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Galway Kinnell's Poetry, 1950 - 1985

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Galway Kinnell's Poetry, 1950 - 1985 University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Winter 1986 THE EMBRACE IS ALL: GALWAY KINNELL'S POETRY, 1950 - 1985 JAMES WILLIAM ROBINSON University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation ROBINSON, JAMES WILLIAM, "THE EMBRACE IS ALL: GALWAY KINNELL'S POETRY, 1950 - 1985" (1986). Doctoral Dissertations. 1499. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1499 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. For example: • Manuscript pages may have indistinct print. In such cases, the best available copy has been filmed. • Manuscripts may not always be complete. In such cases, a note will indicate that it is not possible to obtain missing pages. • Copyrighted material may have been removed from the manuscript. In such cases, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is also filmed as one exposure and is available, for an additional charge, as a standard 35mm slide or as a 17”x 23” black and white photographic print. Most photographs reproduce acceptably on positive microfilm or microfiche but lack the clarity on xerographic copies made from the microfilm. For an additional charge, 35mm slides of 6”x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography. 8709155 Robinson, Jam es William, Jr. THE EMBRACE IS ALL; GALWAY KINNELL’S POETRY, 1950 ■ 1985 U niversity o f New H am pshire PH.D. 1986 University Microfilms International300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Copyright 1986 by Robinson, James William, Jr. All Rights Reserved PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check-J . mark 1. Glossy photographs or ______pages 2. Colored illustrations, paper or _______p rin t 3. Photographs with dark background______ 4. Illustrations are p o o r copy________ 5. Pages with black marks, not original _______copy 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides_______ of page 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several________ pages 8. Print exceeds margin requirements_______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost________ in spine 10. Com puter printout pages with indistinct________ print 11. Page(s)_____________lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s) seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received 16. Other University Microfilms International THE EMBRACE IS ALLi GALWAY KINNELL'S POETRY, 1950 - 1985 BY JAMES WILLIAM ROBINSON, JR. BA, University of Hawaii, 1965 MA, Pepperdine University, 1973 DISSERTATION Submitted to the University of New Hampshire In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English December, 1986 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED c 1986 James William Robinson, Jr. This dissertation has been examined and approved. ’t ^ ' 7 Dissertation director, David H. Watters, Associate Professor of English Charles D. Simlc-r-Professor of English Paul T. Brockelman, Professor of Philosophy Lester A. Fisher, Associate Professor of English ^ C David E. Leary, Associate Professor of Psychology y /?<?(. Date ^ for Patricia and Michael PERSONAL ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Special thanks to David Watters, friend and mentor. He encouraged me from beginning to end and helped me put the pieces together. His professional vigor as critic and editor was surpassed only by his friendship and kindness, his sustained loyalty, and by the personal interest he devoted to this essay. Thanks also to Professors Charles Simic, Paul Brockelman, Lester Fisher, and David Leary. Their suggestions and criticisms were gently given and gratefully received. I want to thank Chaminade University of Honolulu, Hawaii, which gave me a grant to begin doctoral studies and a three-year leave of absence to complete them. At the end Chaminade generously provided a travel grant that enabled me to complete research on the Charles G. Bell Collection at Dimond Library, University of New Hampshire. Thanks also to colleagues at Chaminade who believed in me and my project. Among them, Martha Laxson, Chaminade University research librarian, helped make sure all the bases were covered. Albert Lum, friend and colleague, encouraged me to attempt a mid-life doctorate. His advice and understanding helped keep me going. Finally, Patricia M. Lee-Roblnson, my wife and colleague, supported me throughout and gave up three winters in Hawaii in order to make sure I received home cooking while in New Hampshire. Her love and devotion helped me winter out several hard-turned years. J. W. R., Jr. Honolulu, HI TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION.............................. iv PERSONAL ACKNOWLEDGMENTS........................................... v ABSTRACT............................................................ viil CHAPTER PAGE INTRODUCTION................ 1 SECTION I. GALWAY KINNELL'S POETRY, 1950 - 1971 1. Evolution of Kinnell'a Poetics and Major Themes............... 30 2. What a Kingdom It Waa and Flower Herding on Mount Monadnock........................................... 43 3. Body Rags and The Book of Nightmares 75 SECTION II. GALWAY KINNELL'S POETRY, 1971 - 1980 4. Mortal Acts. Mortal Words..................................... 127 The Search for Connections......................... 131 The Embrace Is All....................................... 145 CONCLUSION......................................................... 174 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................. 193 Primary Sources Poems in Periodicals . ...... .............................. 194 Books and Essays........................................ 203 Secondary Sources Articles in Books . 210 Articles in Periodicals................................• 215 vl Pamphlet............. ............. ......... 263 Dissertations................ 263 APPENDIXES............................. ............................ 269 Chronological listing of Klnnell's publications and Selected Interviews................................. 270 Notes on the Charles G. Bell Collection.............. 277 vli ABSTRACT THE EMBRACE IS ALL: GALWAY KINNELL'S POETRY, 1950 - 1985 by James William Robinson, Jr. University of New Hampshire, December, 1986 This dissertation contains two major parts: an essay and an extensive bibliography. The essay discusses Kinnell's poetry in order to illuminate his major themes and describe his poetics. The bibliography provides virtually complete lists of primary and secondary materials. Both essay and bibliography owe much to a study of the Charles G. Bell Collection at Dimond Library, University of New Hampshire. The collection contains letters and drafts sent by Kinnell to Bell over a 33-year period. Notes on the Bell Collection appear in an appendix to the dissertation. The essay, first major part of the dissertation, examines Kinnell's poetry and poetics from the 1950s to 1985, focusing on the poems of Mortal Acts, Mortal Words, the books of poetry represented in Selected Poems, and Kinnell's latest collection, The Past. Section I of the dissertation charts the evolution of Kinnell's poetics and his major themes through the individual poets who have influenced him as well as through the traditions with which he aligns himself. Then it demonstrates the effects of these influences and traditions on the form and substance of Individual poems in Kinnell's first four books of poetry. Section II interprets Mortal Acts, Mortal Words in terms of the primary goal underlying all of Kinnell's poetry: spiritual growth. vili Kinnell's poetry, rooted In a shared human reality, la the spiritual autobiography o£ a man both individual and representative, who suffers from a spiritual and emotional ailment common in secular, technological societies and who searches for ways through poetry to renew, recreate and perfect the self. The bibliography provides two chronological listings of primary materials. The first lists periodical publications from Kinnell's first published poem to poems published in September, 1985. The second annotates Kinnell's periodical writings, except for original poetry, and publications in book form. The bibliography covers secondary materials, including interviews and book reviews, through 1984, and lists and annotates as many references to Kinnell as can be located by standard bibliographical tools, including databases accessible through on-line searches. Additional items were located by luck and by examination of the Bell Collection. ix INTRODUCTION Galway Kinnell shares with many ocher contemporary
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