belonged to Friends meetings. Most were engaged in forest- ry work in CPS, especially at the ear­ liest point of their service, planting and weeding seedlings in the summer and !Dokin Back selectively cutting or thinning trees in the winter at Big Flats, New York, working on the Blue Ridge Parkway in Virginia, and reclaiming land at Trenton, North Dakota. Land reclamation, swamp clear­ • ance and agricultural research, fire fighting and smoke jumping were the enence work of many later assignments. Some CPS men entered hospitals to serve as atten­ dants or·as guinea pigs in experiments with jaundice, amoebic dysentery, and infectious hepatitis. Work as aides or at­ tendants in mental hospitals led to great changes at Williamsburg, Virginia, and at Byberry, the Pennsylvania state men­ tal hospital, where CPS men founded the National Mental Health Foundation and established a paradigm for trans­ forming the training programs for attendants. In hope of serving overseas, several men in the group entered training pro­ grams for relief work, but the Congress terminated these options late in 1943. It was not until the war ended that a few boats that took farm animals to devas­ about the meaning of CPS to them and of the men finally worked in China or tated farms. about their decisions to accept alternate went to Poland and Germany on cattle Firefighting in Western states includ­ service. Looking back in a mellow mood ed jumping from planes with parachutes, they spoke positively of their time in Mary Ellen Singsen is on the Overseers Commit­ regarded as especially attractive work. CPS, praising the characters and in­ tee of Scarsdale (N.Y.) Meeting, on the Tercen­ According to Willard Gaeddart, items tellectual abilities of their fellow camp­ tenary Committee of New York Yearly Meeting, about smoke jumpers crowded out war ers, and relishing the camaraderie they and on the FluENDs JouRNAL Board ofManager s. Her late husband, Ant.one G. Singsen, was in CPS news in Spokane where CPS men were found. They learned uncommon skills. for two years, the second year as a project foreman admired for doing a hard job. Roy Simon called CPS a "spiritually at Big Flats, New York. We asked the NYYM men questions uplifting and educational experience"

22 January 1992 FRIENDS JOURNAL about which he had no regrets. He another, to exposure to Quakers in CPS, his duty to work for peace by volunteer­ learned French by reading Balzac's Pere where all but one of them had been ing his time to the AFSC. After the war, Goriot with the help of a French-English assigned to camps administered by the Roy Simon discovered his old job in dictionary while lying in bed during the American Friends Service Committee. auto accessories was not satisfying him. acute stage of a disease deliberately con­ esponding to the Questions about Wanting to help people, he worked for tracted in one of the experiments at the impact of the CPS experience, a number of non-profit organizations in Byberry . Roger Way learned to drive a Rand their interest and commit­ the health field, in church fund raising, team of horses at a Maryland state for­ ment to the peace movement in the post­ and in teaching. He feels obligated to estry nursery, and told of marching World War II world, they said they did work for peace, though he says he is not the big Belgians down the main street of indeed feel a continuing commitment to an activist. Willard Gaeddart says he the town. Walter Haines was taught to their ideals. Carroll Garner put the ex­ gained valuable experience in CPS that cut down trees and drive caterpillar trac­ perience behind him; it was 15 years or was applicable in his professional life as tors. He also had some nurse's training later, during Vietnam War days, before a teacher, as when he discovered how to at Alexian Brothers Hospital in Chicago, any reaction set in. At that time he be­ deal with institutional administrations which he found especially valuable in came a draft counselor at his meeting. by serving as a CPS camp director. CPS later life. When John Nicholson began his teach­ changed his life. Mentioning Joshua, he Asa Watkins's new skills included kill­ ing career, he talked with students about said, "As for me and my family, we will ing and cooking rattlesnakes at Buck the power of nonviolence. When they follow the Lord." He has been active Creek, North Carolina, and caring for asked in the context of Vietnam, "Why ever since. 100 cattle on a wild trip to Poland, while not go to Canada?" he saw that course imilarly, Robert Turner thought John Nicholson had a crash course in was an evasion. He expressed admira­ CPS experience and the decision to double-clutching a camp truck while tion for the way AFSC, during World Stake the pacifist position had an ef­ driving down from the top of a Colo­ War II, moved to serve young men by fect on his entire life. Soon after release rado mountain. Willard Gaeddart listed administering CPS camps; he felt that he accepted a summer AFSC appoint­ the variety of backgrounds of the resi­ they had met a real need, and quickly. ment in Iowa helping organize a gather­ dents of his Mennonite camp, where Je­ Walter Haines said that while CPS ing of young people. He speaks of dis­ hovah's Witnesses, Doukhobors, House changed none of his views, it deepened covering that he could oppose a policy, of David jazz players, and protesters them, did change his life, and made him yet separate it from the individual who against all authority mingled with the want to become a Friend. He contributes favored it, easing his relationship with local Mennonites. When Robert Turner to peace programs but does not consider people with whom he disagreed. His was assigned to a training school for the himself an activist. He views present work in art and teaching recalls CPS. mentally deficient in Maine, he felt peace, humanitarian, and ecological serv­ The Friends meeting in Alfred is his cur­ close to the worker-patients, like the 18- ice as cut from the same cloth as CPS. rent space for action, but he has long to 20-year-old with Down's syndrome Asa Watkins told tales of post-CPS worked on the Alfred University cam­ whose company he enjoyed and re­ misadventures on a victory ship out of pus concerning peace issues, e_specially spected. He found that the physicali­ Newport News bound for Poland with during the Vietnam War. He is strength­ ty of the work with patients and in the a load of heifers in the hold. His career ened by the Quaker process, and adds, forestry camp helped him choose pot­ tery over painting as a career. John Page 22, top: CPS workers at Big Brush thought worthy his 34 months Flats, N.Y. helping with research at the Iowa State Bottom (left to College Experiment Station in Ames, right): Walter where he and 40 others CPS assignees Haines, Asa formed a labor pool to carry on the proj­ Watkins, John Nicholson, and Roy ects of the regular staff members. He Simon at New York learned to drive tractors, plowed and Yearly Meeting, harvested corn, and worked on a bee 1991. farm. Wages were paid by Iowa State Left: Cutting wood for their services but the men never saw at Big Flats. the money, which went to the U.S. Treas­ ury. He felt he was doing something use­ ful, but regretted that he could not do relief and reconstruction work in a war zone. plans were shaped by CPS experience "It is indicative of the long-term effects None of the men reported difficulty when AFSC gave Asa a scholarship to of CPS involvement that ever since, Sue, in deciding to become conscientious ob­ study art in New York City. His 26 years my wife, and I have directed all the in­ jectors and none experienced serious teaching art to handicapped, emotional­ come we could each year to peace and problems with their draft boards. Al­ ly disturbed, and retarded children in a related efforts, as, perhaps, have many though nearly all had helpful church Newark public school came about be­ others." connections, only three were Quakers at cause the board of education there Robert Blanc also continued in the the time they entered CPS. The others learned he had worked for four years in peace movement through the years since felt they owed their later membership in a mental institution in CPS. Since retire­ World War II, working with SANE, the Society of Friends, in one way or ment Asa has fulfilled what he felt was Manhasset Friends Meeting, and AFSC.

FRIENDS JOURNAL January 1992 23 He says, ''The way to peace is through where there were no newspapers and he opportunity to serve people. Of course, peace work." John Brush observes that was isolated from the war. He learned George Fox ended up in prison. I'd feel his personal preference is to live in a way about the Nazi atrocities against Jews my life had been somewhat wasted, cut that does not contribute to conflict or from some Jewish refugees he met in off from opportunity.'' Carroll Garner war, although he has demonstrated and New York City after the war. Carroll added, "There's no doubt I'd be a CO marched with groups at times of crisis. now wonders whether he would have again. But I'm not sure I would be able It is important to uphold certain prin­ been so opposed to the war if he had to make the decision to go to prison if ciples, he says, and CPS was meaningful known about the horror of the Holo­ it meant I couldn't do good outside for that reason. Glenn Mallison believes caust. Glenn Mallison continued his in­ somewhere. I can understand not coop­ CPS turned around his life. As a "run­ terest in peace groups, especially after erating with the government, though.'' of-the-mill Baptist" in a small city in his retirement, but has changed some of hen asked about the impact of New York state, he had no contact with his views. For him, now, accepting the CPS on their families, most of Quakers. He spent two teen-age sum­ status of conscientious objector and go­ Wthe men answered that their mers at a Baptist camp for young peo­ ing to a camp would be wrong. He sees families were supportive. Carroll Garner's ple thinking about the upcoming draft that as cooperating with the military, future wife wrote to him a couple of and deciding to be a CO. He looked for­ and thinks now that to be a nonregis­ times a week while she was at Earlham. ward to meeting Quakers at the CPS trant would be defensible. Asa Watkins Later she served on the staff of a CPS camps in Royalston, Massachusetts, has swung around to that view, also. camp. While they were not militarists, where he was assigned in 1941, but was During the Gulf War he trained with his family did not understand his views. less than admiring of the arguments he However, they did not oppose what he heard, "almost enough to send a man was doing. Asa Watkins was sure his to volunteer for the marines." Later ex­ father, who died when he was 15, would perience reinforced his early decisions. have agreed with his position. He was In the summer of 1946 he boarded a cat­ supported by his uncle and other mem­ tle boat in Newport News bound for bers of his family. Glenn Mallison's fam­ Germany. His first view of the devasta­ ily neither supported nor opposed him. tion of war came at Bremerhaven where Two of his brothers went into the mili­ in block after block there were no tary. On the other hand, John Brush's buildings standing. parents supported his ideas, but they Roy Simon said that "knowing [12,000] u were missionaries in India, and he did fellows around the country were doing ~ not see them from 1939 to 1946. John's the same thing made me feel a little ~ wife, Miriam, was fully in support of his easier.'' Caroll Garner spent his CPS ~ CO position, he said. Robert Blanc's years in an AFSC project in Mexico, ~ parents learned of his views when, at age 15, he left the military academy he was attending. His father volunteered his services to the government, and Robert was assigned to North Africa. The fami­ ly was convinced of Robert's sincerity, and his wife's views coincided with his own. According to their words on tape, the twelve men who shared their recollec­ tions at Silver Bay were independent in­ dividuals who came to their beliefs without outside pressure. In the camps, in detached service as attendants in Pennsylvania mental hospital wards, while smoke-jumping in Montana, or weeding the seedlings at Big Flats, New York, during long summer hours, they From top: Mealtime at Weeping Water Camp talked with each other endlessly, ex­ in Nebraska; CPS firefighters at work; Bob Gray receives an injection during a medical plaining their own ideas and listening to experiment at Welfare Island, N. Y. the views of others. It is easy to believe that aspects of CPS brought benefit to other draft counselors at AFSC. "I these men and through them to their simply said to the young men, 'If I were families and communities. Brought to­ your age and facing registration, I'd gether by principle, they tell us very refuse to register.' " clearly on the tapes how, during those Not all the men agreed with Glenn and unique CPS years and in the 46 years Asa. Roy Simon said, "The way I feel since the war ended, they have con­ about the act of failing to register is, you tinued trying to carry out their principles end up in prison and you don't have an in effective action. 0

24 January 1992 FRIENDs JoURNAL ACPSMEMOffi On Ed and Monette Thatcher's jointly cut was the same which Tex and wedding day in June 1943, Ed was I had made together that morning. a cook in the CPS camp on the I remember the Texas style squares Agronomy Farm in Iowa State which Tex called. He was an experi­ College in Ames, Iowa. -Eds. enced party arranger and socially gifted Our Friend. It was a merry evening of reached the kitchen about six square dancing. In addition to the CPS o'clock that morning. I started a men and Friends, the guests were wives I fire in the kitchen cooking stove and female followers from the Ames with dry corn cobs for kindling; then Methodist church, whose pastor was a with more soft coal and cobs brought Wedding very sympathetic supporter of the gen­ to life the fire in the big stove used as erally unpopular CO position. the overnight space heater and for There was also a party of student warming our men while they ate. After friends which had been planned prior breakfast Tex (Friend Olcutt Sanders), Day to the wedding arrangements. It in­ the full-time head cook, began compil­ cluded black students, then from a ing the day's menus. I washed the decidedly distinct and socially under­ breakfast dishes. privileged campus minority. At that Tex said we were having a special time in Iowa black students were not celebration party with the Friends of recognized for either social or athletic Ames Meeting that evening in town. abilities, nor was it usual for them to He would make a layer cake and I be present in such exclusive living or­ should make the icing. For my first at­ ganizations as sorority houses. We wel­ tempt at cake icing I followed the reci­ comed them to join our party. It was pe Tex gave me. After I had finished a summer evening where the guests, all the icing and breakfast clean-up, I hastily invited, came from several mi­ headed on foot for Monette's apart­ nority groups: Quakers, COs, their ment in Ames, two miles distant. From sympathizers, and blacks. All ap­ campus town we took an Ames city parently enjoyed the dancing and the bus to the central business district, cake. Certainly the couple who provid­ several miles eastward. There we ed the excuse for the occasion did. Tex shopped for corsages, one for Betty, and the CPS men started our marriage the bride's attendant, another for off with a whirl, on the right footing. Monette's hometown musician friend, The two principals who provided the Mina. We bought a gorgeous yellow excuse for the first major social event begonia for Monette to wear in her in the life of the CPS unit at Ames are hair. We picked up a hasty lunch, met still entertaining together. The surviv­ Mina's train and returned to campus ing members of the Agronomy Farm town. Monette and Mina dressed for By Edward P. Thatcher unit are still scheduling periodic re­ the wedding at a nearby room in which unions. Unfortunately, they have been Mina was to stay the night. I bathed wedding that same day. Pastor Bar­ without Byron Thomas, unit director, in Monette's apartment. low, with some advance persuasion, and Olcutt Sanders, the caller, without The men of the Agronomy Farm had approved our request to say part wedding cakes and squares; but they were expected at the ceremony at the of our vows, the words strictly dictated are still with Friends and many of the Presbyterian church just outside the by the Presbyterian faith. Betty, the same partners. Iowa State College gates. With Bayne bride's attendant, was the education Mterword and Dick, my best man, I walked across pastor at this church. She had been in Some COs spent five years and more campus to the church, barely arriving a similar campus church position at the in community work, soil conservation, on time. Monette and Mina were al­ University of Minnesota, where several forestry, in physical and mental hospi­ ready there. years earlier, and before CPS, Monette tals, clinics, volunteering for medical Mina played "Clare de Lune" and and I had first become acquainted. experiments. Often our work seemed then the wedding march. The church The wedding reception was held in of low importance to us. Now I view windows had enormous baskets of pe­ a sorority house tended for the sum­ it from a different perspective: it was onies remaining from an afternoon mer by the wife of a CPS fellow. I had a personal sacrifice and a test for been kept innocent of whatever plan­ peace. The unpleasant memories are Edward Thatcher was in CPS in Powellsville, ning went on between the camp direc­ gone. Friendships, the humorous ex­ Maryland, and Ames, Iowa,from 1943-1946. He tor, Byron Thomas, and Ames Friends periences, and spiritual gains remain. is a retired professor ofbiology at the Universi­ ty ofOregon and is a member ofEugene (Oreg.) who attended the ceremony and the For CPS men and their wives these Meeting. His article appeared in Friends Bulletin reception. It was a complete surprise shared experiences of service were a June 1990. that the wedding cake Monette and I large part of our love and marriage.O

FRIENDS JouRNAL January 1992 25 A Letter from El Salvador

and in the words unspoken. Within such an environment one is at times overwhelmed by the contradiction in human experiences. In a campesino community plagued by poverty and pain, one finds a wealth of generosity and compassion for one's neighbor. Likewise, in an orphanage filled with children who have witnessed the death of their families, one finds people filled with hope and goodwill. Pulled by these extremes, I have had a full-and long to be remembered-few weeks. Perhaps the best way to share my ex­ perience of life here is to select a few days that, when pieced together, provide a brief vignette of life. Wednesday: After several days of eager anticipation, I arrived at my new home. The greeting party consisted of twenty 3-5-year-olds who took great interest in the blond­ haired giant whose 220-pound body devoured the pre-schooler chair at the end of their lunch table. Como se llama? ("What is your name?") was a question that filled the next half hour. (Each 3-year-old wanted to ask his own question-and a group answer didn't seem to count.) Soon my initial greeting party was joined by older children who wanted to know where I was from, why I was there, how long I was staying, did I have children, and did I like basketball? This initial conversation was then followed by a close examination of my beard and hairy arms by the children, who decid­ by Henry Freeman ed to take turns sitting on my lap. Dinner was followed by a procession es, the war-and the questions down the walk to an underpass leading of security that radiate from it­ to a covered area set aside for washing Yrest heavy on life here. While not clothes. Filled with large concrete vats always apparent, they are always present of water, and numerous clothes lines, below the surface, between the lines, the lavanderia is one of several centers of life and activity in the community. Henry B. Freeman is vice president for institutional Having been entrusted with a key, one advancement at Earlham College. Having previ­ ously made jive trips to Central America, he is cur­ of the ten-year-old "leaders" in the rently on a one-year leave of absence from community aggressively attacked the lit­ Earlham while living in El Salvador with displaced tle lock on a six-by-ten-foot plywood and orphaned children and working under spon­ room in the corner. As some of the older sorship ofthese Quaker organizations: Ohio Valley girls took a break from washing clothes, Yearly Meeting; Clear Creek and First Friends Meetings, Richmond, Indiana; and Ann Arbor I entered my new home- a place that at (Mich.) Meeting. first glance closely resembled the South

26 January 1992 FRIENDS JOURNAL African "shanties" set up by students The silence clearly brought forth the road; one hour of " pushing-the-truck" on the Yale, Michigan, and Earlham fact that underneath the laughter lay a road, and an hour of walking. campuses! While furnishings were sparse tender wound brought on by years of At the end of our journey was a small -a bed and a pre-schooler-size chair­ war and suffering. Too many people in campesino community in an area of the the excitement and friendliness of the the bus had, over the years, been tor­ country where most of the people were children made me realize I could ask for tured-or witnessed the killing of their forced to flee at the height of the war. no better place to live. Indeed, it was families-to allow the laughter to con­ As in many parts of El Salvador, these difficult to convey how privileged I felt tinue. Have no doubt, I was scared. people recently left the refugee camps to be here. Soon the car blocking the road pulled and, in spite of the danger, were return­ forward and the truck filled with sol­ ing to their community and trying to Thursday: diers went on its way. Within moments rebuild their lives. This particular com­ Life in El Salvador begins with the 4:00 life returned to the bus and people chat­ munity was deep in country controlled a.m. wake-up calls of the many roosters ted away about the day ahead and the by rebel forces-an area where the who reside in the city and countryside. fact that the "grapes" were obviously military occasionally sends in troops but For me, the morning also began with the the best team. has no permanent presence. distant sound of helicopters and gun­ This was not an experience that would Sitting under a group of shade trees, fire-noises, I was told, I would simply be remembered by the Salvadorans on we talked with community leaders about get used to as time passed. their needs. In typical Salvadoran fash­ After a cold shower, I joined the ion, they extended hospitality far be­ children for a 6:00a.m. breakfast con­ yond their means. (Chicken for dinner sisting of rice, beans, a roll, cheese, and was a rare and special treat.) It is hoped hot, sugar-sweetened milk. Recogniz­ that in some small way, the church can ing that I was now part of a community provide support, such as beehives, seed, where each individual did his/ her own etc., for several projects that will help work, I soon learned how to wash my this struggling community survive. dishes. I then joined Hector and a few While much could be said about the other new friends for a conversation day, it was the evening that remains in about "life"-an all-encompassing word my heart. With the seven of us divided that covers the spectrum of things that between families, I was the welcomed children everywhere want to talk about. guest of an elderly couple whose house­ Thursday was a special day. I and hold consists of a handful of chickens, numerous others gathered at the church five or six turkeys (including a gigantic and began loading the three old school -and very testy-gobler), and four buses that would take us on our 40-mile small children. Having been given use of journey to a beach. The mood was play­ a hammock and provided with a sheet ful and, in good church outing fashion, for armament against the mosquitos, I everyone was divided into teams. (I was soon found myself drifting off to sleep. a "grape," an arch enemy of the "ap­ When the oil lamp was extinguished, the ples," who were delegated to a neighbor­ only light available in the one-room ing bus.) house was from a small fire in the mud As I sat in the bus, I learned about stove used for cooking. As shadows the day ahead-soccer, swimming, and silently roamed about the room, every­ plenty of food. People were clearly ex­ thing was quiet except for the occasional cited as they entered into all the rituals A countryside scene (left) and children in the peep of a chicken. associated with such occasions. (Flirt­ orphanage (above) in El Salvador After several minutes I looked up to ing, playing keep-away with one of the see a form making its way across the teenager's hats, etc.) the bus. It was, however, a brief mo­ room. Soon standing before me was an As might be expected, the pastor quiet­ ment that provided insight into the levels old woman with a candle, which she ed the group for a prayer before the on which life is lived in this country. It placed on the little table beside my ham­ buses started their engines for the trip. was, indeed, an innocent moment I will mock. As she stood above me, the old In his prayer he thanked God for life, never forget. woman began to talk. It was quite clear friendship, and community. When the she was in search of a listening ear-a pastor finished leading us in prayer, I Friday-Saturday: person to hear her life story. expected the laughter to start up again. As promised, the pickup truck was At some level we all know pain has It did not. ready to go at 6:00 a.m. Choosing to a language of its own. Perhaps for this When I looked up, all I saw were si­ join three others in the back, I had a reason it mattered little that I caught on­ lent, motionless faces. The cause of the perfect view for the five-hour journey. ly glimpses of the words she spoke. As sudden change was apparent. Beside the Needless to say, I also became well ac­ the old woman lifted her arms and bus, no more than three feet from me, quainted with the numerous potholes formed the imaginary gun that was used was a large truck that covered the en­ that plague even the best of Salvadoran to kill her children, there was nothing tire length of the bus. Inside the truck roads! The trip is best described as fol­ I could do. were soldiers, guns in hand, staring in lows: one hour of highway; one hour of " I understand, I understand," was all the windows. No one moved. road; one hour of "four-wheel-drive" I could say. 0

F'RIENDS JOURNAL January 1992 27 The 1991 lntematlonal Nonviolence hlnlng Conference by Lynne Shivers Peace Corps worker was walk­ ing down a path near the village A where he lived in Thailand. A dog suddenly appeared, biting the man. After some struggle, the volunteer final­ ly pushed the dog away and asked a Thai woman for help. She responded by laughing. Even when the man from the United States explained the seriousness of the wound and his fear about rabies, the woman did not seem to take the emergency seriously. Was the woman truly indifferent to his situation, or was something else shaping her response? The trainer who presented this vignette as a role-playing exercise in a workshop on nonviolence explained that in Asia (as elsewhere), laughter does not always mean light- ~ heartedness. Rather, it sometimes in- ill dicates people do not know how to re­ spond to difficult situations, so they re­ spond by laughing. This was only one example of how conflict can arise when people from dif­ De Weyst Conference Center ferent cultures respond in ways that can cause cross-cultural misunderstanding. The conference was held July 19-26 the monastery's large, beautiful vege­ In the workshop, nonviolence trainers at De Weyst (" the ark") Conference table garden, and the inner courtyard from 26 cultures (not countries) ex­ Center in southern Holland. It was co­ was full of wildflowers left to grow on plored many such situations, and en­ sponsored by War Resisters Interna­ their own. Swallows entertained us with countered some of our own. The topic tional, the International Fellowship of their acrobatic flying. was "Nonviolence Training in Cross­ Reconciliation, Peace Brigades Interna­ onviolence training is the not­ Cultural Settings." As the week pro­ tional, and the International Network of very-precise term that refers to gressed, some of us were more success- Engaged Buddhists. It was the fourth in­ N methods that apply principles of ful than we expected, and some of us ternational nonviolence training confer­ nonviolence to conflict situations. In the were less successful than we had hoped. ence since the first one was held in Italy United States, nonviolence training has But all of us were humbled and enriched in 1965. We were charmed by the setting its roots in the Civil Rights Movement, by the experiences. of the De Weyst Center. Once a though elements of training appeared in monastery, it is now part of the Com­ the Indian independence movement, led Lynne Shivers is a member ofCentral Philadelphia (Po.) Meeting. She has lived and worked in North­ munity of the Ark, a network estab­ by Gandhi. In the United States, non­ ern Ireland and has devoted much of her life to lished by Lanzo del Vasto. When we violence training deals with such issues peace and nonviolence work. were there, a variety of flowers bordered as peace-keeping, teaching children ways

28 January 1992 FJuENDS JOURNAL to deal with conflict, running prison I asked my partner what he wanted to down one fear they had and read it to workshops, dealing with conflicts within draw, and he said, "a train." So we each other. Eventually the group would groups, and helping groups plan actions created a scene of a station, track, train, write all the fears on a wall chart and and nonviolent demonstrations. trees, children, and birds. The exercise identify the most common fear, as well Many of those areas of expertise were had more parts to it, but the trainer as listing all the others in order of priori­ represented by participants at this con­ asked us how each exercise felt. I said ty. The trainer then changed the focus ference, giving rise to at least 30 work­ I was disappointed my partner did not by asking people to remember a time shops. Three were especially moving for ask me what I wanted to draw. After when they were afraid, but overcame the me. Narayan Desai, son of Mahadev other people reflected, the trainer ex­ fear. Finally, the group would decide to Desai (Gandhi's secretary for many plained that the teenagers she works participate together in one agreed-upon years) and the senior trainer with the with on Middle East issues immediately social action, even if very small, such as most experience (40 years), led a work­ understand the analogies between the leafletting. Through this progression of shop on attitude change. He asked all simple exercises and the social conflicts events, people were tremendously em­ of us to respond to three questions: they live in. powered by the combination of analysis What are the attitudes we should change? imilarly, workshops other train­ and action. How do we change them? What are ers had designed arose from con­ In the rest of our conference, we used useful tools for changing them? S ditions they faced in their own two evenings to enjoy dances, songs, After we all listened to each other and cultures. Another example of this was games, and other entertainment. A responded out of our own experience, a workshop created by a Chilean trainer South African trainer taught us a free­ Narayan also shared. He sees that life to help people examine fear and figure dom song, and a Scottish trainer taught is part of a big harmony-with self, out ways to overcome it. In an abbre- us an easy dance and tune. A Filipina society, and nature, and violence is a disturbance of that harmony. The atti­ tudes we need to change are the preju­ dices of our own separate cultures, es­ pecially anger, jealousy, possessiveness, and domination. The Hindu perspective explains that vices are shadows of vir­ tues. For example, fear comes from the value of self-protection, and possessive­ ness is a shadow of love. Thus, non­ violence training can be seen as trying to draw out of people their best quali­ ties, potential, and genius. Some tools we can use to facilitate changes in at­ titude are listening, affirming, maintain­ ing silence, keeping vows, living in com: munity, sharing voluntary suffering with others, and holding daily evaluations of our work. An Israeli trainer who works with Palestinian and Israeli teenagers demon­ strated one training tool she uses to help people communicate about the social conflict of which they are a part. We formed pairs and were given three blank From left: Narayan Desai spins thread during a workshop; a roleplay explores cultural differences. sheets of paper. The trainer led us through three exercises: First, both peo­ viated version of the actual workshop, trainer taught us a short exercise called ple draw on the paper but are not al­ the trainer demonstrated how partici­ "COCONUT," during which people lowed to talk about the drawing. My pants would be greeted warmly and form the letters with their bodies, while partner kept asking me about the draw­ asked to share why they came. The singing the names of the letters to the ing, and I repeated the instructions. We trainer then asked everyone to describe tune of "London Bridge." ended up with meaningless swiggles. "What is the daily news that makes me We gradually became aware that cul­ Second, both people were instructed afraid?" (Note that the question was tural differences are sometimes so pro­ to draw on the paper, but only up to the not, " What makes me afraid?" which found that understanding is possible on­ line that bisected the paper. Again, we might elicit defensive responses.) Then ly with a great deal of careful work. This were not permitted to talk about the people were led in simple physical exer­ may be an obvious truism, but its truth drawing. My partner often did not draw cises, focusing on breathing and walk­ seems more real and immediate to those up to the border, so our lines were usual­ ing, as a way to control fear. who struggled during the conference to ly unconnected. By now, I was pretty At the next meeting, participants understand each other. I realized that frustrated. would hold hands in a circle and con­ cultural differences are deep-felt, be­ Third, we were told that we could tinue sharing about news that made cause they are based on different life ex­ both draw and talk about the drawing. them fearful. Then participants wrote periences. When others' experiences are

F'RrnNDS JOURNAL January 1992 29 Southern Hemisphere stated that they wanted to have more time to meet sepa­ )]ll1)1,!!, rately. After they said this for the third A QUAKER CENTER time, George Lakey, from the United ~-:::::f/;::~~ for Rest, Reflection, & States, asked, " Why have we not heard ' 7 Renewal on 110 acres this request from the Third World train­ ~ooLMAN ~'"" of farm & woodlands. ers?" We immediately went into sepa­ Ideal for personal, group, rate meetings and had a lot to say to & Friends Meeting Retreats each other. People had many strong !A INI(lJ)~1i'(lJ)~DINI\® jgiNI'fD~©INI~jgiNI1i' feelings and confused ideas, but since we all had experience in meeting conflicts and had grown to trust each other, we write~ Keets Road had the fortitude and confidence to or .. Deerfield. MA 01342 call · . -· (413) 774-3431 work through things. Because trainers from the Southern Hemisphere had not had much oppor­ tunity to build a network among them­ -----GFS--- Peter Woodrow explains conflict resolution selves, they decided to hold another in­ theory. ternational conference only for trainers "Behold I have set before thee from their areas in the winter of 1993. And other regional groupings of trainers an open door. .. " extremely different from our own lives, it takes more work to understand each made similar decisions. GERMANTOWN FRIENDS other. The next morning, one Chilean train­ As nonviolence trainers, we needed to er summarized: "We have undergone an SCHOOL understand each other's experiences and experience of nonviolence at the con­ Philadelphia, PA respect them. One morning, we listed ference that illumined all of us. We had do's and don't's in various cultures. A a split, but we did not divide.'' A French Eleanor M. Elkin ton few examples: trainer added, ". . . because we love Director of Admission and Financial Aid • Soviets said there is a mixed attitude each other." Both statements were true. (215) 951-2346 in their society toward violence. Some­ We realized once again that the strength times it is even admired. of nonviolence comes not only from the • Thais said people should not speak commitment to the ideals but from the with disrespect toward the royal family. strength to overcome fears and face con­ • A trainer from Northern Ireland said flicts actively, as well as nonviolently. Subscribe to nonviolent action there is common, but One closing exercise was especially A Friendly Letter. Get hidden. memorable. The organizers had asked • Taiwan has a different culture from everyone to bring a small gift to give ten exciting back issues-free! China. someone. The gift was to represent a Now, with a subscription to A Friendly Letter, you can • Ways of telling time in India and positive element of our culture. (Four have ten of its 100-plus searching, crisply written reports U.S. trainers each brought maple syr­ on key Quaker issues and events-a $15 value-free. Brazil are very different from the way Pick from the back issue list sent with your first issue. people in the United States tell time. up!) We were instructed to hold our gift Many of these reports have been the first-and some • ... and dozens more! and mill around, finding someone to ex­ the only-coverage of these important topics. Few Quaker publications have caused as much talk and con­ e asked ourselves, how can change gifts with. But as long as the troversy per page as A Friendly Letter since it first ap­ trainers, and everyone else, music played, we had to keep on mill­ peared in 1981 . Read it and see why. A year's subscrip­ tion (12 issues) is $17.95; sample copies free from A W learn about other cultures ex­ ing and exchanging gifts. I had a lesson Friendly Letter, P.O. Box 1361, Dept. FJ-6, Falls Church, cept by experiencing them? Are we in " non-attachment" when a beautiful VA 22041. trapped by our own experiences and Ecuadoran scarf left my hands. But I own cultures? In our conference group, was delighted when the music stopped, listening very carefully, sharing non­ and in my hands were a salad server fork FRIENDS Small classes, strong violence training tools to help people and spoon made in Thailand from co­ academics in a deal with violence in their own cultures, conut shell. And a French trainer was SELECf supportive, caring and leading songs and games, all re­ delighted to receive my gift of maple environment syrup. SCHOOL emphasizing Quaker duced the cultural distances among us. values. Near the end of the conference, we The conference was a major event in realized we had not faced squarely the the growth of nonviolence training • Pre-K thru 12th most basic conflict among us: Trainers around the world. We learned some­ Day School from the Southern Hemisphere, which thing about the depth of our differences, e • After School Program includes many of the poorer nations, see but we also created the personal connec­ • Summer Day Camp things very differently than do trainers tions that bind us to each other and 17th & the Parkway from the Northern Hemisphere. In a ses­ sometimes help us discover paths through Philadelphia, PA sion near the end of the week, in which the differences. The conference was a (215) 561-5900 we explored various forms of follow-up profound learning experience in the to the conference, trainers from the power of nonviolence. 0

30 January 1992 FRIENDS JOURNAL Reports

Missouri Valley Friends Conference Eighty Friends, whose homes are scattered across four states, gathered Sept. 27-29 at Chihowa Retreat Center near Lawrence, Kansas. Vinton Deming, editor-manager of FRIENDS JouRNAL, was the resource person. "The Unique Drama of a Spiritual Journey" was the conference theme. Most attenders were from small meetings and worship groups, ranging from such places as Columbia, Kansas City, and Springfield in Missouri, to Lawrence, Manhattan, Wichita, and Topeka in Kansas. For a few, the annual conference is their only connection with Quakerism. A majority are "'"' "convinced" Friends. e"'c The business of the MVFC was handled !l c within an hour or so on Saturday afternoon. ·~ During the rest of the time, activity was c about equally divided among plenary ses­ 8 ~------~ sions with Vint Deming, worship-fellowship conferences during 1992. my. Probably the biggest impact we have on groups, special interests, and recreation. The New Call is intended to be not another ourselves and those around us is decisions There was a planned program for children organization, but a grass roots movement we make about how we earn and spend our of all ages. The miracle of MVFC is that it within our existing structures. Its form and money. Peacemaking must be integral to thrives with minimal ongoing organization thrust will therefore likely evolve and change these decisions. As our environment becomes or structure. with time, experience, and broader wisdom. more stressed, more people in this world will The 1992 conference will likely be held The following elements are important to New be pushed to desperate and often violent ac­ again in late September at Camp Chihowa. Call at this time and will shape our work tions to stay alive. Caring for our earth is Jim Waters, of Topeka, is the new clerk. together: an essential act of peacemaking. John and Reva Griffith, of Kansas City, All are called to be peacemakers. New Call Peacemaking requires of us and leads us have long been guiding spirits in these an­ is addressing itself first to our own denomi­ to community. Community is what will give nual "happenings." national families in North America, but our us the strength and ability to make the hard Wilmer Tjossem assumption is that the call we feel is univer­ changes to which we are called, and greater sal. We have a two-fold duty to respond to community will be the fruit of these changes. and live consistently with the call we feel and We all have a next step as peacemakers, New Call to Peacemaking to help others feel and respond to the call. and we can most effectively take that step Being Revived Peacemaking is unavoidably spiritual. It with the guidance and support of others. Re­ arises from and touches the essence of who gardless of how we now live, what we now The New Call to Peacemaking took shape we are and what we believe, and it requires do as peacemakers in this world, there is in the mid-1970s as a reaffirmation, in the of us transformation of who we are and how deeper and fuller obedience to which we are wake of the Vietnam War, of our commit­ we live. This transformation requires a deep called. We are given each other to help open ment to a life of Christian pacifism, and to inner security that is the fruit of spiritual our eyes and to help overcome our fears. our task of. transforming the world through discipline and religious community. Convenor of the New Call Steering Com­ love and service into the peaceable kingdom. The Bible is our friend. The call we feel mittee will be Douglas Cox, a member of The political and military events of this past today is consistent with biblical tradition and Putney (Vt.) Meeting. Other Quaker mem­ year have served as a reminder that we are Christian principles. It is important to take bers of the Steering Committee are Stan still called to this task and that there is still and use all the strength and wisdom our tra­ Thornburg, of Northwest Yearly Meeting much to be done. ditions can give us. That is what they are (Evangelical Friends International); Mary At the urging of the gathering of the his­ there for. Fyfe, of Illinois Yearly Meeting (Friends toric peace churches in October 1990, New All violence in our world is interrelated. General Conference); and Ben Richmond, of Call is being revived. A steering committee Violence in its many forms-within our­ Indiana Yearly Meeting and staff member of of four Brethren, four Mennonites, and four selves, in our communities, and between Friends United Meeting. Friends (appointed by Friends World Com­ nations- feeds and builds on itself. Peace­ mittee for Consultation) met in May to set making is likewise interrelated; making peace Douglas C. Cox the initial direction for the movement and in any way responds to all violence. We will has drafted the accompanying call. A part­ be called to peacemaking in different areas The part-time national coordinator, John time national coordinator, John Stoner, be­ and different ways, and all our efforts are Stoner, can be reached at P.O. Box 500, gan work in September. Current plans in­ part of the process of healing the whole. Akron, PA 17501-0500, telephone (717) clude a newsletter for high school students, Peacemaking requires looking at our rela­ 859-3388. a workbook for local groups, and regional tionships to our environment and our econo-

FRIENDS JouRNAL January 1992 31 Then and Now CPS Men in the AFSC

o our knowledge, no list has ever Robert 0. Byrd Wesley Huss Walker Sandbach been compiled of the names of CPS Harold Carson Paul Johnson Charles Sanders T men who were later employed by the Stephen Cary Bill Kriebel Olcutt Sanders American Friends Service Committee. Bill Channel Paul Lappala Lou Schneider What follows is as full a list as we could Spencer Coxe Bob Lyon J. Lloyd Spaulding put together after consultation with AFSC Hurford Crosman Ed Meyerding Edwin (Red) Stephenson and others. Our thanks, in particular, to Russell Curtis Larry Miller David Swift Leonard Kenworthy for his many calls and J. Henry Dasenbrock George Mohlenhoff Steve Thiermann letters and for his assistance. We invite Hiram Doty John Musgrave, Jr. Matt Thomson others to submit names we have omitted Earle Edwards Win Osborne Wilmer Tjossem and will publish a more complete list at Carroll S. Feagins Marshall Palley Russell Tuttle another time. -Eds. Nelson Fuson Ed Peacock Bob Vogel Austin Gauge! Kelly Peckham David Walden Horace Autenrieth Cal Geiger Tom Potts Huston Westover Allen Bacon Bob Gray Harry Prochaska John Willard Harry Bailey Neil Hartman Charles Read Ellis Williams Lloyd Bailey Wilton Hartzler Jim Read George Willoughby Tartt Bell Timothy Haworth Warren Riner Dan Wilson Richard Bennett Barry Hollister G. Richard Ruddell C.H. (Mike) Yarrow Harry Burks Bill Huntington Bob Rumsey Mel Zuck

FCNL Notes Prophetic and Practical

representatives of the Friends Com­ of social sensitivity and the impulses they phetic vtston and practical wisdom . ... mittee on National Legislation, we generate. Moreover, the Committee will not be con­ A ask ourselves-and are occasionally "We have tried to discover the grounds of cerned wholly with achieving immediate re­ asked by others-what motivates and sustains the social responsibility and the social sensi­ sults .... It will have in mind the values staff and committee members to persevere tivity of Friends. It is not in mere obedience which may be gained by the slower processes to our vision of the world in spite of for­ to Bible commands. It is not in anything of interpreting . .. the moral and spiritual midable forces unsympathetic to our goals. earthly. The social concern of Friends is approach to the problems of government and Discovering, rediscovering, nourishing, and grounded in an experience-an experience of law." remaining faithful to the spiritual roots of the love of God .... Social concern is the I find that in the book The Irony ofAmer ­ social/political action are essential as we try dynamic of God at work in the world, made ican History, Reinhold Niebuhr made a pow­ to help mend the world's ills. special and emphatic and unique, particular­ erful statement that illustrates in part what Of course, the genesis and growth of spiri­ ized in each individual or group who is sen­ I believe to be the spirit of the Friends Com­ tual roots in each of us as individuals is sitive and tender in the leading-strings of mittee on National Legislation: "Nothing unique; yet, there are shared experiences and love. A concern is God-initiated, often sur­ that is worth doing can be achieved in a influences that unite us. Dorothy Hutchinson, prising, always holy, for the Life of God is lifetime; therefore, we must be saved by in her pamphlet "Friends and Service," breaking through into the world. Its execu­ hope. Nothing which is true or beautiful or stated that the religious basis of everything · tion is in peace and power and astounding good makes complete sense in any immediate distinctively Quaker is our belief that a God faith and joy.... " context of history; therefore, we are saved of love has endowed every human being with FCNL will observe its 50th anniversary in by faith. Nothing we do, however virtuous, a measure of divine Love, and emphasized 1993. In its first statement of legislative can be accomplished alone; therefore, we that first and foremost, a Quaker concern policy in 1943, the 52 Friends from 15 year­ must be saved by love." requires " prepared individuals," individuals ly meetings agreed that "we as Friends have The spiritual roots of social action? In the who believe that every human personality is a responsibility to contribute as best we may 13th chapter of Corinthians, perhaps Paul sacred and of paramount value. Once a per­ to the shaping of wise and right legislation, distilled it best: faith, hope, and love, and son is prepared and becomes sensitized to . . . and the policy to be followed in pursu­ the greatest of these is love . one concern, that person, she said, inevitably ing those aims ought to be carried out in har­ becomes more sensitive to many other issues. mony with the spirit and practices of Friends Ardith Tjossem Thomas Kelly provides for me a challeng­ as a religious, not a political, body. In ap­ ing and inspiring summary of the grounds proaching the task, we should seek both pro-

32 January 1992 FRIENDS JouRNAL \lTESTTOWN VVSc H o o L Founded in 1799

Tradition with a History

The faces have changed but the Tradition lives on

Westtown Is a Quaker day and boarding school, pre-k through grade 12 For more Information, contact Henry Horne, director of admission Westtown School, Westtown, PA 19395 215/399-0123

FRIENDS J OURNAL January 1992 33 Parents' Comer

Listening in Parenthood by Elisabeth Baer Russell y firstborn son, Joel, arrived l3 months after John and I were mar- iii M ried. As young, inexperienced par- ~ ents, we learned quickly. Infant Joel, in his ,. developmentally egocentric way, made his f demands well-known. Both my husband and ~L------___J I learned that when we listened with the in- tent of distinguishing Joel's cries, we were then slip into an authoritative, evaluative ings in trying to listen and am overwhelmed better able to meet his needs. Joel is older parental role. In this case, my listening by my failure to love. now, and has two siblings, but I still find that becomes judgmental. Love, as an act of the will, is placing parenting involves a great deal of listening When I take time to listen attentively to another's well-being before mine. Love is not to discern the needs of my growing children. my children, I am genuinely present to them, a mushy sentiment; love is a tough commit­ In some ways, the listening is more dif­ affirming that of God within each one and ment put into practice, just as is truly listen­ ficult now. When they were babies, I could allowing illumination of the Inner Light. I ing. I learn most about my children and my­ change a diaper or alter the baby's position learn about who they are and who they hope self when I am centered. Love is hard work; in my arms and rock him or her to sleep. to become. I learn about their fears and their it challenges, humbles, and disciplines me. Once I discerned that the child was uncom­ anxieties, as well as their hopes and joys. At Through the practice of listening, I am dis­ fortable in some way, I took action to reme­ those moments, they are more apt to allow covering the source of love-the Christ with­ dy the situation. By trial and error, my ac­ me to see the fragile underside of their lives. in, who loved us before we came into being. tions soothed the infant. Eventually, I learned It is said that we love because Christ first to read the distressed signs of infancy and A Contemplative Presence loved us (I John 4: 19). This truth, ever so learned how best to ease them. Now that the A contemplative presence involves an ac­ gradually and at times painfully, is being children are older, I no longer have the signs cepting, nonjudgmental, and reverent ap­ made real in my life as a parent. of soiled diapers, the cries of a newborn, or proach to who they are as children of God. even the dreaded temper tantrums of a two­ Often friends of mine identify bedtime as the year-old to tell me of their needs. At times most likely time their children will open up I long for the simplistic caregiving of those to talk to them. I hear them say repeatedly early years. that children who seldom utter more than Response to However, I marvel at how uniquely my two words to parents, upon being tucked into sons and daughter are becoming their own bed, suddenly explode with a dissertation ''Negotiations'' people, regardless of the complexity of grow­ about how their day has been. ing up. How mysterious and awesome each From a child's point of view, bedtime may one is in his and her individual ways! I am be an ideal time to talk with a parent. It is by Harriet Heath repeatedly challenged by the Quaker notion a lull in the busyness of the day; people are he article by Linda Heacock in the of the ever-present sacramental nature of finished with the evening meal and have had November 1991 FluENDS JoURNAL life, which reveals God's love in daily activi­ a chance to settle in. Perhaps a dim and cozy T beautifully describes what we all hope ty. This incites me to watch, to listen, and bedside light helps create the effect of a safe will happen as a result of living our beliefs. to discern divine love within the life of my time for talking, when the child knows a par­ Hannah, the four-year-old-daughter, uncon­ family. ent is more likely to be present to her or him. trollably upset with her best friend, asked to Is it, perhaps, as much a matter of a parent have a meeting for worship. Obviously, she The Rigors of Listening opening up as it is a child opening up? had been taken to meeting. Most likely, she Despite its seemingly passive nature, listen­ From my own experience I know that I am had seen her parents use silence when deal­ ing is very much a rigorous activity. Perhaps more calm while sitting on the edge of my ing with issues in the family. Following her that is one reason why I so frequently fail sons' bunk bed, centering with them, than parents' modeling, Hannah turned to cor­ at it when I'm dealing with my children. Too I am while in the middle of life's daily events. porate silence during her own period of often I am tired or preoccupied or simply Work, household duties, and time for prayer stress. The centering that was used in the lazy, and I fail to give them my full atten­ and study pull me away from being present home was taken over by Hannah when she tion. It's easy to make another mistake when to my children. needed it. Linda Heacock's description gave listening, too. Sometimes, when my children share an important concern, I am all ears and Harriet Heath is a Friend from the Philadelphia, Listening to Oneself Pa., area with many years of work in issues of Elisabeth Boer Russel/lives in Minnesott Beach, Strangely enough, the role of listening as parenting. This is the fourth in a series on Quaker North Carolina, and is in a graduate program on a parent involves vigilance to what goes on values and parenting. FluENDs JOURNAL invites early childhood education at the University of inside of me, as much as listening to my off­ readers to send in letters, comments, and articles North Carolina, Chapel Hill. spring. When quiet, I realize my shortcom- on their experiences in parenting.

34 January 1992 FluENDS JOURNAL all of us a clear example of a young child gaining from having experienced meeting. The situation was also a marvelous oppor­ tunity for parents to observe how their child was resolving conflict. Had these two girls learned methods of conflict resolution that took into consideration the needs and feel­ LIKE TO BROWSE ings of both? For example, many best friends know each has favorite items that are not IN OLD BOOKS shared. Thus, once Hannah collected herself she would recognize that this was a favored &MAGAZINES? item and she could not expect her friend to ... to discover the people, events, share it. Or do these girls have a pattern inventions, times, &c. "run over where one is always giving in to the other? by Progress"? Then you will like Observing how children resolve conflict BUDAY BooKs• VINTAGE READING QUARTERLY,... gives parents the opportunity to decide if they are comfortable with the patterns their We hunt in 19th-century American books, periodicals, &c. for Facts, children are learning, If they are, they can Foibles and Fascinations of the day. Our articles are adaptations, relax. If they are not, there will be many op­ NOT MERELY REPRINTS. They are based on contemporary sources and balanced with modern perspectives. You would think it was a whole portunities in the future to help their children different world then; ah yes, but the more things change . .. learn new methods. For example, if in the case of Hannah, the parents felt she was giv­ Part Two of each issue-a separately-bound AoVERTISERIREPRISE­ ing in to Anna, they might in the next cou­ o~fers . boo~s from our stock, Subscribers' classified ads, vintage ple of days talk about the incident, encourage p1ctonal miscellany, and selected short stories. Together, there are Hannah to express her feelings, and explore over 150pp./issue, 600pp. annually. One year (4 issues)-$25.00. with her other ways of negotiating with An­ ...- Available only from publisher-not sold by agents or stores -.. na. If Anna, being so much older, is very dominant, the parents may even have to help NOW READY: 128-pg. FALL 1991 ISSUE in the negotiation, asking Anna such ques­ WITH SEVEN FULL-LENGTH ARTICLES, INCLUDING: tions as, "How do you think Hannah may • ..All Sorts of Sense except Common Sense." The be feeling?" and "What are all the different Blennerhassetts were happy in their "American Garden of ways you could deal with this issue?" Eden, until one day-Aaron Burr dropped by . .. There are some good books on this kind • A True Tale of Three Sleeping Dragone and Their of problem solving with children, such as the Wide-Awake Cousin (the pride and scourge ofNaples) . following: 11 111 111 1 11 1 11 1 11 1 11 • Teach Your Child Decision Making; An Ef­ Try a 84-pg. ''Sampler''-ftve feature articlee includlug: fective, Eigh(-step Program for Parents to • STORY OF THE THREE BEAilS-as it was llEALLYwritten. Teach Children of All Ages to Solve Every­ • MISSOUili EARTHQUAKE LAw-compassionate response, but . . . day Problems and Make Sound Decisions. • WHEN GoLD TURNED FiuoAY BLACK(l869)-Jay Gould and Jubilee By John Clabby and Maurice Elias. Double­ Jim Fisk schemed to "corner" gold-and they did! day, Garden City, N.Y. , 1987. An excellent book, useful for school-age children. Final section applies problem solving to other areas :VINTAGE) BUDAYBOOKS•VINTAGEREADING :f of life, the child with special needs, school, t•:•: [ EDITOa.lAL OmCES AND PatNnNO PLANT: ;.:. and family life. Good discussion on how to { 1tEADINQ II MARION AVENUE :: GILBERTSVILLE, NEW YORK 13776 t talk to adolescents. ;::::.. QUARTERLY WEldER. COOPEitSTOWN CHAMIER OF COWWElCE .:::: :~:~:~:~:~:~:~:------:::: ::::~:~:~: • Kids Can Cooperate, by Elizabeth Crary. ;:;:;:;:;:;:;:; BUDAY BOOKS • VINTAGE READING HOW TO ORDER :;:;:;:;:;:;:; Parenting Press, Seattle, Wash., 1989. Aims ;:;:;:;:;:;:;:; II Marion Avenue, Gilbertsville, N. Y. 13776 - BB :;:;:;:;:;:;:; at younger children than the Clabby book. ~{~~tt 0 Enclosed ~3.00 f~r my copy of "SAMPLER." If I am not delighted, I will ~~ff) This author has published a number of books ;:;:;:;:;:;:;:; return certtficate tn SAMPLER for full refund. I keep the SAMPLER. :;:;:;:;:;:;:; for parents and children, all by the same ;:;:;:;:;:;:;:; 0 Enclosed $25.00 for one-year subscription. As bonuses, you will include :;:;:;:;:;:;:; company, and worth reading. :;:;:;:;:;:;:;: SAMPLER and coupon for one free classified ad (up to 30 words). ;:;:;:;:;:;:;:

• A Measure of Our Values: Goals and NAME ______Dilemmas in the Upbringing ofChildren , by Michael Rutter. Quaker Home Service, Lon­ ADDilESS ------don, England, 1988. Discusses particular CITY ______STATE _____ZIP ___ dilemmas experienced by Quaker parents in raising children and considers circumstances in society that threaten families and in­ dividual integrity. 0

FRIENDS JOURNAL January 1992 35 News of Friends·

Roger Sturge, a British Friend wbo bas ference of Friends in Kenya. In March 1991 Headmaster Edward M. Jacomo, of Friends taught in Kenya, is the next associate he retired as assistant director of education School in Detroit (FJ October 1991), has secretary of the World Office of Friends and chief advisor to the London Borough of been named one of ten recipients of the World Committee for Consultation. He re­ Harrow. Michigan Outstanding Educator Awards for places Thomas Taylor, who becomes general 1991-1992. The honor carries a $25,000 cash secretary this month, replacing Val Ferguson. Arrested wblle protesting geothermal energy award for each recipient. The award is co- Roger Sturge's involvement with Friends development, Malie (Donna) Sellers, of dates back to his childhood, when his parents Honolulu (Hawaii) Meeting, was found guil­ were active members of the local meeting and ty of trespassing. She was given a choice of his father was general secretary of Friends paying a fme, appealing the judgment, or do­ Service Council. Roger was active with ing community service. She opted for com­ Young Friends and acted as liaison with munity service for fmancial reasons, and she Young Friends in the United States and was assigned to write about the Hawaii rain­ American Friends Service Committee repre­ forest situation for the Malu' Aina Center for sentatives. In 1964-1968, he taught science Nonviolent Action. However, she instead at the Friends School in Kamusinga, Kenya. chose to write about a local U.S. Marine who He was clerk of London Yearly Meeting from became a conscientious objector and refused 1983 to 1987 and has visited and worshiped to go to Saudi Arabia, because she felt that with Friends in South Africa and East and in this way she could help someone else who ... West Germany. He served as clerk of the was also up against government prosecution. -.:~ Epistle Committee of the 1991 World Con- (from The Canadian Friend) Epistle urges racial diversity

Dear Friends, as the culture of those who are convinced. tinually affirm and love themselves, even When this does happen, the inequalities when they face discrimination. Teachers are his epistle reflects the thoughts and and unequal power dynamics of our socie­ influential in our children's lives, and it is feelings of black and white Friends ty are reflected in our meetings, and, in this important that they are aware of these pres­ T who met to celebrate both unity and way, black people are discouraged from sures. They must provide every opportunity diversity within the Society of Friends at fully participating in worship. for children to draw upon and develop their Charney Manor on 30 August to 1 Septem­ We experience isolation, both physical own strengths and talents. We must all ber. We have struggled with the difficult is­ and spiritual, within our meetings. It is not strive to ensure that race is not a barrier sues and questions that are raised by our just a matter of numbers, but without the to our children's success. diversity within the Society. As black, active commitment to promote diversity We must seek ways of making informa­ white, Asian, and mixed-heritage Friends, within the Society of Friends, it will con­ tion about the Society accessible to black we experience these difficulties in different tinue to be difficult to foster a true exper­ people. We need to look honestly and open­ ways. Each of us has something important ience of a spiritual community. ly at the structure of our meetings and seek to say-our own song to sing. We ask Those of us who are white parents in to broaden our experience of other enrich­ Friends to hear what we are saying and to mixed-race families feel enriched by the ex­ ing forms of worship. consider how it relates to their meetings. periences this brings. We deeply value this At present Quakerism in Britain is de­ Those of us who are black Friends opening of our lives. fined by its white members, who invite receive genuine loving support and care We have experienced a wide variety of black and Asian people to share it. If they from our white brothers and sisters in our responses to our families from within the become Friends, the price is their disenfran­ meetings. We now wish to share our Society of Friends, ranging from reciprocal chisement from the black community. perceptions and experiences of being black involvement to serious rejection. However Our Society is often blind to the gifts and members as an agenda to work on together well-meaning, remarks are often patroniz­ richness of other traditions, and this for a new future. ing and sometimes overtly racist. cultural chauvinism impedes its develop­ We recognize and celebrate what we as We call to each individual Friend to re­ ment. Racism within the Society of Friends black, Asian and mixed-heritage Friends examine their own conscience and to be re­ is perhaps more damaging because it is un­ bring to the Society, and, with pride, we ceptive to the gifts of the Spirit that our conscious and springs from stereotyped as­ affirm our rich positive contributions. families bring. We invite you to share with sumptions: "And no harm is meant by it. However, we find spoken and unspoken us the excitement and wealth of experience Harm may be done, but it is never meant." assumptions that because we are black peo­ that we enjoy. (from Family and Friends, by Anita ple we are economically needy, socially As black and white Friends, we recognize Brookner) deprived, culturally disinherited, and spir­ the importance of our children's needs to Quakerism enables us to face both the itually in need of Quaker instruction. know and value themselves and the world glory and the seemingly unfaceable in our­ Quakerism need not be defined exclu­ around them with the love and support of selves. Let us do so now-together. sively as white, Christian, and middle-class, a settled and secure family environment. and Quaker culture need not be adopted We must try to equip our children to con- Catherine Daniel

36 January 1992 FiuENDS JOURNAL sponsored by the Milken Family Foundation Yearly Meeting. The yearly meetings minuted from Arizona State University, and a doctor of California. Winners from throughout the their appreciation for Shirley's work in their of ministry degree from the Minnesota United States will be honored at a four-day 1991 annual sessions. IMYM cited her Consortium of Theological Schools and event in California in March. "undemanding friendliness, her attentive in­ United Theological Seminary. terest in our concerns, and her unfailingly The new editor of Friends Bulletin is Nancy kind generosity of spirit." Editb and Oarence (Jlm) Ellis recently retired Yarnall, of Corvallis (Oreg.) Meeting. after more than 25 years' stewardship at the Originally from Fox Island, Washington, she The executive secretary of Baltimore Month­ Woolman Memorial in Mount Holly, New has lived in several parts of the country with ly Meeting of Friends, Stony Run (Md.), is Jersey. Each year thousands of people came her husband, Wayne. Together, they have Ronald A. Mattson. Formerly clerk of from all parts of the country and abroad to been active in Goosecreek (Va.), Acton Nebraska Yearly Meeting, he served on com­ hear Edith discuss John Woolman and the (Mass.), Pima (Ariz.), and Eastside (Wash.) mittees of Friends World Committee for artifacts of his family and times. Generations meetings. They have two children. Nancy says Consultation, Section of the Americas, and of schoolchildren listened to her puppets tell she's wanted to be a writer for at least 15 was on the Board of Directors of the Ameri­ of the "Quaker Saint." Many visitors had years. Being editor of Friends Bulletin can Friends Service Committee. He was a tea in the Ellis home, where they could see "puts all of these parts of my life together." founding member of Friends for Lesbian and Edith's prize-winning stamp collages or sing She replaces Shirley Ruth, who was editor Gay Concerns, was active on Friends Com­ at the piano. Jim Ellis maintained the 18th­ for 13 years, a period of growth and change mittee on National Legislation, and min­ century brick building and its grounds and for the yearly meetings covered by the istering secretary of Minneapolis (Minn.) gardens. He also built a new porch. Edith Bulletin-Intermountain Yearly Meeting, Meeting. His education includes a bachelor's and Jim Ellis have retired to Woolman Com­ Pacific Yearly Meeting, and North Pacific degree from Berea College, a master's degree mons of Medford Leas.

Bringing Frieifds' Concerns for Peace & Justice to DELAWARE VALLEY FRIENDS SCHOOL · Congress Since 1943 a secondary school for students wr.te. Ot cau t202J547·4343 for ac t1on suggestion tape with unique learning needs. ~'iJli' f.'T\ The full college preparatory curriculum has in­ .!.1"~.!!.~ tellectually challenging courses supported by explicit teaching of organizational skills. Teacher student ratio is 1 to 5. Fine arts as well OPENING WITH as outdoor education are integral to the NONVIOLENT COLLECTIVE program. New Society Publishers is a worker­ managed trade publisher dedicated to For information call: (215) 526-9595 On the campus of Harcum Junior College pro'moting social change through in Bryn Mawr, Pa. nonviolent action. We are activists building an alternative business. Irene McHenry, Head Long-tenn position open in marketing. Experience in consensus decision­ making and commitment to nonviolence JEWISH required. For information write NSP/Personnel, 4527 Springfield HOLISTIC HEALTH Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19143. REFERENCES AND REMEDIES THE HICKMAN OF CONCORD QUARTERLY MEETING COMPILED FROM THE TALMUD, BIBLE AND JEWISH WJU'ONGS "'Contains elements of Jewish mystlcbm 11nd humor... • -C.Mtii111/ewiM Timn GREAT READING FOR HEALTH & JOY 100 Year History A Personal Care Home Approved by New York Confeftlloe of Rabbis • Reasonable Rates To order your copy, send check for $10.00 to: • Not-for-profit • Quaker Tradition Multi·racial Quaker INTERNAnONAL CULlVRAL PRESS camps since 1939 In 316 East 62nd Street • Dept. 3PE Town Location convenient For infomwioa write or ull: to Shops and Businesses Carta M. ldazuridJo New York, NY 10021 Fann aod Wilde.,.,. CamP' Plymooth, vr OlOl6 I <215) 696-1536 I (802) 422·3761 West Chester, PA

FluENDS JOURNAL January 1992 37 Widely acclaimed for Music, Drama and the Arts. Grades 9-12: Friends Co-Educational Bulletin Board Boarding and Day

OaKwood • The telephone tax continues as a source of ...f money for military expenditure, contrary to ~ School recent confusion about its status. The tax, ii: Contact Brian Fry which was due to expire in December 1990, ~ Director of Admissions was extended under the Act for Better Child ~ Oakwood School Care. Those who proposed the act were i SIS South Road searching for a way to fmance their new pro- I? Poughkeepsie, NY 12601 ell (914) 462-4200 gram and seized upon the telephone tax as their "new" source of money. However, the ern States throughout the spring and sum­ phone tax revenues continue to go into the mer, ending Oct. 12 at the Nevada Test Site. CREMATION General Fund, as always, and are not ear­ Columbus Day was chosen as the date on Friends are reminded that the marked for the child care programs. More which to end the pilgrimage because that is AnnaT. Jeanes Fund than 50 percent of the General Fund is used the day that began the European invasion of will reimburse cremation costs. for military expenditure. The National War the Americas. The pilgrimage will urge es­ (Applicable to members of Tax Resistance Coordinating Committee tablishment of a Comprehensive Test Ban Philadelphia Yearly Meeting only.) recommends that conscientious resistance to and is intended to call attention to oppres­ For lnlonullon, writ• or tolopbono RICHARD R. BETIS the telephone tax continue, as it can have a sion of Native Americans, uranium mining, 500-8 Glen Echo Rood powerful impact if enough people are in­ dumping of radioactive waste, and produc­ Pblloddpltlo, PA 1.9119 (215) 147-3354 volved. A fact sheet is available from Con­ tion and testing of nuclear weapons. The science and Military Tax Campaign for $1. pilgrimage will cover about 15 miles per day, To order, request "CMTC Telephone Tax with walkers camping in tents and taking rest 851Bucltt­ .,._Scbool-

38 January 1992 FRIENDs JoURNAL ~WOODS COURT~----~ One bedroom apartments available for people age 60 and above. Applications to be put on waiting list • Christian Peacemaker Teams will hold a are being accepted. conference for training and action March 6-8 in Richmond, Va. The theme will be "Faces of the Victims and the Arms of Oppression." Robert L. Hawthorne, Administrator Participants will reflect on the response of Friends Home at Woodstown peacemakers to the Gulf War and consider tJJ.. Woodstown, NJ 08098 Telephone (609) 769-1500 fresh efforts in peacemaking during this dec­ WOODSTOWNl ade. Christian Peacemaker Teams, spon­ sored by the Mennonites and Brethren in North America, identifies nonviolent re­ sponses to oppression and teaches peacemak­ ing skills. For more information, or to register for the conference, contact CPT, 1821 W. Cullerton, Chicago, IL 60608, tele­ phone (312) 421-5513. mail order catalog BYWOO of used & out-of-print BOOKS hardcover books

Excellent Selection of I.,ortant Authors Calendar BIOGRAPHY ' LITERATURE ' HISTORY SCIENCE FICTION ' FANTASY DECEMBER WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG----- Dee. 27-Jan. 1-Youthquake! To be held at Burlington, Vt. Speakers will be Tony Campolo, post office box 2808 upper darby pennsylvania 19082 Jane Smith, George Verwer, and Buster Soaries. Also included: daily Bible study, music, ski trips, a visit to Old Montreal, and a New Year's Eve celebration. Cost: $325, including lodging, food, insurance, and registration. Contact Youthquake!, P.O. Box 31081, Des Moines, lA 50310, or call Tom Klaus at (515) 279-8604. JANUARY 10-12-"Let Spirit Sing," a workshop at Woolman Hill, Keets Road, Deerfield, MA 01342, telephone (413) 774-3431. Exploring how singing can enrich one's spiritual life and strengthen one's faith. Led by Susan Stark. Includes a children's program, led Newtown, PA 18940 by the Erickson family of Monadnock (N.H.) Meeting. 10-12-Workshop on "Nonviolent Action for the '90s,'' in Philadelphia, Pa. Trainers: George Lakey and Barbara Smith. For information, write to Training Center Workshops, 4719 Springfield Ave., Phila., PA 19143, telephone (215) 729-7458. 11-Conference on diversity of beliefs among Friends, to be held in Woodstown, N.J. Cost: $7. For information, contact the Religious Education Committee, Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, 1515 Cherry St., Phila., PA 19102, telephone (215) 241-7221. FEBRUARY Founded in 1893 by the SOciety of Friends, Qeorge School is a co· !-European Peace Pilgrimage sets out from St. educational boarding and day school for students in grades 9- 12. Mary's, Georgia, to cross the southern United States and arrive at the Nevada Test Site on Oct. The college preparatory curriculum emphasizes Friends values & includes: 12. (See details in Bulletin Board.) • Courses on 4 levels ofdlfflculty • Intemadonal Baccalaureate (IB) 7-9-Workshop on "Fundraising: From Resistance • Advanced Placement (AP) • Intemadonal workcamps to Confidence," in Philadelphia, Pa. Trainers: • English as a Second Language (ESL) • Required community service George Lakey, Barbara Smith, Viki Laura List. • Foreign study • Required full-year courses in the arts For information, contact Training Center Work­ • 13 interscholastic sports ror boys A girls shops, 4719 Springfield Ave., Phila., PA 19143, For more information, please contact the Admissions Office: 215/968-3811 telephone (215) 729-7458.

FluENDS JOURNAL January 1992 39 Arts

f/Friends as they proceed through their lives, a friend of mine called me to ask what kinds and the internal power and calm to be found of foods my daughter liked for dinner. She A Musical in the valley of quiet inside us. thought I knew Diana was planning to spend To discover so suddenly that I could write five days at my friend's house, helping with songs was a transforming experience. I felt her two children. I approved of both the Way Opens like I had been "born again" and ran around essay and the babysitting job, but I was hurt for weeks with a grin on my face. Although and angry that I was the last to know about I had always loved music and had studied all this. Furious, through gritted teeth, I mut­ by Susan Dickes Hubbard creative writing in college, it had never tered to myself, "I'm going to write a song crossed my mind that I could create songs for that kid!" ive years ago in June, I participated in of my own. Indeed, I had been awed by and What emerged, to my astonishment, was a worship-sharing group that changed admiring of anyone with that particular a loving good-bye to a young person getting F my life and changed my perception of talent. It was as though I had suddenly ready to go into the world on her own. I myself. It was at Intermountain Yearly Meet­ become aware of an invisible limb that was called it, "The Things You Need," I cried ing, in a sunny meadow at Ghost Ranch, fully functional, had been with me for some a lot while writing the song, and couldn't sing New Mexico. Norma Price, now of Mancos, time, but I had never before tried to use. it for a week or so without crying. My daugh­ Colorado, cornered me in a loving way and What followed was a few years of writing ter received it as a cherished gift. Now when said with conviction, "You must write and recording songs with themes of Quaker other parents hear it, they usually cry, and songs." My initial reaction was to humor worship and practice, and also love and con­ many use it as a catalyst for discussions with her. " I could try," I said, in a wishy-washy flict in family life. The music sometimes felt their own teenagers about letting go. fashion. as though it were channeled through me, and Songwriting has dovetailed nicely with my "No," she said firmly, "there is no 'try.' I wanted to share it. I gave a number of pro­ full-time career as a psychotherapist. I am You must do this for yourself and for other grams in local churches, with the theme that privileged to receive the confidences of many people. It will bring together all your other change is made possible through common people. Often their issues are similar to ones endeavors and intentions." Her words re­ sense and faith. The topics came from an in­ I have had to deal with myself, and I may minded me of Yoda, the wise little creature tensely personal part of myself and the songs even have written a song to help me work in the Star Wars movies. Norma pressed on, often brought tears to the eyes of the with the feelings involved. I can then share saying that songwriting was an essential next listeners. one of my audiotapes with the other person. step for me. So without a conscious decision Sometimes a song could actually bring Sometimes a tune makes a message more to take a leap of faith, my mind cleared, my change for me when I wrote it and for others powerful. Imagine "Amazing Grace" spo­ eyes must have glazed over, and I said to her, when they heard it. For example, when my ken as a poem, instead of sung, and think "I will do this." daughter Diana was a junior in high school how much would be lost. A melody can I wrote my first song that day in the car several years ago, she became temporarily meander past our defenses into the soft on our long drive back to Boulder, humming secretive, even about positive events, perhaps places in our hearts and minds, and set up quietly to myself and memorizing the words in an effort to feel her independence from reverberations and echoes. Sometimes shar­ by repeating them over and over. The song her parents. In the space of one week, I ing one of my songs is the most efficient and was called "Until We Come to the Valley," learned from someone else that Diana had dramatic way to encourage an emotional and it dealt with the courage and strength of written a prize-winning essay at school. Then breakthrough. On my first tape, "Simple Truth," the Susan Hubbard is a therapist music is largely sweet and fits into the folk and a singer/ songwriter and a music genre. Various musician friends helped member of Boulder (Colo.) create accompaniments and harmonies. Mak­ Meeting. ing the tape was like participating in a joyous party for three or four months. The second tape, called "The Things You Need," has more sophisticated arrangements and a more varied style. It has two songs on it that won honorable mention in the Songwriters As­ sociation of America contest in 1989 and 1990. I have sung at a protest at the Nevada Nuclear Test Site, at Quaker Hill, at Inter­ mountain Yearly Meeting, and locally. I con­ sider it a privilege and a pleasure to provide entertainment and inspiration at Quaker gatherings and look forward to doing more of that. My tapes are available for $10 each, and may be purchased through the American Friends Service Committee Bookstore in Pasadena, California; at Quaker Hill Book­ store, 101 Quaker Hill Drive, Richmond, IN 47374; or from me at 810 Kalmia Ave., Boulder, CO 80304. 0

40 January /992 F'JuENDS JOURNAL FRIENDLY FAGS ABOUT RETIREMENT LIVING ATSTAPELEY What our residents and others say about us Retirement communities aren't for everyone. Nor are they all alike. But if you're pondering a retirement move, study your options and consider the advantages of living at Stapeley.

Stapeley residents are happy that we offer continuing care. Whether they live independently, need a little assistance or skilled nursing care, Stapeley 1. can serve them today and into the future.

Stapeley residents know they can rely on the health care that we offer, and area hospitals and doctors who treat our residents agree. Stapeley staff ;!. cares for residents with respect and affection with a regard for dignity, self­ confidence and independence.

Stapeley residents appreciate our Friendly service, which is synonymous w ith our Quaker tradition. One of our residents summed it up this way: "I a. know that when I have needs, Stapeley will meet those needs." Stapeley residents like the family atmosphere and nostalgic charm of Stapeley Hall, our turn-of-the century building. We've added traditional 4. touches to Stapeley West, our bright, modern apartments and health care center.

Stapeley residents are pleased that we're experienced. We've offered a homelike atmosphere to retirees at this spot since 1904. Stapeley's 3. reputation for excellence is built on that experience.

Stapeley residents like being in historic Germantown, a location which provides them with opportunities for cultural and recreational activities. 8. Public transportation and the Stapeley van make libraries, stores and downtown Philadelphia easily accessible. Residents have created a prize-winning garden in our urban oasis.

Stapeley residents know that we're moderately priced. Retirement communities can be expensive. Stapeley is comparatively affordable.

Stapeley, the in-town Quaker alternative.

6300 Greene Street Philadelphia, PA 19144

~------~ Yes, I want to learn more about Stapeley. Please send me more information so I can arrange for a tour.

Name______

Address ______

Telephone______~------~ Return to: Carol Nemeroff Director of Admissions Stapeley in Germantown 6300 Greene Street STAPELEY Philadelphia, PA 19144 IN GERMANTOWN Or call: (21 5) 844-0700 Friends' Books C E N T R A L 'Learn Among Friends' Founded in 1845 Passwords o Record enrollment o 2 spacious campuses By William Stafford. Harper Collins, IN CAMP New York, N.Y., 1991. 92 pages. $21.95. o Community outreach In the title poem to his ninth book of That winter of the war, every day programs poetry, William Stafford introduces what sprang outward. I was a prisoner. o Small classes follows: " ... sometimes your words I might Someone brought me gifts. That year Fori11jonnotio11: (215) 649-7440 link especially to some other person. I Here now is far: birds can't fly Frie nds' Central School is a package, I a program of passwords. I the miles to find a forgotten cause. 1101 City Avenue, Wynnewood, PA 19096 It is to bring strangers together." And so it does. As a stranger to the writing No wk I do today has justice of William Stafford,. I found such a link­ at the end. All I know is age-and it happened on many levels. Quite in this often the connections were found on day-to­ my degree of leaning wind day things, the ordinary occurrences of our where-once the mind springs free­ Fyfe & Miller lives. The simple event of a birthday: "A every cause has reason FUNERAL SERVICE birthday is when you might not have been but reason has no law. 7047 Germantown Ave. born I and you remember the sister you Philadelphia, PA 19119 didn't have I because there was a war on." In camps like that, if I should go The things we maddeningly lose and misplace (215) 247-8700 again, in our lives-a lost key, perhaps, on a fami­ I'd still study the gospel and play the ly outing: "The family then- I swallowed James E. Fyfe Edward K. Miller aa:ordion. Simple earth burial by time-are gone, but that key we lost I and cremation service shines on, a silver monument that nobody -WiHillm Stafford available at reasonable cost. I knows ... " And the "Faux Pas" destined to occur in our lives-the wretched moment, for instance, when we say something we im­ from Passwords, Harper Collins, reprinted mediately wish we hadn't: "After a pause, with permission. ro'ifi, all at the table I shift their attention. You brush crumbs into your hand." There is a hopefulness here as well. When we have had a particularly bad day in our Jailed for Peace life ("when the worst bears down"), quite suddenly-often without words-there may By Stephen M. Kohn, Greenwood/ • m~<\c;e ce~c1pcaces be that uplifting moment, as described in Praeger, New York, N.Y., 1986 and 1987. • 3.WafZOS • 1f2SC}l1pctons • "It's All Right," an instant of grace and 181 pages. $9.95/ paperback. • 811'ct2 <\nnouncemencs • clarity, when the weight is inexplicably lifted: The subtitle of this book, The History of • Ci}le&111q C<\£b 00s1(jt25 • "Slowly the sun creeps along the floor; I it American Draft Law Violators, 1658-1985, is coming your way. It touches your shoe.'' defines precisely the author's purpose. It is • mV1cac1ons • sqzou.s • As someone who loves nature, I enjoyed a concise picture of the legal eb and flow of the presence of farms, rain, birds, and draft resistance and conscientious objection. .:Hanzt!l!TNTesr woods. Sometimes it appeared as an artist's Harold Kohn, a law professor at Antioch ~ ~ 609-786-JSZ+ rrli ~ brush stroke as in "The Eloquent Box": "a Law School, tells of exemptions afforded to blue jay strikes its blue match across I a conscientious objectors in the American ~~· ·~ 0 bland part of the afternoon." At others, Revolution and in wars since then. His thesis there was a more mystical quality, as in "The is that techniques of nonviolent resistance Origin of Country." pioneered by the Religious Society of Friends David Elliott's interview with the poet (FJ were applied by William Lloyd Garrison to You could be November 1991) explored Stafford's Quaker the abolition movement and further used and connections. Friends will find in Passwords politicized by the anti-war movement. Kohn's l.lFT OUT! a poem on Civilian Public Service (see inset), history of the draft makes clear that it was others that pick up on themes of quiet and not until World War I that repressive legal Reservations for display ads in FRIENDS the poet's keen desire for peace. measures were taken against COs, both in JOURNAL are now required. " Ultimately," writes Publishers Weekly, the military and in federal prisons. Then the Issue: MArdi 1992. Reservations must be "these are poems of hope.. .." Stafford U.S. Army required that COs be inducted made by January 13, 1992. All ads must "gives the reader faith in the beauty and love and refuse orders before considering claims be received by January 21, 1992. inherent in each brief moment.'' And I hear­ for CO status. In most cases, COs were tried Issue: April 1992. Reservations must be tily concur. before courts-martial and given savage made by February 10, 1992. All ads Vinton Deming sentences. must be received by February 18, 1992. Since then, circumstances have changed Don't be left outl C.U (215) 241-7279 Vinton Deming is a member of Central Philadel­ and alternative service has become available, for your reservation today. phia (Pa.) Meeting and on its Overseers Commit­ with more and more young men taking a re­ tee. He is editor-manager of FRIENDS JoURNAL. sister position. In World War II there were

42 January 1992 FRIENDS JOURNAL 11,950 men who went through Civilian Pub­ such as anger. The third part contains helpful A most useful and hopeful guide to risks, lic Service, with 1,675 in prison for offenses suggestions on how to deal personally with challenges, and hopes is written by a person connected with draft resistance. In 1972, issues of war and peace. in a position of great political responsibili­ more men opted for alternative service than Throughout his book, Thay stresses the ty, U.S. Senate Majority Leader George were inducted into the military. importance of breathing and the importance Mitchell. This book provides information on He also points out that there has been of mindfulness. He gently reminds us that the major problems: the population explo­ massive resistance to the current draft we let our breathing be involuntary when it sion, the greenhouse effect and ozone pollu­ registration, in spite of heavier penalities and could be a source of great enjoyment and tion of the atmosphere, and the pollution the provisions of the Solomon Amendment, satisfaction, if we attended to it. And he caused by poverty and ignorance. He deals which barred federal student loans to non­ makes us realize that we tend to go through with the problems of political will faced by registrants. An estimated half-million men all our days and years running on "auto­ the United Nations' efforts for a 1992 Earth have failed to register, and efforts to increase matic pilot," oblivious to the real beauties Summit. He deals with the lack of awareness registration have been largely unsuccessful. and miracles of life that mindfulness can on the part of the public and the difficulties The shift in witness from refusing to report reveal to us. of winning congressional consent. He urges during World War II to resisting the draft While all three parts of this book are initiatives by educators at all levels. itself is highly significant. equally valuable, the first section is such a This book serves as a basis for discussion One has the clear feeling that U.S. citizens little gem that it ought to be published sepa­ groups and for high school and college study. are coming to realize that a modern mass war rately as a booklet to be carried in one's It is the kind of book Friends can recom­ cannot be fought without conscription, and pocket for frequent reference, along with mend because of its vision and its sense of that today's draft resisters benefit from a other little pocket gems, such as Brother hope. large, inherited legacy of theory and ex­ Lawrence's Practice of the Presence of God, Robert Cory perience to empower their stand. Sengstan's Hsin Hsin Ming (R.B. Clarke's Published originally in 1986, the book is translation), and the Tao Teh Ching. Robert Cory, a member of Friends Meeting of apparently already out of print. To the reader The Dalai Lama says of Thay's book: Washington (D.C.}, has worked widely for global who can fmd a copy in a library or elsewhere, "Thich Nhat Hanh begins by teaching mind­ peace in Quaker and other national organizations. it is both a refreshing and positive report on fulness of breathing and awareness of the the present status of the draft and on those small acts of our daily lives; then shows us resisting it. how to use the benefits of mindfulness and Richard P. Moses concentration to transform and heal difficult In Brief psychological states. Finally he shows us the Richard P. Moses is a member of Central Phila­ connection between personal, inner peace, Tough Minds, Tender Hearts delphia (Po.) Meeting and is treasurer of FRIENDS and peace on Earth. This is a very worth­ By William 0. Pau/se/1. Paulist Press, JoURNAL's Board of Managers. His review-essay while book. It can change individual lives Mahwah, N.J., 1990. 207 pages. $11.95/ on books relating to the CPS experience appeared and the life of our society." in the June 1991 issue. paperback. In his study of six social activists, G.M. Smith William 0. Paulsell includes those who have successfully integrated the divergent Chris­ G. M. Smith, who lives in Princeton, N.J., joined tian energies of contemplation and activism. Peace Is Every Step the Religious Society ofFriends in 1960, and tries to visit a different meeting every week. Interest in Short biographies of Martin Luther King, By Thich Nhat Hanh. Bantam Books, New the convergence of science and spirituality has Jr., Simone Wei!, Dag Hammarskjold, York, N.Y., 1991. 134 pages. $17.50. followed a career in communications engineering. Dorothy Day, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, and Dom Helder Camara give examples of how Thich Nhat Hanh, the Vietnamese monk one's commitment to justice and peace is who was exiled for his pacifism, is a prolific strengthened by one's faith. Each section in­ writer of spiritual books. His latest, one of World on Fire: Saving the cludes a bibliography and brief sections pro­ 17 or more in English, was published in viding detailed information on selected topics. March 1991 . It's almost certain to be regard­ Endangered Earth ed as a spiritual classic. It has even been praised by the Dalai Lama. By George Mitchell. Macmillan, New El Salvador: A Country Guide The spiritual suggestions of Thay, as Thich York, N.Y., 1991. 320 pages. $22.50. By Tom Barry. The Inter-Hemispheric Edu­ Nhat Hanh likes to be called, range from The survival of our endangered planet re­ cation Resource Center, Albuquerque, N.M., elementary to profound, but all are set forth quires that the earth's people learn to co­ 1990. 193 pages. $8.95/paperback. Keeping in a writing style of such simplicity and clari­ operate in unprecedented social change. Our abreast of developments in Latin America ty as to be accessible to everyone. His common future is one of danger and of will be easier with a new series of country thoughts should be as acceptable to everyone hope. Within the last few years, there has guides by this publisher, which is a non­ as they are accessible, for they are wide­ been a flood of literature and of TV docu­ profit research and policy institute which ranging and non-denominational, including mentaries communicating both a sense of focuses on U.S. influence and intervention everything from the Buddha to the urgency and a sense of overwhelming uncer­ in the Third World. In this guide to El Salva­ Eucharist. tainty. Scientists, both physical and social, dor, the political history of the country is There are three sections to the book. The have joined in an international exploration explained with detailed clarity. Chapters also first describes ways to convert all com­ of the ecological systems that support life. cover the military, the economy, society, monplace activities of daily living into The emerging picture is that contemporary environment and foreign influence. The spiritual practices. The second section dis­ industrial systems are robbing generations to appendix includes statistics and a chronology cusses ways of dealing with negative feelings, come of a heritage of survival and hope. dating from 1525 to 1989.

FRIENDS JOURNAL January 1992 43 Resources Wlll.IAM PENN CHARTER SCHOOL Est. 1689 Kindergarten through 302 Years of Quaker Education Twelfth Grade Operated under Charter issued by William Penn. T'"'e William Penn Charter School is a Quaker college-preparatory school committed to nurturing in Books About CPS girls and boys the education of the mind, the quickening of the spirit, and • American Friends Service Committee. The the development of the body. Penn Charter stresses high standards in Experience ofthe American Friends Service academics, the arts, and athletics. Committee in Civilian Public Service. AFSC, Friends are encouraged to apply both as students and as teachers. Philadelphia, Pa., 1945 . 51 pages. An overview, with statistics on the number of Earl J. Ball Ill, Headmaster men in various projects, difficulties in 3000 W. School House Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19144 administration, and suggested plans for the (215) 844-3460 better use of COs. • Dasenbrock, J. Henry. To the Beat of a Different Drummer: A Decade in the Life of a World War II Conscientious Objector. Northland Press, Winona, Minn. 247 pages. ~ PENDLE HILL Available from the author, 3300 Darby Rd., Haverford, PA 19041. f1 Expands Scholarship Opportunities • Dick, Robert T. Guinea Pigs for Peace: The Story of CPS 115-R (1943-1946).The Henry J. Cadbury Scholarship provides full support for one program year for Annex Press, Windsor, Vt., 1989. 31 pages. a Quaker scholar working on a project related to Quakerism. Describes medical experiments carried on by COs at the Strong Memorial Hospital at the Helen Hole, Wilmer Young, & Vail Leadership Grants for teachers, University of Rochester Medical School. activists, and potential leaders respectively. May receive up to the full cost of tuition, • Kenworthy, Leonard S. Worldview: The room, and board for one program year. Autobiography of a Social Studies Teacher and Quaker. Friends United Press, Rich­ Student Internships provide tuition, room, and boad for the nine-month program mond, Ind., 1977. 262 pages. Chapter 6 on year for two people who work alongside staff 25 hours per week for ten months. "Alternative Service in World War II" includes references to several of the ten Dewing and Judson Sojourner Scholarships provide a one-week camps and units where the author was sent "sojourn" at Pendle Hill for two people: one doing peace or social justice work or volunteered, including a short time in a and one doing creative or artistic work. Mennonite camp, a year in a training school for the mentally retarded, a human guinea Do you know of someone your organization would like to nominate? pig experiment for hepatitis, and others. Applications now being accepted for the 1992-93 program year which runs October 2 , • Keirn, Albert N. The CPS Story: An 1992 to June 12, 1993. General scholarship assistance also available. Illustrated History of Civilian Public Service. jDeadlineforapplication: March 15, 1992 Good Books, Intercourse, Pa., 1990. 128 I pages. For more information on these scholarships or on residential study, weekend confer­ • Mitchell, Hobart. We Would Not Kill. ences, or retreats contact: Mary Helgesen, Dept. F, Pendle Hill, 338 Plush Mill Road, Friends United Press, Richmond Ind., 1983. Wallingford, PA 19086-6099, (215) 566-4507. 283 pages. Includes an introductory state­ ment on COs in general, followed by the author's personal experiences, including his ,------, part in a medical experiment. • Van Dyck, Harry R. Exercise of Con­ ~CO~UNITYJOBS science: A World War ll Objector The Employment Newspaper for the Non-Profit Sector Remembers. Prometheus Books, Buffalo, N.Y., 1990. • Waring, Thomas. Something for Peace: A Looking for a job in the non-profit sector? NAME: Memoir. Privately published, 1989. Avail­ Find out about nationwide and interna­ tional.positions in COMMUNITY JOBS, a ADDRESS: ______----· ------able from the author, PO Box 565, Hanover, monthly newspaper including featu~ ar­ NH 03755. A frank and personal account of ticles and more than 200 job listings. the author's war years in CPS, including CITY: ·····-- __ _ work in a forestry project and a mental 0 $30.00/lndividual for 1 year STATE: _ .. --·-- ·· ZIP: ______hospital, plus work after the war in Finland. (12 issues) • Wilson, Adrian. Two Against the Tide: A 0 $25.00/lndividual for 6 months Conscientious Objector in World War II, (6 issues) Selected Letters, 1941-1948. W. Thomas 0 I've enclosed an extra $20 per Taylor, Austin, Tex. , 1990. 198 pages. year for overseas delivery • Zahn, Gordon. Another Part of the War . 0 I've enclosed an extra $15 per Networking in the Public Interest year for first class delivery University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass., 50 Beacon Street • Boston, MA 02108 1979. Bulk Rates Available (617) 720-5627 • Fax (617) 720-1318 ~~~------~~

44 January 1992 FRIENDS JOURNAL Milestones

Births Danz-Thomson Nathaniel Danz, on Oct. 4, 1991, to Lydia Littlefield and Robert Danz, who were married under the care of South Berkshire (Mass.) Meeting. Marriages Burrows-Trezevant-!. Warren Trezevant and Julie Burrows, on Aug. 23, 1991, in Oak Park, Ill., under the care of Urbana-Champaign (Ill.) I Meeting, which the couple attended. Warren and EARLHAM SCHOOL his parents are members of Oak Park Meeting. OF RELIGION A Quaker Seminary serving all Otristian Deaths denominations Clark-Lucy Swanton Clark, 87, on Nov. 6, 1991. Preparing Men & Women to Serve Remembered for her strong personality and Pastors • Chaplains • Teachers Campus Ministers • Church Adminisrators wisdom, she was a physician, whose patients, Peace &justice Workers friends, and family knew her to be "good medicine" in many ways. She earned a degree in history and pre-medicine from George Washington Inquiries are welcome. Write or call: University in 1929, then became head of the bio­ Earlham School of Religion graphy and sociology division of the public library Q1u1ker Ministry: An lnTJitllliim to TriDIS{imrrMiitm in Wash., D.C. She enrolled in George Washington 228 College Avenue, Medical School and received her degree in 1938, Richmond, fndiana 47374 did her internship at Huron Road Hospital in 1-800-432-1377 Cleveland, Ohio, and her residency in pediatrics at Flower-Fifth Avenue Hospital in New York Ci­ ty. At the same time, she studied and began to practice homeopathy. She married Sheldon DeFor­ rest Clark on April13, 1940. They moved to Col­ umbus, Ohio, where she began a career with Planned Parenthood and started to study law at Ohio State University, but could not finish due to the demands of two children and a medical prac­ tice. She and her husband, both raised in the Swedenborgian faith, joined the Religious Socie­ ty of Friends as convinced pacifists. The family moved to Cleveland in 1944, where they took in five foster children and she practiced medicine with Planned Parenthood until1967. Lucy became ac-

Scattergood Friends School is a co-educational, college preparatory, boarding and day high school for 50 students

• Excellent success in placing graduates in colleges and universities • 4: 1 student to faculty ratio • Small classes and attention to the needs and interests of individuals • Extensive outdoor and farm experiences • Caring and supportive community life • Emphasis upon cooperation rather than competition • Affordable tuition with extensive financial assistance

For additional information, or to arrange a visit, call or write, Director ofAdmissions, Scattergood Friends School, Route 1, Box 32, West Branch, lA 52358 (319) 643-7600

FRIENDS JouRNAL January 1992 45 Milestones Classified

For Information call (215) 241-7279. so• per word. Minimum charge is $10. Add 10% if boxed. 10% discount for tive with Cleveland Meeting, serving on the Korean ing World War II. She taught first and second three consecutive insertions, 25% for six. War Relief Committee, the Ministry and Oversight grade students at Pacific Ackworth School, a Appearance of any advertisement does not imply Committee, and as clerk of the meeting. When Quaker institution, in Temple City, Calif., from endorsement by FRIENDS JOURNAL. their children were grown, she and her husband 1950 to 1987. Afterward, she retired and moved decided to work full-time for peace and moved to to Alpha Farm, a cooperative community with Houston, Texas, where Sheldon became Peace Quaker connections, in Deadwood, Oregon. She Education Secretary for the American Friends married J~es McCurrach on June 4, 1961 , and Service Committee. In 1969, they moved back to he survives her. Also surviving her are her step­ Cleveland, and she returned to working for children, Steve B. (Lief) McCurrach, Beth Planned Parenthood and stayed until she retired McGregor, and Scott McCurrach; and a nephew, in 1973. She and Sheldon retired to Friends House Alan Onoye, whom she reared as a son. Accommodations in Sandy Spring, Md., in 1978, where they became Parker-Ruth Peele Parker, 103, on Nov. 23, The Berkshlres, MaM&Chusetts. Baldwin Hill Farm Bed active in the community's life and in Sandy Spring 1990. The second of five children, she came from & Breakfast. Box 125, RD3, Great Barrington, Mass. 01230, Meeting. When Sheldon died in 1988, Lucy moved a long line of Quakers and people who settled Vir­ (413) 528-4092. A Friends Victorian farm homestead of 450 to Academy Manor in Andover, Mass., to be near acres on a Berkshire mountaintop. Spectacular views all ginia and North Carolina. Her father died when around with warm hospitality and full country breakfasts. her younger son Jared and his family. She is she was six. Due to her mother's belief in obtain­ Close to golf, skiing, concerts, drama, museums, shops, remembered for her love for learning, poetry, ing a good education, Ruth attended Westtown trails, and restaurants. Open all year. Pool, hiking, maps music, and humankind. She cared deeply, felt School and New Garden Boarding School (later and menus. deeply, and loved deeply. She brought a practical to become Guilford College). She taught briefly NYC-Greenwich VIllage Bed & Breakfast. Walk to 15th approach to her honesty, idealism, and religion, in Wayne County, Menola Academy, and Olney Street Meeting. 1-4 people; children welcome. (Two cats trying to live in such a way as to reduce strife and Friends School. She married William Edgar Parker in house.) Reservations: (212) 924-6520. be of service to others. In old age, she found the in 1909, and they had seven children. Her husband Nicaragua Friends Center. Refuge for socially concerned role of patient to be intolerable, but endured it with travelers. Apartado 5391 , Managua, Nicaragua. Phone died in 1924, leaving her with six children to raise (011·505-2) 663216 or 660984. grace. Her comfort was her family and friends. and a farm to manage. Faithful to her mother's She is survived by her two sons, Sheldon and Jared Tidioute-Friendly Eagle 8&8. Peaceful oil rush town, values, Ruth was determined her children would N.W. Pa., Allegheny River, forests, chamber music; chil· Clark. receive good educations regardless of hardship. dren welcome. Box 222, Tidioute, PA 16351 . (814) 484-7130. Cowger-Mildred L. Cowger, 90, on Aug. 17, The warmth and closeness of the family's home attracted friends and neighbor children and Simple low-cost lodging for individuals and groups. 1991. She was a dynamic, long-time member of Seminar planning available. Quaker center on Capitol Hill. Salem (Oreg.) Meeting and will also be remem­ became an inspiration to many. Ruth was a lover of sports, and she encouraged her children to par­ William Penn House, 515 E. Capitol St. SE, Washington, bered by Friends in the Palo Alto area of Califor­ DC 20003. (202) 543-5560. ticipate in athletics and outdoor games. Her first nia, where she helped develop the Palo Alto Con­ London? Stay at the Penn Club, Bedford Place, London sumers Co-op and promoted nutritious bread grandchild, Conrad, dubbed her "Mama Ruth," WC1B SJH. Friendly atmosphere. Central for Friends recipes and healthful garden products. She was a name by which she became known to family, House, West End, concerts, theater, British Museum, born in Leaf River, lllinois, of a father who was friends, and community. To her grandchildren, she university, and excursions. Telephone: 071-636-4718. was a shining light who taught, praised, and ad­ Washington, D.C., sojourners welcome in Friends' home the community's unlicensed doctor for many years. in pleasant suburb nearby. By day, week, or month. For When she moved to Oregon, she lived on an acre­ monished, never failing to impress upon them the importance of playing any game fairly. After her details call: (301) 270-5258. age near Scio with her son Wright Cowger and his Looking for a creative living alternative in New York City? family of four children. At age 64 she joined the children were grown, she spent many hours visiting sick and housebound people. She was a treasured Penington Friends House may be the place for you I We are Peace Corps, learned Spanish, and spent two years looking for people of all ages who want to make a serious member of Rich Square (N.C.) Meeting, where she in Venezuela. In the Willamette Valley in Oregon, comm~ment to a community lifestyle based on Quaker prin­ she established a group interested in bio-dynamic was named an elder in 1909. She was assistant clerk ciples. For information call (212) 673-1730. We also have gardening and held weekend seminars on the sub­ of her meeting and presiding clerk of North overnight accommodations. Carolina Yearly Meeting of Ministers, Elders, and Mexico City Friends Center. Reasonable accommoda· ject. She also became one of five national winners lions. Reservations recommended. Casa de los Amigos, of the Victory Garden annual contest. For three Overseers. She was known for her sensitivity in conducting a meeting for business, listening with Ignacio Mariscal 132, 06030 Mexico D.F. 705-0521 . or four years she supervised menus and food prep­ case Heber1o Seln Friends Center. Reasonable accom­ aration at North Pacific Yearly Meeting's annual an open mind and loving spirit. In the latter part of her life, she lived at Roanoke Valley Nursing modations. Reservations. Asociacion Sonorense de los session, bringing her own frozen and fresh vege­ Amigos, Felipe Salida 32, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. tables and fruit and encouraging others to add to Home. Her life was a symbol of strength and Friends Meeting, Sundays 11 a.m. Phone: (01 1-52-621) the bounty. In later years, she conducted interest courage. She is survived by five children: James 7-01-42. groups on death and grief, and her caring extend­ Edgar Parker, George Conrad Parker, Mary P. ed to group members long after the sessions end­ Littrell, Ruth P. Linville, and Esther P. Wething­ Assistance Needed ed. She was active in educating the public on fu­ ton; and by her grandchildren. neral reform, was one of the founders of the Oregon Qualified woman (graduate degree, Education) Heks Memorial Association, and served as its secretary financial assistance for overseas job offer working with for a number of years. She was a volunteer and CLASSIFIED AD children in social service organizations; wants to adopt supporter of the American Friends Service Com­ child. Interested parties reply via FRIEt

46 January 1992 FRIEND S JOURNAL Friendly Woman Concerned Singles Neweleller links compatible singles Typesetting by Frlenda Publishing Corporation. who care about peace, social justice, and the environment. Our organization offers you professional typesetting at National and international membership. All ages. Since friendly rates. We typeset books, manuscripts, newslet· 1984. Free sample: Box 555-F, Stockbridge, MA 01262. ters, brochures, posters, ads, and every issue of Friends .burna/. We also produce quality type via modem transmis­ sion. Call (215) 241·7282, or 241·7116 for more A quarterly journal for exchange of ideas, feelings, hopes information. and experiences by and among Quaker women. Positions Vacant Subscriptions: 1 yr., $12; low income: 1 yr., $6. Essays, Attorney to share rural general law practice. Trial ex· artwork, poetry, photos solic~ed. Write for quidelines and Investments you can feel good about! Investment cer· sample copy. Friendly Woman , 84889 Harry Taylor Rd., perience helpful. Estab. 12years in So. China, Maine. Twelve tifocates currently eanring 7% interest are available from Eugene, OR 97405. miles to Waterville, and to the capitol, Augusta. Austin law Friends Extension Corporation. These investments will pro­ Office, P.O. Box 150, So. China, ME 04358. mote the growth of Friends by providing funds to build new Legislative Interns. Three positions available assisting meetinghouses and related facilities. We also help with need­ ed renovations to existing buildings. We are Friends heiJT Books-Quaker splrl1ual claaaics, history, biography, and FCNL's lobbyists. These are eleverl-monlh paid assignments, ing Friends grow! Affiliated with Friends United Meeting. For current Quaker experience, published by Friends United usually filled by recent college graduates, beginning information, contact: Katheryn Williams, Administrator, Press, 101·A Quaker Hill Or., Richmond, IN 47374. Write September 1, 1992. Duties include research, wming, monitor· Friends Extension Corporation, 101 Quaker Hill Drive, Rich­ for free catalogue. ing issues, attending hearings and coalition meetings, and maintaining files. Applications close March 15, 1992. For in· mond, IN 47374-1980. (317) 962·7573. Have a spiritual retreat in your own home with the help formation and an application, write or call David Boynton, Electrical Contractor. Residential and commercial installa· of " One Day with God." A do-it-yourself book by Kart Pruter. Friends Committee on National Legislation, 245 Second lion and repairs. (Phila., Pa., suburbs.) Call Paul Teitman: $7.50 postpaid. Shalom Books, Box 98, Highlandville, MO Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20002. Phone (202) 547-6000. (215) 663-0279. 65669. Quaker House, a military counseling center in Fayetteville, Restoration Contractor (Friend). Repair and restoration of North Carolina, is accepting applications for Director. Ap­ historic buildings from cornerstone to lightning rods. Period New books and publications. FGC 1991·92 Publica· plicants should possess a commitment to working for peace, carpentry, timber framing, stone masonry, plastering, slating, lions Catalog available free upon request from Friends self-discipline, and an understanding of military issues and tinwork, etc. Structural diagnosis, repair and rebuilding a General Conference Publications, 1216 Arch Street2B, Quaker practices (such as working by consensus). Writing. specialty. Consulting services for owners (free to Friends Philadelphia, PA 19107. speaking, and counseling skills are important. Salary is Meetings and groups; traveling stipend requested). $9,600 per year plus housing, medical insurance, utilities, References by request; inquiries welcome. Marcus Brandt, and use of car. Persons interested in this pos~ion should 35 Curley Mill Road, ChaHont, PA 18914. (215) 997·2117. For Sale send a resume, including references, to: Search Committee, Quaker Universalist Fellowship is a fellowship of seekers c/o Quaker House, 223 Hillside Avenue, Fayetteville, NC wishing to enrich and expand Friends' perspectives. We A 30'x47' soundproof curtain with hardware. Price: $250. 28301. meet, publish, and correspond to share thoughts, insights, Call Greenwood Friends School, Millville, Pa. (717) and information. We seek to follow the promptings of the 456-5532. Rentals & Retreats Spirit. Inquiries welcome! Write QUF, Box 201 RD 1, Leather Alternative. Quality selection of leather-free Landenberg, PA 19350. wallets, bags, belts, shoes, and other accessories. Men's Hawaii-Island of Kaual. Cozy housekeeping cottages. Wedding Certificates, birth testimonials, inv~ations , an· Peace, palms, privacy. $75/2 nightly. 147 Royal Drive, Kapaa, and women's styles. Avoid using animal skins. Free nouncements, addressing, poetry, gilts all done in beautiful HI 96746. (BOB) 822·2321. catalogue. Aesop Unlimited, Dept. 903, Box 315, Cam· cailigraphy and watercolor illumination. Book early for spring bridge, MA 02140. Southern France. Old stone house, quiet village near weddings. Wme or cail Leslie Mnchell, 2840 Bristol Rd., Ben­ Beautiful small farm overlooking China lake in central Avignon, beautiful historic region. Simply furnished, two salem, PA 19020, (215) 752·5554. Maine near Quaker country. An hour to Camden, Portland, bdrm., sunny terraced yard, trees. $1000/month, Jun&­ Bangor, Bar Harbor, Brunswick, and Sugarloaf ski area. September. Marc Simon, Rue de Ia Tour de I'Oume, 30290 Fully improved 1840 Cape, 3 plus bedrooms, solar St. VictorIa Coste, France; or, J. Simon, 217 High Park Blvd., Socially Responsible Investing sunspace, and attached garage. For sale or lease with op· Buffalo, NY 14226. (716) 836-8698. Using client-specified social crneria, I screen investments. l ion to purchase. A second residence possible. $180,000. I use a financial planning approach to portfolio manage­ If interested, call: (207) 445-4477. ment by identifying individual objectives and designing an Prince Edward laland. New, 3 bedroom, 2 bathroom cot· investment strategy. I work with individuals and business. tage. All the amen~ies. Full deck overlooks Montague Bay. Call: Secha Millstone; Ferris, Baker Watts; member NYSE, VIdeos of value for the mind and spirit: the environment, Thre&-acre lawn. Easy access to golf, trout fishing, ten· SIPC. (202) 429-3632 in Washington, D.C., area, or (BOO) recovery, healing, ancient cu~ures and avant-garde arts, nis, horseback riding, sailing and miles of sparkling clean 227-0308. personal and societal issues, from the publisher of Joseph beaches. Everything you're looking for in a perfect sum­ Campbell and the Power of Myth. For information, order· mer vacation ... but the crowds. $600 per week. Call Keith ing or free color catalogue, call (BOO) 292·9001, or write Fox: (215) 520-9072. Celo Valley Books will professionally produce your Mystic Fire Video, P.O. Box 9323, Dept. FRJ, S. Bur~ book-50 copies or more--ON TIME wnh personal atten­ ington, VT 05407. tion, economically. 1% of profits to char~ . Write 346 Retirement Uvlng Seven Mile Ridge Road, Burnsville, NC 28714. Foxdale Vlllege, part of the tradition of fine Quaker lifecare communities. Thoughtfully designed cottages are comple­ Lively, Informative, for outreach and Moving to North Carolina? Maybe David Brown, a Quaker education. Who are Quakers? New mented by attractive dining facilities, auditorium, library and Ot"AKER full medical protection. Setting is a wonderful combination real estate broker, can help. Contact him at1208 Pinewood video! 27 min., VHS, by Claire Simon. Or., Greensboro, NC 27410. (919) 294-2095. $26.50 plus $3.00 postage. Quaker of rural and univers~ environment. For information wme: 500 VIDEO Family Relstlons Committee's Counseling Service (PYM) Video, P.O. Box 292, Maplewood, NJ Marylyn Avenue, Department F, State College, PA 16801. provides confidential professional counseling to individuals, 07040. Telephone: (BOO) 253-4951. couples in most geographic areas of Philadelphia Yearly Schools Meeting. All counselors are Quakers. All Friends, regular at· Higher Education tenders, and employees of Friends organizations are elig~ The Meeting School celebrates the transition from youth to ble. Sliding fees. Further information or brochure-contact Education for a small planet- B.A. degree by living what adullhood by encouraging students to make decisions in their Arlene Kelly, 1501 Cherry St., Philadelphia, PA 19102. (215) you learn in U.S., Costa Rica, England, Israel, Kenya, India, own lives in a Friends (Quaker) boarding high school in 988-0140. China, Japan. Language, homestays, field internships. southern New Hampshire. We emphasize experiential edu· Semester and academic year. Friends World Program, Box cation, striving for innovative and challenging academics Summer Camps Q, LIU·Southampton, Southampton, NY 11968. Tel: (516) while working with consensus and equal~ regardless of age. 283-4000. Teenagers live on campus in faculty homes. The school is Multicultural SUmrtMr program. Youths (16-19) from diverse based on simplicity, honesty, the peaceful resolution of con­ ethnic, economic, geographic backgrounds. Explore social fl ict, the dign~ of physical labor, mutual trust and respect, issues, develop cmical thinking, leadership, and activist skills. Opportunities and care for the earth. Admissions: The Meeting School, Rin­ Residential six-week program; intensive workshops; com­ Consider a Costa Rican study tour. February 6-17, 1992. dge, NH 03461 . (603) 899-3366. munity service. EFC, 2530 San Pablo Avenue, Sune B-17, Call or write Roy Joe and Ruth Stuckey, 1182 Hornbeam A value-centered achool for learning disabled elementary Berkeley, CA 94702. (510) 548-8908 Road, Sabina, OH 45169. Phone: (513) 584-2900. students. Small, remedial classes; qualified staff serving Frlenda Music Camp: exciting, challenging summer ex· Philadelphia and nor1hern suburbs. The Quaker School at perience. Ages 1~18 . Camper comment: "FMC isaspirituai Horsham, 318 Meeting House Road, Horsham, PA 19044. gas station where I fill up on love." Write FMC, P.O. Box Personals (215) 674-2875. 427, Yellow Springs, OH 45387. Phone: (513) 767·1311, or Single Booklovers gets cuhured, single, widowed, or divorc­ (513) 767·1818. ed persons acquainted. Nationwide, run by Friends. Services Offered Vermont Adventure: The Farm and Wilderness camps seek Established 1970. Write Box 117, Gradyville, PA 19039, or cooks and counselors for a 9-week summer program. Skills call (215) 356-5049. General Contractor. Repairs or a~erations on old or in cooking, farming, canoeing, hiking, swimming, carpentry, Claslcal Music Lovers' Exchange-Nationwide link be­ historical buildings. Storm and fire damage restored. John and crafts. Quaker leadership, diversified community. Write tween unattached music lovers. 1 (BOO) 233-CMLS, Box 31, File, 1147 Bloomdale Rd., Philadelphia, PA 19115. (215) or cail Carta M. Mazzarietlo, Farm and Wilderness, HCR 70, Pelham, NY 10803. 464-2207. Box 27, Plymouth, VT 05056. (802) 422-3761 .

F'RIENDS J OURNAL January 1992 47 1991 ushered in Desert Storm and a whirlwind of nonviolent activism: service men and women who refused to participate in the war, peace rallies, vigils, letters, and phone calls to Congress and the White House. Friends journal kept you in touch with Quaker activities, thoughts, and opm10ns. 1992 is emerging with its own set of conflicts. As the struggle for peace continues, you can stay connected with the Quaker network by subscribing to Friends journal. Just use the coupon below. It's that easy.

I enclose: 0 $18 for one year 0 $34 for two years 0 This is a gift subscription. 0 $6 additional for an address 0 Send renewal notice to me. outside North America. 0 Send renewal notice to recipient.

Send to: Gift from:------­ Address: Address:

1501 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102-1497 FRIENDS JOURNAL (215) 241-7115 Fax: (215) 568-13 77