DOCSLIB.ORG

Pacifist Movement in the Methodist Church During World War II: a Study of Civilian Public Service Men in a Non­ Pacifist Church -

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pacifist Movement in the Methodist Church During World War II: a Study of Civilian Public Service Men in a Non­ Pacifist Church - THE PACIFIST L-10V&"!ENT IN THE HETHODIST CHURCH DURING WORLD WAR II: A STUDY OF CIVILIP...!.'l PUBLIC SERVICE :OlEN IN A NONPACIFIST CHURCH bv.J. E. Keith Ewing A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Humanities in Partial Fulfillment of the R~quirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, Florida May 1982 THE PACIFIST MOVEMENT IN THE METHODIST CHURCH DURING WORLD WAR II: A STUDY OF CIVILIAN PUBLIC SERVICE MEN IN A NO~~AC!F!ST CWJRCE by E. Keith Ewing This thesis was prepared under the direction of the candi­ date's thesis advisor, Dr. John O'Sullivan, Department of History, and has been approved by the members of his supervisory committee. It was submitted to the faculty of the College of Humanities and was accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: Cha1rman, Depar nt of « .... -· y ar- History !>e;Aat~ nea~eg~ft::ties Studies Date/ ' _.1..1.i .: .: ACKNOHLEDGHENT The appreciation of the writer is expressed to the supervisory committee: Dr. John O'Sullivan, Dr. Heather Frazer, anc Dr. Donald Curl. Each cf these persons has ~ ~~-~ ~~~--~-~~ euabled the w~ite~ to bscc~e '""" ..... ......,.-c. "'"'J"' .. "!:'c '-~.L.L"""' historia~. A special acknowledgment is rendered Dr. O'Sullivar. for many hours of ~,hurried consult~tion in encouraging the writer to perfect the thesis in a logical, scholarly style. iv ABSTRACT Author: E. Keith Ewing Title: The Pacifist Movement in The Methodist Church During World War II: A Study of Civilian Public Service Men in a Non­ pacifist Church - ..... ..Lns-c~t:u-c~cn: Florida Atlantic University Degree: Master of Arts Year: 1982 The Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 provided that the conscientious objector could do "work of na- tional importance under civilian direction." The arrange- ment worked out between the government and the·National Service Board for Religious Objectors was the Civilian Public Service camps. The Methodist Church had the largest number of Civilian Public Service men of any non- pacifist church. Methodists strongly emphasized pacifism and the evils of war in the 1930s, especially among the youth. This thesis examines a number of the Methodist men who chose Civilian Public Service instead of either combatant or noncorobata~t military se~:icG. The concerns itself with the church's influence upon them, their relationship to the church while in Civilian Public Service, and the effect of this experience on their rela- tionship to th~ church following their service. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT •.•. v LIST OF TABLES . vii ,1... __ ._ __ '-110. ~ \...CL. I. INTRODUCTION • • . l II. THE MIXED RESPONSE OF THE r-1ETHODIST CHURCH TO WORLD WAR II . 18 III. INTERVIEWS ~~ QUESTIONF-~IRES ANALYZED • • • . • • • • 43 Introduction The Influence of the Methodist Church The Methodist Church Support of C.P.S. Men Specific Ministries of the Methodist Church to C.P.S. Men The Effect of C.P.S. on Attitudes Toward the Church Reaction to 1944 General Conference Mutual Fellowship Experienced By Methodists in C.P.S. Attitudes Toward Historic Peace Churches Evaluation of the C.P.S. Experience CONCLUSION • 135 APPENDIX 148 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 151 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Respondents Who Indicated They Still Ass~~e an Active Role in Church Leadership . ..,0'7 , vii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The Methodist Church from the time of its begin- ning as a fervent, evangelical movement within the Church of England in the eighteenth century under the guidance of ~~at methodical and committed Anglican priest, John Wesley, to its present day American counterpart, the United Methodist Church, has expressed its faith more in practical applications than in doctrinal pronouncements. Wesley's evangelicalism led to a vision of the world as his parish and the improvemenc of life in the midst of moral decay as his mission. Wesley and his disciples, although earnestly concerned for theological scholarship, disciplined them­ selves to take the love of God into the slums, prisons, mines, and homes of England, and in so doing, laid a foundation that to this day is a cherished heritage of the people called Met..hodist: a vital piety that expresses itself by evaluating social issues, i.e., alcohol, gambling, prisons, family life, international relations, by the standards of the Christian faith. One writer notes that Wesley's sermons denounced slavery as the "worst of all villainies," and the sale of 1 2 alcoholic beverage as sending "men to hell like sheep." He writes tb.at Wesley termed war a ::reproach to a.L.L reason and humanity", and the fighting of war as a forgetting of God .... By the second half of the eighteenth century the !·1ethodist movE:l-nent made its way to A...-nerica by t.'l.e influ- ence of English Methodists who came to the New World. The first missionary preachers, Richard Boardman and Joseph Pilmoor, were sent by Wesley in 1769. By this time, there were Methodist groups in New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, . 2 New Jersey, De 1 aware and V~rg~n~a. In 1771, Francis Asbury, "the British preacher who made the greatest impact upon early A..rnerican Methodism," arrived. By 1772, Wesley had placed him in charge of the . h . Am • 3 Me tho d ~st preac ers ~n er~ca. Asbury insisted that the preachers itinerate and ride the circuit, preaching wher- ever settlements sprang up. As they preached and organized, they spread "scriptual holiness" {the combining of the piety and social concern) in the new land. As the Methodist circuit rider became a part of the frontier lifei the Methodist movement exhibited this concern for social holi- ness. In late December, 1784, the Methodist Episcopal Church was formally organized in Baltimore, Maryland, and immediately evidenced its flexibility and creativity by ministering to the expanding American frontier rather than remaining in the coastal com.-nuni ties. lvhile it is readily ------.! --~ .&..t...-.&.. .a...L--- --- - _ ...... -1-.-- _;: ,c ___ ..__ -.C -t... ..... --'L.. J.;;;;•_:•_•';;!.!.".:'~U t....llO.t.... C....!lC:.1..'-== O.J..t:: C. .LlUJ.lUJt::.!.. VJ.. .J...Q.\,C:l.,..;:) V.!.. \,.,.llUJ...\,...11 struct·u.re and life that contribute to Het.~odism • s unique- ness, the on~ that is the concern of this study is the commitment to bringing the influence of the Christian faith upon social policy and public issues such as the Christian response to war. Georgia Harkness, ordained Methodist minister and theology professor, who taught, prior to her death, at Methodism's Garrett Biblical Institute, Evanston, Illinois, coiD.ments that Methodists have always been under "the im- pulse to take the imperatives of the gospel into the whole structure of human society" even when they have not been in agreement about what the gospel was saying at a par­ 4 ticular time on a particular issue. By 1907, five Methodist ministers had organized ~~e unofficial Methodist Federation for Social Service to engage the church in disturbing questions about the Christian faith and issues facing the developing industrial- ized! urban society. The Methodist Episcopal Church adopted a Social Creed in 1908, that stated social princi- pals by which the Christian and the church, as well as the society, should order their lives. With this action, 11 Methodism forthrightly ernbarked upon a career of social r: witness from which it never retreated."-' ...II The Social Creed, which could and would be adapted changi~g ,....1"""\n,.:;;.J.-.;",....~ n,, ~,,,..,...oo~il""''f"'f ~onor.::a1 (""'1""\1""'1- to social --··-----··- -.l --------··::;, --··---- --·· ferences, 6 was adopted by both the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and the ~1etl10dist Protestant Church wit..~in a few years. 7 This creed became the basic statement of the Federal (later National) Council of Churches of Christ in ~-~erica as their Social Creed of the Churches. 8 Keep in mind that this engagement of Christian faith, with the issues of the culture in which the church existed, was not approved by all Methodists. William Warren Sweet notes that some Methodists became the recipi- ents of the creed's judgments because of their businesses and/or personal beliefs. There were those who withdrew. The course was determined, however, and "at every General Conference since that time other courageous declarations and appeals have been issued."9 As t..he 1930s drew to a close, the ominous sounds of war were abroad in Europe, threatening to involve the United States. The Methodist Church, true to its practice of responding to critical social issues in the light of the Christian faith, would make policy statements through its General Conferences in regards to the individual Christian's response, as well as the church's response, to war. These statements directly influence our study and will be dis- cussed in detail. 5 r'lo1uiT'IfT n.ooniv int-I"\ Before ---·-·-:~ ---&;-..! ----- the core of this study; however, it is necessary to review the Methodist Church 1 s action, or lack of action, on ~~e issue of war and peace in the early years of the 1900s. A widespread feeling ~~ong Methodists was expressed in ~~e California Christian Advocate, ~~e publication of California Methodism, of Septeinber 22, 1917: "It is a little difficult to under- stand the mental operations of certain persons who pride 1n themselves as being conscientious objectors to war."~v One observer commented that in the Methodist Church during 11 World War I, "Pacifism was as suspect as treason." Two incidents during World War I substantiate the general feeling of support for the war in the }!ethodist Episcopal Church. The Reverend E. P. Ryland, superintend- ent of the Los Angeles district of the Methodist Episcopal Church, refused to participate in a series designed to promote patriotic support of the United States' participa- tion in the War.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • List of Civilian Public Service Camps 1941-1947 from Directory of Civilian Public Service: May, 1941 to March, 1947 (Washington, D.C
    List of Civilian Public Service Camps 1941-1947 from Directory of Civilian Public Service: May, 1941 to March, 1947 (Washington, D.C. : National Service Board for Religious Objectors, 1947), pp. x-xvi. No. Technical Agency Operating Group Location State Opening Closing Date Date A Soil Conservation Service American Friends Service Committee Richmond Indiana June 1941 July 1941 1 Forest Service Brethren Service Committee Manistee Michigan June 1941 July 1941 2 Forest Service American Friends Service Committee San Dimas California June 1941 December 1942 3 National Park Service American Friends Service Committee Patapsco Maryland May 1941 September 1942 4 Soil Conservation Service Mennonite Central Committee Grottoes Virginia May 1941 May 1946 5 Soil Conservation Service Mennonite Central Committee Colorado Springs Colorado June 1941 May 1946 6 Soil Conservation Service Brethren Service Committee Lagro Indiana May 1941 November 1944 7 Soil Conservation Service Brethren Service Committee Magnolia Arkansas June 1941 November 1944 8 Forest Service Mennonite Central Committee Marietta Ohio June 1941 April 1943 9 Forest Service American Friends Service Committee Petersham Massachusetts June 1941 October 1942 10 Forest Service American Friends Service Committee Royalston Massachusetts June 1941 October 1942 11 Forest Service American Friends Service Committee Ashburnham Massachusetts June 1941 October 1942 12 Forest Service American Friends Service Committee Cooperstown New York June 1941 May 1945 13 Forest Service Mennonite Central Committee
    [Show full text]
  • Civilian Public Service Publications MC.1236 Jon Sweitzer-Lamme
    Civilian Public Service publications MC.1236 Jon Sweitzer-Lamme. Last updated on August 31, 2020. Haverford College Quaker & Special Collections Civilian Public Service publications Table of Contents Summary Information....................................................................................................................................3 Biography/History..........................................................................................................................................4 Scope and Contents....................................................................................................................................... 4 Administrative Information........................................................................................................................... 5 Related Materials........................................................................................................................................... 5 Controlled Access Headings..........................................................................................................................5 Collection Inventory...................................................................................................................................... 7 - Page 2 - Civilian Public Service publications Summary Information Repository Haverford College Quaker & Special Collections Title Civilian Public Service publications Call number MC.1236 Date [inclusive] 1941-1946 Extent 6 boxes (6 boxes) Language English . Abstract This collection
    [Show full text]
  • Sectarian Christians and the American Carceral State During the First World War
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 12-2018 PRISONERS PRESENT ARMS: SECTARIAN CHRISTIANS AND THE AMERICAN CARCERAL STATE DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR Joshua Ward Jeffery University of Tennessee, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Recommended Citation Jeffery, Joshua Ward, "PRISONERS PRESENT ARMS: SECTARIAN CHRISTIANS AND THE AMERICAN CARCERAL STATE DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2018. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/5339 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Joshua Ward Jeffery entitled "PRISONERS PRESENT ARMS: SECTARIAN CHRISTIANS AND THE AMERICAN CARCERAL STATE DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in History. Ernest Freeberg, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Vejas G. Liulevicius, Tore Olsson Accepted for the Council: Dixie L. Thompson Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) PRISONERS PRESENT ARMS: SECTARIAN CHRISTIANS AND THE AMERICAN CARCERAL STATE DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR A Thesis Presented for the Master of Arts Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Joshua Ward Jeffery December 2018 ii For Candace.
    [Show full text]
  • Civilian Public Service
    , The Experience of the American Friends Service Committee . 1n Civilian Public Service * .. THE EXPERIENCE OF·, THE AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMMITTEE in CIVILIAN PUBLIC SERVICE UNDER THE SELECTIVE TRAINING & SERVICE ACT OF 194o , 1941- 1945 SUMMARY I. War-Time Service of the American Friends Service Committee: p. 5 1. Responsibility assumed by AFSC to share in administration of work of national importance for conscientious objectors under Selective Training and Service Act of 1940. II. The Recognition of Conscience p. 7 1. The Congress has recognized the vital democratic principle of religious freedom by providing an alternative to military service for men conscientiously opposed to war by reason of their religious training and belief. 2. As a result, over 10,000 loyal citizens subject to the draft have had the opportunity to render a valuable national serv­ ice in accordance with their beliefs, rather than being sentenced to prison or the guardhouse. III. The National Contribution of Civilian Public Service p. 8 1. Areas of service: forest fire fighting and prevention, soil conservation, agriculture, care of the mentally ill and the mentally deficient, public health, human "guinea pigs" for medical research. 2. Value of service: 5,000,000 man days of labor without wages, and $5,000,000 ' cost of maintenance and direction contributed voluntarily through church agencies. 3. Constructive attitude and high quality of service of assignees in Friends Civilian Public Service program. IV. Inadequacies of Present Provisions for Conscientious Objectors · p. 10 1. J,.egal Problems: the provisions of the law have deprived the country of the service of niany sincere and genuine men, because conscience is not fully recognized.
    [Show full text]
  • The Minnesota Starvation Experiment Webinar Transcript
    Lessons from History: The Minnesota Starvation Experiment Webinar Transcript August, 18, 2021 [email protected]: Good afternoon and welcome to today's webinar titled, “Lessons from History: The Minnesota Starvation Experiment.” [email protected]: There arefew things to note regarding today's webinar. Participants will be muted upon entry and videos turned off. For technical assistance, we ask that you use the chat box. Number three, you will also receive an email in approximately three months requesting feedback and impact on this presentation. And lastly, we ask for you to visit us at www.nceedus.org/training to view other training opportunities that we may have. [email protected]: In addition, an evaluation form and slides from today's presentation will be sent out tomorrow morning. [email protected]: We will also have a 10 minute question and answer segment available at the end of this presentation. For any unanswered questions will be able to send you those responses from the presenter by email within one week from today's presentation. I will now introduce today's presenter. [email protected]: Today's presenter is Dr. Tonya Foreman, a Professor of Psychiatry at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill. She graduated from the University of Kentucky College of Medicine. [email protected]: And she did an adult psychiatry residency at Vanderbilt University, a child and adolescent psychiatry fellowship at the University of Florida, and a forensic psychiatry fellowship at Yale University. [email protected]: Before coming to UNC in 2017, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Civilian Public Service and Conscientious Objectors in World War II
    “An Experiment in Democracy:” Civilian Public Service and Conscientious Objectors in World War II A Senior Honors Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment for graduation with research distinction in History in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University By Marcus Yoder The Ohio State University April 2010 Project Advisor: Professor Richard Shiels, Department of History i Acknowledgments There are many who deserve thanks for their help in this project. Dr. Richard Shiels has constantly encouraged and supported this thesis and my undergraduate work. His unfailing support and direction was imperative. He, along with Dr. Harding Ganz, has shown me what a true historian does. Their belief in me allowed me to follow my dream of becoming a historian. A special thanks to Dr. Lucy Murphy who first encouraged me in this project in her gateway history class. The History Department of Ohio State University at Newark is a special gift and I am very grateful for their contribution. Their constant support and encouragement, along with Professor Stephen Evans and John Crissinger, has been a special gift to me. Most of all, thanks to my partner in this work and in life, Norita, for her support and encouragement which has enriched this work and my world immeasurably. ii Terms and Abbreviations AFSC = American Friends Service Committee BSC= Brethren Service Committee CCC -- Civilian Conservation Corps CO -- Conscientious Objectors CPS -- Civilian Public Service FSA – Farm Security Administration HPC – Historic Peace Churches MCC – Mennonite Central Committee MWPC = Methodist World Peace Commission SSS = Selective Service System NPS – National Park Service NSBRO -- National Service Board for Religious Objectors OSRD – Office of Scientific Research and Development PAX – Post war Mennonite Relief agency patterned after CPS WRA—War Relocation Authority iii Laws and Classifications Burkes-Wadsworth Selective Service Bill –Introduced to US Senate on 20 June 1940, Passed in Senate and House on 13 Sept.
    [Show full text]
  • ABANDONED PACIFIST DOCTRINES of the OHIO VALLEY FRIENDS DURING WORLD WAR II a Dissertation Presented
    QUAKER YOUTH INCARCERATED: ABANDONED PACIFIST DOCTRINES OF THE OHIO VALLEY FRIENDS DURING WORLD WAR II A Dissertation Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Peter S. Guiler August 2011 QUAKER YOUTH INCARCERATED: ABANDONED PACIFIST DOCTRINES OF THE OHIO VALLEY FRIENDS DURING WORLD WAR II Peter S. Guiler Dissertation Approved: Accepted: _______________________________ _____________________________ Advisor Department Chair Dr. Walter Hixson Dr. Michael M. Sheng _______________________________ ______________________________ Co-Advisor/Committee Member Dean of College Dr. Kenneth Bindas Dr. Chand Midha ______________________________ ______________________________ Committee Member Dean of Graduate School Dr. Kathryn Feltey Dr. George R. Newkome ______________________________ ______________________________ Committee Member Date Dr. Kevin Kern ______________________________ Committee Member Dr. Elizabeth Mancke ii ABSTRACT Religious groups use strong doctrinal markers to ensure and maintain their integrity and more importantly, their identity. The Ohio Valley Friends counted themselves among the traditional pacifist denominations throughout the United States in the twentieth century. With the onset of World War II, they dutifully followed this doctrine of pacifism incarcerating their youth in their own sponsored conscientious objector camp in Coshocton, Ohio. Driven by this central tenet of pacifism, through an ageist struggle to maintain identity,
    [Show full text]
  • Robert “Bob” Patterson Mccullagh Interviewer: Dorothy Nichols
    ROBERT MCCULLAGH ARCHIVAL DOCUMENT Interviewee: Robert “Bob” Patterson McCullagh Interviewer: Dorothy Nichols; Jeanine McCullagh (wife) and Martin Smith (friend) Archival Processors: Katy Shenk and Mairin Corasaniti Copyeditors: Erica Fugger and Cameron Vanderscoff Date: May 17, 1992 Location: Morro Bay, California Session Number: 1 Project: National Home Front Project Interview Contributor: Four Men of Peace and an Episcopalian Accession Number: McCullaghRobert_HFN-OH_051792 ABSTRACT Biography Robert “Bob” Patterson McCullagh was born in 1915 in Monrovia, California. After high school, he was drafted and subsequently enlisted as a conscientious objector during World War II based on his religion. Robert was sent to Three Rivers Camp, a Mennonite-run Civilian Public Service camp in California under the direction of the National Forest Service. After later serving in the print shop at the Ohio State Hospital for the Criminally Insane, Robert volunteered to participate in the Semi-starvation Experiment conducted at the University of Minnesota. At the conclusion of the experiment, Robert returned to Three Rivers CamP, where he was discharged. After the war, he attended seminary and became ordained in the United Methodist Church, working for thirty-one years in their ministries at the University of California, Los Angeles, the University of South Dakota, the University of Hawaii, California Polytechnic State University at San Luis Obispo, and Morro Bay. Robert later retired to San Diego, California. Summary In this interview, Robert recalls being denied conscientious objector status by his draft board and appealing the decision. He recounts working at Three Rivers CamP and wanting to serve his country by participating in a semi-starvation experiment.
    [Show full text]
  • Share Your Story of the Legacies of Conscientious Objectors
    Share your story of the legacies of conscientious objectors. These can be added to the notebook in the “Voices of Conscience” exhibit. If you prefer, your stories can be emailed to Kauffman Museum at [email protected]. Your name:___________________________________________________________ Websites Civilian Public Service: World War I--The CO Problem http://civilianpublicservice.org/storybegins/krehbiel/world-war-1 Conflict within the Conflict: Mennonite Conscientious Objectors in Central Kansas during World War I (National History Day top ten junior website) http://98280678.nhd.weebly.com/ International Encyclopedia of the First World War http://www.1914-1918-online.net/ Kansas World War I Centennial Committee--Conscientious Objector: Herbert Nickson Baker https://www.kansasww1.org/herbert-nickson-baker-conscientious-objector/ Mennonite Library and Archives, Bethel College, North Newton, Kansas https://mla.bethelks.edu/ww1.html National WWI Museum and Memorial, Kansas City, Missouri https://www.theworldwar.org/ Peace Pledge Union, CO Project, London, United Kingdom http://www.ppu.org.uk/coproject/coww1a.html Swarthmore College Peace Collection, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania https://www.swarthmore.edu/library/peace/peacewebsite/scpcWebsite/Documents/COsource s.htm White Feather Diaries http://www.whitefeatherdiaries.org/ World War I On-line, Home Before the Leaves Fall https://wwionline.org/articles/conscientious-objection-during-world-war-i/ Books Addams, Jane. Jane Addams on Peace, War and International Understanding. Garland, 1976. Almond, David, et al. The Great War: Stories Inspired by Items from the First World War. Candlewick, 2015. Voices of Conscience: Read & Reflect page 1 Aronson, Amy Beth. “‘Pacifist Revolutionary’: Crystal Eastman, the Dilemmas of Intersectionalism, and the Struggle for World Peace.” Living War, Thinking Peace (1914- 1924), edited by Bruna Bianchi and Geraldine Ludbrook.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion and American Troops in World War Ii
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--History History 2013 BEYOND THE BATTLE: RELIGION AND AMERICAN TROOPS IN WORLD WAR II Kevin L. Walters University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Walters, Kevin L., "BEYOND THE BATTLE: RELIGION AND AMERICAN TROOPS IN WORLD WAR II" (2013). Theses and Dissertations--History. 21. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/history_etds/21 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the History at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--History by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained and attached hereto needed written permission statements(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine). I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless a preapproved embargo applies. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of my work.
    [Show full text]
  • By Reason of Religious Training and Belief
    Western Washington University Western CEDAR WWU Honors Program Senior Projects WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship Spring 1998 "By Reason of Religious Training and Belief ... ": A History of Conscientious Objection and Religion during the Vietnam War Karl D. (Karl Dwight) Nelson Western Washington University Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwu_honors Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Nelson, Karl D. (Karl Dwight), ""By Reason of Religious Training and Belief ... ": A History of Conscientious Objection and Religion during the Vietnam War" (1998). WWU Honors Program Senior Projects. 224. https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwu_honors/224 This Project is brought to you for free and open access by the WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in WWU Honors Program Senior Projects by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "By Reason of Religious Training and Belief... " A History of Conscientious Objection and Religion during the Vietnam War Karl D. Nelson Senior Project, University Honors Program Western Washington University An equal opportunity umversity Honors Program Bellingham, Washington 98225-9089 (360)650-3034 Fax (360) 650-7305 HONORS THESIS In presenting this Honors paper in partial requirements for a bachelor's degree at Western Washington University, I agree that the Library shall make its copies freely available for inspection. I further agree that extensive copying of this thesis is allowable only for scholarly purposes. It is understood that any publication of this thesis for commercial purposes or for financial ,:ain shall not be allowed without my written permission.
    [Show full text]
  • Intersections MCC Theory & Practice Quarterly
    + Intersections MCC theory & practice quarterly Winter 2015 Volume 3, Issue 1 Compiled by Esther Epp-Tiessen and Titus Peachey Conscientious objection 2 International law and Conscientious objection to war is a long-standing and central conviction conscientious objection for the Anabaptist groups who constitute MCC’s core supporting by Esther Epp-Tiessen constituency. Rooted in a commitment to Jesus’ way of peace, nonviolence and love of enemy, conscientious objection is a dynamic and courageous 3 Country profiles of practice that is always adjusting to new contexts and pressures. conscientious objection The term conscientious objection came into prominence in the early by Jae-Young Lee, Anna Vogt twentieth century. It is generally understood as the principle of refusing and Ruth Hiller to participate in military service because of moral, ethical or religious convictions. Conscientious objectors (or COs, as they are frequently 6 Privilege, right and called) refuse to perform military service on the basis of this principle. responsibility: peace and Historically, conscientious objector status has been considered in the Mennonites in the U.S. and context of military conscription, but there is growing recognition that Canada by Royden Loewen individuals who voluntarily join the military may also develop a stance of conscientious objection. 8 Conscientious objection: a U.S. veteran’s perspective Early Anabaptist confessions—and most Mennonite and Brethren in Christ confessions today—uphold a commitment of refusing to “bear the sword.” by Evan K.M. Knappenberger Over the centuries, Anabaptists suffered persecution, imprisonment and 10 When peace church even death for their adherence to this principle. Those who live in Canada and the U.S.
    [Show full text]