Margaret Chase Smith Library

Guide to the Archives

56 Norridgewock Avenue Skowhegan ME 04976 207-474-7133 www.mcslibrary.org

CONTENTS

Foreword 3

Margaret Chase Smith: A Biographical Sketch 4

The Life of Margaret Chase Smith: A Chronology 8

Introduction 12

Major Subject Files 13

Files in Archives 17

Selected Video List 28

Selected Audio List 29

Printed Interviews 33

2

FOREWORD

The Margaret Chase Smith Library is a Congressional research library and archives which houses the papers, political memorabilia, documents and honors stemming from the thirty-two year career in Congress of former Senator Margaret Chase Smith. Located on fifteen picturesque acres overlooking the banks of the Kennebec River in Senator Smith’s hometown of Skowhegan, , the Library was built under the auspices of Northwood University in Midland, Michigan, contiguously to her residence and dedicated in August of 1982. Since 2012, it has operated under the auspices of the University of Maine. Opened to researchers in 1983, the facility stands as a worthy tribute to Margaret Chase Smith’s integrity, high standards and to her major contributions to United States History.

This guide to the Margaret Chase Smith Papers provides scholars with an overview of the collection. Additional assistance will be provided individuals upon their arrival at the Library.

3 MARGARET CHASE SMITH A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

One of the outstanding twentieth century American political leaders is a woman from Maine. Margaret Chase Smith advanced from local political activities in Maine to the highest levels of national and world-wide politics. Her political career was a masterpiece of achievement. It greatly influenced the course for women as they aspired to public service.

On December 14, 1897, Margaret Chase was born in the small, mill town of Skowhegan, Maine. She was the eldest of the six children of George Emery Chase and Carrie Murray Chase. Her mother had worked in a local factory prior to her marriage. Her father was a barber.

Like many families of that era, the Chases had to struggle to provide their children with the necessities of life. Carrie often worked outside the home in a local store, a shoe factory and as a waitress in the Coburn Hotel. Margaret fondly recalled how her parents kept the family together in spite of hard times. The Chases fostered hard work and self-reliance in their children, but there were few indications that their eldest child would become an international figure. Margaret Chase Smith's story is all the more remarkable because of its inauspicious beginnings.

As a girl and a young woman, Margaret worked in a five-and-ten-cent store, did tax work in the town selectmen's office, taught briefly in a one-room school, worked as a telephone operator and on the local newspaper. She was one of the founders and charter members of the Skowhegan Business and Professional Women's Club. While she was business manager of a major textile mill in Skowhegan, Margaret fell in love with Clyde H. Smith, a prominent local and state politician. In 1930, they married. With Margaret's help, Clyde was elected to the United States House of Representatives from Maine's Second Congressional District in 1936. From 1936 to 1940, Margaret served as Clyde's office manager, chief campaign organizer, and executive assistant.

Despite a serious heart ailment, Clyde campaigned for re-election in 1940. He suffered a fatal attack in April of that year after appealing to his constituents to elect his wife should he be unable to continue his campaign. As a result of Clyde's death, Margaret was faced with running in a special primary to fill her husband's unexpired term; a special election; the regular primary and the general election. Four campaigns in five months seemed an insurmountable task but Margaret Chase Smith beat the odds and won election to the U.S. House of Representatives in September, 1940. She subsequently won re-election in 1942, 1944, and 1946.

As a Congresswoman, Representative Smith established a reputation for honesty and integrity. Her greatest achievement in the House was her success in obtaining permanent status for women in the military. Because of her efforts on behalf of nurses in

4 the far Pacific during World War II and her fight to secure permanent status, Margaret Chase Smith inaccurately has been called the "Mother of the WAVES." She earned great respect from women in the military for her unending support of their cause.

In 1948, Margaret Chase Smith decided to run for the . This was a daring decision for Representative Smith. No woman had been elected to the Senate in her own right. Margaret faced formidable opposition in the Republican primary in the persons of a popular sitting Governor and also a former Governor of Maine. She was giving up a safe seat in the House in order to run a campaign in which she lacked the support of the Maine State Republican Party. Nevertheless, her determination brought an election victory which won her the attention and respect of Maine and the Nation. Her margin of victory in the primary exceeded the total votes garnered by her powerful opponents combined. She easily defeated the Democratic nominee in the general election.

During the 1948 campaign, a young man named William C. Lewis, Jr. served as Representative Smith's campaign manager. Lewis became her executive assistant in the Senate and remained her closest aide and confidante until his death in 1982. Lewis, a Major General in the Air Force Reserves and an attorney, was an astute political observer. He ably assisted Senator Smith during her twenty-four years in the Senate.

Margaret Chase Smith served Maine and her country during the administrations of six Presidents from Franklin D. Roosevelt through Richard M. Nixon's first term. During that time, she adhered to a two-pronged philosophy that became her political trademark. She maintained a steadfast belief that a member of Congress should remain on the job while Congress was in session. Reflecting this belief, she held the all-time roll call voting record in the Senate until 1981 with 2,941 consecutive roll call votes. The second part of her philosophy was a refusal to spend large amounts of money on her re- election campaigns. This frugality earned her wide approval among her constituents and was a factor in her unprecedented vote totals in election after election.

Throughout her political career, Senator Smith maintained an interest in military affairs. She made significant contributions to the nation's security through her work on the House Naval Affairs Committee, the Senate Armed Services Committee and various subcommittees. Eventually, Margaret Chase Smith became the ranking Republican on the Senate Armed Services Committee. She also served on the powerful Appropriations Committee.

In spite of her legislative accomplishments, Senator Smith admits that her greatest contribution to the country's well-being was her consistent stand against bigotry and injustice. Her opposition to the excesses of "McCarthyism" in the early 1950s demonstrated to the nation her courage and devotion to conscience and justice. In her own words, she said:

5 "If I am to be remembered in history, it will not be because of legislative accomplishments, but for an act I took as a legislator in the U.S. Senate when on June 1, 1950, I spoke . . .in condemnation of McCarthyism when the junior Senator from had the Senate paralyzed with fear that he would purge any Senator who disagreed with him. That speech is known as the 'Declaration of Conscience."

The Declaration of Conscience was the beginning of the end of Joseph McCarthy. However, it caused Senator Smith to feel the full brunt of McCarthy's vengeance. He dropped her from a key investigation subcommittee even though such action ran contrary to Senate tradition. McCarthy also attempted to defeat Senator Smith during her 1954 re- election campaign. The voters of Maine refused to be influenced by outsiders and they returned Margaret for her second of four Senate terms.

In 1954, Senator Smith organized and personally financed a trip to twenty-three countries around the world in order to become better informed of conditions in a rapidly changing post-war world. She personally met and conferred with leaders such as Churchill, DeGaulle, Adenauer, Franco, Nasser, U Nu, Molotov and Chiang Kai-shek. This trip, filmed by Edward R. Murrow, helped to establish Senator Smith as a respected world leader in her own right.

Among the many firsts in Senator Smith's career was her re-election campaign in 1960. For the first time in American politics, two women opposed each other for a seat in the Senate. Margaret Chase Smith defeated Lucia Cormier in a campaign characterized by dignity and integrity on both sides. It was not until 1986 that two women again sought the same Senate seat.

During the 1952 and 1956 Presidential campaigns, Margaret Chase Smith received consideration as a possible Vice-Presidential candidate. In the fall of 1963, however, her name surfaced as a suggested candidate for the Presidency. After discussing the matter with General Lewis, Senator Smith decided to seek the Republican nomination for President of the United States. On January 27, 1964, she launched her campaign that went all the way to the Republican convention in San Francisco that summer. She finished with 27 committed delegates and a great many vocal supporters. Although she did not win, she became the first woman in U.S. history to have her name placed in nomination for the Presidency by a major political party.

Margaret Chase Smith was one of the original members of the Senate committee which dealt with space exploration. So active was she in the U.S. space program that the director of NASA said, "If it were not for a woman, Margaret Chase Smith, we never would have placed a man on the moon."

Of all of her legislative achievements, Senator Smith regards her efforts in support of medical research to be of prime importance. In 1955, she spearheaded a five-

6 year, five-billion-dollar program for the expansion of medical research. This program resulted in a remarkable increase in research on college and university campuses.

Following her retirement from politics in 1973, Margaret Chase Smith became a visiting lecturer under the auspices of the National Fellowship Foundation. For three years she met with college students and discussed problems facing the nation.

In the summer of 1989 she received the highest honor this Nation can confer on a citizen. President George Bush presented her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in ceremonies at the White House. In July of 1990, the General Federation of Women's Clubs awarded Senator Smith the prestigious Woman of Achievement in Government Award in City. At a Margaret Chase Smith Day ceremony in her hometown of Skowhegan, Senator Smith received the Citizen of the Year Award from the National Conference on Citizenship which was to have been presented by President Ronald Reagan in 1986. These and countless other awards can be seen in the museum portion of the Margaret Chase Smith Library in Skowhegan.

The years following her retirement from the Senate saw great numbers of honors conferred on Senator Smith as she received recognition from all over the country as well as from the people of Maine and Skowhegan. In 1991, she received her ninety-fifth honorary doctoral degree, conferred on her by Colby College of Maine, having received her 93rd and 94th degrees from Muhlenberg College of Allentown, Pennsylvania, and Maine Maritime Academy.

Margaret Chase Smith passed away on Memorial Day--Monday, May 29, 1995.

7 THE LIFE OF MARGARET CHASE SMITH: A CHRONOLOGY

1897 Born December 14 to George Emery and Carrie Murray Chase in Skowhegan, Maine.

1916 Graduated from Skowhegan High School.

1916-17 Taught for twenty-eight weeks in the one-room Pitts School.

1918 Worked as a telephone operator for Maine Telephone and Telegraph Company.

1919 Joined staff of the Independent Reporter, a weekly newspaper in Skowhegan. Employed for eight years, including tenure as circulation manager.

1922 Organized Skowhegan chapter of Business and Professional Women’s Club.

1923 Named President of Maine Federation of Business and Professional Women’s Club.

1928 Served as Office Manager for Daniel E. Cummings Company, a Skowhegan woolen mill.

1930 Married Clyde H. Smith on May 14.

1930-36 Served as a member of the Maine Republican State Committee.

1936 Clyde H. Smith elected to United States House of Representatives.

1937-40 Served as secretary to Congressman Clyde H. Smith.

1938 Delivered Navy Day Speech emphasizing a need for war preparedness.

1940 Clyde H. Smith died in April. Margaret Chase Smith won special election to fill the unexpired term of her late husband. In June, won regularly scheduled primary. Elected to U.S. House of Representatives in September general election.

1943 Appointed to House Naval Affairs Committee

1944 Named Technical Advisor to the International Labor Organization (ILO) by Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins. Studied how women might contribute to post-war employment planning. Named Chair

8 of Maine State Republican Convention.

Inspection tour of South Pacific Naval bases in November as member of House Naval Affairs Committee’s Subcommittee on Congested Areas. Sponsor of legislation permitting women to serve in the Pacific region during war. Began study of granting permanent status in military for women.

1945 Introduced legislation granting permanent status in military for women. Co-sponsored Equal Rights Amendment.

1947 In April, President Truman signed Army-Navy Permanent Nurse Corps Bill sponsored by Margaret Chase Smith. She announced her candidacy for the United States Senate seat vacated by Senate Majority Leader Wallace White.

1948 Elected to United States Senate, becoming first woman in U.S. history to be elected to both Houses of Congress.

1949-54 Senator Smith’s daily newspaper column, Washington and You begun in 1941, is syndicated nationally.

1950 Delivered her Declaration of Conscience speech on the Senate floor, June 1. This was one of the earliest attempts to bring reason to the debate surrounding McCarthyism. Traveled to Florence, , as U.S. delegate to the UNESCO conference. Appointed Lt. Colonel in the U.S. Air Force Reserves.

1952 Grassroots movement organized to lobby Republican National Convention on behalf of a Margaret Chase Smith for Vice President campaign.

1954 Defeated Robert L. Jones, a McCarthy candidate, in Maine Republican Primary in June. Won reelection to the U.S. Senate in September. Visited with the heads of state in twenty-three nations on a World Tour. Returned to the U.S. for the Senate censure vote of Joseph McCarthy in December.

1955 Resumed World Tour in February.

1956 Debated Eleanor Roosevelt during Presidential campaign on CBS’ Face the Nation.

1957 Passenger in F-100 jet fighter breaking sound barrier.

9 1959 Opposed President Eisenhower’s appointment of Lewis Strauss as Secretary of Commerce.

1960 Defeated Lucia Cormier for reelection to the U.S. Senate. First campaign in which two women opposed one another for Senate seat.

1963 Cast vote in opposition to President John F. Kennedy’s Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Accompanied President Kennedy to University of Maine in October.

1964 Nominated for President of the United States at the Republican National Convention in San Francisco. Only woman to have name placed in nomination by a major political party.

1966 Won fourth term to U.S. Senate.

1967 Unanimously elected Chair of the Conference of Republican Senators.

1968 Underwent hip surgery; missed first vote in Congress in thirteen years. Held record for 2,941 consecutive roll calls.

1969 Cast crucial vote in opposition to President Nixon’s nomination of Clement F. Haynsworth for the U.S. Supreme Court.

1970 Opposed President Nixon’s nomination of G. Harrold Carswell for the Supreme Court. Delivered Second Declaration of Conscience on June 1 in reaction to disruptions on college campuses and antiwar protests.

1972 Defeated in reelection bid for a fifth term in the U.S. Senate by Representative William Hathaway.

1973-76 Visiting Professor for Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation.

1976 Named to Board of Directors of Lilly Endowment, Inc.

1982 Margaret Chase Smith Library dedicated in August.

1989 Received the Presidential Medal of Freedom Award from President George Bush at White House Ceremony on July 6.

1990 Honored by the dedication of the Margaret Chase Smith Center for Public Policy at the University of Maine.

1991 Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York Elizabeth Blackwell Award. Recipient of ninety-five honorary degrees.

10 1992 National Association of Secretaries of State Margaret Chase Smith American Democracy Award.

1993 State of Maine Proclamation: Governor John R. McKernan, Jr. Margaret Chase Smith Day, December 14, 1993.

1994 National Semiconductor, recipient of the Margaret Chase Smith Maine State Quality Award, dedicated the Margaret Chase Smith Building.

1995 Passed away on Memorial Day, May 29, 1995.

1995 Posthumously: City Council, , ; State of Maine; Senate; Resolutions in her Memory

1997 Women in Military Service for America Foundation—Memorial Quote

1998 Women in Military Service for America Foundation—Senator Margaret Chase Smith Leadership Award; Senator Margaret Chase Smith Symposium

11 INTRODUCTION

DESCRIPTION OF COLLECTION

The Margaret Chase Smith Library’s archival holdings consist of more than ninety fireproof file cabinets which hold over 300,000 primary source documents from Senator Smith’s career. These include rare correspondence between Senator Smith and leading policymakers and government officials, as well as constituent correspondence and government hearings. In addition, the collection contains over five hundred bound scrapbooks assembled during Senator Smith’s career. The scrapbooks thoroughly document her career as seen in newspaper accounts and periodical literature. They also contain the newspaper column, Washington and You, written by Senator Smith between 1941 and 1954 (syndicated nationally from 1949-54). The collection holds forty-three volumes of Senator Smith’s speeches in Congress, her public pronouncements and reports to her constituents. The collection contains over five thousand photographs as well as extensive audio and video tapes.

POLICIES GOVERNING RESEARCH

The Library is open to researchers from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Monday through Friday. Arrangements may be made for earlier entry upon approval of the Director. Researchers are encouraged to notify the Library of plans to visit prior to arrival.

Researchers are required to complete an application prior to using archival materials. Documents and materials will be brought to researchers by staff members. Pencils, pens, and personal computers may be used for note taking provided they do not harm archival materials or disrupt Library activities. Video and audio tapes may be used under the supervision of staff. Photocopying services are available. Staff members can provide details on procedures and cost. The Library reserves the right to inspect any personal belongings brought into the research area.

RESEARCH GRANTS

A limited number of research grants are available through the Ada E. Leeke Research Fellowship to defray travel and living expenses for researchers visiting the Library. Generally, awards range from $300.00 to $1,000.00. Information on grants may be obtained by writing the Director at 56 Norridgewock Avenue, Skowhegan ME 04976; e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected].

12

MAJOR SUBJECT FILES

Aeronautical and Space Sciences Committee Agriculture Department Alabama Congressional Delegation Alaska Congressional Delegation American Bar Association American Institute of Public Opinion (standings of MCS in Gallup Polls) Appropriations Committee, U.S. Senate Arizona Congressional Delegation Arkansas Congressional Delegation Armed Services Committee Articles by MCS Atomic Energy Commission Bath Iron Works Corporation Bowdoin College Brewster, Ralph Owen Business and Professional Women’s Club California Congressional Delegation Campaign Diary Campaign Lists Central Intelligence Agency Chiang, Mei-Ling Civil Liberties Union Civil Rights Cohen, William S. Colby College Collector of Customs Colorado Congressional Delegation Columbia Broadcasting System Commerce Committee Commerce Department Communism Congress of the United States Congressional Club Connecticut Congressional Delegation Declaration of Conscience Speech Delaware Congressional Delegation Democratic National Committee Democratic Party Dickey-Lincoln School Hydro-Electric Power Project Economic Opportunity, Office of Eisenhower Administration Elections (1936-2008) Electoral College

13 Equal Rights Federal Communications Commission Fishing Industry Florida Congressional Delegation Foreign Relations Committee Georgia Congressional Delegation Government Operations Committee, U.S. Senate Gun Control Legislation Hawaii Congressional Delegation Haynsworth, Clement F. Hoover Administration Housing and Urban Development Idaho Congressional Delegation Illinois Congressional Delegation Indiana Congressional Delegation Interior Department Iowa Congressional Delegation Johnson Administration Judiciary Committee Justice Department (Federal Bureau of Investigation) Kansas Congressional Delegation Kennedy Administration Kentucky Congressional Delegation Korean War Labor Department Labor Organizations Library of Congress Litton Industries Louisiana Congressional Delegation Maine Business and Industry Maine Congressional Delegation (Minutes of Meetings) Maine Congressmen Maine Federation of Women’s Clubs Maine Highway Safety Committee Maine Legislature Maine Liquor Commission Investigation Maine Maritime Academy Maine Second Congressional District Maine State Liquor Commission Margaret Chase Smith Rose Martin, Marion Maryland Congressional Delegation Congressional Delegation McCarthy, Joseph R. Medical Research

14 Michigan Congressional Delegation Minnesota Congressional Delegation Mississippi Congressional Delegation Congressional Delegation Monks, Robert A. G. Montana Congressional Delegation Muskie, Edmund S. Nebraska Congressional Delegation Nevada Congressional Delegation New Hampshire Congressional Delegation New Jersey Congressional Delegation New Mexico Congressional Delegation New York Congressional Delegation Nixon Administration North Carolina Congressional Delegation North Dakota Congressional Delegation Northeast Airlines Ohio Congressional Delegation Oklahoma Congressional Delegation Oregon Congressional Delegation Partisan Republicans of California Passamaquoddy Tidal Power Project Payne, Frederick G. Pennsylvania Congressional Delegation Pentagon Papers Political Issues Postmaster Appointments in Maine Potato Industry Press Relationships Republican Party Rhode Island Congressional Delegation Roll Call Record Roll Call Resolution Rules and Administration Committee, U.S. Senate Second Declaration of Conscience Speech Senate Republican Conference Senate Republican Policy Committee Shoe Industry Smith, Clyde Harold South Carolina Congressional Delegation South Dakota Congressional Delegation State Department Student Disorders Supreme Court of the United States Telephone Industry Tennessee Congressional Delegation

15 Texas Congressional Delegation Textile Industry Townsend Plan Trade Legislation Treasury Department Trouble Truman Administration UnAmerican Activities Committee, (House UnAmerican Activities Committee, HUAC) United Nations, UNESCO USA Confidential United States Senate Vermont Congressional Delegation Vietnam War Virginia Congressional Delegation Voting Rights Act of 1965 Washington and You Washington Congressional Delegation West Virginia Congressional Delegation Wisconsin Congressional Delegation Women in Politics Women in the United States Women’s Christian Temperance Union World Trip (1954-55) Wyoming Congressional Delegation

16 FILES IN ARCHIVES

Abrahamson - Smith Correspondence - Abrahamson, Albert “Jim” Professor of Economics at Bowdoin College; former WPA Administrator for Maine; Special Assistant to Secretary of Labor. Collection includes bio- graphical article, correspondence with MCS, 1947-1986. Over 150 letters

Aiken - Smith Correspondence - Aiken, George Former Governor and U.S. Senator from Vermont. Correspondence with MCS, 1958-1978. File includes correspondence between Mrs. (Lola) Aiken and MCS. Also included: Metropolitan Broadcasting “Opinion in the Capital” interview with George Aiken, 12-8-63, 9 pp; numerous photographs

Alabama Congressional Delegation Allen, Maryon; 1 letter, 1 article Hill, Lister; 2 letters Sparkman, John; 2 letters

Alaska Congressional Delegation Bartlett, E. L.; 8 letters Gravel, Mike; miscellaneous materials related to U.S. v. Gravel Stevens, Ted; 1 letter

Alfond, Harold Owner of Dexter Shoe Co.; philanthropist; correspondence 1943-1989

Arizona Congressional Delegation Fannin, Paul; 2 letters Goldwater, Barry; correspondence 1959-88; articles; photographs; correspondence also in Armed Services Committee file Hayden, Carl; 2 letters; photographs

Arkansas Congressional Delegation Fulbright, J. William; a few letters McClellan, John L.; 3 letters

Baruch, Bernard Author of, “If a man had made the Declaration of Conscience speech, he would have been the next President of the United States,” Congressman from South Carolina, Senate Foreign Relations Committee; 3 files of correspondence

Baxter, Percival Former Governor of Maine; 5 letters

Bishop, Neil Candidate for U.S. Senate against Edmund S. Muskie in 1970; correspondence

17 Bolton, Frances P. U.S. House of Representatives from Ohio; correspondence 1953-77; interview Opinion in the Capital, 3-28-65, 13 pp.

Bowdoin College Sills, Kenneth C.M., President

Brennan, Joseph Former Governor of Maine; U.S. House of Representatives; correspondence 1983-89; news articles; photographs

Brewster, Ralph Owen Correspondence related to 1952 campaign; correspondence 1946-61

Caldwell, Bill Newspaper Columnist; correspondence from 1970s

California Congressional Delegation Cranston, Alan; 8 letters Douglas, Helen Gahagan; 4 letters Holifield, Chester; 1 letter Hosmer, Craig; correspondence relating to promotion in U.S.N. Reserves Knowland, William; 9 letters Kuchel, Thomas; 5 letters Lloyd, James; 2 letters Murphy, George; 3 letters and photographs Voorhis, Jerry; 3 letters

Carswell, G. Harrold Nixon nominee for U.S. Supreme Court; constituent correspondence regarding nomination; general materials.

Cherne, Leo Economist, Presidential Advisor; Executive Director, Research Institute of America; Board of Directors, Freedom House; Vice Chair of President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board. Correspondence, social; routine correspondence in Freedom House file; copies of 2 speeches.

Cohen, William S. U.S. Senator from Maine. Correspondence, mostly social; general materials

Colby College Strider, Robert, President

Colorado Congressional Delegation Allott, Gordon; 15 letters

18 Dominick, Peter H.; 8 letters Milliken, Eugene D.; 1 letter

Connecticut Congressional Delegation Bush, Prescott; 1 letter Dodd, Thomas J.; 1 letter Weicker, Lowell; 2 letters

Cormier, Lucia Ran against MCS in 1960 Senate campaign. Primarily press reports of campaign.

Cragin, Charles Former Gubernatorial candidate in Maine (1982); file contains correspondence, social; clippings

Cross, Burton Former Governor of Maine; correspondence with MCS 1948-58; social correspondence to 1988. General materials; photographs

Curtis, Kenneth Former Governor of Maine, Ambassador to Canada. President of Maine Maritime Academy; File contains official correspondence, 1966-70; 1970-88, correspondence, social, news clippings

Dewey, Thomas Former Governor of New York and Republican nominee for President in 1944-1948. Correspondence and news clippings

Eisenhower Administration Dwight D. Eisenhower, President 1953-61. 25 letters to MCS on various topics; 1 letter to Sherman Adams on Administration patronage policies; constituent correspondence re: campaigns, U-2 incident, misc.; general materials related to Eisenhower’s relations with MCS, campaigns, policies, etc.; photographs; material related to Eisenhower’s visit to Skowhegan, June 1955

Florida Congressional Delegation Bennett, Charles; 5 letters Chappell, William V., Jr.; l letter Chiles, Lawton M., Jr.; l letter Gurney, Edward J.; l letter Hawkins, Paula; l letter Holland, Spessard; l letter, photographs Pepper, Claude; l letter Smathers, George A.; rough notes of MCS on Smathers

19 Ford, Henry II 2 letters

Fortas, Abe Constituent correspondence; press reports.

Georgia Congressional Delegation Nunn, Sam; 2 letters Russell, Richard B., Jr.; correspondence, social, official, re: ASC hearings Vinson, Carl; correspondence 1945-75; copy of 1 speech, articles

Hale, Robert Former Congressman from Maine; small amount of correspondence

Hathaway, William Former Congressman and Senator from Maine; collection contains information and materials related to 1972 campaign v. MCS. Correspondence between MCS and Hathaway; press reports

Hawaii Congressional Delegation Fong, Hiram; 3 letters Inouye, Daniel; 4 letters

Haynsworth, Clement F. Nixon nominee for the U.S. Supreme Court. Constituent correspondence prior to and following vote; MCS statement; general materials and press accounts

Hildreth, Horace Former Governor of Maine; Ambassador to Pakistan; President, Bucknell University. Correspondence 1943-71; election materials from 1948 Primary

Hoover Administration Herbert Hoover, President 1929-33. 4 letters concerning Hoover Commission Report on Government Reorganization

Idaho Congressional Delegation Church, Frank; 2 letters, misc. Jordan, Len; 2 letters, photographs

Illinois Congressional Delegation Anderson, John; 1 letter Church, Marguerite Stitt; 2 letters, social Dirksen, Everett McKinley; photographs, correspondence Douglas, Paul H.; 9 letters; photo of Mrs. (Emily Taft) Douglas Percy, Charles; 3 letters Stevenson, Adlai E. III; 1 letter

20 Indiana Congressional Delegation Bayh, Birch; 3 letters; also materials in Electoral College file Capehart, Homer E.; 2 letters Jenner, William E.; 4 letters, materials pertaining to Japanese Peace Treaty

Iowa Congressional Delegation Hickenlooper, Bourke B.; 5 letters, photograph Miller, Jack; 3 letters, materials related to Miller’s promotion in reserves.

Johnson Administration Lyndon B. Johnson, President, 1963-1969; Oral History Interview with MCS on 7/20/75, 49 pp.; Johnson, Lady Bird; 87 letters, social; LBJ correspondence with MCS, 1957-72, over 30 letters; Correspondence, general; 5 letters from Lawrence F. O’Brien; photographs, numerous; general materials

Justice Department Hoover, J. Edgar; 20 letters, 1949-72

Kansas Congressional Delegation Dole, Robert J.; correspondence, social Kassebaum, Nancy Landon; correspondence, social Schoeppel, Andrew F.; 1 letter

Kennedy Administration John F. Kennedy, President, 1961-1963, General Materials; photos related to JFK visit to University of Maine, 10/63

Kentucky Congressional Delegation Chelf, Frank; 1 letter Cook, Marlow W.; 1 letter Cooper, John Sherman; correspondence 1964-87, approximately 10 letters Morton, Thruston B.; 1 letter

King, Angus Former Governor of Maine, 1995-2003; U. S. Senator, correspondence, photographs

Larrabee, Don Maine’s D.C. Liaison - National Press

Lodge, Henry Cabot Richard Nixon’s running mate in 1960; 4 letters, social

Longley, James B. Former Governor of Maine, 1974-78. Correspondence, social, official

21 Louisiana Congressional Delegation Boggs, Lindy; 3 letters Ellender, Allen J.; 4 letters, press clippings Long, Russell; l letter Willis, Edwin E.; 1 letter pertaining to Electoral College

Luce, Clare Boothe Ambassador to Italy; Congresswoman 1943-47; Editor of Vanity Fair Magazine

Maine Congressional Delegation Minutes of Meetings

Maine Congressmen Collins, Susan; correspondence, photographs, press reports Emery, David; 1 letter Fellows, Frank; MCS Statement on death of Fellows Kyros, Peter; 5 letters, general materials, press reports McIntire, Clifford G.; extensive correspondence with MCS; general materials Moran, Edward C., Jr.; Correspondence Nelson, Charles P.; 1 letter Oliver, James; correspondence; general material Snowe, Olympia; correspondence; news articles Tupper, Stanley; correspondence; press reports

Maine Legislature Several correspondence folders

Martin, Marion Former Commissioner, Maine Department of Labor and Industry, former Assistant to Republican National Committee Chairman; correspondence 1946-53

Maryland Congressional Delegation Beall, J. Glenn; 2 letters Mathias, Charles McCurdy, Jr.; 4 letters

Massachusetts Congressional Delegation Brooke, Edward W., III; 8 letters Heselton, John W.; 1 letter Kennedy, Edward J.; constituent letters, general materials Martin, Joseph W., Jr.; former Speaker of the House, 7 letters, 1944-66 McCormack, John W.; former Speaker of the House, 3 letters Saltonstall, Leverett; 15 letters, 1953-77; photographs Smith, Benjamin A., II; photograph

22 McCarthy, Joseph Raymond One full file drawer with items pertaining to Senator McCarthy; Army-McCarthy Hearings; Censure; Death; Maryland Senatorial Election; Espionage by McCarthy; McCarthy opposition; McCarthyism; Tail Gunner Joe; Speeches

McKernan, John R., Jr. Former Governor of Maine, U.S. House of Representatives; correspondence

Michigan Congressional Delegation Ferguson, Homer; 4 letters Griffin, Robert P.; 2 letters Hart, Philip; 1 letter Vandenberg, Arthur; 1 letter

Minnesota Congressional Delegation Humphrey, Hubert H., Jr.; 9 letters McCarthy Eugene; 2 letters Mondale, Walter; 1 letter

Mississippi Congressional Delegation Stennis, John; correspondence, official and social

Missouri Congressional Delegation Burlison, William D.; photographs Hennings, Thomas C., Jr.; 4 letters Kem, James P.; l letter Sullivan, Leonor K.; 1 letter Symington, Stuart; 9 letters

Mitchell, George Senate Majority Leader, Correspondence, general materials, articles

Monks, Robert A.G. Materials related to 1972 Republican Primary campaign

Montana Congressional Delegation Mansfield, Mike; correspondence, photographs Metcalf, Lee; l letter Rankin, Jeannette; l letter

Muskie, Edmund S. Former Governor of Maine, U.S. Senator, Secretary of State. Extensive correspondence with MCS, 1955-88; press clippings on Muskie’s career; general materials

23 Nebraska Congressional Delegation Butler, Hugh; 2 letters Curtis, Carl; 6 letters, photograph Hruska, Roman; 2 letters, photograph Wherry, Kenneth; materials in McCarthy file

Nevada Congressional Delegation Bible, Alan; l letter Cannon, Howard W.; 2 letters McCarran, Pat; 4 letters

New Hampshire Congressional Delegation Bridges, Styles; correspondence 1948-62 Cotton, Norris; 6 letters McIntyre, Thomas J.; 3 letters Tobey, Charles W.; 1 letter Wyman, Louis C.; 4 letters

New Jersey Congressional Delegation Case, Clifford P.; 2 letters Hendrickson, Robert C.; 1 letter Norton, Mary T.; 2 letters, social Vreeland, Albert L.; 2 letters

New Mexico Congressional Delegation Anderson, Clinton P.; correspondence, photographs Chavez, Dennis; 1 letter

New York Congressional Delegation Green, Sedgwick William; 1 letter Javits, Jacob; materials, photographs Keating, Kenneth; 2 letters Kelly, Edna F.; 1 letter, social Kennedy, Robert F.; 1 letter Ostertag, Harold C.; photograph Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr.; constituent correspondence St. George, Katharine; 1 letter, social

Nixon Administration Richard M. Nixon, President 1969-74. Correspondence between MCS and White House Staff; general material; press reports. Correspondence with Bryce Harlow; Nixon-MCS correspondence, photographs; Agnew-MCS correspondence, 6 letters

North Carolina Congressional Delegation Durham, Carl T.; 1 letter Ervin, Samuel J., Jr.; 6 letters

24 Hoey, Clyde R.; 1 letter Jordan, B. Everett; 1 letter

North Dakota Congressional Delegation Andrews, Mark; 1 letter Young, Milton; 17 letters, photographs

Ohio Congressional Delegation Bricker, John; 6 letters Saxbe, William B.; 1 letter Taft, Robert A.; 7 letters to MCS; constituent correspondence; general materials Taft, Robert A., Jr.; 2 letters Young, Stephen M.; 2 letters

Oklahoma Congressional Delegation Bellmon, Henry; 1 letter Kerr, Robert S.; 3 letters, photograph Monroney, Mike; 2 letters

Oregon Congressional Delegation Cordon, Guy; correspondence related to 1954 Oregon Senate campaign Hatfield, Mark; 2 letters Morse, Wayne; 1 letter Neuberger, Maurine; 2 letters, photographs Neuberger, Richard, 8 letters Packwood, Robert; 8 letters

Payne, Frederick G. Former U.S. Senator from Maine; former Governor. Extensive correspondence, MCS and Payne, 1944-72; news clippings; photographs

Pennsylvania Congressional Delegation Gray, William H., III; 1 letter Schweiker, Richard; 1 letter Van Zandt, James E.; materials related to promotion in U.S.N. Reserves Scott, Hugh D., Jr.; 7 letters

Reagan Administration Ronald Reagan, President 1981-89. Correspondence, social; general material

Reed, John H. Former Governor of Maine; correspondence 1960-88; press reports; photographs

Rhode Island Congressional Delegation Green, Theodore; 1 photograph Pastore, John O.; 2 letters, photograph

25 Pell, Claiborne; 3 letters

Roosevelt Administration Franklin D. Roosevelt, President 1933-45. 1 letter

Roosevelt, Eleanor 5 letters; constituent correspondence; materials relating to MCS appearance on Roosevelt programs; debate with MCS on Face the Nation, 11/4/56

South Carolina Congressional Delegation Johnston, Olin D.; 1 letter, social Thurmond, James Strom; 9 letters

South Dakota Congressional Delegation Gurney, Chan; l letter McGovern, George; 2 letters Mundt, Karl; 2 letters; photographs; materials relating to Mundt’s illness

State Department Bowles, Chester; l letter Dulles, John Foster; 1 letter, photographs Kissinger, Henry A.; 2 letters Rogers, William P.; 2 letters, social correspondence, photographs Rusk, Dean; 2 letters, photographs Vance, Cyrus; 1 letter

Strauss, Lewis Eisenhower nominee for Secretary of Commerce; materials relating to hearings; l letter, Strauss to MCS

Supreme Court of the United States Warren, Earl; 1 letter

Talberth, Edward D. Journalist; Portland Press Herald; correspondence 1945-52

Tennessee Congressional Delegation Baker, Howard H., Jr.; 11 letters Brock, William E., III; 2 letters Gore, Albert; 1 letter Kefauver, Cary Estes; 4 letters Kuykendall, Dan H.; photographs McKellar, Kenneth; 1 letter

Texas Congressional Delegation Bentsen, Lloyd M., Jr.; 3 letters

26 Pickle, Jake; l letter Rayburn, Samuel Taliaferro; 2 letters; materials related to Rayburn Library Tower, John; 4 letters; photographs Yarborough, Ralph W.; 1 letter

Truman Administration Harry S. Truman, President, 1945-1953; 6 letters; photographs; misc. materials

Utah Congressional Delegation Bennett, Wallace; 14 letters Moss, Frank E.; misc. letters

Vermont Congressional Delegation Prouty, Winston; l letter, photographs

Virginia Congressional Delegation Byrd, Harry F., Jr.; 11 letters, 1953-88 Robertson, A. Willis; 2 letters, social

Washington Congressional Delegation Cain, Harry P.; l letter, photographs Hansen, Julia Butler; 2 letters Jackson, Henry; l letter; photograph Magnuson, Warren G.; 2 letters

Webb-Smith Correspondence James T. Webb, NASA Chief; Correspondence

West Virginia Congressional Delegation Byrd, Robert C.; 4 letters; photographs; materials re: Byrd history of U.S. Senate Randolph, Jennings; 8 letters, mostly social

White, Wallace Former Senator from Maine, Senate Majority Leader, succeeded by MCS

Wisconsin Congressional Delegation Byrnes, John W.; l letter Laird, Melvin; photographs. Materials also in Armed Services Committee file. Proxmire, William; 2 letters; photographs; misc. materials Wiley, Alexander; l letter

Wyoming Congressional Delegation Hansen, Clifford P.; 2 letters, photograph McGee, Gale W.; l letter Simpson, Alan K.; l letter Simpson, Milward L.; l letter

27 SELECTED VIDEO LIST

Bousquet, Barbara WLBZ-TV Interview, 7/18/84, Geraldine Ferraro Divine, Robert A. Lyndon Johnson: The Man & The Image, MCS Lecture Series, 10/5/90. Face the Nation Interview with Herman, Duffy & Niven; Presidential Campaign, 1964 Interview with Ostertag, 2/64; Eleanor Roosevelt Debate, 11/4/56 Guantanamo Bay, 12/1/62 Kennedy, John F. Speech at University of Maine, interview, 10/23/63 King, Angus Maine Watch; Mitchell and Cohen Interviews, 7/13/91 Conversation in Maine with Margaret Smith, WCBB-TV, 5/86, 11/86, 7/88 MacLeod, Barbara New England Cable News, Interview, 10/92 Maine Elections, 1954 Jones/Smith Debate, Spring, 1954 Maine Primaries See It Now, 6/8/54. McDonald, Jill Interview, general discussion of career and tour of library, 9/27/91 Murrow vs. McCarthy Documentary on Edward R. Murrow and Joseph R. McCarthy, 6/15/94 Muskie, Edmund S. Home in Maine, WCBB-TV Niven, Paul Washington Conversation, private mind & philosophy, 7/62 Oshinsky, David McCarthy revisited, 6/5/89 Smith, Margaret Chase At Home in Silver Spring, ad in support of Eisenhower. Interview with Senator Spessard Holland. Elections, 1964; presidency; John C. Sparkman, Tonkin Gulf, Vietnam; Campaign promotions; Bill against Communism March of Dimes; Maine Heart Association; Space Program, Nixon’s trip to Russia Wiggins, Patsy & Phillips, Steve Personally Speaking, Maine Public Broadcasting, 11/7/92, Interview with MCS Margaret Chase Smith: the Voice of Maine—the Conscience of the Senate, 5/96 Interviews: Chafee, Carper, Nixon, Hathaway, Henry, Larrabee, Muskie, Thurmond World Trip, 1954-1955 Bevan and Muggeridge Debate, Whitehead interviews, Churchill’s speech at Blackpool, See It Now, 10/19/54. Impressions of trip to England, See It Now, 11/54 Impressions of East Berlin Tour & departure from Russia, See It Now, 11/54

28 Interview with Anthony Eden, Douglas-Meek Debate, Remarks on East Berlin Tour, See It Now, 10/54 Interview with Bonte, Gen. Gunther, See It Now, 11/54, (NATO, Paris Cafe, and Eiffel Tower) Interview with Hunthausen, Also excerpts of interviews with Mendes-France, Curie, Gunther, Bonte, Naumann and Conant’s Russian trip, 11/54 Interview with Mendes-France, 11/54. Also interviews with Curie and Delacroix. Interview with Ambassador Conant & Fran Reuther, See It Now, 11/54 Interview with Magsaysay, See It Now, 2/23/55 Interview with Chiang Kai-Shek, See It Now, 3/1/55. Interview with Nasser, See It Now, 3/12/55. (Unaired) Interview with Nehru, See it Now, 3/15/55. Interview with Franco of Spain, See It Now, 3/15/55. Interview with U Nu, See It Now, 3/15/55. London Trip, See It Now, 10/54, Interviews with Whitehead, Boothby, Toynbee, Bevan, Muggeridge, Woolton and Churchill.

SELECTED AUDIO LIST

Aiken, George D. Nomination of Senator Smith for President of the United States; 7/14/64 Beatty, Morgan Commentary; O’Donnell nomination; Stewart nomination; McCarthy Era; Cuban Missile Crisis; Presidential election, 1964, Khrushchev Brinkley, David Absenteeism Amendment, 1971 Chancellor, John; Brinkley, David Republican Party, Convention, 1972 Clark, Deena Moment with Deena Clark; NBC, 6/1/63, biographical material, congressional Junkets, abuses of power Clayton, Steve Leave it to the Girls; the Show’s on Me Tonight, Presidential election, 1964 Coffin, Tristram Conscience of Congress; McCone nomination, biographical material Cohane, David Primary campaign, 6/15/72, Monks vs. Smith; campaign expenses Craig, May Interview with Lucia Cormier, 1958 Coxe, Bob WSB Radio Interview, 1983, Atlanta; McCarthyism, Army-McCarthy Hearings Day, Allison Luncheon with Allison; 8/20/82; women’s rights; life after the Senate; MCS Library; national defense; nuclear warfare; tax program, Reagan, welfare

29 Deachman, William Aeronautical and Space Sciences Committee, Styles Bridges Personal reminiscences of MCS, January 28, 1985 Deering, Larry; Lonecker, Grace Interview, 4/17/64. Roll Call Record; presidential election, 1964; war on poverty; Johnson Administration; federal aid to education; income taxes; campaign expenditures; women in politics; marriage laws; divorce laws Downs, Hugh; Walters, Barbara Today Show; 11/7/69; Nixon Administration; Vietnam; Haynsworth Nomination Evans, Mark Interview with Smith and Aiken; 8/10/64; presidential campaign; Republican Convention in San Francisco; statement of principles; oil imports; civil rights; Henry Cabot Lodge; foreign policy; Vietnam; Nelson Rockefeller Front Page Challenge Interview, 12/65; woman president, Negro president; Negro woman President; crank mail; future of Republican Party; Robert and Edward Kennedy; Barry Goldwater Frost, David Interview with Edmund S. Muskie, 3/31/72; MCS as presidential candidate; Draft; student deferments; volunteer Army Garroway, David Wide Wide World; 1/6/57; Woman’s story; Lucretia Mott; Susan B. Anthony; Declaration of WWII; women in politics; medical research, peace & security Greenberg, Al Interview, 12/28/86; biographical material; early years; basketball team; Independent Reporter; Clyde Smith; Selective Service Act; Campaign procedures and contributions; Committee assignments; Navy Day Speech; Strauss Nomination; McCarthy; Declaration of Conscience; feminism; Kennedy Twist; John Kennedy; Ronald Reagan; Richard Nixon Griffin, Buckley Interview; 8/2/46; Atom bomb test; airline investigation (American & Northwest); Housing Bill; Lobbyists (H. R. 4773) Gushue, Sandy Interview, 1/3/83; teaching career; McCarthy; Woman in the Senate; Nuclear Test Ban Treaty; Beirut; Equal Rights Amendment; woman president; Education; Elections, 1972 Hapgood, Frances Interview, 1988; mail; legislative documents; William C. Lewis, Jr.; Roll Call votes; Declaration of Conscience; Regrets; Women in Politics Jones, Robert L. Campaign, 1954, 6/5/54; Congressional Quarterly; Bath Iron Works; UnAmerican Activities Committee; Bricker Amendment; Robert Taft; Interview, 5/19/54; TV Panel—On the Spot; Interview, 3/28/54; Pros and Cons, Victor Schleck Joyce, Ed Interview; Woman for President; This I Believe

30 Kuralski, Robert Vote on the Anti-Ballistic Missile System, 8/6/69 Lafferman, Walter On the Scene, Interview, 12/57; Frankfort; Rheinman; research and development; personnel in the military; retention in the military Langer, Howard Interview, 1958; Washington Office; Gentlemen’s Club; typical day in Senate Larrabee, Don Interview; Senate procedures; Committees; Subcommittees; minority members; draft legislation; joint hearings; Republican Conference; Policy Committee; Roll Call Votes; Absenteeism; Gentlemen’s Club; Interview, 2/9/49; Quota Bill, Mindszenty; Housing, Fair Deal McCormick, Robert; Smith, Howard K. Election results, 1972; Interview, 1973 McGee, Frank Today Show; interview; 3/20/72; McCarthyism Meet the Press Interview with Senator Smith, 12/10/48; Lawrence Spivak, Ruth Montgomery, Warren Francis, Doris Fleeson, Peter Edson; Republican Party, party line voting, Secretary of State Dewey, Dewey-Truman, MCS as a Communist, New Deal; old age pensions, Townsend Plan, Marshall Plan, Taft-Hartley Act, Armed Services Committee, Foreign Relations Committee, unification, prediction of Dewey defeat, Senator Taft, Housing Bill, Aid to China, FEPC, filibusters, , price controls Mitchell, S. Ray Conversation with MCS; 1985 National Public Radio Interview with Neil Conan; 8/7/93; Tish Valva; presidential candidacy; Senate Bathrooms; feminism Paar, Jack Tonight Show; 8/23/73; McCarthyism; Elections, 1972; Watergate; Presidential Powers; Women’s Liberation Reasoner, Harry Primary election results, 1972; Monks vs. Smith Rhodes, Fred B. Interviews with MCS; Korean War Ammunition Shortages, 6/20/84; 6/27/85 Aiken, Brewster, Bridges; Dirksen, Humphrey, Hickenlooper, Martin, Hoover, Wilson, Adams, Taft, Roosevelt, Truman, Byrd, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Brooks, Hayes, Johnson, Vietnam War; Vandenberg, World Leaders, 1987 Ross, Rice Interview, 11/22/73; Carl Hayden; ERA Shadel, William; Collingwood, Charles; Laird, Stephen Interview, 9/28/49; CBS Cloakroom; unification; tariffs; reserve programs; Russian atomic explosion; welfare; vice-presidency; military aid; military bases

31 Smith, Howard K.; Monroe; Bill; Downs; Hugh Interview; 2nd Declaration of Conscience; Declaration of Conscience; McCarthy Era; Interview, 3/29/71; SST; Smith denial that Nixon tried to buy vote Smith, Margaret Chase Convocation Address; DePauw University, 11/8/73; credibility gap, Watergate Airline Transportation, 2/18/62 Anecdotes, June, 1989 UNESCO, presidential candidacy, Clyde Smith, Roosevelt, social life, John Reed Biographical Material, early years, 1988 Campaign speech, 6/6/66 Campaign, 1954 Criticism of Congress, 6/6/66 Declaration of Conscience; My Creed, This I Believe Life up to entry into Congress; Clyde Smith; Chase genealogy Nute, Floyd, 7/29/63; Passamaquoddy Tidal Power Project; Civil Rights; Kennedy Administration Philippine Press, 2/2/55; Maine compared to Philippines; East-West Relations Guantanamo Naval Air Station, 12/2/62; Cuban Crisis; Alliance for Progress; Communist invasion of India; Military benefits; women in politics; Elections, 1962; space program, defense budget Report to the People, 6/7/48; Fishing Industry; Quoddy; H. R. 6322; Highway Bill Report to the People, 1946; Unification; medical research; Nurse Corps Bill Space Exploration, 10/7/69 Washington Staff; permanent status for women; Nurse Corps Bill; 2/25/47 World Trip, 1954-1955 Wallace, Patricia Interviews in preparation for book, Politics of Conscience; transcripts available Warford, Pamela Interviews in preparation for book, In Her Own Words; transcripts available Washington Week in Review; Furber, Lincoln; McNeil, Neil 3/25/72, Supersonic Transport, Elections, 1972 Wells, Linton Interview, 4/1/68; Right of dissent; third world; sick society; Vietnam; retirement Interview, 3/22/67; Republican Leadership Conference; committees; feminism; Equal employment; woman president; reserve officer promotions

32 PRINTED INTERVIEWS

MCS INTERVIEWS WITH DR. PATRICIA WALLACE for book Politics of Conscience: A Biography of Margaret Chase Smith, 1995 Early Political Years, 10/21/87 Chase Family and Growing Up, 7/13/88 High School and Early Career, 7/19/88. Teaching; Home Activities; Organizations; Employment, 7/27/88. Chase Family; Political Campaigns, 9/23/88. William C. Lewis, Jr.; Hip Surgery; Oral Histories, 9/28/88.

MCS INTERVIEWS WITH DR. PAMELA WARFORD for book Margaret Chase Smith: In Her Own Words, 2001 Margaret Chase Smith - Family and Early Years, 5/9/88. Margaret Chase Smith -1920’s and 1930’s, 5/23/88. The 1940’s, 6/6/88. The 1940’s and 1950’s, 9/2/88. 1950’s, 1960’s and 1970’s, 1/12/89. World Tour as Private Citizen - Part I & II, 3/9/89. Review of Career, 3/9/89.

MCS INTERVIEW WITH DR. RHODRI JEFFREYS-JONES, (University of Edinburg, Scotland) Defense and Foreign Policy, 7/29/91, for book Changing Differences: Women and the Shaping of American Foreign Policy, 1917-1994, 1995

33