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Impact Factor Vol. 14 · Issues 13–25 · Apr–Jun 2009 www.eurosurveillance.org NOW LISTED FOR IMPACT FACTOR In this edition Euroroundup • National Hand Hygiene Campaigns in Europe 2000-2009 Also • Estimating the Global Burden of Foodborne Diseases - a collaborative effort • Preparedness for the prevention and control of influenza outbreaks on passenger ships in the EU: the SHIPSAN TRAINET project communication EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR DISEASE PREVENTION AND CONTROL Vol. 14 · Issues 13–25 · Apr–Jun 2009 Peer-reviewed European information on communicable disease surveillance and control C o n t e n t s Editorial Team EDITORIALS Based at the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), • Internet surveillance systems for early alerting of health threats 200 171 83 Stockholm | Sweden • Multilocus variable number of tandem repeats analysis Telephone Number: (MLVA) - a reliable tool for rapid investigation of Salmonella +46 (0)8 586 01138 or +46 (0)8 586 01136 Typhimurium outbreaks 202 Fax number: • European Immunization Week goes viral 203 +46 (0)8 586 01294 • The global impact of hand hygiene campaigning 205 E-mail: • Avian influenza A(H5N1) – current situation 207 [email protected] Editor-in-Chief Karl Ekdahl SURVEILLANCE A ND O UTBREAK R EPORTS Managing Editor • Nation-wide prospective surveillance of Clostridium difficile Ines Steffens infections in hospitals in Belgium, July 2007-June 2008 208 Scientific Editors • Ongoing rubella outbreak in Austria, 2008-2009 211 Kathrin Hagmaier • Mumps epidemiology in the Mid-West of Ireland 2004-2008: Renata Mikolajczyk increasing disease burden in the university/college setting 215 Assistant Editors • Characterisation of Neisseria meningitidis C strains causing two Alina Buzdugan clusters in the north of Italy in 2007 and 2008 220 Ingela Söderlund • Travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease in Europe in 2007 222 Associate Editors Andrea Ammon, ECDC, Stockholm, Sweden • Investigation of the spread of brucellosis among human and Mike Catchpole, Health Protection Agency, animal populations in southeastern Bulgaria, 2007` 227 London, United Kingdom Denis Coulombier, ECDC, Stockholm, Sweden Christian Drosten, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, RESEARCH A RTICLES Bonn, Germany • Evaluation of a patient referral contact tracing programme for Johan Giesecke, ECDC, Stockholm, Sweden hepatitis B and C virus infection in drug injectors 232 Herman Goossens, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium • Development of a new nomenclature for Salmonella Typhimurium David Heymann, London, United Kingdom multilocus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) 237 Karl Kristinsson, Landspitali University Hospital, • The emergence of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 in Reykjavik, Iceland Denmark – a possible link with the increased consumption of Irena Klavs, National Institute of Public Health, fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins? 242 Ljubljana, Slovenia Daniel Lévy-Bruhl, Institut de Veille Sanitaire, • Endemic hepatitis E in two Nordic countries 246 Paris, France • Can the Swedish new variant of Chlamydia trachomatis (nvCT) be Richard Pebody, Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom detected by UK NEQAS participants from seventeen European countries and five additional countries/regions in 2009? 255 Panayotis T. Tassios, University of Athens, Athens, Greece • Rapid spread of drug-resistant influenza A viruses in the Hélène Therre, Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Basque Country, northern Spain, 2000-1 to 2008-9 259 Paris, France Henriette de Valk, Institut de Veille Sanitaire, • Clinical laboratory practices for the detection of rotavirus in Paris, France England and Wales: can surveillance based on routine laboratory Sylvie van der Werf, Institut Pasteur, testing data be used to evaluate the impact of vaccination? 262 Paris, France • KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in Greek Editorial Board hospitals are mainly due to a hyperepidemic clone 268 See inner back cover • Autochthonous cystic echinococcosis in patients who grew Layout up in Germany 273 Fabrice Donguy / Martin Wincent • A methodological approach to investigating a nationwide clinical specimen contamination problem in England 280 Webmaster Sami Dufva • Application of RT-PCR for diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus infections in Bulgaria, 2006-7 www.eurosurveillance.org and 2007-8 285 © Eurosurveillance, 2009 • Clinical and epidemiological aspects of parvovirus B19 infections in Ireland, January 1996-June 2008 290 The opinions expressed by authors contributing to Eurosurveillance do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) or the Editorial team or the institutions with which the authors are affiliated. Neither the ECDC nor any person acting on behalf of the ECDC is responsible for the use which might be made of the information in this journal. Vol. 14 · Issues 13–25 · Apr–Jun 2009 C o n t e n t s PERSPECTIVES • An outbreak caused by hantavirus in the Black Sea region of Turkey, January – May 2009 359 • Is there a need for anti-rabies vaccine and immunoglobulins rationing in Europe? 295 • Sustained intensive transmission of Q fever in the south of the Netherlands, 200 361 • Implementation of a national electronic reporting system in Lithuania 298 • Trichinellosis acquired in Senegal from warthog ham, March 2009 364 • VACSATC (Vaccine safety: attitudes, training and communication): • Norwegians approve of the health authorities’ strategy to Why such a project? 304 communicate worst case pandemic scenarios 366 • Estimating the Global Burden of Foodborne Diseases - a collaborative effort 308 All material in Eurosurveillance is in the public domain and may be • Influenza A(H5N1): an overview of the current situation 312 used and reprinted without special permission. However, the source • Preparedness for the prevention and control of influenza should be cited properly and we suggest adding a link to the exact outbreaks on passenger ships in the EU: the SHIPSAN TRAINET page on the Eurosurveillance website. project communication 316 Articles published in Eurosurveillance are indexed in PubMed/Medline EUROROUNDUPS • National Hand Hygiene Campaigns in Europe, 2000-2009 320 MEETING R EPORTS • Impact of immigration on HIV and tuberculosis epidemiology in the Euro-Mediterranean area 327 LETTERS • Prevention of congenital rubella and congenital varicella in Europe 330 • Authors’ reply: Prevention of congenital rubella and congenital varicella in Europe 331 • National pneumococcal vaccination programmes for children in Europe, 2001-2007: update from Ireland 332 • National pneumococcal vaccination programmes for children in Europe, 2001-2007: update from Turkey 333 • Authors’ reply: National pneumococcal vaccination programmes for children in Europe, 2001-2007 – updated table 334 RAPIDOMMUNICATIONS C • First identification of class A carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Republic of Ireland 337 • Outbreak of Clostridium difficile 027 in North Zealand, Denmark, 2008-2009 339 • Outbreak of Clostridium difficile 027 infection in Vienna, Austria 2008-2009 A 342 • Shigella sonnei infections in Norway associated with sugar peas, May – June 2009 344 • Imported fresh sugar peas as suspected source of an outbreak of Shigella sonnei in Denmark, April – May 2009 346 • Outbreak of hepatitis A among men who have sex with men in Barcelona, Spain, September 2008 – March 2009 348 • Anaphylaxis following unnecessary meningococcal chemoprophylaxis of a healthcare worker 351 • Chikungunya infection confirmed in a Belgian traveller returning from Phuket (Thailand) 354 • Trends in the epidemiology of dengue fever and their relevance for importation to Europe 356 E d i t o r i al s I NTERNET SURVE I LLANCE SYSTEMS FOR E A R LY ALERT I NG OF H E A LT H THREATS J P Linge1, R Steinberger1, T P Weber1, R Yangarber2, E van der Goot1, D H Al Khudhairy1, N I Stilianakis (Nikolaos. [email protected])1 1. Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, Ispra (VA), Italy 2. Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland This article was published on 2 April 2009. Citation style for this article: Linge JP, Steinberger R, Weber TP, Yangarber R, van der Goot E, Al Khudhairy DH, Stilianakis NI. Internet surveillance systems for early alerting of health threats. Euro Surveill. 2009;14(13):pii=19162. Available online: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=19162 In order to gather a comprehensive picture of potential epidemic Second, automatic systems such as the Medical Information threats, public health authorities increasingly rely on systems that System (MedISys) (http://medusa.jrc.it/) [3], Pattern-based perform epidemic intelligence (EI). EI makes use of information Understanding and Learning System (PULS) (http://puls. that originates from official sources such as national public health cs.helsinki.fi/medical/) [3], HealthMap (http://www.healthmap. surveillance systems as well as from informal sources such as org/) [4], and BioCaster Global Health Monitor (http://biocaster.nii. electronic media and web-based information tools. All these sources ac.jp/) [5] go beyond the mere gathering task by adding a series of are employed to enhance risk monitoring with the purpose of early analysis steps. Automatic systems differ in their levels of analysis, alerting and initial risk assessment. In in the range of information sources, this context Paquet et al. [1] distinguish their language coverage, the speed of between
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