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Home , 403 BC, Agyrrhius, Andocides, Antiphon (orator), Ceryx, Hyperbolus

DE MYSTERIIS

AND

DE REDITU

EDITED BY E. C. MARCHANT, B.A.

LATE SCHOLAR OF PETERHOUSE, CAMBRIDGE; ASSISTANT MASTER AT ST. PAUL'S SCHOOL.

RI VINGTONS WATERLOO PLACE, LONDON

MDCCCLXXXIX

TO

A. J. N.

PREFACE

OF the three genuine speeches of An decides, the first and second, in many respects unlike, are nevertheless closely connected; the Mutilation of the Hermae form­ ing the link which unites them. They present two dramatised versions—inconsistent and distinct—of the facts of that gross outrage. At the same time, if we view the history of the crime and its effects as a whole, from the summer of 415 B.C. down to the acquittal of Andocides in 399, the de Mysteriis and de Reditu form two interesting episodes in the story, both of them well worthy of greater consideration than they have hitherto received. It is in the hope of enlarging the number of the readers of Andocides that I have prepared this edition. I have throughout kept in view the needs of students at the Universities, and in the upper forms of Schools. At the same time, I venture to hope that this book may direct the closer attention of mature scholars to a valuable example of colloquial Attic, which—though deserving to be studied by admirers of Greek idiom, side by side with —has in this country been strangely neglected. The explana­ tion of this neglect is probably to be sought in the technical nature of the subjects with which Andocides vi PKEFACE. deals. It appears to me that an annotated edition removes this objection in the case of Andocides, since, though there are many highly technical. points dealt with, yet the treatment of them is so skilful that they are always made interesting. In preparing the Greek Index, I have taken pains to make it an adequate presentment of the vocabulary and diction of the " gentleman ." If these speeches are important as specimens of the every-day language of the Athenians at the best period, they are of still greater importance as sources of infor­ mation on Athenian History. I have not thought it my business to enter into any speculations as to the authorship of the Mutilation of the Hermae. The trial of Andocides in 399 ought to have cleared up the ques­ tion. But the account then given by him in court most certainly does not correspond with the true cir­ cumstances. Sixteen years after the events he found it easy to put that complexion upon the facts which he wished they had really borne. In this weakness for pure romancing, which to a modern reader is some­ times amusing and more often annoying, Andocides is conspicuous even among Athenian . Not­ withstanding that his disclosures before the initiated heliasts were subsequent to the writing of * history, the historian's words are still true—TO Be crafyh

OvBel? 0VT6 TOT6 OVT€ V(TT€pOV €%€t ellTeiP 7T€pl TO)V SpacrdvToov. The mutilation was undoubtedly the work of a conspiracy of some sort. " Though neither PREFACE. vii the parties concerned, nor their purposes, were ever more than partially made out, the concert and con­ spiracy itself is unquestionable. It seems probable, as far as we can form an opinion, that the conspirators had two objects, perhaps some of them one and some of them the other—to ruin Alkibiades—to frustrate or delay the expedition."1 Whether, as Plutarch2 had read that some supposed at the time, the Corinthians and Megarians prompted the deed, we have no means of judging. But the idea, also mentioned by and supported among modern writers by Thirl wall and Gilbert, that the mutilation of nearly all the statues during one night was merely a drunken outrage which was turned to political account by oligarchs and extreme democrats, is out of the question.3 All that can, I think, be clearly made out, is that the eraipeia of Euphiletus, including Andocides, took a considerable part in the plot. And, after all, this is as much as is to the purpose of the reader of Andocides. The de Mysteriis gives the only detailed account we possess of the restoration of in 403 B.C., and affords us a glimpse of the inner life of during the years

1 Grote, Gk. Hist. vii. p. 9. 2 , xviii. 3 Lipsius, Andocides, p. viii, speaks in high terms of Grote's account of the outrage. The only points in that account which I have called in question are (1) the veracity of Andocides in stating that only one bust escaped (Grote vii. p. 5), (2) the statement about Androcles and the senate {ib. p. 34), (3) the note on the proposal to torture two senators (ib. p. 39), and (4) in part, the note about Speusippus (p. 44). Vlll PREFACE. immediately following. The two speeches contain valuable scraps of autobiography. We realise what were the feelings, what the affections and jealousies of an Athenian gentleman of position and talent. We can see also—and this is a point of great interest— what kind of effect initiation into the produced upon the life of the believer. There is no sign that the candidate for admission into the secrets thought of anything except the benefits which he would receive by initiation. He would thus be brought into close communion with and Persephone—" the Madonna and Child of ancient Greece."1 He would be henceforth under their protec­ tion, and be the favoured object of an almost personal affection. He would be afraid to sin against them openly in future, lest he should forfeit the bright hopes which were his since first he gazed on the holy relics. But his own duties were purely negative; as long as he took part in the annual outing to , and did nothing which could directly offend the two goddesses, he was their loyal servant, and deserving of all the bliss to which he looked forward after death. But neither Andocides' own character, as revealed in his speeches, nor his appeal to the jury (de Myst. §§ 31-33), who had themselves " seen the holy relics," entitle us to assume that initiation was any incentive to a godly life —if that term is not to mean mere abstinence from actions unworthy of a respectable citizen. 1 Evelyn Abbott, Hist, of Greece, i. p. 464. PREFACE. IX

The text of this edition is based upon that of Pro­ fessor Blass in the Teubner, and that of Professor Lipsius in the Tauchnitz, series; but, except in matters of spelling, it is rather more conservative than that of the former, and considerably more so than that of the latter, editor. Emending is always an attractive but dangerous pastime. Those distinguished scholars admit that it is especially dangerous in the case of so careless a writer as Andocides.1 Some of Lipsius' emendations, e.g. at de Myst. §§ 4, 81, 112, de Bed. § 10, seem unneces­ sarily violent. In de Bed. §22, Dobree and Eeiske in different ways first altered what I believe to be a sound passage. At de Myst. §§39 and 86, I am responsible for a new arrangement of the words, and at §§ 12, 133, 141 for new readings. I desire to acknowledge most fully the great debt which I owe to the works of Professor Jebb, and of the two German Professors already mentioned. All particular debts I have acknow­ ledged in the notes. Further, I hope that, whenever I have expressed dissent from the views of those or of other recognised authorities, I have everywhere dis­ played that courtesy which has of late been somewhat out of fashion in the polemics of scholars. I wish to offer my warm thanks to the High Master of St. Paul's School for the kind encouragement and

1 "Ipse autem Lipsius id quidem eonfitetur, magna cautione opus esse, si quis in hoc oratore interpolationes indagare velit: etenim fuisse Andocidem ad verborum ambages natura propensiorem neque immerito a quibusdam veterum, Hermogene teste, nugatorem habi- tum esse."—Blass, A?idocides, p. xi. X PREFACE. assistance he has given me in the preparation of this book: also to the Eev. J. H. Lupton, Sur-Master of St. Paul's, for a detailed criticism of the opening pages: also to Mr. E. A. Neil, Fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge, for several valuable suggestions. Mr. A. W. Spratt, Fellow of St. Catharine's, after giving me the benefit of his advice throughout, has, in the scanty leisure of a busy term, read through the proofs, and has thus added a fresh kindness to the many that I had already received from him. As a former pupil, I feel that I owe much of what may be best in this book to him. There is, moreover, scarcely a page of the notes but bears upon it the results of his criticism. I append a list of the works which I have most frequently consulted:— Baiter and Sauppe (" Turicenses")—Oratores Attici. Zurich, 1850. Blass, F., Andocidis Orationes. Leipzig, 1880. Blass, F., Attlsche Beredsamkeit, i., Edition ii, 1887. Busolt, G., Griechische Geschichte, i. Gotha, 1886. Bockh, Public Economy of Athens, Eng. Trans. London, 1842. Dobree, Adversaria. Cambridge, 1833. G-rote, History of Greece, in 12 vols. London, 1884. Hickie, Andocides de Mysteriis. London, 1885. Jebb, Attic Orators. Selections. London, 1888.

v Jebb, Attic Orators from Antijohon to . Lipsius, J. H., Andocidis Orationes. Leipzig, 1888. Lipsius, J. H., Der Attische Process von Meier und Scho- mann, neu bearbeit. Berlin, 1883-87. PREFACE. XI

Schomann, de Comitiis Atheniensibus. Schomann, Antiquities: The State. Trans, by Hardy and Mann. London, 1880. Kennedy, C. E., The Orations of . London, 1861-63. Eeiske, Oratores Attici. Leipzig, 1770. Miiller, Orator es Attici Paris, 1847. Schiller, 0., Andocidis Orationes. Leipzig, 1835. Shilleto, Demosthenes de Falsa Legatione. Cambridge, 1874. Kriiger, K. W., Griechische Sprachlehre fur Schulen. Kiihner, Ausfuhiiche Grammatih der Griechisehen Sprache. Meisterhans, Grammatih der Attischen Inschriften. Berlin, 1888. Goodwin, Prof. W. W., Moods and Tenses, and Greek Grammar. Eutherford, New . Lexicographers: Pollux, Harpocration, Hesychius, Sui- das, Dindorfs Stephanus, Pauly's Real-Encyclopadie, Liddell and Scott. Professor G-ildersleeve, who is one of the firmest friends of Andocides, remarks1 that "an editor . . . should remember that it is his duty to make up for the lack of the accumulated labour of a long line of prede­ cessors by the most unsparing toil." I trust that, as far as industry can make it so, this edition will be found worthy of the ingenious author of the de Mysteriis. It has been my aim to make the book complete in all respects. Yet that critics of keener scent than I will

1 American Journal of Philology, vol. vi. p. 489. Xll PREFACE.

detect in it sins both of omission and commission, I do not doubt. I shall be obliged to any who will assist me to remove them, ever bearing in mind the orator's own words : icai elcnv evrvxearaTOL fjuev ol eXd^icrra i%a/jLapTdvovT€

ST. PAUL'S SCHOOL, March 1889.

ERRATUM.

Page 55, line 14, for Ovpav' TOV read Ovpav, TOV. CONTENTS

PAGE

PREFACE, v-xii

CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY, . .... xv

LIFE OF ANDOCIDES, . 1-19

INTRODUCTION TO de Mysteriis, 20-32

INTRODUCTION TO de Reditu, 32-40

TEXT OF de Mysteriis, . 41-89

TEXT OF de Reditu, . 90-99

NOTES ON de Mysteriis, . . . . .100-170

NOTES ON de Reditu, 171-177

APPENDIX—ON THE CONNECTION OF ANDOCIDES WITH THE MUTILATION OF THE HERMAE, . . . 178-180

INDEX— I., . ... 181-193

II...... 194-199

CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY

Month or . B.C. Season.

LXXXIII. 4 445 Birth of Andocides? Thirty years' between Athens and . XCI. 1 415 March The Athenians determine to invade . May Mutilation of the Hermae, when the armament was ready. Arrest of A. and his relatives. xci. 2 Summer A. leaves Athens and goes to , in consequence of the decree of Isotimides. xoi. 3 413 April The Spartans fortify Decelea. xci. 4 September Ruin of the Athenian armament in Sicily. Discredit of the extreme democrats at Athens. Winter, At Athens, a Board of 10 irpb^ovkoi appointed, of whom some were oligarchs. Increased importance of the oligarchs. xcn. 1 412 Summer Samos becomes the headquarters of the Athenian fleet. Autumn Alcibiades communicates with the fleet with a view to his recall. Winter Pisander at Athens suggests an oligarchy, and organises the oli­ garchical clubs. 411 March The 400 set up at Athens. Ando­ cides supplies the fleet at Samos with necessaries. He returns to Athens. The Paralus arrives announcing the counter-revolution at Samos, A. arrested by order of the 400, and imprisoned. xcn. 2 July- Overthrow of the 400. Limited de­ mocracy established. A. released, retires to Cyprus, where Evagoras has just become King of Salamis. 410 March Battle of Cyzicus. Summer A. returns to Athens, where full democracy is restored. The de Reditu, A. leaves Athens, and travels. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY.

Olympiad. B.C. Month or

XCIII. 4 405 Autumn Betrayal of the Athenian fleet at Aegospotami. takes refuge with Evagoras in Cyprus, whither A. also goes. Blockade of Athens. Psephism of Patro elides. 404 March Surrender of Athens. April Establishment of the 30. xciv. 1 December seizes . Deposi­ tion of the 30. xciv. 2 403 Summer Restoration of democracy. General Amnesty. Greatness of Thrasy­ bulus, Anytus, , Cepha- lus. 402 Spring A. returns. xciv. 4 400 May A. dpxedioopos at the Isthmian games. xcv. 1 July A. dpx^0eo)pos at the Olympian games. xcv. 2 399 September A. indicted for Impiety. The de Mysteriis. xcvi. 2 395 Winter Alliance between Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos against Sparta. xcvi. 3 394 July The allies defeated at Corinth. Conon's victory at Cnidus. August The allies defeated at Coronea. Decline of Thrasybulus' influence. Increased importance of at Athens. xcvi. 4 393 Summer Conon rebuilds the Long Walls. xcvu. 1 392 Conon arrested by Tiribazus. xcvu. 2 391 Summer The Spartans capture Lechaeum. Autumn Negotiations for peace between the allies and Sparta fail. The de Pace. xcvu. 3 389 Spring Revival of Thrasybulus' influence. His naval successes. He is murdered at Aspendus. Agyrrhius takes his place as Strate­ gic. XCVIII. 2 387 Peace of Antalcidas. Fall of Agyr­ rhius and the supporters of Conon's policy. I.

LIFE OF ANDOCIDES.

SOURCES : The Speeches, in which Andocides refers to details of his life, viz., De Myst. §§ 1, 4, 5, 17, 29, 37-45, 47-53, 61-65, 71, 101-103, 106, 110-112, 117-123, 132-137, 144-end ; De Bed. §§ 3, 7-16, 20-24, 26, 27; De Pace; The Grammarian's Hypo­ thesis—the whole speech displays A.'s political opinions, esp. §§ 2- 12 ; for other details, §§ 21-23, 29, 36 ; The Fragments ; Time. 6, 60 ; Plutarch Ale. 21 ; Aristoph. Nub. 108, Vesp. 12, 69 ; [] KCIT5 'AVSOKLSOV (6) §§ 6, 11, 21-31, 33, 35, 40, 43, 46- 52 ; Pseud. -Plut. Life of Andocides, extremely inaccurate; Suidas s. v. (fiao-iavol quotes Plato Com. and , with regard to Leogoras; ib. s.v. 'AVSOKIST;?, for the family; C.I.A. TI. 553, for the victory at the Dionysia.

ANDOCIDES, the son of Leogoras of the Cydathenaean deme, was born about 445 B.C.1 He came of a great Eupatrid family which had made itself famous, not less by the vigour and ability which its members displayed in public life, than by its wealth and magnificence in private. This family traced back its line through to .2 Leogoras, great-grandfather of the orator, had fought with

1 Taylor gives 468; Smith's D. of B. 467—following the pseudo- Plutarch. The impossibility of this date is shown in Pauly's Encyc. 2 That the pseudo-Plutarch is wrong in saying that A, belonged to the family of the Ceryces is proved by Blass Att, Bereds, i. p. 281, note; cf. Lipsius, Andoc. v. A 2 LIFE OF ANDOCIDES.

distinction against Pisistratus' sons; Andocides, his grand­ father, had gone as ambassador to Sparta to negociate for the Thirty Years' truce (445 B.C.); Epilycus, his uncle, was one of those sent by Athens to settle the terms of peace (449 B.C.); Leogoras, his father, is ridiculed by the comic poets for his luxury and partiality for rare and curious birds.1 JSTow such traditions—hatred of Tyranny, adherence to a policy of peace, friendship with Sparta, along with a love of ease and pleasure, were the traditions of the oligarchical party at Athens. The family, it would seem, belonged to that party, and, throughout his chequered life, Andocides remained at heart an oligarch. The odium into which his opinions brought him with both sections of the democratical party, and an unfortunate quarrel with his own side, to be described presently, robbed him of that success which his natural cleverness as a speaker, and his proved capacity for business, would otherwise in all probability have won for him. His own words best show with what section of politicians his sympathies really lay.

1 The following Stemma is adapted from Dobree. Adversaria :— Leogoras. Tisander. j I Andocides. Glaucon m. Daughter. Epilycus. Daughter m. Leogoras.

1. Ischo- m. Chrysias m. 2. Callias, son Leager. Daughter Daughter ANDOCIDES. Daughter ?? machus | j of Hipponicus. GTTCKKIJPOS. ZirUXypos. Callias, soi Daughter J of Telecles m.. Callias, her | j r step-father. Daughter Hipponicus. Son (§ 124, etc.) m. Epilycus.

Daughter, Daughter. LIFE OF ANDOCIDES. 3

In a speech delivered before 417 B.C., he declares him­ self ashamed to mention , the lamp-seller and . After his return to Athens in 411, the course of Athenian politics and the object he had in view —namely, to secure the restoration of his rights—made it necessary for him to profess democratical opinions, thus reversing the change of sides which similar circumstances had forced on Alcibiades in 415.1 Yet he was unable to conceal his true bias entirely. It was a disgrace to Athens, he cries in 399, that , the lyre-seller, should have occupied the ancestral home of his great family while he was in exile. Very bitter it was to the orator; yet genuine democrats could scarcely think it was a disgrace to their country that Cleophon, who, as Lysias testifies, had suffered death rather than consent to a dishonourable peace, should have occupied the house of Andocides, banished for complicity in the mutilation of the Hermae, an impious outrage. In the same speech (de Myst.) Andocides applied the epithet 6 tcaXbs icayaOos, by which oligarchs loved to describe their party, in irony to Agyrrhius, the demagogue. Equally ill-advised was his passing allusion to the resolution of the Lacedaemonians

1 Dr. Jebb remarks that after 415 Andocides cast in his lot with the democrats. It appears to me that his sympathies remained oligarchic, but, as Alcibiades, in political sympathy a democrat, was forced to profess himself an oligarch at Sparta and Samos, so Ando­ cides, having disgusted the oligarchs by his disclosures in 415, and failed to conciliate them in 411, was constrained to reappear as a democrat in 410 ; hoping thus to secure the restoration of his rights, which he could not obtain in 411. 4 LIFE OF ANDOCIDES. to " save the city/' instead of destroying it, when Athens surrendered in 404,—a remark which could scarcely have fallen from a genuine democrat. But his political bias comes out most strongly in his speech " On the Peace/' delivered probably in the winter of 392-1. He shows in that speech (1) a strong belief in peace (§§ 2-12), (2) sympathy with Sparta, especially at § 21, where he praises Sparta for having refused to enslave Athens in 404 B.C., (3) hatred for Argos, and the govern­ ment of Corinth which supported Argos (§§ 24-27, 31, 32.) {Hell. 4, 4, 2) much misrepresents the facts to which Andocides here refers, and it is impossible to say for certain whether the government of Corinth was at the time a moderate oligarchy or a democracy. But this much is certain: Andocides speaks as a supporter of the party which had recently betrayed Corinth to the Spartans, and opposes the government, then in alliance with Argos and Athens. Indeed, his statements on this matter might have come from Xenophon himself, so tinged are they with oligarchical and laconising sentiment. In his letter to the members of his political club, written probably somewhere between 420 and 418, he accuses the Athenians of having outraged the remains of —a charge, as Plutarch with good reason remarks, merely made with a view to stir up oligarchic feeling against the democrats. Nor can we admire the almost jesting remarks (preserved in another fragment) upon the hardships endured by the farmers of Attica during the Lacedaemonian invasion. LIFE OF ANDOCIDES. 5

It appears therefore that he was thoroughly identified with the wealthy young oligarchs before 415 ; and hence he joined the political club of Euphiletus. These clubs (eratpeiai) are described by Thucydides as " confederacies for managing trials and elections," i.e. for procuring the control of the law-courts and elections in the interest of the oligarchs, who, harassed by continual prosecutions, and ignored by the government, were forced to resort to underhand means to attain their objects—friendship with Sparta and the establishment of an oligarchy at Athens.1 In June 415 occurred the mutilation of the Hermae, a crime as shrouded in mystery at the time as it is at this day. But an endeavour was made to ruin Alcibiades by getting up a cry that he was aiming at a tyranny. Was it strange that his opponents—whether extreme democrats like Cleophon, or opportunists of the stamp of Thessalus, should really think or at least pretend to think that he had had dealings with the political clubs of the oligarchs ? They, in fact, confused in their excitement two outrages which ought to have been kept distinct—the mutilation of the Hermae and the profanation of the mysteries. Of the former Alcibiades was innocent, but he was almost certainly guilty of the latter. The mutilation was the work of certain oligarchs, undertaken perhaps with a view to ruin Alcibiades, their successful enemy, by throwing suspicion on him. At any rate the club of Euphiletus, and Andocides2 as a member, were concerned

1 With regard to these caucuses, see Arnold on Time. 8, 54. 2 The extent of Andocides' guilt is uncertain. See Appendix. 6 LIFE OF ANDOCIDES. in the crime. The profanation of the mysteries was probably merely a stupid freak on the part of Alcibiades and some boon companions; and Andocides had nothing to do with it. But the mutilation of the Hermae caused evidence to be given of this other deed, and the two incidents combined lent colour to the cry of Sy/nov KCLTakvai? and the notion that Alcibiades was about to make a stroke for the tyranny, which he was with good reason suspected of desiring. Thus Alcibiades was driven out by the extreme democrats, aided by the oligarchs, the true originators of the mutilation, and the opportunists— all parties in fact combined against him. Andocides, his father, his brother-in-law, three cousins, and seven other relatives were among the forty-two persons denounced by Dioclides as being amongst those who mutilated the Hermae. Andocides, acting on the advice of his cousin , and trusting to the dSeca voted in his favour on the motion of Menippus, gave information incriminating himself and others. Now the hand of the democrats fell heavily on those oligarchs who were proved to have caused the mutilation. Though they had by that hazardous deed succeeded in getting rid of Alcibiades, yet they were not therefore to escape now that their guilt was certain. So even Andocides, though he had been duly rewarded for his disclosures, was driven out by the decree of Isotimides, enacting that any one who had confessed himself guilty of impiety should be excluded from the temples and market-place. Andocides, rinding his position intolerable, retired LIFE OF ANDOCIDES. 7 from Athens to Cyprus in the autumn of 415, and engaged in trade. But a natural desire to regain his position, and, perhaps, some quarrel or misunderstanding with the King of Citium in Cyprus, the precise nature of which it is impossible to discern from the vague calumnies of his enemies, caused him to seize an opportunity of return which occurred in 411. The Sicilian disaster, the Decelean War, the intervention of Tissaphernes on behalf of Sparta, the revo]t of the Athenian allies, and the in­ trigues of Alcibiades, combined to harass the democratical government and raise the hopes of the oligarchs. Matters culminated in the establishment of the Four Hundred through Pisander. Andocides no doubt looked for a recall of exiles by the new government. But though most other actions of the demos were reversed, their exiles were not restored, as the Four Hundred did not wish to see Alcibiades back. There were also men in the Four Hundred, as Pisander, who had been active in driving Andocides out, and his information had disgusted the oligarchs. Now Alcibiades had intrigued without success with the oligarchs at Samos to secure his return, and Andocides turned in the same direction. He was enabled through a friendly prince, Archelaus of Macedon, to furnish oars to the fleet at Samos, while from Cyprus he obtained provisions for the men's use. This act he thought would appease his enemies among the Four Hundred, and procure him the permission to return, which he could not have obtained under the democracy. It seemed that the Athenians at Samos had decided to 8 LIFE OF ANDOCIDES. accept the oligarchy, But unfortunately for him, while he was on his way home, the fleet set up an opposition democracy, and despatched the Paralus to announce the change to Pisander. Consequently Andocides had scarcely arrived in Athens when his old enemy Pisander accused him of " supplying oars and provisions to the enemy," i.e. the (now) democratic fleet at Samos.1 On such a charge, made before the Four Hundred, condemnation was cer­ tain : he says he only escaped being put to death by flying to the fiovXala ia-ria, and thus the gods saved him. If the Four Hundred had been very anxious for his death, he could not have escaped thus, any more than Thera- menes did by the same means in 404, and it is possible to discern other causes for Andocides' escape in 411. The policy of the Four Hundred was not one of indis­ criminate slaughter: they only put to death some few who were likely to prove dangerous to them (Thuc. 8, 70), and Andocides was obviously not one of these; in­ deed he might prove of service to them in their overtures to Agis at Decelea, and finally, it is likely enough, though Pisander was his enemy and he had offended many of the oligarchs, that he had private friends among the Four

1 Dr. Jebb and Dr. Lipsius however think A. really intended to help the democrats at Samos, and returned to Athens in ignorance of the establishment of the Four Hundred. But A. does not lead us to suppose he was ignorant of the change of government (de Bed. §§ 11, 14 and [Lys.] 6, 27), and surely had this been the case he must have heard it as soon as he landed at —in time to escape. The Four Hundred were already in power when he supplied the oars and provi­ sions (de Red. §,11). See Sauppe on the fragment npos TOVS iraipovs. LIFE OF ANDOCIDES. 9 Hundred1 for whose help he had looked when he returned to Athens. He was therefore merely imprisoned. The government of the Four Hundred broke down after about four months' rule, and Andocides either escaped, or, more probably, was released by the partially restored democracy in gratitude for his service to the fleet, for which he had suffered. But he was still an oligarch, still tainted with the suspicion of impiety, and the decree of Isotimides was still in force. He accordingly again left Athens. Indeed Athens was not at the moment a very desirable home. In the early spring (411) Abydos had revolted; soon Byzantium and Chalcedon followed; thus the Hel­ lespont and Euxine were closed to Athenian vessels, the dues paid to Athens by ships passing through the Bosphorus ceased, and no corn came from that quarter. In a few months the question of supplies grew still more serious, since revolted just as the Four Hundred were about to collapse. Thucydides says the revolt of Euboea, on which Athens depended for a great part of her supplies, especially now that the Euxine and Hellespont were blocked, filled the Athenians with the utmost con­ sternation. The outlook must have been very gloomy when the limited democracy took up the government, and Andocides left Greece. He had failed to appease the oligarchs, but had nearly won favour with the democrats.

1 The Four Hundred were by no means all of one mind, owing to jealousy. Many were elected who had no sympathy with the extreme views of Pisander. Andocides may have been on good terms with some of ' followers. 10 LIFE OF ANDOCIDES. For this reason he now sought an opportunity of securing their good-will. He again went to Cyprus, where he arrived in the winter (411-10). Evagoras had lately obtained the throne of Salamis, and was doing his utmost to hellenize his kingdom. He therefore gladly received Andocides. Athens was threatened with famine, and apparently it did not seem likely that supplies would come from Cyprus;1 but Andocides' influence was such that he succeeded in obtaining a promise of corn from that island. He at once set off to Athens to announce the promise to the Senate, and arrived about the time of the Battle of Cyzicus (spring of 4102). He reported the news to the Senate, and his reception by that body was sufficiently favourable to encourage him to request the Ecclesia to remove the arifjuia from which he was suffer­ ing, and to give him the advantage of the aSeia voted to him in 415. But, though his enemies kept silence in the Senate when he only announced the coming supplies, there were many who were not prepared to receive back

1 Perhaps Andocides exaggerates his personal services in Cyprus in the speech De Reditu, since Evagoras would surely have done what he could to help Athens—supposing it was from him the corn was sent. Pseudo-Lysias indeed (§ 20) goes so far as to say that A. had offended Evagoras, had been imprisoned, and had escaped to Athens. The truth doubtless lies between the extreme statements of Andocides and his accuser. The speech De Reditu was probably de­ livered soon after the Battle of Cyzicus, about the time that full democracy was restored (§ 27). 2 With regard to the date of his second return, see "Introduction to De Reditu." LIFE OF ANDOGIDES. 11 as a citizen a man guilty of impiety of a serious nature. Therefore, before he addressed the Ecclesia, several speakers came forward to warn the people against ac­ ceding to his prayer. The tone of Andocides' speech was humble and apologetic: he declared that he had been carried away in 415 by his youthful folly, and by the elo­ quence of the confederates in the plot to mutilate the Hermae. He had indeed informed, but he had thus relieved the city from alarm, though he had incurred the hatred of the oligarchs; they had now suborned worthless persons to oppose his prayer to the Ecclesia, and prevent him from obtaining a just reward for his services in Cyprus. Yet the feeling against him among the demo­ crats must have been still widespread, and his services must have appeared exaggerated; for the Athenians were always ready to weigh a man's services to the state against his guilt, and decide in his favour if the former appeared to preponderate over the latter. But Andocides' request was not granted, and he once more left Athens under the same conditions as in the previous year. His trading operations now became extensive. He visitedx Sicily, , the Peloponnese, Thessaly, the Hellespont, the Ionian cities of Asia Minor, and finally

1 Pauly's Encyc. accepts the pseudo-Plutarch's statement that A. settled in Elis ; but this statement is not probable after what we know of his previous exiles, nor does it agree with de Myst. §§ 4 and 132. He may have visited Elis when he went to the Peloponnese. No statement can be accepted on the sole authority of the pseudo- Plutarch. 12 LIFE OF ANDOCIDES. settled once more in Cyprus. The wealth of his family was exhausted, but his speculations in merchant shipping were so prosperous during these years that he amassed a fresh fortune. Thus, while his country was passing through the terrible series of disasters which culminated in the government of the Thirty, Andocides lived as a prosperous merchant abroad, and made the acquaintance of several princes, and visited many cities. Financial exhaustion caused the fall of Athens after the loss of her fleet at Aegospotami (405 B.C.). There had been no thought of surrender when the news of the disaster was received; but there was no money to build a new fleet, and the city, therefore, had no strength to resist when invested by . The settlement of Andocides in Cyprus, after several years of travel, is probably to be placed in 405,1 after the battle of Aegospotami, as Eva- goras' kingdom then offered a retreat to many Athenians besides Conon, and the seas were unsafe to an Athenian trader, and finally Lysander sent to Athens every Athenian he could lay hands on, in order to starve the city the sooner. Andocides and Conon therefore had both to wait in Cyprus and watch the turn of events. The democracy was restored in 403 B.C., by the efforts of Thrasybulus ; and, in consequence of the General Amnesty which followed, Andocides returned, apparently early in

1 In [Lys.] 6, 49, A. is accused of doing nothing to help Athens in 405, though he had vessels and money at his command, and while many metics and foreigners were doing so much. See note on de Myst., § 144. LIFE OF ANDOCIDES. 13

402 B.C., to Athens. He at once joined the party which it was to his interest to join—the party of Thrasybulus now in the ascendant, and supported by Cephalus, Anytus, and Archinus. This party was viewed with jealousy by another, which looked to the exiled Conon as its hope, and in Athens was now led by Agyrrhius, who at present found his sphere of activity in finance. The government was desperately in want of funds. The Ten who had succeeded the Thirty had borrowed largely from Sparta to carry on the war with the exiles, and on the restoration of democracy payment was demanded. Some argued that those who had remained in Athens (ol e£ ao-reco?) during the oligarchy ought to provide the sum due, but the Ecclesia decided to pay the money as a public debt. Two talents owed to Thebes were not forthcoming; nor could the city pay the contributions to Sparta's war expenses now imposed on her. Athens lay without arsenal, fleet, docks, or walls—a humble and defenceless member of the Spartan confederacy. Andocides was useful to the government. He stood well with Sparta, he must have been favourably regarded by Thrasybulus, who had led the opposition to Pisander in 411 and had obtained material assistance from Ando­ cides in Samos, and he had money, which he was willing to spend on his country. Between 403 and 399, he was Gymnasiarch at the festival of the Hephaestia and Archi- theorus at the Isthmian and Olympian Games (May and July 400 B.C. respectively), and became Treasurer of the Sacred Moneys—a post of importance. In 400 he was 14 LIFE OF ANDOCIDES. president of the company which farmed the tax of two per cent, on imports and exports. Agyrrhius had been chief of the board the previous year, and had paid the state thirty talents for the privilege of farming the tax, but Andocides now offered thirty-six talents, and thus his company secured the contract, and Agyrrhius was defeated. His disgust was so great that he joined in the attack on Andocides the following year. The period from 403 to 392 B.C. forms the most suc­ cessful portion of the orator's life. Oligarchs who remained in Athens during the reign of the Thirty had to choose between feigning conversion to democratic opinions and leaving Athens, unless they could keep in obscurity. The party was thoroughly discredited. But Andocides occupied the enviable position of belonging neither to " the City " nor " the Piraeus " faction. Like Conon, he had seen nothing of the struggle which gave rise to these new parties. Thus he had a fresh start when he returned in 402 B.C., and he turned his opportunity to good account. Yet he had enemies who were only waiting for a favourable moment for attacking him. There were oligarchs who regarded him as a turn­ coat, and he was viewed with disfavour by the extreme democrats, while with some he had serious personal differences. In 399 B.C. Cephisius, Epichares, Meletus, Callias, and Agyrrhius came to terms and indicted Andocides for impiety, and for exercising the rights of a citizen when he was under civil disabilities owing to the decree of Isotimides. The names of the prosecutors and LIFE OF ANDOCIDES. 15 their supporters showed that political questions were involved in the case. Cephalus and Anytus, two of the chief supporters of Thrasybulus, joined Andocides against the combination. The speech delivered by the orator on this occasion before the heliasts was very different from his address to the Ecclesia in 410 B.C. He now stated that he had taken no part in the mutilation of the Hermae himself; he had only told the Senate what he had heard from Euphiletus, the leader in the plot; and he had only added four names to those given by Teucrus in his information. The lapse of eleven years and the novelty of success had emboldened the speaker, and instead of bewailing his guilt, he now protested his innocence. Whatever the heliasts may have thought on that point, they had good reasons for acquitting Andocides. They considered the services his family had rendered to the state in times past, the benefits he had himself of late conferred upon it,1 the obvious malice of his opponents and their own crimes (from the consequences of which they were only protected by the very oaths which they were now urging the jury to break), above all, the serious blow which condemnation in this case would deal to a government whose watchword was the Amnesty. Such reasons were sufficient to justify Athenian jurymen in voting in favour of acquittal. The verdict for Andocides

1 Lys. 30, § 1, says that even if a man appeared guilty, he was apt to be acquitted if he recalled the valiant deeds of his ancestors and proved that he had himself served the state well. 16 LIFE OF ANDOCIDES. strengthened the hands of the government and proved the determination of the Courts to uphold the Amnesty. At some date subsequent to the trial, Andocides was Choregus for his Tribe, the Pandionis, at the great Dio- nysia, and gained a victory with his Boys' Chorus, the record of which is still preserved in an inscription. In the winter of 395 B.C., Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos formed an alliance against Sparta. In 394 B.C. Conon's influence was restored by the great victory of Cnidus, while that of Thrasybulus declined owing to the defeats sustained by the allies near Corinth and Coronea. Thus Agyrrhius also advanced in importance, and his financial measures this same year made him exceedingly popular. The defeat of the Corinthians and Argives at Lechaeum in 392, and the arrest of Conon by Tiribazus, made the cause of the allies appear so hopeless that an embassy was sent from Athens to Sparta in the winter to arrange a peace if possible. Andocides was selected for this mission as a friend of Sparta. The embassy was well received and another sent from Sparta to Athens, to return with an answer after an interval of forty days for discussion there. Andocides addressed the Ecclesia in support of the proposed peace. In his speech {On the Peace), he showed (1) that the demos had prospered through peace, suffered through war {Be Pace, §§ 1-12): (2) there was no ground for continuing war (§§ 13-16): (3) Sparta and Thebes desired peace (§§ 17-23): (4) Argos and a section in Corinth desired war, but Argos had selfish motives; and Athens with Argos and Corinth LIFE OF ANDOCIDES. 17 could not cope with Sparta and Boeotia united (§§ 24-27) : (5) Athens was ever prone to ally herself with the weaker party,1 and thus invite defeat (§§ 28-32): (6) he defended the course now adopted (§§ 33-36) : and concluded with (7) a summary of the advantages to be gained by making peace with Sparta (§§ 36-end). But the Corinthian and Argive Commissioners opposed him; the Athenians also feared that Sparta might again force on them an oligarchy, as in 404: for they viewed the proposed peace as a sign of the revival of the oligarchs. Some even whispered that Thrasybulus, whose haughty bearing gave offence, was ready to aid in establishing an oligarchy—an ab­ surd rumour which received some colour from his con­ nection with Andocides. Many also complained that the cleruchies abroad, lost in 405, were not to be restored to them by the peace. The conditions were therefore refused; and the success of Iphicrates in 390 seemed to justify the decision of the Ecclesia. Thrasybulus himself appears to have been dissatisfied with the conditions proposed by Sparta, and those who much wished for peace regarded the action of that great man on this occasion as that of a tiresome meddler.2 Andocides is not heard of after this failure. The influence of Thrasybulus revived for a short time in 390, but a fresh and more vigorous attack was presently made

1 For a defence of this policy see , 4 § 53. 2 The obscure lines of Aristophanes Ecclesiazusae 193-203 point to some difficulty interposed by Thrasybulus, and also to the diminution of public confidence in him. B 18 LIFE OF ANDOCIDES. on him. On his death in 389, Agyrrhius became Strategus in his place. But he failed signally; for Persia joined Sparta, and on the Peace" of Antalcidas in 387 the party which Conon and Agyrrhius had led collapsed. Andocides, if alive, must have viewed these events with equanimity. The year of his death is not known. Andocides is a typical Athenian of the decline—clever, shifty, impulsive, living in the past rather than the future, more given to words than deeds, not over scrupulous about truth and honesty, incapable of dissociating political from personal interests. Thus in character he resembles Alcibiades. He lacked his splendid talents and his power of originating, but we discern in him the same pride of ancestry and the same self-assertion. He had something, too, of Alcibiades' power of fascinating strangers, and this power diminished the bitterness of his exile. But he had not the power of swaying men, and he had no military talent: he was, as it were, a foretaste of the next genera­ tion of Athenian statesmen, when the orator was no longer, as in former times, identical with the military leader,1 and when Athens only "did battle with words." It is curious that the strange alternations of prosperity and adversity in the life of Andocides synchronise so exactly with similarly varying phases of Athenian history. His youth was passed in a pleasant atmosphere of luxury and ease under the glorious sunshine of ' adminis­ tration. But in the year of the Sicilian Expedition, as

See Butcher, Demosthenes, p. 19. LIFE OF ANDOCIDES. 19 though his country's folly were casting its shadow upon him, he allowed himself to be led into an insensate con­ spiracy. The man was blinded by the pride of wealth, as the city was by the pride of power. Both transgressed the law of self-restraint imposed by heaven on mortals. Throughout the weary years of the Sicilian and Decelean Wars, Nemesis, herself unwearied, pursued her hapless victims. At times a ray of hope burst through . But though the gloomy goddess might depart for a season, it was only that she might gather fresh strength for a yet more terrible onset; while, in the meantime, against Athens she sent forth the hosts of Agis and Lysander to do her dread work, and against the orator the more subtle but not less formidable powers of Pisander and Isotimides.

But at length the shadows departed. City aynd citizen, humbled and chastened by bitter suffering, received con­ solation. Very pathetic is their history during the years succeeding the Eestoration. We watch them struggling manfully to redeem their lost honour. If Athens received back Andocides and frankly forgave him, he reciprocated her welcome with ample gifts. Yet as we turn from contemplating the evening of his life, we are conscious that his country is no longer what she was. Thrasybulus and his followers could do much, but they could never restore the Athens of Pericles.1

1 The statement of the pseudo-Plutarch that A. was again banished after failing to induce the Athenians to accept the peace in 392-1 is, as Dr. Jebb points out, valueless. The writer merely made it in order to round off a sufficiently unfortunate career with a melodramatic close. 20 INTRODUCTION TO " DE MYSTERIIS."

II. INTRODUCTION TO aDE MYSTERIIS." § 1. Nature of the Case. This speech was delivered in 399 B.C. (§ 132) before a court of heliasts, all of whom were initiated into the Eleusinian Mysteries (§29 Note); the president of this court was the Archon Basileus1 (cf. §111), who had charge of the state religion, and presided in cases con­ nected therewith. The method of procedure was by an evhei%i

1 Of. Hyperides pro Evx.t 21, do-e/3ei rig ra Upd' ypa(j)a\ dcrefteias (elari) Trpos rov /3acriXe'a. Dem. 22 § 27 rrjs aarefieias canv airaysiv, ypd(j)€(rBai, diKci&crdai 7Tpos RvfioXTridas, (frpafctv npos TOP fiaortXea. In that passage evhti^is is not mentioned, but andyeiv includes hdeLKvvvat, the two terms being not always clearly distinguished! See Alt. Proc, § 225. For part of this note I am indebted to Mr. W. F. Smith, Tutor of St. John's. INTRODUCTION TO " DE MYSTERIIS." 21

who had aided them in getting up the case. The speech of A. answers those of the three prosecutors. He was aided by two powerful politicians, who appeared as his o-vvBt/coi, viz., Anytus and Cephalus, besides members of the Pandionid tribe (§ 150). Hence A. did not himself occupy all the time allowed for the defence, since extra time was not granted for GVVZIKOL to speak. The result was an acquittal, and it is not improbable that Cephisius failed to obtain one-fifth of the votes, in which case he had to pay a fine of 1000 drachmae, as did every pro­ secutor in a public case (ypcc^v) wno did not obtain that proportion of the heliasts' votes, and he was also excluded from the Eleusinian shrine.

| 2. The Case for the Prosecution. The case then is an ordinary evhei^is aaefieia?} But the main count was backed up at the trial by others, and the whole case as stated before the court stood as follows. (1) A. was guilty of aaefieia because he had attended the Mysteries (de Myst. § 3), and entered the Eleusinian shrine at Athens ([Lys.] 6, 42) when expressly excluded by the decree of Isotimides.2 (2) A. was guilty of acrefieia be­ cause he had habitually entered holy places, from which he was excluded by the decree. Thus he had offended all the deities ([Lys.] 6, 9). (3) He had exercised the rights of a citizen and entered the Agora, when prohibited by the decree ([Lys.] 6, 9 and 33).

1 For the distinction between evbec^is and dTrayobyrj, see § 8, Note. Of. §§ 91, 105. 2 See Life 0fAtj p> 6> 22 INTRODUCTION TO " DE MYSTERIIS."

In order to prove any of these three charges it was necessary to show that A. was subject to the decree of Isotimides at the time. Accordingly evidence was put in with regard to (a) the mutilation of the Hermae, that A. had given information incriminating himself in the outrage in 415 B.C. (de Myst. § 34-71; [Lys.] 6, § 14 et seq.) (b) the violation of the Mysteries, that A. had given in­ formation incriminating himself and his father (de Myst. § 11-27). Therefore he had admitted that he was guilty of impiety in 415, and had been and was still subject to the decree of that year. Now the prosecutors foresaw that A. would plead that the decree had been repealed in 403 by the measure passed after the restoration of the democracy, which abolished all previous laws but those expressly approved at that time, and that the charge violated the oaths taken by all the citizens at the time of the General Amnesty after the return of Thrasybulus, according to which all bygones were to be bygones. The prosecutors therefore dealt with this important point in their speeches. They argued that the reconciliation oaths and measures of 403 had nothing to do with A/s case ([Lys.] 6, § 37). They had been entered into merely by two parties—ol ig dareco^, those who remained in the city during the eight months' rule of the Thirty (April-Dec. 404), and ol etc Tieipatm— those who fled into exile during that period and returned with Thrasybulus. To neither of these did A. belong. This argument requires examination. It appears from the text of the oath (de Myst. § 90), and the words of INTRODUCTION TO " DE MYSTERIIS." 23

Xenophon {Hell. 2, end) that the terms were intended to include every citizen except the Thirty and the Decarchy established by Lysander in Piraeus. But A. had nothing / to do with either of the two contracting parties. It was 1 a grave oversight that no special clause was inserted in the oath referring to men undergoing punishment for crimes committed before the overthrow of the democracy, and to those who had caused the death of others during the oligarchy. This omission caused much difficulty in the courts after 403, when some persons began to prosecute for acts prior to 403. The question had to be settled by the creation of precedents and by a liberal use of the " Traparypafyrj of Arcbinus," a measure passed in 403 to meet the difficulty, which enacted that any one prosecuted for crimes committed before that date, might plead that he was protected by the Amnesty. The argument em­ ployed by the prosecution, that the oaths, etc. were made as between two parties, those of the City, and those of the Piraeus, appears also in Lysias, 13 § 88 et seq., where Agoratus the informer is prosecuted for his actions under the Thirty. The Athenian courts certainly discouraged such prosecutions as far as possible : probably the heliasts used discretion and acquitted wherever it was possible, and condemned only when punishment was obviously and loudly called for. As regards other persons who had fled in consequence of the decree of Isotimides, the question whether they ought to benefit by the oaths had scarcely arisen; for they had not ventured to set foot in Athens if they were notorious ([Lys.] 6 § 44); which 24 INTRODUCTION TO " DE MYSTERIIS." shows that there was considerable doubt about the uni­ versal application of the terms of the oath. A.'s opponents felt that the question thus raised would depend on the construction of the court for its answer. They therefore brought forward a fourth charge indepen­ dent of the decree of Isotimides, which arose out of cir­ cumstances which occurred at Athens shortly after the indictment had been lodged with the Archon Basileus. (4) A. deserved to die, because he deposited a suppliant branch in the Eleusinian shrine at Athens during the celebration of the Mysteries, and this was a breach of religious law, for which, they said, the penalty was death. Now Callias, in his official capacity as SaSov^o?, had brought this matter before the notice of the Senate, and in support of his interpretation of the divine will had quoted a responsio of Hipponicus, his father (§ 110 et set}.). But Callias could produce no evidence that A. was re­ sponsible for the sin, and it appears that Cephalus at once refuted him by pointing out that Hipponicus and Callias, who belonged to the family of the Ceryces, had not the right of interpreting divine law.1 Moreover, Callias was attempting to override a VO/JLOS yeypa/jLfiivos, which laid the penalty for the sin imputed to A. at 1000 drachmae, by a vofjuos aypacfros. There seems to have been no reason whatever for renewing this charge against A. at the trial, and in doing so the prosecutors were guilty of gross avKo^avria, and damaged their case.

1 See § L15 Note. INTRODUCTION TO "LE MYSTERIIS." 25

Of course the prosecution tried to make capital out of A.'s implication in the crimes of 415. Would not Athens punish a man who had admitted his guilt ([Lys.] 6 § 15)? A. had shown that he did not believe in the gods by adding insult to injury in daring to sail the seas (ib. § 19). Though the gods had not destroyed him then, they were but reserving their vengeance that it might be all the heavier when at last it did come (de MysL §§137-139). The two goddesses had never v failed to punish those who had offended them, nor would they fail now (de Myst. § 29, [Lys.] 6 §§ 1-3, 19, 20). A. had even outdone Diagoras, the notorious atheist. But A. in reply pointed out what was the true and obvious inference from the fact that he had come safely out of all his troubles. His opponents, in fact, still further damaged their case by such statements.

§ 3. Relations of A. with his accusers. (a) Cephisius had in some year previous to 403 obtained from the ircoXyrai the lease of the tax paid by the cultiva­ tors of land belonging to the state (§ 92). He collected 90 minae, but did not pay the sum due from him by the date fixed upon. He therefore became arcfjuo^ as a debtor to the state, and left Athens. After 403 he was himself only protected vby the Amnesty from an evSeiJ-i? for exercising the rights of a citizen when artfios. It is possible that A. had recently called attention to the fact that money was owing to the treasury from Cephisius and others. At any rate, as the state was in great want of 26 INTRODUCTION TO " DE MYSTERIIS." money, some one connected with the government must have suggested the possibility of bringing some pressure to bear on such debtors, even if they could not be com­ pelled to pay (§ 88). A. since his return had paid much attention to finance, and the prosecutors expected that he would refer to Cephisius' debt, and one of them clearly implied that some action would be taken against Cephisius ([Lys.j 6, § 42). (b) Ejpichares had been a member of the Senate under the Thirty. He was an oligarch, and, remembering A. as he was in 415, must have been disgusted at his present success as a supporter of Thrasybulus, to whom A/s dis­ grace would be a blow. (c) Meletus was also a supporter of the Thirty, who hoped now to extricate himself from an unpleasant posi­ tion. It was said that he had been responsible for the death of a democrat named Leon (§ 94), and he must have been in disfavour with the party of Thrasybulus. There is no reason for supposing that this man is identical with the accuser of Socrates, as some have thought. (d) Callias had a private quarrel with A. over the possession of an "heiress" {iirWX^pos!) and her inheri­ tance (fcXfjpos). A. declares (§ 121) that Callias gave Cephisius 1000 drachmae as his contribution towards the expenses of the prosecution, and this statement is prob­ ably true, as the sum would be a trifle to the spendthrift son of " the richest of the Greeks," and would indemnify Cephisius in case he failed to obtain a fifth of the votes. Cephisius no doubt thought the assistance of the 8a$ov%os INTRODUCTION TO " DE MYSTERIIS." 27 of considerable value. He had married A.'s first cousin, and was much disliked by him (§§ 124-131). (e) Agyrrhius had a dispute with A. in 400 B.C. over the lease of the two per cent, tax (§133 et seq.). The former prided himself on his knowledge of finance. He was, moreover, in opposition now with the government, and wanted to displace Thrasybulus as Strategus. Politics after 403 became more and more a personal matter, and parties were the more jealous of one another because their professed objects were the same, viz., restoration of Athens' power. Hence the demagogue Agyrrhius, for selfish ends, was ready to join the oligarchs in an attack on the government. § 4. A.'s Defence. His object was to prove that he was not guilty of ao-efieia. He admitted that he had attended the Mys­ teries 3 that he had entered the temples; that he had exercised the rights of a citizen. He denied that he was at the time arcfjuo^. In order to prove this, he states (1) that he had neither been guilty of acre^eca nor admitted his guilt in 415 : therefore the decree of Isotimides had nothing to do with him; (2) that, even supposing he had been guilty and admitted his guilt, the decree was no longer in force, since all Psephisms previous to 403 were abolished by the measures of that year. As to the fourth charge, it was an impudent fabrication on the part of Callias. Analysis of the Speech. §§ 1-7. Appeal to the jury to hear him with goodwill. §§ 8-10. Introduction to his defence. 28 INTRODUCTION TO " DE MYSTERIIS."

§§ 11-18. Complete narrative of the events arising out of the profanation of the Mysteries, showing that, from the declaration of Pythonicus to the victory of Leogoras over Speusippus, he had had nothing to do with the matter. §§ 19-28. The impossibility of his having informed in the matter of the Mysteries demonstrated. (1) It was he who advised his father to remain and prosecute Speusippus after he was denounced by Lydus : how could he have done that if he had informed against his father? (19-21). (2) Speusippus did not attempt to use the supposed information as a proof of Leogoras' guilt (22).. (3) Denunciation of his opponents'falsehood (23-24). (4) Challenge to any one to refute him (25-26). (5) There had been no question of rewarding him for his supposed fjbrjvvaLs (27-28). §§ 29-33. The Mysteries dismissed, and his innocence insisted upon. §§ 34-47. Account of the informations arising out of the mutilation of the Hermae, prior to his own disclosures. §§ 48-69. Explanation and defence of his own informa­ tion. He only informed against four men not included by Teucrus. §§70-91. The decree of Isotimides is not in force. (1) All arcfjuoL had been made ITTITLJXOI (70-79). (2) The various measures passed on the restoration of the democracy prove that previous Pse- phisms were no longer in force (80-89). INTRODUCTION TO "DE MYSTERIIS." 29

(3) The Athenians have sworn to bear no malice against any one for deeds committed before 403 (90-91). §§ 92-98. It is only in virtue of these measures that Cephisius, Meletus, and Epichares, go unpunished for their crimes. §§ 99-102. Personal attack on Epichares. §§ 103-105. This is a test case as to whether the laws and oaths are to prevail or not. §§ 106-109. Conventional reference to Athenian history. §§ 110-116. The tKerrjpia was not placed in the Eleu- sinian shrine by himself, but by Callias, who trumped up the charge against him. §§ 117-127. Account of his quarrel with Callias over the iiri/cXrjpos. §| 128-131. Personal attack on Callias. §§ 132-136. Account of his quarrel with Agyrrhius. §§ 137-139. If the gods were wroth with him, why had they not destroyed him at sea ? Instead of that they had brought him safe through perils, and had not thought of delegating their vengeance to a wretch like Cephisius. §§ 140-150. Appeal for a favourable verdict. (1) The character of Athenians for unanimity is at stake (140). (2) The services of his ancestors (141-143). (3) The advantages which the state will reap if he is acquitted (144-146). (4) The disasters to his family if he is condemned (HI-end). 30 INTRODUCTION TO "DE MYSTERIIS."

| 5. Remarks on the Speech.1 A/s occupies a peculiar position among the Attic Orators. He had not received a rhetorical training, and therefore was dependent on his natural talent. Important results follow from this. His speeches, if tested by the rules of , are found wanting. Consequently ancient critics thought but little of A. The writer of his life remarked that he seldom employs " figures" (o-^rjiiara). Now there are three varieties of "figures"—viz. (1) figures of grammar (a\ \e£ea>9)—e.g. Zeugma (§§ 63, 132 Notes), attraction (§ 9 Note) :—these are rare in A. (2) figures of language (a. Xoyov)—e.g. TrapovojJLaaia (de Red. § 22 el jmev ftovKeaOe alrco, el Se fir) /3ov\ea0e airanoy, ib. § 1 tcoivrj ecrri, . . . Koiva icrrt. de Myst. § 1 teal Si/calcc? real dSUcos), avrLQecns (de Myst. § 55 e/jue fiev Set . . . vfLas Se Set). These also are seldom used by A. (3) figures of thought (o'XVIJbaTa Stavoias:)—e.g. irpoaanroiroda, or the persona­ tion of another (de Myst. §§ 4, 101), cnroo-Tpofyr}, addressing an opponent instead of the audience (de Myst. § 95, 99), d'Trocrito'irrjG-Ls (de Myst. §§ 80-81,112—both passages altered by Lipsius), Irony (fivfcrrjpianos) (ib, § 133, 'Ayvpptos ... o /eaXo? /cdyaOo9), Question (epcorrjo-^) (ib. § 99, and often). This kind of figure (3) is frequently used by A. He is very defective in arrangement (raft?); this speech has no arrangement whatever after § 92; the speaker deals with each point as it occurs to him. The musical

1 For a more detailed criticism of A.'s style, see Jebb's Attic Orato7'S- i 88 et seq. INTRODUCTION TO " DE MYSTERIIS." 31 qualities of rhetoric—harmony and rhythm—will be sought for in vain in A. The sentences are clumsy and careless. In technique therefore A. is sadly lacking. But here detraction may cease. Though A.'s great speech would have found small favour with an audience of pedants, it is easy to understand why it produced such an excellent effect on a court of Athenian heliasts. In describing persons and events he is vigorous and telling. He treats a sombre subject with singular lightness of touch. Thus, though he is dealing with an intricate case, he never lapses into dulness. In personal abuse (so palatable to the Athenians) and story-telling he is admirable. From A.'s lack of special training, it follows naturally that he speaks the language of everyday life. The " de Mysteriis " is a specimen of colloquial Greek, and should be far more widely studied than it is on that account. A. is fond of introducing snatches of poetry which occur to him (see § 53 Note) : they do not seem in place, yet they show how completely he was at his ease.

§ 6. Athenian affairs in 399 B.C. The position of political parties had been completely changed by the suppression and restoration of democracy. From 403, for a generation onwards, the chief parties were known as ol e£ aa-rem and ol etc Hecpaim—terms which have been already noticed. The Piraeus party was by this time split into two factions.1 At present the

1 See Life of A., pp. 13, 14. 32 INTRODUCTION TO " DE MYSTERIIS." opposition between the two great parties came out chiefly in the courts. Whenever one of the City party attempted to obtain a share in the administration, he was attacked at his Sofa/juaa-la as a supporter of the Thirty. Mco- machus, who had been on the board appointed to revise the laws after the restoration of democracy, was prose­ cuted this year for having grossly neglected his duties. The speech written by Lysias for the prosecution shows the terrible state of Athenian finance, and the scrupulous care with which the Athenians exacted outward con­ formity to the state religion (Lys. 30 §§ 17-25). The pro­ secution of Socrates brought Anytus again into the courts. Between 402 and 398, Athens, as a member of the Spartan confederacy, sent a force to aid Sparta in her invasions of Elis, and had to contribute to the expenses of these campaigns and of those in Asia. The financial difficulties lasted from 407 to 394 B.C. The speech several times referred to as [Lys.] 6 was delivered in this case against A. It followed the leading speech of Cephisius, and is therefore a SevrepoXoyia. It is discussed by Dr. Jebb, Attic Orators, i. p. 281.

III. INTRODUCTION TO "DE REDITU." § 1. Date of Speech. Dr. Jebb considers that the speech cannot have been delivered later than the summer of 410 B.C.1 A. declares

1 Lipsius puts the speech a few years later on account of ch Red. §12. But see Note on that passage. INTRODUCTION TO " DE REDITU." 33

(§§ 20, 21,) that he has done much to relieve the anxiety about the corn supply. Now in 411 and the beginning of 410, the want of corn was acutely felt at Athens, but the danger disappeared on the victory of Cyzicus (early in 410). It was natural that A. should take the first oppor­ tunity of returning, and having succeeded in obtaining the promise of corn from Cyprus, he must have set out at once. This date (410) may therefore be accepted as fairly certain.

§ 2. The Speech is a Srjfjirjyopia in the Ecclesia praying for a restitution of the dSeca voted by the Ecclesia to A. in 415 on the motion of Menippus (§ 23), and release from the drijiia under which he was at present suffering owing to the decree of Isotimides (§ 24). According to the pseudo- Lysias (§ 29) A. bribed the presidents to allow him a hearing; but this is probably untrue. A. had produced a good impression by his information to the , and the presidents in the Ecclesia would be quite ready to hear him when it seemed probable that he was about to confer a solid benefit on the state in the supplies of corn which he said were coming.

§ 3. The opponents of A. It was unlucky for him that, before he obtained a hearing, other persons rose and attacked him (§ 3). But he declared that those persons were not really responsible for the opposition (§ 4). It arose in reality from the c 34 INTRODUCTION TO " DE REDITU." remnants of the Four Hundred (§ 27), that party from which he had suffered in the previous year (§ 14 et seq.). His enemies had been ashamed to oppose him openly in the Boule, for fear of showing their ill-will towards the democracy (§ 4) in disputing the statement of a man who announced that he had been able to confer an important service on the state. It had been the same all along : it was that party which had persuaded the Ecclesia to pass the decree of Isotimides in 415, and now the same party had bribed others to revive the charges against him (§ 5). Is the view which A. took of the source from which the opposition to him sprang the true view ? He had of course not asked in the Boule for his restoration: he had merely announced the coming supplies of corn. He says he gave such clear proofs of the truth of his statement that no one dared to dispute it. Possibly he came with despatches from Evagoras himself. It is at all events certain that the Boule cordially received his intelligence, and probably no one, in the present want, felt any wish to question what he said. But it must be noticed that he gave no proof that it was he who caused the supplies to be despatched ; and also that the Ecclesia was not bound at all to receive him back as a citizen because he had announced coming supplies to the Boule. Further, the men who had already spoken were clearly not recognised oligarchs, for they, says A., were shameless persons who had teen prompted hy others (ravra irpaTTOvviv . . . air avSpwv erepoov § 4). He gives no proof of this : he merely says he sees a crrj/jbehv of it in the fact that no one opposed INTRODUCTION TO " DE REDITU." B5

him in the Boule, whereas shameless persons oppose him now. But the Ecclesia refused to remove the disabilities under which he was now suffering. Can it be supposed that a democratical assembly was moved to this refusal by reckless speakers who wrere, as it knew, suborned by the enemies of democracy ? The democrats themselves were opposed to A. He was trying to obtain permission to return from them, and he thought it would be an additional inducement to the Ecclesia to vote for him if he asserted that his cause was the cause of the democrats, and that the opposition to him sprang from the hated remnants of Pisander's party. He is therefore careful to remind the citizens that the same people drove him out in 415 and 411 as assailed him now (§ 27). He refers of course to Pisander's friends, but omits to mention that Pisander in 415 was regarded as an ardent democrat,1 A. admitted he had been guilty of mutilating the Hermae in 415, and had there­ fore participated in what was regarded as a plot to overthrow the democracy. It would appear then that the men who sp®ke against A. were really democrats, and not, as he pretended, the tools of the oligarchs.

1 This misrepresentation of the facts is precisely the same as that in Isocrates de bigis, where Alcibiades' son says that the same men drove out his father in 415 as established the Four Hundred in 411, and argues that therefore Alcibiades was banished by the oligarchs because he was faithful to the demos and refused to join in the plot. The speaker means Pisander, but presently refers (of course without mentioning names) to the demagogue Androcles' ucrayyoXia against Alcibiades in the Boule, as though the oligarchs caused that ! 36 INTRODUCTION TO " DE REDITU."

§ 4. A's answer to his opponents. Before A. could ask for what he wanted from the Ecclesia, he had first to defend himself from the attacks of previous speakers: otherwise he had little chance of a favourable vote. For (1) they had revived the memory of his acts in 415, (2) then urged the Ecclesia not to receive him back as a citizen. Similarly in 415, when the Ecclesia was held to discuss the final arrange­ ments for the Sicilian expedition, not only advised the Ecclesia to reconsider their decision, but also made a personal attack on Alcibiades. Consequently when the latter rose to reply, he first defended himself, and then spoke in favour of the expedition. The speech which Thuc. (6, 16) puts into his mouth on that occasion contains some passages closely resembling the de. Bed. Kg. Thuc. I.e. | 1 compared with de Bed. § 1 and § 27 init.; ib. || 2, 3, 6 with de Bed. §§ 3, 8, 11, 16, 20 ; Thuc. 6, 17, § 1, 97 e>^ veoTTjs KaX avoia, with de Bed. | 7. Analysis of the Speech. |§ 1-3. Indignant surprise that previous speakers had ventured to oppose his application, when he had already proved before the Boule that he was anxious to benefit the state. |§ 4, 5. Those speakers had been suborned by other persons, who had ventured to oppose him in the Boule. || 6, 7. Begs the Ecclesia to take pity on him. || 7-9. Explains the reasons why he gave his Informa­ tion in 415. He had to choose between death for himself INTRODUCTION TO "DE REDITU." 37

and his father, and release; and by informing he relieved the citizens of their alarm. §§ 10-16. An account of his sufferings from 415 to 411, designed to excite the compassion of the Ecclesia. §§ 17, 18. Others were constantly rewarded for smaller services than his. §§ 19-22. He tells, as far as he feels justified, the news which he had reported in secret to the Boule. §§ 22, 23. For this service he asks only a small reward —a renewal of the aheia voted to him in 415, but revoked by the decree of Isotimides. §§24, 25. He has thoroughly repented of his former folly. § 26. His present honest goodwill towards the demo­ cracy represents the true Andocides. §§27, 28. He bore no ill-will to the people for having deprived him of the aSeca. It was not surprising, since they were persuaded to do it by the same persons as induced them to accept slavery in place of democracy. As, therefore, they had revoked their decision in the one case, so they would, he hoped, do in the other.

§ 5. Remarks on the Speech. A. does not display any of the confidence before the Ecclesia which he shows eleven years later in addressing the heliasts. The tone is that of a man who is neither sure of himself nor of the justice of his case. But in 410 he had not even citizen rights. In 399 he had lived as a successful public man for three years. A. also cannot as 38 INTRODUCTION TO " DE REDITU." yet have had much experience in speaking in the Ecclesia, and we have seen that' he had not been trained as a professional orator. He may have been alarmed at the opposition with which he met, and his anxiety must have been considerably increased when he found that his audience was not in sympathy with him (§§ 1, 2). The style is far more laboured and less colloquial than that of the de Mysteriis. A. keeps more closely to his subject, and his diction, while more studied, lacks the ease which delights us in the later speech. The sentences are less diffuse, and asyndeton, common in the de Myst. {e.g. § 82 i/cfcXTjo-lav nroirjoravre^), does not occur. In connection with this subject it may be noticed that a colloquial construction—viz., on with the exact words of the speaker in place of Oratio Obliqua occurs four times in the de Myst.} but not at all in this speech ; though once, in § 14, in the only place, as Dr. Jebb has remarked, in which " the dramatic force of A.'s true style flashes out," he employs the 0. Recta in place of the Obliqua. The following words and phrases, used metaphorically, are - cited by Blass (Attische Bereds. i. p. 325) '.—irepucaovTai (§ 2 Note), laOrjvat (§ 9), 6S6v re ical nropov evOapaelv (§ 16). The speech, though it does not conform to any rhetor­ ical plan, is well arranged. The Proem, which contains A.'s defence (§§ 1-4), and is not clearly separated from the main portion, is followed by a narrative of past ser­ vices and undeserved sufferings. Upon this narrative is founded an a fortiori argument, showing that the speaker

1 §§ 49, 63, 120, 135. See Note on § 49. INTRODUCTION TO " DE REDITU." 39 deserves to receive what he is about to ask for. Then comes a reference to fresh benefits which he is about to confer on his hearers. He ends with an epilogue in which he makes his request (§§ 24-end). But the reader will feel that the speech is inadequate to the occasion, and that it cannot have done much towards producing a favourable impression on the minds of an audience not predisposed in the speaker's favour, One argument only is advanced to prove he deserves consideration (§§ 17 and 18), and it cannot be said that much judgment is dis­ played in the asking of the favour, as a reference to the rather patronising language of § 27 will show. When A. has occasion to refer to himself he is unable to avoid arrogance (§§ 1, 3, 9, 12, 20).

| 6. Athenian Affairs in 410 B.C. At the opening of the year Athens was in great want of corn, and most of her allies were in revolt. The hopes of Athens, however, had lately considerably revived owing to the two naval victories off Cynossema (at the second of which Alcibiades was present). The earlier battle was followed by the recovery of Cyzicus. The government was, during the first half of this year, the modified form of democracy established on the fall of the Four Hundred: there were nominally five thousand citizens, but probably, by this time at least (Jan. 410), that number was considerably exceeded.1 There was no pay

1 There cannot have been exactly five thousand citizens put on the list when the Four Hundred were abolished. See Grote Gh. Hist. vol. vii. p. 316, note. 40 INTRODUCTION TO " DE REDITU.' for state services. Theramenes was now one of the chief men at Athens, but he did not enjoy the full confidence of the people. He was Strategus, as also were Thrasy- bulus and Alcibiades, the two latter having been elected by the fleet at Samos. Early in the year Alcibiades gained the brilliant victory of Oyzicus over Mindarus. The distress at Athens at once disappeared; for corn came again from Thrace and the Hellespont, and Alcibiades re-established the Athenian dues in the Bosphorus. The Lacedaemonians were so disheartened that they applied for peace, but so good did the position of Athens appear that Cleophon persuaded - the Ecclesia to refuse the terms. On the return of the victorious fleet, full democracy was soon restored, and it was on this occasion that the Psephism of Demophantus was passed (de Myst. § 97). A board, on which Demophantus and Nicomachus1 served, had been appointed to revise the laws, but the work was interrupted before it was completed. Cleophon became very popular by carrying a measure re-establishing pay for state services, and his management of the financial affairs of Athens seems to have been marked by considerable ability and strict honesty. Agis was still at Decelea, but he' was mortified at finding the prospects of Athens so good, in spite of his proximity.

1 Lys. 30 Aristopli. Ran. 1506. See Th. Kock, Introcl. to Ranae p. 15. Nicomachus was on the board appointed in 411, and also on that appointed in 403. Of. p. 32. 1.

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MAPTTPES.

Ta puev yevo/jteva r)/coverare, a> avBpeS) /cat v/ntv ol 19 fjuaprvpes /jte/Ltaprvprj/cacnv* a Be ol Karnqyopoi eroXfirjaav 48 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

enrelp, apa/jLpr)a0r}T€. ovrco yap icai hUaiop CLTTOXO- yelcrBai, ava/Lii^vrjcr/covTa TOV$ TCOP Karrjyopcov Xoyov? e^eXey^ecp. eXe^ap yap cos eyco pb^pvaaipbi irepl TCOP fivorrTjpicov, airoypa^aifxi re TOP irarepa TOP e/JiavTov irapovra, Kai yevoifjbrjv /Jb7]WT7]<; Kara rov iraTpos rov ejxavTOv, Xoyop ol/nac TTOVTCOP Beivorarov re Kai avo- accorarop XeyopTes. o fjuep yap airoypatya? avrop Avho<$ r)p 6 Qepetckeovs, o he iretcras vTrofielpac Kai fir) olyeo-Qai cpevyopTa eyo), "iroXXa acerevaa^ teat Xafi/Bapo- 20 fiepo? TCOP yoparoop* KaiTOi n efiovkofirjp, ei efirjpvcra fi6P /cara rod irarpo^^ cos OVTOL cpao-tp, LKerevop he TOP irarepa fieipapTaTi iraOelp vir efiov; Kai o 7raTrjp €7T€ior07] dyoopa TOLOVTOP aycoPco-acrOai, ep co hvocp TOIP fjbeyiGToiP Ka/coLp OVK T/P avTcZ dfiaptetp ; rj yap efiov ho£apTO$ Ta opTa fxr]pvc>ai KaT e/ceipov vir efiov anro- Oapelpj r) avTco aco8ePTi efie airoKTelpai. 6 yap pofios OVTCOS eXyep* et /Jb€P TaXr]6r) fi7]pvo-€ie TLS, elpai TT]P aheiap, ei he TCL tyevhrj, TeOpapai. Kai fiep.hr] TOVTO ye eirio-TaaOe iraPTes, OTL e&codrjp KCLI eyco Kai o efio? 7raT7]p. olop re h OVK r)p, eiirep eyco fir]pVTr\s eyepofirjp irepl TOV 21 iraTpos, aXX' rj efie rj eKeipop ehei airoOapelp. cpepe hrj TOLPVP, et Kai o rraTfjp eftovXeTo vivofiepeip, TOVS cfciXov? ap oleade r) eiriTpeireip avTco fiepeipr] eyyvrjeraadae, aXXi OVK ap rrrapaLTelcrOai Kai hela8ai airiepat OTTOV \hv\ efieXXep avTos (re) crcodrjaecrdai efie Te OVK cnroXecp ; r r r 22 dXXa yap Kai ore % Kevcn K ROp ehicoKep 6 7raTr)p TCOP irapapoficopy avra Tama eXeyep, cos ovhencoiroTe eXOot

§ 20. afxapTelv; rj yap.] Locus spinosus in quo haeret Dobr. Vid. Not. ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS. 49

€6? Orj/iaKov e»? QepeicXea* efceXeve he fiaaaviaai ra aphpairoha, /cat, fir] rov$ fiev lrapahthopra^ pur) eOeXetv eXey^eip, TOVS he /JLT) '8e\opra ^TrevcriTnrq) Xeyetp, eu aXrjdrj oihe Xeyov- aX~)C rj "9f2 Aecoyopa, n fiovXet irepl Oepairovrcov Xeyeip ; ov% 6 uo? ovroai pbepbrjpv/ce Kara GOV, /cat (f>7]ao ae irapelvai ev ©rjfia/cS ; eXey^e ay^rop irurepa, rj ov/c ecrri aoo hheia" ravrl eXeyep av 6 ^Sirevannro^, (o apopes, rj ov; eyco fiev oipbat. erroipvp apeprjp era 2^6 hiKacrTTjpiov, rj X0705 TL$ rrept epbov eyevero, rj pbrjpvcas T65 G/jbT] eaTiv 7] anroypa^j], prj ore epur) teat? erepov, aXX* ei teal aXXov TLVOS tear epov, eXey^erco pie 0 fiovXopuepos epravOa apa/3a$. aXXa yap Xoyov apoatcorepop /cal arnarorepop ovheva ITOOTTOT eyco etiropra olha, do TOVTO povov r)yr)o-avTo help, roXprjaat /carrjyoprjerac eu §' eXey- ,)(67]

§ 22. '6e\ovTas, ita scr. Turr. Muell. Hick. SeXovras, Blass. Lips. Post particulam /x?}, libri modo SeXetv, modo iSeXeiv, modo '6e\eiv ostendunt. Vid. Not. vos.] Corr. Lips. Vid. Meisterhans p. 47, Ruth. Nov. Phryn. p. 90. Sustuli vlos. D 50 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

25 AL fiep pbrjpvaeL^ coBe 7repl TCOP pbvaTnqpLcop avrau eyevopro rerrapes:* OL Be ecpvyop KCCO' efcdcrrrjp fjunqpuaip, apeypcop VJJLLP ra opo/iara avTcop, icav OL p,apTVpe$ IxefxapTvpriicaaLP, en Be irpo^ TOVTOL? eyco TTLO-TOT^TO^ VJJLCOP hpetca, co apBpes, TaBe TTOLT^CTCO. TCOP yap (pvyoPTcop

eni Tol<$ JLLVCTT7)pL0L$ OL fJLZP TLP€$ ClTTeOaPOP vyop Kcvra ra$ /jLTjpvcreLs TdVTas a9 eyco V/JLLP direBeL^a. KCLL eap Tt? eXey^rj fxe OTL tyevBofiaL, ^piqo-aaOe pLOL O TL /BovXeaBe. KCLL LTLCOTTCO, KCLL irapa^copco, el TL<$ apafSaLpeLP fHovXerat.

27 $epe Srj, CO apBpe$3 pbeTa ravTa TL eyipe.TO ; eireiBr} CLL fjL7]pv

§ 27. r)fjL

Uept fiev rcov fJLvarrjpicov7 to avSpes, cbv eveica rj 29 evSei^is eyevero icai rrepl cbv vpcels ol fie/JLvrj/jbevoi eccr- eXrjXvOare, airoheBeiKrai /not, cos ovre rjaefirjica ovre fjL6fJL7}vvKa irepu ovSevbs ovre co/jboXoyrj/ca irepl avrcov, ovBe ecrri fxoi dfjLapTTjfjba rrep\ rco deco ovre fiel^ov ovr eXarrov ovBe ev. oirep e/juol rrepi irXeicrrov ecrTiv VJULCLS irelcrai. /cat yap OL Xoyoi rcov Karrjyopcov, (oV) ravra ra Beiva ica\ cppL/ccoBrj avcop6oa£ov, /cat, Xoyovs elirov cos rrporepov erepcov dfiaprovrcov tcac act e$i)o~ avrcov irepi rco Bean, ola e/caaros avrcov erraOe /cat eripjcoprfiy]—rovrcov 30 ovv e/JLOi rcov Xoycov r) rcov epycov n irpoanqfcei; eyco yap rroXv /JLOXXOV e/celvcov fcarqyopco, Kal Bt avro rovro (pTj/uLi Becv e/cetvovs jxev arroXecrdai, on rjcrefirjcrav, efie

Be crcp^ea8ais on ovBev r)/JLapr7)fca, rj Beivov y av etnr), ei ejjbOL opyi^oiade em rots erepcov apbaprnqjiacrij icai rrjv ecs e/jue BiaftoXrjv ecBores on virb rcov eyQpcov rcov e/jucov Xeyerat, /cpelrrco rrjs dXrjOetas rjy^orecrOe. BrjXov on "yap rocs fJbev rj/jbaprrjKocro ra roiavra dfiaprrfixara ovtc ecrriv airoXoyia cos ovtc eiroirjaav t] yap fiacravos Becvrj rrapa rols eiBocriv* efjuol Be 6 eXey^os r}Sio-ros> ev ols vfjbcov ovBev fjue Bel Beojievov ovBe rrapairovfjuevov crcoOrjvaL em rfj rocavrrj acria, aXX9 eXey^ovra rovs rcov fcarT]- yopcov Xoyovs tcai v/xas avajMfJLvnqcricovra ra yeyevrjfjueva,

§ 29. KOL yap ol Xoyot, K.T.A.] Locum diutius vexatum sea sub- tilitate emendavit Bl. addito ot ut liodie nihil non Andocidem puruni putum sapiat. § 30. €K€ivcov (ravra) Karr]yo'p(b.'} Bl. putide. rjyrjcreo-de. fjyrjO-aio-Oe Lips., quod falsum esse videtur. drjXov on yap scripsi cum Kuehn. Lips. Malim tamen drjXov yap on. drjXovon, Bl. quod Atticis non licet. 52 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

OL TLves bpfcovs fjberyakovs ofiocravre^ olcrere TT)P tyrjcpop irepl e/iov, Kai apaaafjievoi ra? /jLeyicrTas apa$ V/MP re avroLS teat TTCLLGL TOL$ v/jueTepoi? avTcop, f) fjLTjp rfr7](f)i6lo-0ai irepi e/jbov ra hiKata, 7rpo<$ he TOVTOIS /xefivrjaOe Kai iopafcare TOIP 0eolv ra lepd, Ipa Ti/jbcoprjar/Te fiep TOV$ acTefSovvTas,

§31. iopdnare pro ecopa/care restituit Lips. § 32. rS)v iJLrjdev rjdiK-qKOTCDv Lips, pro rovs \L, TJ^LKT)KOTOS. Cf. Not. ad § 3. efjL-qvvcra.] Fortasse fjLejjLrjvvKa cum Bait. Lips. ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS. 53

eTrecSr) TevK,po$ rfkOe MeyapoOep, aBeiap evpofiepos /jLTjvvei irept re TCOP /jbV(TT7)pLcop a yBet /cat etc TCOP irepL- ico^avTOdv TCL avaOrj/jbara aTroypcMpet Bvoip BeoPTas GLKOGLV avBpas. eiretBr] Be OVTOL air eypacj>7] crap, 01 fiev CLVTCOP (fievyovTe? ooyopTO, 01 Be

ONOMATA. Ted/epos enrt row (Ep/u>ac<; ejub7]vvcrep EvKTnqpbopa, r\avKL7rTrop, Evpy/xa^op, HdXvevKTOP, TlXdrcopa, ApTtBcopop, X.dpiTnrop, OeoBcopop, A\-

faaOepT], Mepearparop, Epv%ip,a%op, EV^>CXTJTOP9 EvpvBajjLCLPTa, QepeicXea, MeXqrop, Tt/jtapOi], 'Ap%t- Bajubop, TeXepttcop.

ToVTCOP TOLVVP TCOP CLpBpWP ol fJL€P 7]fC0V(Tl KCLL eiGlP evOaBe, TCOP Be CITTOOCLPOPTCDP etcrt iroKkot irpoGy)tcoPTe eptS "Xoyoo apa{3as fj,e eXey^aTco r\ cos ecfivye Tt$ Bt efjte TOVTCOP TCOP apBpcov rj 00$ aireOavep. 'EiretBrj Be TCLVTCL eyeveTo, UetcrapBpos Kat XaptKXrjs, opTes fiep TCOP %T)T7]TCOP, BofcovpTes S' ep etceiv(p TG> yjpoptp evpovcrTaToi elpai rat Brj/ico, eXeyop co? ecr] TCL epya TCL yeyep7]fiepa OVK oXtycop apBpcop aXX' eirt TTJ TOV BTJ/LLOV /caTaXvaei, Kat %prjpat eirifyreiv Kat [JLTJ iravaacrOai. Kat rj TTO?U? OVTCO? BietceiTO, COGT eTretBrj TT)P fiovXrjp €19 TO /3ov\evT7)piop 6 fcrjpvt; dpetirot lipai

§ 34. rjXBe M., abeiav ev. /JL. BL, rjXde M. abtiav ev., p. Lips. Jebb. Vid. Not. ad § 15. a rjdet KCU Lips. corr. (KCU) a rjdei €K . . . KCU ctTroypcicpei BL a jJ8« KCU TOOV 7T. . . . KCU a.7roypd

teal TO crrj/jLelov Ka6e\oi} TCO avT<£ crrj/jLetcp rj /lev (3ov\rj ets TO fiovkevrnqpiov r)€t,> oi B' etc T175 ayopa? ecfrevyov, 37 BeBiOTe? 66? hfcao-ros fjur) crvWr)cf>0ei7}. eirapBets ovv TO £9 T?5? 7ro\eeo$ fcct/coi? eicrayyeXkei AiOKkeiB^ eis

TTJV /3ov\7]vt (jxMT/ccov eiBevai TOVS irepiKo^avTa^ TOV$ ^Epfias, Kcui elvai avTovs a? rpiaKooriov^' a>? B* cBoi Kai irepiTvyoi TCO TTpay/aari> e\eye. tcai TOVTOIS, CO avBpes, Beofiai V/JLCOV irpoae^ovra^ TOV VOVV ava/JLi/jLvrjcrKecrOai, eav aXrjdrj Xeyco, Kai BiBacrKew aXkrfkovs' ev vpulv yap i)o~av ol Xo'yoi, Kai p>oi vfjuels TOVTCOV fiapTVpes eare. 38 e rj 6 crTpaTTjyds eaTiv 0 'xak/cov?. opav Be av6pwrrov

fjiT] /3ov\oiToy Xeyeiv oTi OVK rjv. iBcov Be TavT e

§ 38. fiera^v TOV.] p^Ta^v TOV Lips. § 39. TOVO' V7T€0eTo,—deivoTctTov irpaypa. Addidi , : Vid. Not. Kai 7rp(DT0V p,ev o) avbpes, TOVO' vnedeTo, deivoTaTov irpaypa olpat A. TOVO' VTredero 6\ irpaypa, otpat, Bl. Lips. Jebb. ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS. 55

Aavpiov Levai, Kai TTJ vcrTepaia a/covetv OTL OL Epfxal

elev 7T€piK€/CO/ji/jL€POL* ypCOPaL OVP 6v6v$ OTL TOVTCOP 6L7J TCOP apBpcop TO epyop. TJKCOP Be ei$ CLCTTV ^t]TrjTa^ T6 40 r]Br) rjp7]/jbevov<; KOLTcCkayb^avew Kai p/r\pvTpa KeKTjpvy- jjueva efcciTOp /JLVCLS. LBCOP Be Evcprjfiop TOP KaXKcov TOV TrjXefckeov? dBeXcpop ep TCO %a\fcei(p KaQrjfjLepop, apa- yaycop CLVTOP e^9 TO HcpaLcrTeiop XeyeLp airep VJJLLP eyco eiprjica, cos LBOL r\\Jba<$ ep eiceipr) TT) PVKTL' OVKOVP BeoiTo Trap a TTJ? iroXecos ^pTj/xara Xafteip fiaXKop r) irap rjjjbcopy cocr6' ^a? eyeip

Kai TOVTCp fl6P TCO TpOTTCp TOV 7TaT€pa {JLOV a7TC0XXves aypecSoTa airocpalvcop. eiirelp Be Tjfias OTL BeBoyfiepop Tj/jLLV eir\ Bvo fiep TaXaPTa apyvpiov BiBopai OL OVTL TCOP eKaTOp fjbpcop TCOP eK TOV BTJ/JLOCTLOV, eap Be KaTaa^co/juep r)fjb€L<; a ftovXo/JieOa, epa avTop rj/jucov elpai, TTLCTTLP Be TOVTCOP BovpaL T€ Kai Be%acr8aL. airoKplvacrdaL Be 42 avTO<$ irpos TavTa OTL fiovXevcroiTO* rjfjbas Be KeXeveip avTop rjK€Lp et? KaXXiov TOV TrfkeKkeovs, LPa KaKelvos irapeir). TOP S' av K7]BeaT7]p JJLOV OVTCOS aircoXXvev. rjKeLP ecprj as KaXXiov, Kai KaBojuboXoyrjcra^ rj/Mp TTLCTTLP

§ 40. %v r<6 xaX^eta) Bl. Lips, iv T<5 X- (" in officina sua n) Jebb. vvv 7]Ket^.] (Twr]K€iv Lips. 56 ANDtfCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

hovvai ep atcpoiroXei, KCLI r}p,a<$ avvOepbevovs OL TO apyv- piov eis TOP eTTiovTa fjbrjva Scoaeip hia^revSeaOau icai ov BcSovat' rj/cetp ovv /JLTJVVGCOV ra yepop^epa. 43 H fiev eicrayyeXta CLVTOV, to apSpes, ToiavTO)* airo- ypacj)€i Se ra ovo/nara TCOP avSpcop wv ecj)rj ypcopac, Svo

KCbl r€TTapdfcopra} 7rpo)Tov<; pbep MaPTtOeop /cat 'Atye-

(j)icopa} fiovXevra? OPTCLS KCLI fcadrj/jLepov? epSop, elra Se teat TOU9 aXXov$. apaara^ Se TJeiaaphpo^ efyrj ^prjpat Xvetp TO e7T6 ^fcafiavBpiov '^r7}(f)LO'pLa icai apa/3i/3d^eip eirl TOP Tpo^ov TOf? diroypcKpePTas, 07rft)9 px) irpoTepop pvj; ecTTac irpip irvOeaOai TOVS apSpas airapTas. ape- 44 /cpayep rj fiovXrj co? ev Xeyei, afcovaaPTes: Se TavTa MapTiOeo? Kai ''Ayjrecfriojp eiri TT)P ecrTiap e/cade&PTO, ifceTevoPTes ///?; arTpefiXcodrjpac aXX et; eyy vrjOePTe? icpi-

Brjpai, fJboXis Se TOVTCOP TV%OPT€$} errecS?) TOV$ eyy vr]Taep ep ao~Tet OIKOVPTCIS tepai et$ TT)P ayopap TCL birXa XaftopTas, TOU9 S' ep paicpcp Teiyei et9 TO @7]crecop, TOU9 S' ep Uetpaiel et9 TTJP iTnrohapbeiap ayopapj TOVS Se iTnreas en, (irpo) PVKTOS arjfirjpai TT) aaXnTiyyi rjfcecp et9 TO 'Aparceiop, TTJP Se fiovXijp ec?

§ 43. avrov Lips. avrS Jebb, Bl. avrwv codd. § 45. i^e\8ov(ra iv aTropprjrcp, o\ Addidi, cum A. Imreas corr. Jebb.] iirnels. Meisterbans p. 110. ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS. 57

aicpoirdXtP lepai tcaicel icaOevSeip, TOV$ Be irpVTapeis ep TT) OoXco. BOLCOTOL Se ir€7TV(jjuLepoL ra Trpdy/jLara eiri TO2$ opioi? r}

r}/no<;' KaXXiov TOV TifjXeickeovs aSeX<£o9. 58 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

$pvvtyo<; 6 opXTjard/JLevos' ave^to?. EvKparris 6 NLKLOV dBe\ Be yvvr) Kat TralBes, t)v Be /3orj Kai OIKTOS KXaovTcov Kai oBvpoptevcov TO. irapovTa /cared, XeyeL irpos fie XappLtBrjs, cov ptev aveyjrtos, r)XtKt(OT7)$ Be Kai crvveKT packet? ev TTJ OLKLCL TTJ rjpteTepa eK iraiBo?, on " 'AvBoKtBrj, TOOV puev irapovTcov KaKcov 6pa<$ TO pteyeOos, 67ft) B' ev ptev T& irapeXOovTt %povq> ovBev eBeoptrjv Xeyetv ovBe ae Xvirelv, vvv Be avayKa^optat Bta TT)V irapovaav r)puv crvptcfropdv. oh yap e%p5) Kat oh o~vvrjo-0a ctvev rjptwv TOOV avyyevcov, ovroi errl Tats avriais Bt a? rjpteh airoXXvpieOa ol puev avTcov TeOvacrtv, oi Be otyovTai (f>evyovT€$, crcjicov avTcov KaTayvovre? aBtKetv. (cj)epe Brj TOLVVV) ei rjKOVo-ds TL TOVTOV TOV irpdyjiaTo^ TOV yevoptevov, etire, Kat TrpcoTov ptev aeav- TOV aoocrov, elra Be TOV iraTepa, bv etKos eaTt ere /jtaXtcrTa (frtXetv, elra Be TOV KrjBeaTTjv, b? e^et GOV TTJV aBeX$r)v rprep VOL ptovrj CGTLV, eiretTa Be TOV% aXXovs avyyevets /cat avayKatovs TOGOVTOVS bvTas, QTL Be epte, 05 ev anravTL ray /3t(p rjvlacra ptev ae ovBev irwiTOTe,

§ 50. (fiepe drj TOLVVV in lacuna xn. litterarum Stippl. Edd., cf. §§ 21, 90, 117, 128. ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS. 59

irpoOvfJLOTaTos Be et9 ere /cal ra aa nrpaypbara eifii, b ri av Berj Troielv." Xeyovros Be, w avBpe^, XapfMiBov ravra, 51 avrifloXovvrcov Be rcov aXKwv Kai Lfcerevovro? evos i/cacTTOV, eve6v(X7]6r}v nrpo^ e/xavrov*

TOVTGOV TCOV dvBpCOV OV9 e/JL7]VVO"e AlOKkeiBT]?) avepos (0) o\edpo

51. airoKkvixivovs MSS. Bl. Jebb. dnokofxevovs Lips. 60 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

54 drroOavovras ahiKcos irepuhelv. ei ovv rivi vfjutov, CO avSpeg, (rj) rcov aXkcov 7ro\ircov yvcofm] rocavrrj rrapet- (TTTjfcei, irporepov nvepl epbov, co$ apa eyco e/jLTjpvara Kara rcov eraipcov rcov e/jcavrov, bircos eicelvoi jjuev arroXoivro, eyco Se crcoOeaqv — a eXoyoiroiow ol eyOpoi rreph e/jbov, /3ov\djbLevoi Sia/3a\\eiv /ae — crKoirelaOe eg avrcov rcov 55 yeyevrjfjbevcov. vvv yap e/xe \xev Xoyov (Set) SiSovac rcov e/jbol irerrpaypbevcov per a rrj? a\r)0eia$, avrcov irapovrcov otrrep r\\xaprov scat ecjyvyov ravra Troirjcravres, Icracri Se apiara eire tyevSofjLat ecre a\7]6r) \eyco, egeari Se avrocs eXey^eiv fie ev rco e/Jbco \oyco' eyco yap ecj>tr)fxi' vfjuas 56 Se Sec \xaQelv ra yevo/jceva. e/uLot yap, co av$pe$, rovSe rod aycovos rovr eari fjbeyicrrov, acoBevn fir) Sofcelv Kaicco elvau, elra Se teal rovs a\\ov$ airavras [xadeiv on ovre fjbera /carcias ovre per avavhptas ovBejjaa^ rcov yeyevrjfievcov nrenrpafcrai vir epov ovSev, aXka Sea (rvfjL(jx)pav yeyevrjfjLevrjv paXiara fjuev rfj nroXei, elra Se icai 7]fJb2v, elirov Se a rjfeovcra EVCJ)L\7]TOV rrpovoia fiev rcov crvyyevcov teat rcov (frtXcov, irpovoia Se rrjs iroXeco^ dirdarj^, per aperrj? aXX! ov per a tca/cias, GO? eyco vopit^co. ei ovv OVTCOS eyei ravra, aco^ecrOai re ageco 57 ^al Sofcecv vplv etvai pi] tcatco?. av8pe$y avOpcoirivco^ irepi rcov nrpaypdrcov e/cKoyi^ecrOac, cocrrrep av avrov bvra ev rrj ervpepopa — ri av vpcov etcacrros eTrotrjcrev; et [Jbev yap rjv hvolv rb erepov eXecrOai, 7] Ka\cb

§ 56. crooflevTi fir] ftoKelv. Post ehat (dXka irpcoTov fiev vfias) inser. Bl., quod diversa ratione del. Jebb. Lips. Pro crcodevri JU?), TTpcorov fiev vfitu fxf} Lips. ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS. 61

CLV Tl$ 6C7T6CV fCCLKMW clvctl TCL yeVOfJieva' KCUTOL 7TOXXol av teal TOVTO ecXovTO, TO tfjv irepl irXeiovos nrot^aafjievoi TOV icaXcos airoOavelv' OTTOV he TOVTCOV TO evavTiwTaTov 58 rjv, (TiwirnqaavTi fiev avTco re aicr^iaTa airoXeaBat jubrjhev acre firmer avTi, €TL he TOP iraTepa irepuhelv airoXo- fxevov Kal TOV K7jhecrT?]v icai T01/9 crvyyevets icai avefyiovs TOCTOVTOVSJ ol>9 oihecs dircoXXvev rj eyco /JLTJ ecTrcov &>9 eTepoL r)jaapTov* (AtofcXeihrjs [xev yap tyevcra/jLevos ehrj- crev CLVTOVS, acoTTjpia he avTcov aXXrj ovhefjuia yv 7) TrvOeaOai 'A6r\vaiov$ iravTa TCL irpayBevTa" cpoveijs ovv avTcov eyiyvofirjv eyco /xr) earcov vfjbiv a rjttovcra. eTL he Tpiatcoaiovs 'A6r)vaicov aircoXXvov, fcal r) TTOXL? ev KCCKOLS TOIS fjLeyiaTOLS eyiyveTO. Tavja fiev ovv r\v 59 e\xov firj ei7T0VT0$' eiircov he TO, OVTCL CLVTOS Te ecrcp^o/jiTjv fcac TOV iraTepa ecrco^ov tcao TOVS aXXovs avyyevels, icai TT]V nroXiv etc cpo/3ov icai /ca/ccov TCOV pbeyicrTcov airrjX- XCITTOV*

§ 58. TOP K7]he(TTr}v KOL TOVS cr. Fortasse rovs (aKXnvs) or. KCU dvayKaiovs ut § 50 legendum, quod monet in not. crit. Bl. § 60. KOL TifjLCDprjo-ao-Oai. Ante haec, Bl. inser. (KO! cr^aral re rjfias.) Fvirca expulerunt Jebb. Lips., quibus assentior. 62 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

evepyerqs eBotceb elvat /cal ^prj^ara eXa/jb/3ave. Sea 61 ravra elirov rrj (3ovXfj orb eiBebrjv rovs Trob^aavras, teat, etjr)\ey%a ra yevo/xeva, on ebcrTjyrjo-aro p,ev TTLVOVTCOV rjfjbcov ravrrjv rrjv flovXrjv EvcjibXyros, avrelirov he eyco, Kao rore jaev ov yevobro St ejube, vcrrepov S eyco fxev ev Kvvoaapyeb eiri rrcoXbov b [JLOL TJV avaftas erreaov Kao rrjv tcXelv avverpb/3rjv tcab rrjv tcefyaXnqv /caredyrjv, fapo- 62 fjbevos re em /cXiviqs arre/co/jbbcrOTjv otfcaSe' abaOofievos SJ EvcfrbXrjros 0)9 e^oi/jbtj Xeyeb irpos avrovs on ir err ebafiat ravra avixiroielv /cat co/jboXoyrj/ca avrco fxeOe^ebv rod epyov fcal irepb/co^rebv rov Ep/jbrjv rov rrapa ro $op- fiavrelov. ravra S eXeyev efjairareov e/cetvovs' /cal hia ravra 6 Epfjbrjs ov opare Travres, 6 rrapa rrjv rrarpcoav ouciav rr\v rjfjberepav, ov r) Abyrjs aveOrj/cev, ov nrepie/corTT] fiovos roov EpfAcov rSov A6if]vr\criVy cos e/juov rovro 63 rroinqaovros, cos etyq irpos avrovs Evcj^bXrjros* oi 8 aicrOofievob Seiva eirobovv, ore eiSeiTjv fiev ro rrpayjjba, TrerrobTj/ccos Be ov/c eXrp). rrpoaeXOovres he JJLOL ri} varepaia MeXrjros /cal EvcftbXrjros eXeyov on " 7676- vr]rai, o) 'AVSOKLBT], /cal rreirpa/crai TJ/JLLV ravra. crv jievroi ev fxev a^bols rjav^tav e^eiv /cab crbcoirav, k^ets rj/nas errbrrjhebovs wairep /cal irporepov* et he yd], %aXe- irwrepoc aoi rj/nels e%0poc ecropueOa rj ctXXob rives Sb 64 rjfias c{>iXob" elirov airols on vopa^oifxi fiev Sta ro irpay/Jba Ev^bXrjrov rrovrjpov elvab, etcebvobs Be ov/c e/xe Sebvov elvab, on olha, aXXa jjbaXXov avro ro epyov iroXXce, orb rreirob^rab. cos ovv rjv ravr aXr]9rj, rov re iralBa rov ejubov rrapeSco/ca fiaaraviaab, on e/ca/xvov feat

ovB dvbara/jbrjv etc rrjs /cXbV7]s} /cab ras 8epairabvas ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS. 63

eXaftov ol 7rpvTdvec7]evyopTa$ fcaTeBe^acrOe, CLVTCI Be XaftopTes TCL orrXa airrjTe, iroXXcop KCbicSyp /cat KLPBVPCOP aTraXXayepTes. ep o£

% 66. rovs ifxovs a> Jebb. 64 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

aireypatya rerrapa^ avBpas, YlavaiTiov AtdfcpiTov 68 Avcrlarparov XabpeBrjpbov' OVTOL pbev e(f>vyov BL epue, opboXoyoo* eaco07j Be ye 6 7rar7]p, o /crjBeaTT]*;, ave^ioi rpels, TCOV aXXcov avyyevcov eirra, pueXXovTes airoOav- eccrOac aBifcco^ db vvv opcocri rod T]XLOV TO <£O>9 Bb epue, fcal avTol opboXoyovabv 6 Be TTJV irdXbv oXrjv avvTapa^as KCLI et9 TOU9 ear^aTOVs KbvBvvovs /caTacrT7]cra$ e%7]Xey%6r], u/xet? Be airrjXXayrjTe pbeyaXcov

MAPTTPEZ

70 Hepc jji€v ovv TCOV Tore yevopbevcov a/crjfcoaTe nravTCb Kai airoXeXoyr)Tai pbob iKavcos, 0)9 y epbavTov Treidco* eo Be TL$ TV v/jicov* IT06el rj vopuL^eL TL pur} iKavSo^ eiprjaOai 7] TrapaXeXoiira TL, avaaTas v7ropbvr]o-aTco, /cal airoXoyT)- aopuab feat irpo^ TOVTO. irepL Be TCOV vopucov rjBrj vpba<$ 71 BbBa^oo. K7](j>i(Tbo^ yap ovTOcrb eveBei^e pbev pue icaTa TOV vopuov TOV icetpbevov, TT]V Be KaTTjyoptav iroLelraL KaTa TJrrjcjyLo-pLa irpoTepov yevopbevov, b elirev 'laoTLpLbBrj?, ov epbol upoarpceb ovBev. 6 pbev yap elirev ebpyeaOab TCOV

§ 68. iirrd.] Non scripsi irevrs cum Lips., aliquid mendosi apud § 47, obstare ratus. ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS. 65

tepcop TOV$ ao-efiijo-avTas /cat o/LboXoyrjcrapTas, efiot Be TOVTCOP ovBeTepa ireTrot^Tar ovre rjo-e/3r)Tat ovre CO/AO- XoyrjTat. 0)9 Be /cat TOVTO TO ^Irrjcptafia XeXvTat /cal 72 a/cvpop €(TTCV, eyco vjjL(i$ BtBa^co. tcatTotye rotavTTjv airoXoytap irept CLVTOV Trotrjcro/Jbai, OTTOV /JL7] iretOcop fxev V[jLa<$ avros %7]fjLLa)o-ofiai, Treccras Be virep TCOV e%9pcop airoXeXoy^jxepo^ eaofjtat. aXXa yap TaXrjdrj eiprjaeTai. eiret yap at vr\e TTJP B} overlap elyop /cat e/ce/CTTjPTO* OVTOL S' av rjaap oirocrot /cXoirrjS rj Bo)pcop o^Xotep' TOVTOVS eBet teal avTovs /cat TOV$ e/c TOVTCOP aTt/jtovs

§ 73. " efcreto-ts scripsi " Bl. Verbum rtVco lias formas babet: rtVo), T€L(T(o, ereicra, rereiKa, reTeKTfjLaif ireio-Orjv, id quod monet idem Blass (Isocr. n., praef. p. in). JSTomen tamen rtp-is babes. Vid. Sopb. 0. G. 229, versum epicum. Hie in CUTLCTIS relapsus est Hick. (Meisterbans p. 144), cf. Rutb. Nov. Phryn. p. 143. § 74. hv ra \ikv (roufxara Bl. MSS. fav fxiv ra crcofiara Lips., quod noil necessarium. E 66 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

etvar KCbi oirdaoo Xnroiev TTJV ra^tv r) aaTpareias rj BetXtas r] avav/jba^cov oc^Xoiev 7] TT)V aairiSa airofiaXoiev, 7] Tpi<$ tyevhofjuapTvpiCov 7] Tpls tyevBotcXrjTeLas ofyXoiev, r) TOV? yoveas /cafccos iroiolev OVTOI irdvTes arcjULOL r)aav 15 ra acofjuara, ra Be %pr}juLaTa eXypv. aXXot, av Kara TTpoara^eis, drives OV TravTairauiv arijuioi fjaav, aXXa fjuepos n avrcov, olov ov o-rparccoTai, oi$, OTL eirefxeivav em TCOV Tvpdvvcov ev ri) iroXei, ra fjvev aXXa rjv airep rot? aXXois TroXtrais, surely B ev TS Br^a) OVK e%r)v auro69 ovBe fiovXevaav. TOVTCOV rjaav omov arcjuboc* 76 avrr) yap v}V TOVTOL? irpoarTa^. erepois ovtc rjv ypdty- acrdaij TOI$ Be evBeltjar TOC$ Be fjufj avairXevaav ei<$

EXX7]0r7T0VT0P} aXXot? S' 6t? 'IcDVtaV, TOt? S' 66? T7]V dyopav /JUT] evavevai itpdcrra^ rjv. ravr ovv etyrjcfyL- cracrOe e^aXeltyav iravra ra ^^(pLorfiara, tcav avra icai ei TTOV TI avTiypafyov i)v, teal iriariv dXXnqXois irepi ofJLovouas Bovvai ev atcpoTroXei. Kal fjuov avdyvooBi TO ylrr}^>co-/jLa TO UaTpo/cXeiBov, tca6 b TavTa eyeveTO.

11 WH&I2MA. IlaTpofcXeLBw elirev. EnreiBr) e^r^taavTO 'A&Tjvacot TTJV aBecav irepi (TCOV aTipbcov teal) TCOV o(f>ev- XOVTCOV, a)<7Te Xeyevv e^elvav /cat eTriylrrjcpv^evv, tyrjtyi- craadav TOV Brjfjbov TavTa direp OTe f)v TCL Mr)Bctca, tcav crvvrjveyfcev 'Adrjvavovs eirt TO afxeivov. irepv Be TCOV eyyeypafJLfJbevcDV et? TOV<; irpatCTopas rj TOVrj fie^pt Tr)$ e^eXdovarj? (3ovXr)$ ecj> r)$ KaXXia?

§ 77. eyyeypafAfxevcov corr. Lips.] iTriyeypapfxevcov. eveypAcjjr) corr. Lips.] egeypdepr]. ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS. 67

VPX€V> 00"06 arc/jioi rjcrav ocfiecXovTeSy icai bcrcov evdvvat 78 TLV€<$ €i(TL KaT€

pbvr\aiKatcr\aai pb^BenroTe* et Be puqy evoypv elvai TOV irapafiatvovTa TavTa ev TOI<$ avTol<$ ev olanrep OL e% Apeiov irayov cf>evyovTe$, OTTCOS av to? nricrToTaTa eyrj 'AOrjvatoLS teal vvv teal et? TOV XOCTTOV %povov.

§ 78. 6

Kara jjuev TO yfrrjcfiicriLLa TOVTL TOV9 CLTI[JLOV5 eiriTiiiov<$ 67roir}craT6' TOVS Be (jievyovTas ovTe TLaTpoKXeiBr)? elire v{A6i$ eylrr) (pier aa0e. eirei Be cnrovBal TTJOO? AaicehaLfAOVLovs eyevovTo, icai TCL Tei^r] KaOeiXeTe, icai> TOVS cfievyovTm KaTeBe^aaOe, icai KaTeaTTjaav ot Tpia-

KOVTCL, Kal fJL6TCL TCLVTCL $v\7] T6 KClTeXr}(fi07) MoVVL^taV T6 /caT€\a/3ov, ejeveTo (0) VJULLV cbv e

TCOV Te SoXcovo? icai TCOV ApcucoVTO? TTOXXOVS OVTCLS ot9

TToXXoo TCOV TTOXLTCOV evoyoi rjcrav TCOV irpoTepov evefca yevojuevcov. etacKnqcriav 7roir)cravTe$ efiovXeucraaOe nrepl CLVTCOV, tcai e-yjrTjcfrtcracrOe, BoKL/jbdcravTas iravTa^ TOV

§ 80. $v\r) re K. M. re K. del. Lips. Mox. & inser. Reisk. Protasis § 81, repetitur more An doc. Bl. secutus sum. § 82. rivptdKov.] evpi(jKovT€s Lips. yevofjievodv. eKKkrjo:] yevofievcov, K.T.K. Lips'. Nescio an locus sanus sit. Andoc. "levitatis concinnitatisque minime studiosus fuit." Bl. ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS. 69

WH&I2MA. vEBo%e TG3 Brj^p, Teicrapuepos elnre, TTOXL- 83 TeveaOai 'AOrjpaiovs Kara ra ircvrpia, pojaotq Be %pr)a6ai Toh ^okoovos, fcai (jberpois KCLL j3ov\ofjbev(p, /cat TrapaBiBop- TCOP TOL$ apycLis ev TcpBe r

'EBo/a/JbacrOrjcrap pbep ovp oi pofiot, S) apBpes, /caTct TO 85 yjrrjcfuafia TOVTL, TOW; Be /cvpoodepTa? apeypayjrap e<9 TTJP CTTOCLP. eTrecBr) B' dveypcMprjcrap, edepLe6a PO/JLOP, cp 7rapT€$ yjpr\crde. KCLL juoi apdypcoOi TOP PO/JLOP.

NOMOS. 'Aypacfxp Be popucp TCI%#9 p^V ^prjcrOat pbrjBe Trepl eVo9.

' Apd ye ecriv ePTdvOol b TL irepteXeLTreTo Trepl OTOV 86 olop T6 7) cipyrip eio-ayecp rj V/UCOP irpa^ai TLPL, aXk' r)

§ 83. otde. Sub hoc v. nescio quid mendosi latet. ol fjbr) Lips. irpos TOVS eVr.] nrpoo-Qe TOW iiroavvJJLCOV Lips. ..§ 86. TLVL] rivd Lips. 70 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

Kara 7*01)9 apayeypafijiepovs pofiov? ; birov ovv aypatjxp vofKp ovtc 6%€GTL xpTjcraaOai, f) TTOV aypacfxp ye (xP7)" aacrdat) ^^LafJiaTi TraprairacriP ov Bei [ye yjpi)Gaadai\. 67T€cBr] TOLPVP €COpC0fl€V OTi TToXXoi? TCOP TToXtTCOP et€V (TV/bbcfropai, rol? fiep Kara VOJAQVS, TOZ$ Be Kara tyrjcjiLo-- fjuara ra irporepop yepofiepa,* TOVTOVCTI TOV<$ VO/JLOVS ede/jbeOa, avrcop evefca TCOP VVVI iroiovjuLevcov, tva TOVTCOV firjBep yiyprjrat firjBe e^rj avicofyavTeiv /jbrjBepc. Kai fioi apaypcoOo TOVS VO/JLOV$.

°' NOMOI, 'Aypd$(p Be VO/JLG) raT€pOP elpCU. fJblf]Be 67T ClpBpl VO/JLOV etjecpai Oeivai) eav firj TOP CLVTOP eirl iracnp 'AOrjpalois, eccp fit] e^aKLcr^iXioc^ Bo^rj /cpvfiBrjp ^rj^t^ofiePoL^.

Ti OVP rjp eiriXonrop; ovrocrl 6 PO/JLO

NOMOS. Ta9 Be BIKCL? zeal ra9 Bialra? tcvpta^ ehai, onroarai ep BrffiOKparov/iepr) 77/ iroXet eyepopro. T0Z9 Be pofiots %pr}a6cu air Ev/cXecBov ap'xpvro^,

88 Ta9 jiep Bi,fca<$> &> apBpes, /cat ras Biatra^ eiroinqaaTe /cvpias elpaiy oiroaai ep BrjfioKparovfieprj rr} nroXei

§ 86. aypdcpco ye {xpfjcraoSai) ^.] xP' transtuli, y'€ xpWao~@ai in margine a librario quodam post verba dypd

T09. OTTOT OVP eBo^ep VJJLLV SoKifiacraL fiev TOL>? PO/JLOV<;, 89 Bo/afiao-avTas Be apaypdyfrao, dypdcpco Be pofxco TCL? apyas fir) yprjcrdac firjBe irepl epos, tytfcj)tafia Be (/jbrjBep) fjL7]T€ flovXrj? /JL7]T€ Br]flOV (pSflOV) KVpt(OT6pOV elvdl, fMrjB' 67r avhpi vofjuov (e^elvac) Tidepai edv fir) TOP CLVTOP em nraGip 'AOrjpaiois, TOLS Be POJJLOI? rot? Keifiepoi? %prjo~0aL air Ev/cXeiBov apyopTO?, epTavOol eanp o TL viroXet- 7T€Tai r) fiel^op rj eXaTTOp TCOP yepofiepcop irporepop ylrrjcfyccrfiaTcop, irpip Ev/cXeiByp apfjai, oircos icvptop karac; ov/c o\\xai eycoye, (a>) apBpe$. crKOTrecTe Be tcai avToi. epe BT] TOLPVP, ol bpKoi vfiop 7r&>9 eypvaiv ; 6 /juep 90 KOLPO? rrj iroXet diraarj, OP ofjicofioicaTe irapre? juuera ras

BcaXXayas, " /cat ov fjLprjcriKaK7}o-co TCOP TTOXLTCOP ovBept

TTXTJV TCOP Tpid/copTa. KOX TCOP hpBeica (icai TCOP Betca)' oiBe TOVTCOP 09 CLP eOeXrj evOvpas BiBopai T179 apxvs V? rjp%€P." OTTOV TOLPVP CLVTol? T0£9 TpidfCOPTCC C0JJLPVT6 /JLT) jjLp7]crucafC7]creip, TOI$ pbeyicrTcop KCLKCOP CLITLOLS, et BiBolep eiOvpas, 77 irov ayoXrj TCOP ye aXXcop TTOXLTCOP TIPI rfeiovTe fJbrjpcriKaicelp. rj Be J3OVXTJ av rj aei, (3ovXevovaa 91

§ 90. (KCU rwv Deica) "post evbeKci cum Vales, et Schneider, add. Turr." Blass. qui om. cum codd. Mihi necessarium videtur. KCU rcdv iv Htipaia, hem Lips., quod nescio an melius sit. Yid. Not. 72 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

TL O/JLVVCTL ; " /cat ov Se^o/jiai evhei^iv ovSe aTraycoyrjv eveica TCOV nrpoTepov yeyevrjfievoov, TrXrjv TCOV cfrvyovTcov." Vfiels S av, o) 'AdTjvaioL, TL o/jiocravTes Suca^ere ; " tcai ov /jLTjvo-L/ca/crjo-G), oiBe aXkcp ireio-ofjiai, ^rjcpLOV/jtaL Se Kara TOVS /cei/ubevov? vofiovs" a ^pr) aicoTrelv, et Sotcco op0co$ vfjbiv Xeyebv GO? virep V/JLCOV \eyco /cat TCOV voficov.

92 ^Ke^aa6e TOIVVV, cb avSpes, Kai TOV$ VOJJLOV? KCLI TOV<$ tcaTTjyopovs, TL avroh virapypv irepcov tcaTqyopovcrL. Kr) lcvPLav Givat TTjv /3OV\T]V, 05 av irpia- fjbevos reXo? /J/rj KaTa/3a\7), Se7v €£? TO %V\OV. OVTOS TOLVVV, OTL TOLS vofJboi? e^rj^LcraaOe air Ev/cXeiSov ap^ovTOS xprjaOai, a^iol a eyeL V/JLCOV eicke%a<$ fxr) anrohovvai, teal vvv yeyevrjTai avTi fiev tfrvyaSos 7ro-

XLTTJS, CLVTL Se aTL/jbov crvK0(pavT7)

erri TCOV TpiaicovTa AeovTa, co? vfiet? airavTes taT6y Kai aire8avev eKelvos a/cpiTos' icaiToi OVTOS 6 vofio? fcai irpoTepov rjv (KCLI) eo? fca\co$ e^cov Kai vvv ecrfL, teat

^prjorOe avT(p3 TOV fiovkevcravTa ev TOO avTco eveyeaQai /cat TOV TT) %6t,pl epyacrafievov. MeXrjTOV TOIVVV TOL$ iraicn, Tot5 TOV AeovTos OVK €GTI cpovov Bccotceiv, OTL TOLS vojjbois Sec %prjo-6ai air EvxXeiSov ap^ovTos, eirel

§ 92. Kai rovs vofiovs. Pro his vv. Kara r. vofxovs post TL avrois Lips. ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS. 73

0)9 76 OVK aTrrjyayev, ovo* CIVTOS avTiXeyec. Eirt^apr]^ 95 S' OVTOCTij 6 7TCLVTCDV TTOVqpOTaTOS KCLl /3ov\6jU6VO$ elvdl TOIOVTOS, 6 fjbvrjo-ifcafccov CIVTOS avra>, — (bvros yap efiov- Xevev €7TC TCOV TpidicovTa* 6 he vopbos TI tceXevec, 09 ev TTJ O-TTJXT] efjbirpoaOev eaTi TOV fiovkevTrjpiov ; " 09 ctv ap^rj ev TTJ iroXei 7-779 hrjfjboicpaTias KaTakudeio-T)?, V7J7TOLV€L TeOvavai, KCCC TOV airoKTeivavTa oaiov elvat KCLI TCL %p7][iaTa e^eiv TOV cnroOavovTos" aWo TO ovv, to EiTL^ape^f r) vvv 6 airoKTeivas ae Ka0apo

NOMO$. ESo^e TTJ {3OV\T} KCLI TO3 hrjjjLO), ALCLVTIS eirpVTaveve, Kkeoyevqs eypa/uifiaTeve, BorjOos eirea- TCLT€I. TaSe Ar){io(f)avTO$ avveypayjrev. apX€l XP0V0^ Tovoe TOV ^7](j)Lo-fiaTO<; TJ /3ov\rj 01 irevTaKoaioi (pi) XaxpvTe? T(p icvafjKpy 0T6 Kkeoyevr)*; irpcoTo? eypapLfjiaT- evev. 'Edv TI$ Srj/jioKpaTiav KCLToXvy TT\V 'AOrjvijaiv, 7] apyj\v Tiva ctpxj) KaTaXeXv/jbevr]? 7-779 SrjfiofcpaTia?, iroXepbios €GTG) 'AOrjvaicov Kai vrjiroivei TeOvaTca, fcai TCL X9r\\xaTa CLVTOV hrjjjbocria ecrTco, icai 7-779 Oeov TO €7ri$eKciTov 6 Be airoKTeiva^ TOV TavTa iroir\o-avTa Kai 0 avpi^ovXevaa^ oarios ea-Tco KCLI evayrjs* ouocrai 97 & AOTJVCLIOV? airavTas icaff lepoov TeXeicov, KCLTCI cjyvkas Kai KCLTCI Srj/uovs, airoKTevelv TOV TCLVTCL iroir)- cravTa. 6 oe optcos ecrTco oSe* " KTevco teal Xoycp Kai epyw Kai ylrrjcfxp KCLI TTJ efxavTOV xeipi, av SvvaTOS co, 09 civ KaTaXvo-7] Tif]v h7]fjL0KpaTiav TTJV AOyvrjcriy Kai eav rt9 ap%7] Tiva apyr)V KaTaXeXv/jLevrj? 7-779 hrj/uo-

§ 97. d7T0KTev€lv Lips, ex corr. Droys. ci. BL] dTroKrelveiv. 74 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

/cparias TO \OITTOV, Kai eav TI$ (eiri TW) Tvpavveiv eTTavacrrrj 7] TOV Tvpavvov avyKaTao-Trjay, /cat, eav TL

A07]vaicovs Kai ra fcrr/fiara TOV airoQavovTo^ iravTa airoBofievo^; airoBwam TCL rjfiiaea TS airoKTeivavTi, Kai ov/c aTTOo-Teprjo-Q) ovhev. eav Be T£9 KTeivcav Tiva TOVTCOV airoOavr) rj eiriyeipwVi ev Troirjo-cD avTov re KOX TOV? f7ral8a<$ TOL>9 e/ceivov KaOairep ApfioBiov T€ Kai ApiGToyeiTova Kai TOU9 airoyovovs avT&v. OTTOCTOI Be bp/coi o/jbw/JLovTai ABrjvrjaiv rj ev T&> o-TpaToireSm rj aWodi TTOV evavTioi TGO BtjfjKp T& 'AOyvaiayv, Xvco Kai acf>ir}/jLi" TavTa he o/jboaavTcov 'AOrjvaloi iravTe? KaO lepcov TeXeicov, TOV VO/JLL[JLOV bpKov, irpo jdiovvaKov' Kai eirev^eaOai evopmvvTi fxev elvai iroWa Kai. ayaOa, eiriopKovvTi B' e^ooXrj avTov elvai Kai yevo$.

UoTepov, d) crvKOtfiavTa Kai eiriTpiTTTov KivaBo?, Kvpio? 6 vofJbos 68' eaTtv rj ov Kvpios ; Bia TOVTO 8' olfiai OVK a%io$ G)V 09 ev Bq/jLOKpaTiq jjuev crvKofyaincov e%7]s> ev oXiyap^ia Se, &)9 fit] avayKaaOeir}^ Ta %prjfjLaTa airo- Bovvai baa o~VKOavTcov e\a/3e'9, eBovXeves TOIS Tpia- KovTa. aXX! OJJLG)$ OVTOS eTepwv eToXfia KaT7]yopeiv, &> Kara TOU9 vofiov^ TOW; vfieTepov? ovB avTco vTrep avTov eo~Tiv airoXoyeia6ai. aXXa yap, co avBpes, KaOrjfievos rjviKa fjuov KaTrjyopei, fiXeTrcov eis avTov ovBev aXXo rj VTTO TCOV TpiaKOVTa crvveikij/jL/jbevos eBo^a KpiveaOai, ei

97. (eVt r(5) Lips., Dobr. secutus. ANDOCIDES DE MYSTEMIS. 75 yap Tore rjycovL^ofirjv, T69 av fiov /caTrjyopei; ovft OVTQS virrjp^ev, €L fXT] eBiBovv apyvpiov; teal yap vvv. avetc- puve S' av fxe T69 aXXos rj XapacXrjs, epcorcov, Enre fJLOi> o) 'AvBo/ciBrj, i)Xde$ 669 Ae/ceXeiav, /ecu eireTeiyio-as TT} TrarptSi TT) creavTov; Ov/c eycoye. Tl Be; €Te/ne

(av) oteaOe, o> avBpes, aXXcov TIVWV Tvyelv /xe Bi vfia$} 66 eXrjcfidrjv VIT avrcov; ov/c ovv Betvov, et VTTO fjtev TOVTCOV Sea TOVT av anrooXofiriv, 6T6 669 TTJV iroXiv ovBev rjixapTov, mcFirep /cat irepovs aTre/CTetvav, ev vplv Be KpivofJievo^y oi>9 ovBev /caKov ireirotTj/ca, ov acoOTjo-ofiat; iravrm Bi^irov* T) CT^OXT) ye T69 aXXos avOpodwcov. AXXa yap, co avBpes, rrjv fjtev evBet^tv e7roir]cravTo JJLOV 103 zcara VOJJLOV /ceifjuevov, rrjv Be /carTjyopiav Kara TO ^77- (f>Lo-/JLa TO irpoTepov yeyevrj/jtevov irept eTepcov. et ovv efiov /caTatyrjfyielaOe) opctTe [irj ov/c epbot fidXtcrTa TWV TTOXLT&V irpoanq/cet Xoyov Bovvat TCOV yeyevrj/uevcov, aXXa TTOXXOLS 6T6/0O69 [ACLXXOV, TOVTO fjuev 069 v/ueis evavTia fjba%eo-afjbevoL BtrfkXayr)Te /cat bp/covs cofioaaTe, TOVTO Be ou9 cfrevyovTas /caTTjyayeTe, TOVTO Be 0V9 ctTtfiov? ovTa? eiriTLjxov^ eTroLrjcraTe* tbv eve/ca Kac o~T7}ka<; aveiXeTe /cat vofjbovs a/cvpov$ eiroi7]aaTe /cat yjrr]^>Lcr/jiaTa e^rjXet^aTe*

06 vvvl fjbevovoriv ev TT} iroXei irtaTevovTe? V/JLLV} W avBpes. 66 ovv yvmaovTac vp,a$ airoBe^ofjuevov^ T<%9 /caTrjyopta? 104 76 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

rcov irporepov yeyev7]pbevcov, TIVCL avrovs oieaOe yvco/jbrjv e^eiv rrepi trcfrcov avrcov ; rj riva avrcov eOeXrjcrecv ^69 aycovas /ca6iaraa6at eveica rcov irporepov yeyevrj/jievcov ; $>av7}(T0VTaL yap iroXkol fiev eyQpoi rroXkol Be crv/co- avTcu, di Karacmqcrovcriv avrcov e/caarov et9 aycova. 105 fjfcovcrc Be vvvl a/cpoacrdfJLevoi a/jucfrdrepot, ov rerepav avrcov dperfjv iKavrjv elvac TW rrXTjOei rco etcGivcov avnra^aaOar pba^ecra/jbevoi T€ eviKcov, Kat TTJV T6 EXXaSa TjXevOepcocrav /cat, TTJV rrarpiSa ecrwcrav. epyov Se TOLOVTOV epyacraybevoiy OVK rj^vcocrav TLVL TCOV irpo- 108 Tepov yevojievoav /uLVTjcrLKaKTjcrai,. roiyaproi Sia ravra, TTJV TroXtv dvdararov rrapaXaftovre? lepd re KCLTcucetcav- /neva reiynrj Te KCU oifccas Karaire7rrcoKVLa<;, acpopjiTjv re ovSejiiav e^ovre^, Sia TO aXXrfkois ojiovoelv TTJV apyrjv TCOV ^EXXTJVCOV Kareipydaavro KCU TTJV TTOXIV VJULLV TOL- avrrjv Kao ToaavTTjv irapeSocrav. vjiels ovv KOL avroi 109 vcrrepov, KaKcov OVK eXarrovcov rj eKeivois yeyevTjjxevtov^ ayaQoi e% dyadcov .ovres aireSore TTJV vnapypvcrav dperTjv Tj^Lcocrare yap TOVS re cpevyovras KaraSe%acrQai Kai TOU9 arrows emrlpbov^ nroirjaai. n ovv vjuv vird-

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6MTL roXfiripoL, coa9' a avroc /carea/cevaaap, OVK ap/cel avrots OTL ov icaTeayop a eire^ovXevaapi aXXa Kai 111 icaTTjryopiav efjuov iroiovvrat «? aStfcovvros. eireihr] yap rfkOofxev 'EXevaipoOep /cat rj evSeigcs eyeyeprjTo, irpocr- yeiv 6 fiaaiXevs irepl TCOP . yeyeprjpbepcop 'EXevalpL Kara TT}V TeXeTTjp, coaTrep e6o. icai nraprjjjiep /caTa Ta irpoeiprjjJLepa. icai rj flovXr) eirecBr) rjp nrX7]pr)s, apao~Ta$ KaXXias 6 XTTTTOPLKOV TI\P atcevrjp €%COP XeyeL OTL LfceTrjpia /ce.LTaL eiro TOV /SOO/JLOV, fcac eBet^ep avToh. tcaO' 6 /cfjpv!; €/cr]pVTT6 7-/9 TTJP lfC€T7]plap fcaTaOecr), teat OVBCLS vjrr]fcov€p. rjfjbeis Be Trapeo~TafjL€P, Kai OVTOS 7]\xa\ ecopa. eireiBrj Se ovBeL? VTrrj/covep icai (pX€T0 ^(Jl(dV (0) eire^eXOwp EVKXTJ^ OVTOCTL — Kai JJLOL KaXeu auTOP. TIpooTa fiep OVP TavTa ei aXrjdrj Xeyco, fjuapTVprjo-op, Ev/cXei<;. MAPTTPIA.

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§ 111. rots' 7rpvrdv€(Tiv, ol &?.] reus* TT. add. Lips., Koepk. sec. ia-riv ol 8. 7T. Bl. cu.m codd. Post ol 6V, TTpvTaveis omisi cum L. (6) €7T€^€\6a)v Ev. iiret-ikBtov post OVTOS fjfjias Lips., qui om. KCU ante a^ero. ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS. 79 coo-re Oelvat TT]V LfceTTjpiav fjbT) eihora TOP vofjbov, tva Ba> Bi/crjp. eyco Se, d) apBpe?, ei co? fiakiara aXrjBrj Xeyovaip 01 fca,T7)7)fii TOIP Beoip aeawo-0ai. 6L yap eOrjfca fiep TTJV t/cer^piav, vir^fcovcra Be /J.T], aXXo 114 Ti 7] avros fiep avrov a7rcoXXvop Ti0et$ rrjv Lic6T7}piav, eor(p^ofir]V Be rrj TV^TJ Bia TO firj VTvaKovciai, BrjXop OTI Bia TCO 0eco ; ei yap e(3ovXear0r]p fie airoXXvpat TCO Oeco, eyjpr\p &r)7Tov fcac fir) OevTa fie TTJV tfceTrjpcav OJJLOXO- yrjaaL. aXX' OVT6 V7r7]/covcra OVT e0r}/ca. eTreiBr\ B 115 eXeye TTJ /3OVXT) Ev/cXrj EXevatVMp, a/cpiTov airoOavelv, fcal 6 irciTiqp TTOT CIVTOV ITTTTOPLKO^ e%r}y7}o~aiTO TCLVTCL 'AdrjvaLOLS, afcovcreie Be OTL eyco Oeirjv TTJV tfceTrjpiav. evTevdev apcnrr)Ba Ke(f)aXo$ OVTOCTL real XeyeS "*J2 116 KaXXia, TTCIVTCOV avOpioircov dpocrLWTciTe, irpoctTOv fiep e%7]yf) K.7)pvfC(ov COP, ovy^ batop (o) croc e^7}yela6aC eiretTa Be pofiop iraTpiop Xeyeis, v\ Be crTrjXr) irap r) eepe Br) TOLPVP, C& apBpe? — TCL^CC yap av avTO 117

§ 115. dvao-rds. Bl. ards cum codd. Scripsi cum Bait. Hirsch. Weid. Lips. 8Q ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

(3OV\OHT0€ TrvBecrOai —, 6 Be KaWias ri fiovkofxevo? 6T106C TfjV LK6T7]piaV / eyCO Be VflLV SL7}

§ 119. avhpbs {irepov), Lips. ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS. 81

ypovs ravra KaXXtas Xayyapei rS vet TG3 eavrov TT}? 121 €7Ti/<;\r}pov, TTJ Be/cary Lcrrapbevov, Ipa fir) e7riBLfcaacopbac eyco. rat? & et/caac, /Jbvo-Ttjpioc? TOVTOIS, SOU? KTJ^CCTLG) %iXia$ Spax/Jba? epSet/cpvcri p,e teat et9 TOP aycova TOVTOV /ca0i(TT7](n,v. eTretSr] S' icopa /JL€ viropuepoPTa, Tidrjai T7]V L/C€T7]piaV, Ct>9 €JJL6 fl€P a7T0fCT€V(0V CLKplTOP T\ e%eX? avev aycopo? 122 ecopa eaojieva TCL 7rpdyfJbaTa, Tore Brj irpoaicop Aval- arparov, Hyrjfjbova, 'E^t^apr), opcop ? ei €TL /cat VVP fiovXoc/jL'rjp airocrTrjpai T^? 'ETTIXVKOV OvyaTpos, eTOiptos etrj iravaacrOau pee Kaicco? TTOLCOP, airaXXa^au Be Kv]- fyicriop, SL/CT)P S' ev TO?,$ faXois Sovpal p,oi TCOP ireirotr]- puevcop, elirop avTco KOI naTiqyopelp tcai irapaa/ceva^eip 123 aXXovs' €o S' eyco avTOp a7ro<£evfo/zcu fcal ypcocropTat Adrjvaloi nrepi e/uov Ta Si/caia, eyco avTOP olpuat, irepi TOV o-(dfJbaTos TOV eavTov ep T fiepec KipSvpevcreip. airep avTOp ov ^evorofiac, eap vpucp, co avSpes, So/cr}. J2? S aXrjOrj Xeyco, tcaXei pbot TOV? puapTVpas. MAPTTPE2. 'AXXa yap TOP VOP avTov TOVTOP, Xa%eip rj^icocre 124 TTJ? 'ETTLXVKOV OvyaTpos, aKe^aaOe ircoq yeyopep, teal

§ 121. reus 8* elmcri, ro'is fi. TOVTOLS ci. Jebb ; sed rots auctoritate caret. § 123. officii correxi.] oto/xat : sed, cf. §§ 19, 22, 39, 129, 139. Et OI/MH et oio/.iat apud Atticos: vid. Ruth. Nov. Phryn. p. 432. Oratores tamen formam, ni fallor, contractam praeferunt. E 82 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

TTco? €7T0L7](raT avrov' ravra yap KCLL a^iov aKovaai, co avBpe?. ya/juei puev 'IcryoiLayov Qvyarepa' ravrr) Be (Tvvoiicricra^ ovB eviavrbv rrjv pb^repa avrrjs e\a{3e, KCLI (TWtoKei 6 7ravTQ)V cr%eTki(OTaTo$ av6p(07Tcov TTJ fju^rpi /cat rrj Qvyarpi, lepevs cov rr)<$ fjbrjrpo^ tcai rrjs Ovyarpos, teat eXyev ev rfj OLKLCC afityorepas. Kai ovro<$ puev OVK rfayyvOt) ovS eBeiae TO) 0eco' r) he rod lo-ypiiaypv dvyarrjp reOvavai vofjbiaaaa \vo~ire\elv rj %rjv opwera ra yiyvo/jueva, array ^ofievrj fiera^v KareKvQif], Kai eirecBrj avefiico, arroBpaaa e/c rr)$ oiKias (p^ero, Kai e^rfkaaev ?] fjb7)T7]p ri]v Qvyarepa. ravrr)? §' av bsia7re7rXr}0'p,€vovo<$ Ovyarpo? rj e%(a\r) elvai Kal avrov Kal rrjv oiKiav, coanrep earaL. fiera ravra roivvv, w avBpe^,varep(p rrakiv %povcp rrj? ypao? To\fJb7]pordr7]^ yvvaiKO<; avqpdaOr}, Kal KO/JLL- £erai avrrjv eis rr\v OIK lav, Kal rov iralBa rjBrj pueyav ovra eiaayei ei$ K.r)pvKa<$, (paaKcov elvai vov avrov. avrelrre fiev KaWiBrjs JJLT] eiaBe^aaOai, ey}rr]

§ 125. Kare\v6r] pro KareKkiBr] Bait. Turr. Lips. KareK^Xvdrj Shut. Bl. KareXr}(j)6r] Dobr. Hick. § 126. 7/KOJ/.] rjyov Lips. ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS. 83

ofjuocravra eccrayecp rj p/r\p vov ovra eavrov eccrayecp. Xafldfiepos rov ficofiov copcocrep rj pcrjp TOP iralha eavrov ecpac ypyacop, etc XpvqcaSos yey opora' OP aTrco/jcoae, Kac pot TOVTCOP dirapTayp rovs pcaprvpas Kakec*

MAPTTPE2.

ErrckvKov Ovyarepa \a/3e2pt CP e^eXaory rrjp T7]6TJP rj OvyarpcSr}. aXka yap rS rrachc avrov rt %prj rovpopca OecrQac; olpcac yap eycoye ovSepa ovrcos ay ad OP elpac 129 Xoyc^eaOac, bares e^evpr]o-ec rovpofia avrov. rpicop ydp ovcrcop yvpaitccop als crvp(pKr)K(os earac o rrarrjp airov, rr)s peep vos earip, cos (pyjo-c, rrjs be aoeXcpos, rrjs oe uecos. 7Y9 ap ecrj ovros; UcbcirovSy rj Acycaoos; r] rt yprj avrop opopeaaac ; 'AXka yap, 6) apSpes, fipayy re vpeds apapepfjerae rrep\ 130 KaXXcov (3ovXopeac. ec yap peepLprjaOe, ore r] rroXes VPXe T®v EXXTJPCDP tcac rjvSaepeopec pcaXcara, IrnropcKos Se rjv irXovaccoraros rcop 'EXXTJPCQP, rore peeproc rrdvres tare on rrapa rots irachapcocs rocs petfeporarocs teat rocs yvpacocs tcXyScop ep diraarj TTJ rroXec tcarec%ep, ore 'Irnropctcos ep rfj oc/cca aXcrrjpcop rpecpec, 09 avrov rr\p rpaire^ap aparpeirec. pcepcpTjade ravra, 0) ccpBpes. rrcos 131 OVP r) ecp aXcrrjpcop avra> erpeep, 09 dparerpo

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§ 132. eB.(pai(TTiOLs restitui cum Lips. 'Hcfraio-Teiois Bl., sed cf. C. I. A. ii. 553. § 133. v7rep(3a\ov(Ti corr.] virepjSdXkovo-L Steph., Lips, virzp- jSdXXoxrt, codd. opt., i.q. Bl. § 134. rpla.'] e| K,., Lips, rpla Hick., quod in not. two Anglice red. ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS. 85

effaXXop, eo)? eirpiafJbTjv e£ Kac Tpiafcovra TaXapTcop. aireXaaa^ Se TOVTOV? Kac KaraaTTjcras V/MP eyyvrjTa? egeXelja ra %pr)[iaTa KCCC fcarefiakov rfj 7roX€C Kac avro? OVK efyl/JMcodrjv, aXXd ica\ fipayia direKepSacpo/jcep oc fjLeracr'XpvTes' TOVTOVS S eiroirjcra TCOP vfjueTQpcop fir) Scapec/Jbaadac e£ raXavra apyvpcov. a OVTOC ypoPTe? 135 eSo&ap crcorcp avTocs Xoyop, OTC i( apOpcoiros ovrocrc ovre avTO$ Xrj^erac TCOP KOCPCOP ^p7]fiarcop ovO rj/jbas eacrec,

vXa$J€C Se teal e/jL7roBcorp earai Scavec/jiaaOac ra tcocpd' irpos Se TOVTOCS, op ap rj/ucop aSitcovpra Xafir), ecaa^ec ec<$ TO ifkrjdos TO 'AOijpaicop teal airoXel. Sec OVP TOVTOP etcirohcop 7}[MP ecpac KOC ScKaccos teal dSUm" TavTa fxep 136 OVP, d) apSpes 8cfcao~Tac, TOVTOCS irocrjTea rjp, V/JLCP Se ye (TO) epapTcop TOVTCOP* CD

€%€CP3 rj ec

§ 137. o-Qdcretav corr. Lips. Vid. Ruth. Nov. Phryn. p. 442.] (rdxraiep. 86 ANDOOIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

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TOVTOP oto? eaTiv; eyco fjuep OVP, co aphpes} ^yovfiat Xprjpat pofjbi^eip rou9 TOOOVTOVS /ciphupovs ap0pcd7ripov eavTcop crcp^o/jLepov? VTT apQpco- TTCDP airoWv/jLePov? opcoep. 140 Kac fjuep hrj icai Tahe V[UP a^top, co aphpes, epOvjjLTjOrjpai, OTI PVPI iracn T069 EXXTJCTIP aphpes apiarTOi /cal ev/3ov~ XoTaToi ho/ceiTe yeyeprjorOai ov/c enrl Ttficoptap Tpairo- fiepoi TCOP yeyeprjfiepcop, aXX' ein crcoTrjpcap Trj? iroXeco^ /cal ojjbopotap TCOP TTOXLTCOP. crvficpopal fjuep yap rjhy] ica\ aXXoi? TroXXols eyepopTo ov/c eXaTTovs rj /cat r)fup* TO he

ra9 yepofjuepa? hiacjyopas 7rpo9 aXXr\Xov<; QecrQai icaXco<;y

§ 138. OVK egrjv Bl.] ovirep rjv Turr., Lips, ovrrep egrjv Dobr., Codd. ov 7repr)v. ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS. 87

TOVT 66/COT&)9 rjBrj Boicel avBp&v dyaO&v teat, crcocfrpovcov epyov elvai. eTretBrj TOLVVV irapa iravTo&v bfioXoyov- fievco? Tav& v/jblv virapyei, KCLL ei TL$ (fiiXos hv Tvyyavei KCUI ei TIa<; avrovs 7rape%ovTe$ TOLOVTOVS, fiaXiara Be Trjs et9 vfias evvotas,

KCLL 07TC09, el ITOTe T£9 CLVTol<$ 7] T&V €^ €IC€LVCDV TIVL tclvBvvo$ yevoiTo i) av/i(f>opdj acp^oivro crvyyvoofir]? Trap VJJL&V rvy^avovre^, eitcoTcos B av avroov fiefivrjaOe* 142 /cat yap rfj iroXei dnraarj al T&V vfierepcov Trpoyovcov aperac ifKetarov dfyai eyevovro* eiretBr] yap, & av$pe$,

al vrje<$ Bte

§ 141. yevoiTo Dobr. Bl. yei/rja-eraL Madv. Lips.] yevqTcu. 88 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

144 ^fcetyao-Oe TOLVVV Kal raSe, av /JL€ (Taxrrjre, olov

€%€T6 TToXlTTjV' 09 ITpCOTOV fl€V eK 7ToXXoV 7rXoVTOV} bo~OV Vfjbeis care, ov 6Y ejjuavTOV aXXa Bia ra$ rrjs 7ro\€G)9 (7VfjL(j)opa i\oT7]Te$ 7rpo9 TTOXXOV? Kai fiacriXeas Kai TroXei? Kai ctXXovs iBia fjevov? yeyevrjvTai,

§ 144. TOIV x€P°^v T0~IV Efiavrov pro raiv \

OvSeV 0VT6 rjfUV 669 VfJLCL<$ 0VT6 VfMV 669 ?7/evyco KCLL aVTl/3oXcO KCLL LK6T6VCO* Vfl6L$ fl6 Trap VfJLCOV aVTCOV aLTijcrajLLevoL acooraTe, KaL fir) /3ovXea0e ©eTTaXov? KaL 'AvBpLov? iroXLTas iroielaBaL BL airopLOv avBpcov, TOU9 Be ovTas iroXLTas ofioXoyovfievcos, 069 7rpocr7]K€L avBpacrLV ayaOoL? elvaL KaL /SovXofievoL BvvrjcrovTaL, TOVTOV? Be diroXXvTe, jbLTj BrJTa. eireLTa teal Tavd vficov BeofiaL, ev TTOLCOV vfias v' Vficov TLfxacrOaL. COCTT efioL fiev 7r€L6ofievoL OVK airoaTepelcrOe €6 TI eyco Bwrjao/ubaL vfjbd<$ ev iroLelv' edv Be T069 e%0poL$ TOLS e/jbols TreLcrOrjTe, ovB av vcTTepco %povco vfuv fjbeTafJLeXnqcrr}, ovBev €TL irXeov 7T0L7)0-eTe. JJL7] TOLVVV fJL7}0' VfJLCL^ aVTOV$ TCOV CL1T efXOV 150 eXiriBcov a7roaT€p7]ar)Te /JLTJT epue TCOV 669 VJJLCL$. a^Lco B} eycoye TOVTOVS OITLV€$ VJJLLV apeTrj? rjBrj Tr}<$ fieyLcrTrjs 669 TO 7rXr)0o$ TO ifxeTepov eXey%ov eBocrav, avafiavTas evTavOoL crvjjLfiovXeveLv ifuv a yLyvcocrKovcTL nrepL efiov. Aevpo AvvTe, KecfraXe, eTL Be Kai ol cfrvXeTaL OL TjprjfjuevoL fjbOL crvvBLKelv, &pacrvXXos KOI OL CLXXOL. II.

IIEPI TH$ EATTOT KAQOJOT.

1 Ei fjiev, o) avBpes, ev erep(p rep irpaypLari ol Trapiopre? pur) TTJP avT7]v ypcopirjp eftovre? iravre^ ecpaipopro, ovoep av Oavpbacrrop evopbi^op* birov pueproi Bel tr\v TTOXIV epue TI TroiTJcrai ayaOov, rj el TLS erepo? fiovXoiro epuov KCLKICDV, heivorarov diravrcov ^prjpbaTcov rjyovfiai, ei T fiev SoKei ravra TG3 Se pur], aXXa pur) iracrip 6p,oico$. elirep jap rj TTO7U9 airavTcov TCOP TroXirevopiepcop KOLPT\ e /cat, ra 2 yiypopuepa ST}7TOV ayaOa rrj TroXei /coipa ecri. rovrl TOIPVP TO pueya icai heipop nrapearip vpulp opap TOU? puep 7]$7] TTpcLTTOpras, TOV$ Se Taya pbeWopra?' tcai puoi /jbeyiarop 6avpba TrapeaTTjKe, ri irore ovroi oi ap$pe

TrapTcov ap0p(O7T(OP} 7] rrj iro\ei ravry hvapbepecrrdTOV^. ei puep ye vopbi^ovai rrjs TroXecos ev irparrovcrr]^ tcai ra iSia acjicop avrcop apueipop av (f>epea6ai, apbaBeo-raroi 3 eio~i ra epapria VVP rrj eavrcop co(j)e\ela airevBopTe^ ei

§ 2. TreptKaovraL. Corr. Lips. Vid. Ruth. Nov. Phryn. p. 112.] TrepiKaiovrai. 90 ANDOCIDES DE REDITU. 91

Be fir) TCLVTCL rjyovvTCLL ac^iai T6 CLVTOIS av/jLcfyepecv KCLI

TCO VfL6T6p(d fCOLVCp, 8vcr/jL€P6l

TLOVVTO — aXX' aw avhpcov eTepcov, OLOL 6LO~LV ev Trj iroXet TavTj), ovSevo? av %p7]{iaT0$ Be^afievoL Vjjbds TL ayadov e£ efiov irpa^aL. icaL avTOL fiev OVTOL OL avSpes ov ToXficocTL acfyas avTovs et$ TO /jueaov KaTacTTnqcravTes SLLar^ypL^eaOaL irepl TOVTCOV,

VfJLLV, COGTe /JLTjSeV CLV TOVTCOV SLKaiCO? TLfJL7]V aVTOLS TLVa cf>epeLV. epLOL Be, a> avSpes, icaL TCO irpcoTco TOVTO €L7TOVTL op6

§3. 7T€p\ \jc£>v\ 7rpayixa.T(ov. Uncis inclusi. "Dele TCOV." Dobr. " Malim nep\ Trpayfidrcov sive nepl roiovrcov npay'p&Tav." Blass. lxei£ovs v. Meisterhans p. 119.] pelgoves. 92 ANDOCIDES DE REDITU.

6 TO e^a/jLaprelv hvairpa^ia ear by /cab eicrtv evTvyecrTaTOb fiev ol zkayiGTa e^apapTavovTes, aco^povecrraroL Be o% av TayiGTa /JbeTaybyvcocr/ccocri. /cal ravra ov Bca-

/ce/cptTai rot? fiev yiyveaOai TOIS Be /j/rj9 akX* ecrrtv

eV TCp KOLVCp ITCbCTbV avd pCOTTOlS /Cab €%a/JLapT€tV TL /Cab /catccos irpa^ai. cov eve/ca, co 'AOTIVCUOL, et avdpcoirlvco^ irepi efjuov ytyvcocr/coiTe, ecTjre av avBpes evyvcofioveo- repot, ov yap cf>0ovov fiaXkov rj OX/CTOV a%ia fioi ecrn 7 ra yeyevT]fieva' b? et? TOCTOVTOV rfkOov [T^? e/uavtov] BvaBabfiovLas, etre ^pr] eiireiv veoTr\ri re /cal avoia (TTJ e/jbavTov), elre /ecu Bwafiet TCOV irebcravTcov fie eXdeiv et? TOiavTTjv o~vfi(f>opav TCOV eppevcov, COCTT avdy/crjv fiob yeveaOab Bvolv /ca/cotv TOLV fieyiarobv Oarepov eXeaOat, rj fir) /3ov\r)9evTt icaTenrelv TOVS Tavra rrobiqaavra^ ov irepl efjuov fjuovov oppcoBelv, el TI eBei waOelv, aXXa /cat, TOV irarepa ovBev aBi/covvra crvv e/iavrco arrotcrelvai-— bnrep avay/crj 7ra6e2v rjv a&rcp, ei eyco fir) e/3ovXofi7]v ravra rrobrjaab —, \] icarenrovTi Ta yeyev7]/jueva avrov fiev acpeOevra fjurj re6vavab> TOV Be e/navrov irarpos JJLT) cpovea yeveaOai. ri S' av ov nrpo ye TOVTOV roXfiTjaeiev 8 avOpcoTros iroirjcrai ; eyco TOLVVV e/c TCOV irapovrcov ebXofirjv ravra, a efiob fjbev Xu7nx9 em yjpovov rrXelarov olaeiv efieXXev, vfilv Be raylarrfv TOV rrapovro^ Tore /cafcov fxeraaracrbv. dvafLvnqo-QrfTe Be ev olco /cbvBvvco re /cau afirj^avia /cadearare, /cal OTL OVTCO crcjyoBpa acpas

§ 7. [rrjs epavrov] uncis inclusi. r. epavTov. Blass., Lips. (rfj efiavrov) a dvo-daLfjiopias transtuli cum Frohberg., id quod probant Erikss., Lips. § 8. et-fjre corr. Lips.] igrjeiTt. ANDOCIDES BE KEDITU. 93

CLVTOVS e7T€CJ)O^7]CT0€, COLTT OvS' €L$ T7]V ayOpCLV €TL €^7]T€, €/cacrTO<; VJJLCOV OLOfjuevos avXXrjc^OrjcreadaL. TavTa TOL- vvv coaTe fjbev yeveaOaL TOICLVTCI, TroXXoaTov STJ TL eyco fjuepos TTJS aLTia$ r)Vpe07)v e^cov, coaTe pbevTOi Travdrjvat, iyco efc cov JJLOVOS aiTtos. fcac OJJLCO? TO ye SvaTV^ea- 9 TCLTOS elvai dvOpcoircov ovhapurj i/ccjyevyco, oTe STJ nrpoa- yojievif]^ jxev Trjs TToXeco? iiri TCLVTCLS TCL<$ avjjLcf>opa<; ovSeis ijiov rjp^eTo yiyveaQab hvahaijioveaTepo?, jxedia- Tajievr}<$ he iraXiv eh TO da

%dpiv ovv el/cos jJLey ov jjuiaos TCO BvaTV^jiaTt TOVTCO cpepecrdat irap' VJJLCOV. KaiTOL eyco TOT avTos yvovs r<%9 ejxavTov trvfjLcjiopds, 10 co TLVL fcaiccov T6 /cat aicry^pcov OVK ol8' eu TL aireyeveTo, Ta fJLev irapavoia TT) epLavTov, Ta §' avay/crj TCOV irapov- TCOV irpaypLaTCOv, eyvcov TJSICTTOV elvai irpaTTetv re ToiavTa Kav htaLTaadaL e/cec, OTTOV rj/ciaTa jieXXoLjii ocf>0rjaea6aL vcf> VJJLCOV, eTreihrj Se yjpovco vaTepov eta- rjXOe JJLOL, coairep elfcos, innOvpLia TTJS re jieff VJJLCOV TroXiTeias ineivrj^ KCU viaiTrjs, e£ 779 hevpl jieTeaTTjv, eyvcov XvaiTeXelv JJLOL rj TOV ftiov aTTrjXXa^aL, rj TTJV TTOXLV TavTTjv aya0ov TL TOCTOVTOV ipyaaaa0ac, coaTe

VJJLCOV ifcovTcov elvai nroTe JJLOL TvoXLTevaaa0aL jie0 VJJLCOV. ifc Be TOVTOV ov ircoiroTe 0VT6 TOV acojiaTos ovTe TCOV 11 ovTcov ijJLOL ityeiaajirfv, OTTOV eSec irapaKLvSweveLv' dXX

§ 10. eKelvrjs KCU diatrrjSy e£ r/ff.] Kai TYJS eKel dcatTrjs (KO^OS), £g fjs. Lips. Locum sanum puto. 94 ANDOCIDES DE REDITU.

avTLfca fjbev TOTB elGfjyayov els crTpaTiav VJJLCOV ovGav ev Xafico tccoireas, TCOV TeTpa/cocricov rjBrj TO, rrpaypLaTa ev0aSe tcaTeLXrjcfroTcov, OVTOS JJLOL ' ApyeKaov %evov ira- Tpifcov tcaL SLSOVTOS TefjuveaOai Te tcaL i^ayea6ac OTTOGOVS e/3ovXo/jL7]v. TOVTOVS Te elGrjyayov TOVS tccoireasy tcaL irapov fJboi irevTe opa^pLcov TTJV TLJJLTJV avTcov Se^aaOat oitc r)0eXrjGa irpa^aaOac irXeov rj OGOV e/Jboi tcaTeGTrjGav, 12 elGrjyayov he GLTOV Te tcaL ycCktcov" tcai 01 avftpes etcelvoL etc TOVTCOV irapeGtcevaGpLevoL evL/crjGav pueTa TavTa IleXoTrovvrjGLovs vavp^ayovvTes, icai TT)V TTOXLV TavTrjv puovoi avOpcoircov eGCQGCiv ev TCO TOTe yjpovcp. el TOLVVV pueyaXcov ayaOcov aiTia vpucis elpyaGavTO etcelvoL, puepos eyco oitc av ekayj.GTov hitcaica? TavTrjs TTJS atrial e'xpijjbi. el yap TOLS avopaGiv etceivois TOTe TCL eTriTiqZeia

fir] elarj')(6rj9 oi nrepl TOV GcoGaL TCLS 'AOrjvas 6 KLVSWOS rjv avTols /JLCLWOV V) irepi TOV pLrjde CLVTOW GCo6r)vaL, 13 TOVTCOV TOLVVV OVTCOS eyovTcov oitc oXiyco JJLOL irapa yvco/jurjv rjvpeOrj TCL evTCtvOa irpaypbaTa eypvTa. KCLT- eirXevGa fiev yap cos eiraLvedrjGopLevos VTTO TCOV evBaSe nrpoOvpLias Te eve tea tcaL eirLpueXeias TCOV v/ueTepcov 7rpay- fMaTcov' nrvOofievoL Se TLves pue rjtcovTa TCOV TeTpatcoGLCov e^rjTovv Te irapayprj/jLa, teat, XaftovTes rjyayov els TTJV 14 /3ovXrjv. eiOvs Se irapaGTas puoL JJeLGavSpos "avhpes" ecf>7] " (3ov\evTaL, eyco TOV avopa TOVTOV evoeLtcvvco v/ilv GLTOV Te els TOVS 'TT oXepuiovs elGayayovTa tcaL tccoireas" teal TO TrpaypLa rjSrj TTCLV SLrjyelTo cos eTreirpatCTo. ev Se TCO TOTe Ta evavTLa (ppovovvTes STJXOL rjGav r)8r] OL ITTL

§12. dlna Bl. Lips.] a%ia MSS. Jebb. ANDOCIDES DE REDITU. 95

arparca^ byre? TOLS T€Tpa,Koaiot<;. tcayco, 0opvj3o<; yap hr) TOIOVTOS eyiyvero TCOV J3OV\€VTCOV> enreihrj eyiyvcoaicov a7ro\ov/JL€vo$, evdvs TrpoaTTTjSco 7r/)o? TTjv iaTiav fcal Xa/jL^avo/juai TCOV lepcov. oirep /JLOL /cab irXeitTTov a%iov iyevero iv TCO Tore' 669 yap TOVS deovs eyovTa oveiBr) OVTOL fjue fjuaXkov TCOV avOpcoircov iol/cacu KareXeTJcrai, (3ov\r)06VToov re avTcov aTTOKrelvai fJbe OVTOL rjcrav ol BiacrcocravTes. heafia re varepov /cal /carca oaa re teal ola TCO acofjuari r}V€cr%ofjLr)V, fiatcpov av et7] JJLOL Xeyetv. otf Srj Kai [jbakiorT ifiavTOV aircoXofyvpap^v* OGTLS TOVTO JLL€V iv co iSoicei, o 8T}/LLO$ KatcovaOai, iyco CLVTL TOVTOV icaica el%ov, TOVTO Se iirethr] iaLV€To eTOL/jLa^o/jievov. aXX! OJJLCOS Kai i/c TOVTCOV TOLOVTCOV OVTCOV airaWayeh ov/c ZCTTLV 6 TL eTepov epyov 7repL ifkeiovos iTTocov/jLrjv rj TTJV TTOXLV TavTTjv ayaOov TL ipyacracrOac. *Opav 3e XPV> w Adijvaloiy ocrco TCL TotavTa TCOV v7rovpy7]/jbdT(ov Bca^epei. TOVTO [xev yap OCTOL TCOV TTOXL- TCOV TO, ifieTepa irpayjiara hia^eipi^ovTe^ apyvpiov v/uv eicTTopi^oVGiv, aXko TL rj Ta vybkrepa VJLLLV SiSoacrL; TOVTO Se OCTOL GTpaTiqyoL yevofievoL KaXov TL TTJV TTOXLV KaTepyd^ovTaty TL aXko rj jneTa TTJS TCOV v^erkpeov

G-CO/JLCLTCOV TakaiircopLa*; re /cat KLVSVVCOV, Kai en TCOV

§16. eyevero] eylvero MSS. eyiyvero Jebb.

aTraXkvfirjv Lips.3 Jebb ; coir, Bek.] a.7ro\oifx,r}i/. 96 ANDOCIDES DE REDITU.

KOLVCOV %p7}fiaTO)v Satrap?}*;, TTOLOVCTLV vfia^ el TL rvy- yavovGiv aya0ov; ev &> tcai av TL e^a/juaprcocrLv, ov/c avrol rr]S acj)6TGpa<; avrcov afjbapTias BLKTJV StSoacriv, 18 aXX vfiels V7rep rcov eiceivois r)/jLapT7]fievcov. aXX! 6{ia><; OVTOL (7T€(f>avovvTai ye v(j) V/ACQV tcai avafCTjpvrrovraL ft)? ovres avBpes ayaOoi. /cac OVK epco o>? ov Si/caicc?' jueyaXT) yap eanv aperrj, OO~TL$ rrjv eavrov TTOXLV OTMOVV BvvaraL rpoirtp ayaOov TL ipya^eaOat. aXX ovv yLyvoo- aiceiv ye %pr) OTL eicelvos av eir\ iroXv irXeiarov CL%LO<$ avrjp, oaTLS rocs eavrov TrapaKivBvvevcov XprjfjLacri re Kai orw/jLari TOX/AWT] ayaQov ri rroielv TOVS eavrov iroXiras. 19 'EfjLoo roivvv ra fjuev rjBr) eh vjjbas rrerrpayiieva a^eBov TO arravres av elBelre, ra Be /jueXXovra re Kai rjBn IT par- rojjbeva avBpes VJJLWV irevraKoaioi ev anropprjT(p ccrao-cv, rj fiovXr)' OVS TTOXXG) BTJITOV el/cos ryrrov av TL e^a/xap- relv, rj el vjia^ BeoL aKovcravra? TL ev ra> nrapa^prjfjba vvv $Laj3ov\evo~ao-0aL. oi fiev ye a^oXrj rrept rcov elcrayyeXXo/jLevcov crKoirovvraL, vrrapyeL re air oh, eav

TL e^a/jLapTav(oaivf alriav eyeLv icaL Xoyov alaj^pov etc rcov aXXcov TTOXLTCOV' V/MV Be ov/c elcrLv erepoL vcj) cov alriav (av) e^oore' ra yap vfierepa avrcov i vfjuiv BLKaico? ecrTL Kai ev Kai icatccos, eav {3ovXr]o~0e, Bta0€

§ 19. eldelre corr. Lips.] eldelrjTe. i) (3ov\r) seel. Lips. Non ego. (av) post hv inser. Lips. ANDOCIDES DE REDITU. 97 rj^eiv evravOa* eyco roivvv roiovros re /cat roaovros eyevo/xi^v, ware robs avBpas rovs ravra ftovXevcravras i(j) vjilv Ka\ irpd^avras tyevcrOrjvai TTJS avrcov yvcofju^s* Kai cos fiev ravra Bierrpaxflr), ovBev rrpovpyov a/covaat 21 vfuv* rd Be VVVL /3ovXojjbai v/jbds elBevai, on at (fiev) jieXXovaai vrjes 97877 atraycoyoi fcarairXelv els rov Tlet- paid elcriv V/MV rerrapes fcal Bexa, at Be Xoiivai rcov i/c Kvirpov avayQeiawv rfeovcriv cWpoai ov rroXv var- repov. i8e%ajjL7)v S' (av) avn IT avrcov ^pTjfjuarcov elvai ev acrcpaXec cf>pacrac rrpos vfJbds a fcal rrj fiovXf) ev drrop- prjrco elcrrjyyeiXa, OTTCOS avroQev irpoyBecre. vvv Be 22 ifcetva jxev rore orav drroreXecrOfj yvcoaeaOe dfjua Kai o)^>e\7]07]o-ecr0e' vvv Be, co AQrjvaloi, ei fxot /3ovX7)8elre Bovvai XaPcv filKpdv Te Kat dirovov bfuv /cat dpba Bc/calav, iravv av fioi rovro ev pbeyaXjj rjBovfj yevotro. cos Be teat BiKaia eartv, eoaeaOe. a yap [JLOL avrob yvovres re noil vrrocrypixevoi eBore, varepov Be erepois rretOofjievoi dcpeiXecrOe, ravO v/uas, el jaev ftovXecrde, airco, el Be p/r\ flovXecrOe, airaLrio. opco Be vjjbds rroX- 23 Xa/as feat BovXois dvBpcoirois tcac %evots nravroBairols iroXireiav BiBovras re icai els %prj/jLara fieydXas Bcopeds, o% av vfjbds tyaivcovrai iroiovvres ri dyadov. /cal ravra fjuevroi opOcos v/ubeis (j>povovvres BiBore' ovrco yap av viro irXeiarcov dvOpcoircov ev 7rdcr%oLTe. eyco roivvv rocrovrov V/JLCOV JJLOVOV Beofjuai* ro tytfcpLo-fxa b ISILevirrirov elirovros e\Jr7]cpLaao-6e, elvai /JLOL aBeiav, irdXiv diroBore.

§ 22. (SovXrjdelTe corr. Lips.] fiovXr)6eir]Te. ax^eX^^creo-^.] Fortasse oa^eX^cr^o-Qe. alra . . . aircuTOd transpos. Dobr. Lips, p; uncis inchis. R. Bl. Sanum puto. Vid. Not. G 98 ANDOCIDES DE REDITU.

dvayvcocreTai Se v/uv avro' en jap feat, vvv eyye- JpaTTTCLL ev TCp /3ovXeVT7]pL(p. WH&I2MA.

24 Tovrc TO ^lrrj(f>L5? TrpoTepa? eTepa vvvt TrapeaT7]fcev, ovhev ovv eTi vTroXeiireTai OTCO av \xoi hucaicos hiafBe- 25 ftXfjaOe. coenrep Se rf}? TOTe dpuapTias TO, diro TCOV epycov o~7]fjbela hevycov KaKoiraQelv pbdXKov rj irpohoTr)? avTcov KaTa- cTTTjvai. COCTT ejjboiye teal Sia TO, TCOV irpoyovcov epya eifcoTcos virap^ec STJ/JLOTLKCO elvai, enrep TL dXka vvv ye

%pr}

TTJV dhetav dfaXeadac vfjbCL<$y ev tare OTL ovheTrconrore rjjavafcrrjcra' oirov tydp VITO TCOV dvSpcov TOVTCOV CLVTOI els vfjbd^ avTovs eireicrOrjTe ra pueyicrTa e^afjuapTelv, ware CLVTL TY\S dp^rjs SovXeiav dXkd^aadat, e/c hrjfio- fcparias hvvaareiav Karaa-rrjoravTes, TL dv TLS v/uwv Oavfjba^oi tcai eU e/jue eu TL eTreiaO^Te e^a\xapTelv; PovXoijjLrjv fjbevT dv, coo-7rep ev TOLS vfieTepocs avTcov 28 TTpay/jbacnv, eireiZr) e^ovcriav e\d/3eTe, T«9 TCOV e%a- nraT7]advT(ov vfJbds dicvpovs eOeTe fiovXas, OVTCO teat ev a> irepi ejbiov eireiaQ^Te yvcoval TL dveTUTrjSecov, aTeXr) TTJV yvco/Jb^jv avTcov Troirjcrat, KCU fjurjTe ev TOVTW fjurjTe ev eTepcp T(p TOIS vficov CLVTWV e^OiaTois ojjuo'^n)$oL iroTe yevrjerde. *H* The references to classical authors are given according to the Teubner series, with the exception of Demosthenes de F. L., which is cited according to the sections of Bekker's Oxford Edition, on account of Shilleto's notes. NOTES.

I. DE MYSTERIIS.

Tlepl TWV Mvo-rrjpicov. The speech is always cited by this title, but Harp. s. v. £r)Tr)Tr)s quotes A. irepl rrjs ivhei^eoas. Pseud.-Plut. Vit. And. § 13-14 enumerates the speeches of A. thus: ol \xev yap d7To\oyovfjLf.vov irepl Tcov fivo-rrjp LOOTS elo-iv, ol de KaBobov beofievov, o-cp^crai S' avrov KCLL 6 irepl rrjs evbet^ecos Xoyos KCU aurokoyia irpbs <&aiaKa KCU irepl rrjs elprjvrjs. Blass believes this is a blunder, and thinks the irepl r&v pivo-rrjptcov and irepl rrjs evbelt-ecos are identical. Dr. Jebb, with Sauppe, considers them distinct, for (1) Pseud.-Plut. expressly distinguishes them, and could not make such an absurd blunder. [But, as the author of the Life stands convicted of consider­ ing A. identical with his grandfather of the same name (see § 146), and of applying words used by A. of himself to Leogoras, his father, we cannot lay much stress on this argument;] (2) [Lys.] 6 § 30 says two informations had been laid against A. in the same year; the speech irepl rrjs Iv. probably answered the first indictment. MvcrTr)pL(Dv. The Mysteries were supposed to have been founded by Demeter, when she visited Eleusis in search of her daughter Persephone. Strict secrecy was enjoined on the p,vo~rai, so that the exact nature of the rites is unknown. See 0. R. Kennedy, Appendix to Bemosth. on 'Athenian Festivals.' See Notes on § 110 and § 120 ; Isocr. 4 § 28. §§ 1-10. Proem. A large part is taken from a collection of irpooi/jLiaj and occurs also in Lysias and Isocrates; cf. also the opening §§ of Demosth. de F. L. § 1. irapao-Kevrjv. In Lys. 19 § 2, where this passage occurs again, the direipia of the speaker is contrasted with his opponent's irapa- (TKevrjj cf. Lys. 30 § 4; Dem. 27 § 2, which passage is imitated from 101 102 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

Isaeus 8 § 5, cart p,ev ovv ^aXeirbv irpos 7rapa(TK€vas Xoycav KCLL fidprvpas ov TaXrjdrj fiaprvpovvras els dycova Ka6iuTacr6ai 7rep\ rrjkiKovTtov, Travrdiraaiv direipas %ypvra diKao-Trjpicov. The word has an invidious sense, implying the use of unfair means; cf. § 132 note. The con­ trast of IT. with aireipia was a commonplace with forensic speakers. A. wishes the jury to mark at the outset that a plot has been formed to ruin him, and break through the Amnesty ; cf. Dem. 57 § 11 ol TOVTCO 7rap€(TKevacrfji€VOL, for which ol TOVTCO avveo-Tcores is presently substituted. Aeschin. v. Ctes. § 1. e£ dpxrjs with irapa(TK€vr]v and 7rpo6vp.lav.

§ 2. 4}K

§ 149). There was a special clause in the oath for some years after B.C. 403. See G-rote Gk Hist. vol. viii. p. 100. It is given below § 91. Suidas gives as specimens of an oath OVTCO iraia\ xpWaL0 KkrjpovofjLois. OVTCO ra KCU TCL 6eos

§ 4. avTUa. ' For instance.5 The earliest cases of the use of avTLKa in this sense are Antiph. 5 § 68, Aristoph. Av. 166 (B.O. 414). Later, evSvs has the same meaning. cos apa. apa is ironical = scilicet. For the change from v7ro(ielvaifjLi av to olx'Tjo-ofxat, cf. § 30, note. OVTC . . . re. Thuc. 7, chs. 30, 31, 42, ib. 8, 45, 5. Soph. O. C. 1397. yrj iroWrj KCU. dyaBrj K.T.X. Isocr. 9 § 51 says many Greeks settled in Cyprus, rjyovfjievoi Kovcporepav KOL vofxipicoTepav elvai rrjv Evayopov (3acri\eiav rcov O'LKOL 7TOXLT€LCOV. Evagoras of Cyprus wel­ comed all Greeks to his kingdom, cf. [Lys.] 6 § 28. Trans. : * while, if he sails to Cyprus, land in abundance and of good quality is offered to him, and ready for him free of charge.' It is one of A.'s tricks to make the most of his influence with foreign potentates, cf. § 145. He does not indeed assert that Evagoras has as yet given him any land at all, but he wishes the jury to mark that Evagoras would give much to get A. back in Cyprus. To this it might be answered that Evagoras was probably ready to give any Athenian of position land if he would settle in his kingdom. I see no need to alter Sibofievr) to bebopevr] with Lipsius, whose emendation here seems unnecessarily violent. Also it is hazardous to assume with Dr. Jebb, from the words of A., that he had actually land belonging to him in Cyprus. A. says merely that he has reason to suppose he will get land (probably some had been offered him already), if he 104 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

returns to Cyprus. For this use of V7rapx(*>, under certain conditions, cf. below, § 101, § 109 end ; cf. Thuc. 5, 9, 9 (quoted at § 9). bcopedv. So Reiske. Cf. irpoiKa. The ' appositional' accusative is very widely used in Greek. See § 39, riva rpoirov § 73. See Kiihner Or. § 410, 3, 7. 6pa TJ]V TTOKLV COS biaKeirai, i with what hope in view 1 does he not see the state of public feeling 1' Our knowledge of Athenian history from 403 to 395 B.C. is mainly derived from scattered reff. in the Orators, since Xen. devotes himself to Sparta and Agesilaus. Men with oligarchical leanings found their position unpleasant. Hence many such went off on foreign campaigns like that of Cyrus. 300 oligarch Knights went from Athens with Thimbron to Asia in 400 B.C. (Xen. Hell. 3, 1, 4). A. refers here (1) to the weakness of Athens in 399 ; (2) to the feeling against oligarchs, which some persons were bent on turning to account by reviving a system of prosecutions. See Isocr. 18 § 2, quoted below on § 8, and Introd. to this speech, end.

§ 5. aXXoSi re yap cbv . . . rrjs be 7r6\ea>s. Here re . . . be takes the place of re . . . be by a slight and not uncommon anacoluthon, re being substituted for be as though p,ev had preceded. In tragedy it is frequent, Aesch. Pers. 624. Ellendt Lex. Soph. s. v. re. Poppo on Thuc. 4, 52 and Schafer Ap. Grit. Demosth. ii. 579 explain re yap as = namque or etenim. See Shilleto on Dem. de F. L. § 176. But that is not the case here, nor yet in Thuc. 4, 52, where Arnold seems right. Kiihner Gr. § 250, note 4, denies thafc re yap eyQv—namque, and holds that all passages in which re is not answered by re' are ana- coluthic. He adds, 'In many places the text is corrupt, re being falsely written for be or ye, as Soph. Elect. 1417,' where the MSS. give B\ So Tracliin. 1015 ; cf. Thompson on Plat. Gorg. 524 B. erepcov irokeav, i.e. particularly Evagoras5 kingdom—Salamis in Cyprus. eTrerpe-tya bcayvoovai V/JUV, i I have intrusted the decision concerning myself to you.5 The student will observe that enerpeyp-a has two datives in this construction. See Monro, Horn. Gr., on the Infin., §§ 231, 242.

§ 6. ol eK 7roXkov -^povov (Tw6evres : cf. §§ 1 and 132, notes. Pre­ sently bia3o\r)v=prejudice. Of. Thuc. 6, 61, betcrapres rb im btal3okrj es biKrjv Karairkevo-ai, NOTES. 105

ehos ovv vjias K.T.X. repeats what has already been said at the beginning of the section, a common trick with A. Of. § 9. But it must be borne in mind that his ' speeches were meant to carry hearers along with them, rather than to be read and analysed at leisure.' Dr. Jebb Att. Or. i. p. 101. A. ' was a gentleman orator, and not a professional.' Prof. Gilclersleeve. See § 8, and Index s.v. ayadov.

§ 7. TToXXa KCU deLva Karrjyoprjcraures. e After bringing many monstrous charges.' For Kar. without a gen. cf. Lys. 19 § 2, where this passage re-appears. Dem. cle F. L. § 9 noXXa t)e KCU deiva ex<*>v Kctr-qyope'iv, where see Shilleto. iiikaxrav yfsevdofxaprvpiav, ' were convicted of giving false evidence.5 There was no appeal from the verdict of the heliasts; but there were two means of getting an unjust decision reversed : (1) the process called rrjv eprjp,r)v dvTikaxelv, i-G- to obtain leave for a new action on the ground that judgment had been given against the applicant by default when his absence was justifiable. This appli­ cation had to be made within two months of the judgment. See also § 74, note on ^tvSoKXrjreias. (2) an irri(TK.T]\J/IS yj/cvbofxaprvpLodv, i.e. a prosecution for false evidence directed against one of the opposite party's witnesses. If he won such a case, the litigant had then to bring a dUrj itaKorexvi&v {an action for suborning false witnesses) against his opponent, and only if he were successful in this latter action as well was the original verdict reversed. Harp. s. v. KCLKO- rc^^to)^— 8IKT]S ovofxa.) r\v cl eXoi/rej riva yj/evdojxaprvpicdv Kara rod irapacrxoixivov avrov ibiboorav. He refers to [Demosth.] Kara. Ti/xo#t'ot; § 56, and [Demosth.] KCLT' JZvepyov KOL MvrjcrifiovXov § 2. Add Dem. (?) 29, §§ 1 and 10. TTplv av aKova-qre—priiisauam audiv&ritis. irplv liv with Subj. and rrpiv with Opt. require a neg. in the principal clause. Prof. Gilclersleeve (A. J. of Phil. vol. ii. p. 456 et sea.) points out that npiv\B essentially (1) a comparative formation; and,'as such, (2) negative. Hence here =/xrJ7T6) ipiov aKovaavras. Negatives tend to accumulate ; hence irporcpov in addition to rrp\v av here ; cf. § 89« See also § 43 Note, and cle Reel. § 26 jxaXkov . . . fxaXKoy rj.

§§ 8-10. Prothesis.

§ 8. ii>£hei£;av. Pollux 8. 48 evbei^is rjv npos TOV cipxovra f5/xoAo- yovfxevov abiKrjixaros pr)VV

Harp, says the e. was employed against those who, being legally excluded from any place or public function [as Andoc. is said to be], transgressed the order. Thus, there is no doubt A. entered the Eleusinian shrine, and attended the mysteries. The question is : had he a right to do so ? The i. is lodged in the absence of the accused, and hence Pollux contrasts it with dirayayri—orav TLS rrapovra eV avTotfiaypcp \a(3cov dnaydyrj, i.e. takes him to (the eleven,' who kept him in prison or allowed him out on bail till the trial. See the words coupled below, §§ 88, 91, 105. The evbe^is and dirayoayr] so nearly resembled one another that they are sometimes applied to the same case. Ait. Proc. § 225. TOV 'lo-oTifiibov. See § 71. This Psephism cancelled the abeia voted to the various informers in 415, in the case of those who had incriminated themselves in their information. For afteia, see §11 note. A. nowhere admits that he gave his own name among the Hermocopids. Contrast Thuc. 6, 60. If A. had never admitted himself guilty, why had he left Athens on the Decree being passed 1 aicvpov. A. implies that there was difficulty in maintaining the validity of the oath prj ixvycrimKeiv (see Xen. Hell. 2, end, and below, § 90) ; Isocr. 18 § 2 iviovs eoapdre ra>v TTOXLTCOV crvKo^avreiv appijpevovs Kai ras crvv6r]Kas \v€iv e7nx€ipovpras. rcov vofjLcov KOL TCOV opKcov. §§ 83, 85, 87, 90, 103,105. The o-vvOrJKac and opKot are quoted also in Isocr. 18 §§ 20, 21. irdvra ra yevopeva . . . rd irpax&ivra. This change from the common ra yevopeva to the less common ra rrpaxOevra is merely for the sake of variety; cf. Thuc. 8, 87, 4 rpifirjs eveKa i

§ 9. KOL avrovs, even without any special appeal, KO.\ pr) berjOevras, as Dem. de F. L. § 1 says, olWep refers to ra bUaia. The point a litigant always impressed on the jury was that a verdict in his favour would be (1) $LKai6rarov, (2) evopKorarov : cf. A.'s next words. Aeschin. v. Gtes. § 8, bUaia KOL evopKa . . . tyrjcpielo-Oe. Blass thinks some words have fallen out before olcnrep, in which mention^ was made of the oath. Ka\ iv rois ibiois Kai iv rols br}poo-[ois = et privatis et publicis in causis. Miiller. Cf. Isocr. 17 § 54, irepl rcov Ibicov Kai rcov brjpocricov. NOTES. 107

-fyrjtjyifccrdai Kara rovs opKovs : a passing compliment for the jury. So again below, § 109. l (IKOVTCOV rcop ov (3. : sc. ovTcovy but, in the gen. abs., eKcjp and OLKCOP are used without coz/, probably to avoid the repetition of the syllable GW E. H. Spieker, A. J. of Phil. vol. vi. On the Gen. Abs. So op is constantly omitted with neut. adjs. in accus. abs. (e.g. Plat, cos KOXOP often) when cos is inserted. vficbv heopai . . . ditpoao-apepovs : cf. Aeschin. de F. L. § 1 beopai vpcop . . . VTroXoyi^opepovs, ib. § 7, 8 Vjjicbv . . . prjbep TrpoKarey- vcoKoras. Isocr. 15 § 17 beopai vpcop . . . epOvpovpepovs, ib. 14, § 6 beopeO' ovv vpcop . . . epQvprjOepras, Dem. de F. L. § 1; and for the change of case, the second word being put in the Accus. (instead of Gen. or Dat.) to suit the Infin., cf. § 109 below, ri vpip VTVOXOLTTOP €

virovoelv ra \ey6peva, i view what is said with suspicion.5 Phot, and Hesych. explain vTTOTrrevco by virovocb. In § 139 virovoelv = to conjecture, a sense which {moTrrevcD also has. prjpara Oiqpeveiv, 'to catch up my words.' Imitated by A. from 6 § 18 dvdyKX) . . . Srjpevetv KOL eVt orpiKpbv virovoeiv ra \ey6peva, but Ant. used vnovoelv as Andocides does § 139. Cf. Plat. Theaet. 166 c, ovopdrwv . . . B-qpevaeis, where again the usage is different, ovopdrav being descriptive of Brjpevo-eis ; ib. Gorg. 489 B. St. Luke xi. 54, evedpevovres avrbv drjpevaaL TI CK TOV aroparos. Cicero pro Caecina § 51, si verba inter nos aucupabimur ; cle Or at. i. 236, leguleius auceps syllabarum.

§ 10. TTp&Tov pev 7T€pl avrrjs Trjs alrias . . . 7rep\ TCOV p. Here irep\ ra>v p. is in apposition to nepl av. TT)S alrias. Mr. Hickie wishes to insert dra Se before the second ire pi. But (1) this would not describe what A. proceeds to do ; for he deals with the Mysteries at the same time as the atria, and the refutation of the charge is involved in his narration of the informations about the Mysteries. (2) Though irpwrov pev has no corresponding particle, this is natural, as A. at once deals with this first point. Then at § 29 he resumes this irparov pev with nepl pev rSv pvo-rrjplcov, again stating that the evSei^ts arises out of the Mysteries. This new pev is again left unanswered till § 34, where both § 10 and § 29 are dismissed in irepl de rcov dvaSrjpdrav. That this refers back to § 10 is clear from ticrirep Ka\ vireo-)(6pr)v vplv . . . it- dpxqs yap vpds StSa^co, the promise having been made § 8-10. So irpcbros pev ovros § 13 is resumed in Trpcor-q pev § 14, and both are dismissed in hevrepa roivvv, § 15 ; cf. § 120. This hurrying from point to point, as each occurs to him, is characteristic of A. ovre poi r)fyefir)rai. The agent is very often in the Dat. with the Perf. Pass., but rarely with other parts. Kiihner Gr. § 427 c quotes Time. 1, 51, rols KepKvpaioLs . . . oi>x ioop&vro. The Dat. in this use contains also the force of an Ethic Dat. ' It shows that the act is done not merely by, but also for a person.5 As every Athenian was in the habit of acting and speaking in his own interest, the agent is regularly in the Dat. with verbs akin to rrpdrrco and \eyco in the Perf. Pass., but only when the subject is impersonal. E.g. Thuc. 6, 101 avrols et-eipyacrro, ib. 6, 2 Troirjra'is e'tp-qrai, ib. 7, 62 rjplv eo-Keppeva rjrolpao-rai. Meisterhans, p. 172. Yet viro with Gen., even with this class of verbs, is fairly common. E.g. below § 56, Thuc. 8, 11; NOTES. 109

8, 22. Lys. 14 § 19. Dem. de F. L. § 9. In Isocr. it occurs several times. E.g. 5 §§ 79 and 138 ; 6 § 60 ; 7 § 60 ; 12 §§ 74 and 127 ; 15 §§ 16 and 74. Contrast §§ 33, 55, 63, 71, 106 of this speech; de Red. § 19. With verbs other than irpaTTOD and Aeya> and their kindred words, VTTO with Gen. is common, even if the nom. to the verb is impersonal. E.g. Thuc. 5, 42 ILdvaKrov Ka6rjpr]}xevov VTTO rwv Boicorcov, ib. 6, 96. Meisterhans p. 182 KarafiefBpcoiJLevos VTTO TOV lov. Isocr. 6 § 30, 12 § 237 rots' VTTO TCDV aXktov yeypa/xfievoLs, for which rcov rois aWoLs yeypajifievcov occurs immediately afterwards. (In both passages the case of the partic. seems to influence the con­ struction of the agent. Cf. de Bed. § 28 Note.) Ib. 15 §§ 10, 54. Letter 2 § 12. Aristoph. 57 rrjv V7r7 ifxov jjiefxayfjLevrjVj where the metre would allow ipoi. If the subject of the perf. pass, is personal, VTTO and gen. is the regular construction. E.g. below §§ 25, 113. Thuc. 5, 40 rovs Boiarovs TveTreio-dai VTTO TCOV AaKedaifiovicov. Ib. 5, 60 ; 7, 85 ; 8, 56. Lys. 1 § 46 ; 28 § 17; 30 § 32 ; 32 §§ 3 and 10. Isocr. 5 § 137; 15 §§ 28, 33, 144. Aeschin. v. Gtes. § 30. fjLejjLTjvvTaL. The ^WO-LS is a private information to the Ecclesia (£v T(S Sq/xft)) or the Boule (els rrjv (3ov\r)v) given by a woman, slave, metic, or male citizen shrinking from bringing an ela-ayyeXia. See §§ 14, 17, 20 Notes.

§§ 11-139. Narration Proof and Refutation. § 11. rjv iKKXrjcria rols o-Tparrjyo'ls. An extraordinary Assembly (avyKXrjros eKKk-qo-ia) summoned by the Prytanes at the request of the Strategi to settle details connected with the expedition. Thuc. says nothing of this Assembly, but this may be that to which he refers in 6, 27 (see below). No mention is made here of Androcles' elaayyeXla almost at the same time in the Boule ; but it is implied in § 27. No other authorities mention Pythonicus or Andromachus. See § 14, note. a$€iav, leave granted to a person to make a statement to Ecclesia or Boule without incurring those penalties to which he would render himself liable without it. It was required by Metics (e.g. Teucrus § 15), slaves (e.g. Andromachus) and women (e.g. Agariste § 16), since they had not the right of speaking before Ecclesia or Boule; and lastly, by a male citizen who offered to give information about any crime in which he was himself implicated. Hence A. had to obtain abeta (de Red. § 23. See Append.). Cf. Thuc. 6, 27 irpoa-eTi €yjsr](f)L(TapTO e'l ris aX\o TL oibev aore/3^jLtd yeyevqjxevov \ir\vveiv dbecos TOP 110 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

(3ov\6fxevov. For the abeia required by a man before proposing the restoration of an art/xos, or the remission of a debt to the state, see §77. ft> iyco Ke\eva) SC. vfias yj/r](j)icrao-6ai.

§ 12. i^apvov OVTOS. This is the only Adj. which in prose is often followed by an Accus., and in this construction et/xt or yiyvo\iai is always found with it. E.g. Lys. 32 § 20 ra /xeV e^apvos yevecrdai, ra 8e SjjLoXoyrjcras 3i\£iv. Cf. ib. 13 § 32. Isocr. 18 § 13, rrjv dlairav e^apvov elvai. Isaeus 5 § 26. It may also take nepi with Gen. as Isocr. 17 § 7, or the simple Gen., as ib. 21 § 3. eVi TO pLGLpaKLoV) ad petenclum, as in eVt 6rjpav levai. 'A. aura ovpfia r\v. Cf. § 16; Isaeus 6 § 20. The name is always in the same case as ovopa. See Kriiger Gr. 48, 3, 6. on . . . yiyvoiro . . , ehai. The change from on or cos to Accus. and Inf. is very common. E.g. Thuc. 5, 61 eXcyov on OVK opOcos at arirovbal KCU yevoivro, Kal vvv airrecrOai -^pr]vaL. lb. 5, 69, 1. Kiihner Gr. § 550, 3 remarks that 'the opposite change is far rarer Thuc. 5, 65 ; 8, 78.' In the latter passage Thuc. has (1) &s, (2) Accus. and Inf., (3) on, all after biefiocov.

§ 13. aTreypayj/e. See § 15 Note. ILoKvo-Tparos. Harp. S. V. alriav e^wv rovs 'Ep/xas irepiKo^ai dv- XipkQt] VTTO 'AOrjvaicov. ONOMATA. The following names appear in a fragment of an Inscription (Hicks' Hist. Inscr. No. 55), giving the accounts of the sale of the Hermocopids' goods : Axiochus, Adimantus, Euphiletus, Oeonias, Panaetius, Polystratus, Oephisodorus. Of these, Oeonias, Panaetius and Polystratus appear in Andromachus' list, Cephisodorus in Teucrus' Mysteries list, Axiochus and Adimantus in Agariste's, Euphiletus in Teucrus' and Andocides' list of Hermocopids.

§ 14. £rjrr)Tj)s. Special commissioner, such as were occasionally appointed to examine evidence, and investigate serious crimes. Photius s. V. ctpxy TLS ,A6r]vrjo'Lv rj Kara Kctipovs mOiara/ievr), e'l jrore rovs dbiKovvras n hrjpocria deoi fyrelv. Others were and Pisander (see § 36). This is the only example known. Cf. the extraordinary functions given to the consuls and curule aediles with regard to the Bacchanal conspiracy, B.C. 186. Livy 39, 14. See Att. Proc. § 112. NOTES. Ill

elarjyyeikev. (1) The dvayyeXia might be introduced either in the Boule or Ecclesia eVi brjiioo-Lots adiKrjfiaari fieyLcrTois . . . e(£' ols fjLrjre dpftrj Ka6e(TTr)K€ pjqrs vo\ioi KtivTai (Harp.), reraKrai iirl TCOV dypdcj)cov brjfxoo-lcov adou]\xdrcov (Pollux). 0. R. Kennedy translates it 'Impeachment/ It is made publicly, whereas the p^wcris is a private information by a slave or metic, or woman, or by a citizen not inclined to bring an dcrayyekia. This distinction is not always kept up between dcr. and \xr\v. The former, in a wider sense, includes the latter. See § 42, Note. Meier and Schomann Att. Proc. § 261 quote Lys. 13 § 50 f) Kpto-is rjv eKplBt) (Agoratus) eVt TCOV TpiaKOVTa KCU dcpeldrj, diappfjbrjv Xeyei' 8tort, (prjatv, edot-e rdXrjdrj elaayye'ikai. In § 49 of that speech KciTep,r]Vvcre is used of Agoratus' information. The author of the elcrayyikia became prosecutor in a trial arising out of his do-ayyeXia. See § 17 Note. But* a fx-qwrrfs did not act as prosecutor. His \IT\VVCTIS was merely put in as evidence. There was also another elo-ayyekia before the chief archon for KaKcoo-is yovecov. Cf. § 74, and cle Red. § 21 Note. (2) It must, however, be noticed that do-fjyytiXev is used here and in § 27 in a loose sense. For Pythonicus merely made a declaration that he was prepared to bring forward a pirjvvTrjs, and would not in a trial in a biKaarrjpiov arising out of this [ir)vvo~is act as prosecutor. He only applies for abeia for a slave. Still A. uses the term of Pythonicus because it was clearly to him that the first charge against Alcibiades was due. It was on this ground Pythonicus afterwards claimed the reward (§ 27). So in § 18 A. uses TOV i^eXdaavra of Speusippus, whereas those who fled into exile strictly speaking ecfivyov enl rf) Avbov fjLTjvvaei.

§ 15. TevKpos. See § 34 Note, /xerotKo?, Hesych. ol ivoiKovvrts £evoi (whence 0. R. Kennedy trans. ' denizens') rfj noXei KCU re- XOVVTES dva hpa^}xas ScoSeKa TOV iviavTov els TO drjpLocriov. Phot. S. V. p,eToiKiov' 6 p,ev dvr)p b&SeKa Spaxfids eVeAet fxtToiKiov, f) be yvvrj (i.e. if independent) e£. Manumitted slaves become peroiKoi. Aristoph. Eq. 347 has KCLTO. f-evov /Lterot/cov, ££vos being added as a depreciatory epithet. Cf. § 144 below, £evov KCU ^TOLKOV. Every ft. was bound to choose a irpoo-TdTr}$ (irpoo-TciTrjv eTnypafyevScu). The King Archon (who corresponds to the Praetor Peregrinus) had the care of metics and before him cases of dirpoo-Tacrlov (failing to obtain a ^poo-rar^s1), and diroo-Tao-lov (leaving one) were tried. See L. $ 8. s. vv. In Tragedy 112 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

fx. = one who has migrated, with no political reference. Schol. on 0, 0. 934 el jxr] [i. rrjcr&e rrjs x^Pas ^Xets etvat (3la. Suidas s. V. quotes Ag. 57 yaov 6(;vfi6av rcovSe /x., and both note that fi. = €voiKos. Dindorf explains /x. ' qui sede sua expulsus in alium locum migrat.5 Of. Eumen. 999. iTrayytWerai. vTrL(Txyelrai^ Pollux. ^r-q^Lcraixevrjs. Blass points out that the substance of this vote was that messengers should be sent to Megara to fetch Teucrus, promising him that if he came a vote of adeca should be passed. yap explains yjrr)(j)i(rafi€vr]s. The rule with regard to a fi-qwcrLs or elo-ayyeXia made before the Boule was that the Boule might not decide any case itself, if the penalty to be imposed exceeded 500 drachmae. In this case, therefore, the Boule would certainly in ordinary circumstances have referred at once to a heliastic court (cf. § 17), or "to the Ecclesia ; but it was given full power to act by the Ecclesia itself. See note on § 28, where it is shown that Teucrus was probably induced to come forward by Androcles. It was certain that out of a firji/vo-is with regard to the profanation of the Mysteries any case which arose must involve a higher penalty than a fine of 500 drachmae. A. explains how it was that the Boule consented to receive and decide upon such a fi^vvcris as Teucrus proposed to make. avTOKpdrcop. On special occasions officials were made irresponsible, e.g. the three generals of the Sicilian Expedition. Ordinarily all officials were vnevdwoi, including the Bouleutae. Aeschin. v. Gtes. § 20 TT)V (3. virevSwov iT€7TOLr)K.€j/ 6 vop.oSeTr]s. See § 78, Note on evdv vai. aTroypd(j)€i. The word a7roypa(fir) has three uses : (1) a Denuncia­ tion, as here; (2) a solemn Declaration, as Dem. 27 § 14 direypayj/e ravra rrpog QrjpLirTrtdrjv c^ovTa iavrov; (3) an Inventory, as Isocr. 17 § 49. This general sense is closely connected with a special sense of an information against a man declared to be in possession of pro­ perty belonging to the State.

§ 16. 77 yvvfj. i The wife of A., who had also been wife of Damon, I mean Agariste, gave information that A. A. and A. celebrated the Mysteries in the house of Charmides near the temple.' avrq is epanaleptic, resuming the sentence after the parenthesis. Gf. Isaeus 1 § 28 KkeotjVViJLos §' os r\v TJJJUP OIKCLOTCLTOS . . . OVTOS K.T.X, Isocr. NOTES. 113

4 § 36, ib. 14 § 25. Kriiger Gr. § 51, 5, 1 quotes Aristoph. Thes. 150 xpf] TOL 7roir)Tr]v avbpa npbs ra dpdfxara a del irotelv, 7rpos ravra TOVS rpoTTovs e'x*w. It most commonly occurs where a relative has preceded. Cf. the use of ravr' ovv to resume a participle after a paren­ thesis,—e.g. Thuc. 7, 42 : 6 Se Arjfiocrdevrjs ISGDV COS e?xe r" Trpdyfiara . .. ravra ovv avao-Koir&v 6 A. 0/". Dem. de F. L. § 49. r# 7rapa ro 'OiXvpLTrielov. Cf. § 62 roz> 7rapa TO cf). A verb of motion is not necessary with 7rapa in this use. It denotes ' what one sees when one goes past' the place. Dr. Jebb. Krtiger Gr. § 68, 36, 2. Bat Kara is the ordinary word in this sense.

§ 17. 2. de fiovXevcov K.TX. ' $., then a member of the Senate, proposed to hand them over to the proper court,' i.e. the court of the King Archon. For the use of the pres. tense to express an attempt not carried out, cf. Dem. (?) 29 § 17 ovd\efjiov 7rapabi86vros (rbv tralda) TrapaXafielv r)6e\r)o-ev, quoted by Kiihner Gr. § 382, 6. He shows that the Pres. and Imperf. is only used in this manner when the verb itself contains the notion of intention to do a thing, as well as the deed itself. Cf. Aristoph. Pax 408 irpoUhorov TYJV lEXAaba, ' are ready to betray.' So ck'Sa>/xi often = I offer. r<5 du<.ao-Tr)pi(*>. The ordinary action for the (3ov\f) to take when an elaayyeXia was made by one of its members, or a p,r)vvans laid before it, was (1) if the case seemed slight, to deal with it, and impose a fine, limited to 500 drachmae ; (2) (more often) if the case seemed serious, to refer it to the heliasts, the trial also being called elo~ay- yeXia (just as A.?s case would be called evbeiijis, as it arises out of an %v. before the King Archon). Cf. Pollux s. v. elcrayyeXla* KOV fiev fxerpia ddacelv Sour], f) (3ov\rj iroielrai £r}p.ias €7ri(3o\r]v, av de /xei£o), irapablbaxn hiKaarripico; (3) refer the case to the Ecclesia, which in turn did not usually settle the matter, but referred it to the heliasts, as it usually did also when an elo-ayye\ia or firjwo-is was laid before it in the first instance. Dobree, not understanding Trapabidao-i above, asks how Speusippus could act as he did, and G-rote, Glc. Hist, vii., p. 44, Note, is even inclined to doubt the statements of A. altogether ; but on insufficient grounds. There is nothing extraordinary so far. Lydus made his [MTJWO-IS to the fiovXr). Speusippus, a Senator, having heard the p,r)wo~Ls iv aTropprjTcp, proposed in the Boule that the case should go to the heliasts. He included Leogoras among those to be tried, though the latter denied that he had

H 114 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS. been in the house of Ph. at all (§ 22), and even Lydus admitted that he had taken no part in the mock celebration. The injustice was so great that Leogoras adopted an extreme course, and gave notice of a ypa

Speusippus was apparently carried when Leogoras i>7ra>/ioo-ei>. Also the v7rcofxoorla only affected Leogoras himself. The other persons would have been tried before the heliasts, had they not fled as soon as they heard they were attacked by Speusippus. ev iijaKurxi^Lois. For this use of iv = coram, cf. §§ 37, 102, 122, Kuhner Gr. § 431, 1. This case is tried before the whole number of heliasts for the year—6000. It is so extraordinary that Grote doubts the statement. A. is guilty of many falsehoods, no doubt; but we cannot suppose that he lies merely animi causa. Further, Lipsius on Att. Proc. Bk. n. § 139, points out that all the heliasts of the year who were initiated tried the question of the assignment of the rewards (§ 28). A court of 2500 heliasts occurs Dinarch. v. Dem. § 52, of 2000 Lys. 13 § 38. ovbe biaKocrias. This is not surprising, since Speusippus had made a grossly illegal proposal, and Leogoras had lately been declared innocent of the mutilation of the Hermae as well. Isocr. 18 § 54 mentions a case where a man obtained no votes in a court of 700, though he had 14 witnesses, since the girl to whose death he swore was produced alive in court. § 18. OL ecpvyov. They fled ' in consequence of Lydus' information,' but they have to thank Speusippus that flight became necessary ; for they knew that if they were arrested with a view to their trial, death awaited them. Cf. the case of Polystratus § 13, Thuc. 6, 60 6 ftrjiJLOs xa^€Tr°s Vv TOTC Kal v7ro7rTr]S es rovs TreoX rav (AVCTTLKOOV rr)v ah lav Xaftovras. ib. rovs KaratnaOevras Kpicreis noirjo-avres rovs fxiv diretcreivav ocroi £vv

bvolv TOIV fxeyio-roiv. Shilleto on Dem. de F. L. § 166 : ' In an affirmative sentence we must say " to fail in one of two things," but in a negative, " not to fail in both of two things," obviously implies to succeed in one or the other.' In an affirm, sentence ddrepov is necessary, cf. de Red. § 7, de Pace § 28 Set bvolv Bdrepov ekecrBai: below § 57 : Lys. 12 § 34 ; Isaeus 1 § 22 bvolv rolv evavricordroiv Bare pa [see § 71] fieXXovres. bvolv B. is also used parenthetically, e.g. [Lys.] 6 § 8, Isocr. 15 § 197. In a neg. sentence Bdrepov is not required. Thuc. 1, 33 p,r)be bvolv

§ 21. o7rov [av] ejieXXev. Goodwin M. and T. § 61, 2. Dobr. Blass and Lips, reject av. It is a mere repetition by a copyist from the preceding words, and would be contrary to Greek use. Gf. tva and 07rG>s with secondary tenses of Indie, Goodwin § 44, 3. Even with the Subjun. there is a tendency to omit av with relative and temporal words. See Kuhner, Gr. § 398, 2, 2.

§ 22. dXXd yap, at enim. See Kuhner Or. § 509, 8 a. There is no ellipse in this phrase, yap strengthens dXXd. fiavavivai TCL dvhpdiroha. On Torture, see 0. E. Kennedy Demosth. vol. iii. p. 382 : 'The most common of all challenges \7vpoKkr](rets\ were proposals for giving up slaves to be examined by torture." No man could examine a slave without his adversary's consent. There is no example of comments on answers drawn from slaves, and the challenge was made merely to enable the man who made it to com­ ment on his adversary's refusal to give up the slave. Dem. 30 § 37 fid&avov aKpifteo-rdrrjv iracrav irla-recov voui^ere, imitated from Isaeus 8 § 12 vfAzls }iev rolvvv Kal I8ia Kal ftrjfjLocrla (3do~avov aKpi(3eo-rarov eXey^ov vofxl^ere. Gf. Isocr. 17 § 54 Spa be V/JLCZS Kal ire pi roov Id lav KOL nepl rcov brjfJiooricQV ovbev nio-rorepov ov$ dXrjBeorrepov (3acrdvov vofiifavras. Aristoph. Ban. 628, Antiphon 5 § 31, however, throw doubt on the efficacy of torture to extract the truth. The truth on the question appears in Aristot. Bhet. 1, 15, 26 idv re vndpx<*o~iv oiKelac (at (3do~avoi) av^eiv ecrnv on dXr]6e7s uovat rcov p,aprvpicov elalv avrat' idv re VTrevavriai cixn Kal fierd rod dpiifiio-firjrovvros, diaXvot av ns raXrjOr] Xeycov Ka6' oXov rov yevovs ra>v j3ao~dvcov. rovs p,h napabibovras. ' Those who offered to give them up.' See § 17 Note. fir} ^BeXovras. Kutherford New Phryn. p. 416. The editors vary between the spelling /XT) BeXeiv and /xr) 'BeXeiv. For BeXeiv in a common phrase, Aeschin. v. Gtes. § 57 K&V OL re Seol fleXcoo~i. TL vTreXeiirero. i.e. ' Speusippus would surely have made some use of my information to force me to give evidence against my father at the trial: he did not refer to it: therefore I cannot have informed.'

§ 23. fxrj on eprj. i I do not say by me against another, but even by any one else against me.' yar) on . . . dXXd Kal, 'not only . . • 118 ANDOCIDES BE MYSTERIIS. but also,' is an alternative for ovx on . . . dXka teal. This affirmative use must be distinguished from (I) the negative use of firj or 1 = 'not only not,' 'so far from,' an alternative for ovx OTTCOS in the same sense, Lys. 30 § 26; (2) JJLTJ 6Vt...aXX> ovbe, both members being negative, Aeschin. V. Ctes. § 46 p,r) yap on 7T6\LS, aXX' ovb' av Ibiwrrjs ovbe els', K.T.X. (3) /x^ on — nedum. Xen. JEM. 2, 3, 35, of the excuse of the Generals for not rescuing the wrecked sailors after Arginusae bia rbv x^Lil^)Va ovbe irKelv, p,rj on dvaipelcrOai, rovs avbpas bvvarbv rjv. Kiihner Gr. § 525. 6 ftovXofjLevos, 'any one who chooses/ Thuc. 5, 27, 2 K j3ovXo/xeVo). Thuc. 5, 28. The Article is here generic—a post-Homeric use.

§ 24. 'Therefore, just as you would be indignant with me, and would determine to impose a heavy penalty, if these charges they brought against me were true, so I request you, since you know that they lie, to think them unscrupulous and to use this as a.proof, namely, that if they are evidently convicted of lying in the gravest of the charges, I shall of course easily prove that the rest of their charges, which are much lighter, are false.' The proof that they are unscrupulous is that I have already shown the most serious charge to be false, and of course shall be able to disprove the rest. irovr]povs. The word is synonymous with p,oxOrjpos : the lexico­ graphers explain them by one another, and they are interchanged in describing the same person. They are the opposite of KOXQS Kaya66s: Isocr. 15 § 100 ra>v fxev KOXCOV Kayadwv . . . el be rives rrovrjpol ye- yovavi : and of xp^crrds, Aristoph. Eg. 1274 Xoiboprjo-ai rovs irovrjpovs ovbev ear' eTri^Bovov, dXXa rip,}} roto~t xp^o'rots. The original meaning of 7rovr)p6$ is ' toiling,' as Hes. Frag. 152 irovriporaros KOI apio-ros, and with poxQrjpos it was early used by Athenian Aristocrats to describe the lower classes. Hence the two words acquired a political signification when persons of mean birth began to enter into politics and they meant 'radical,' whereas the Aristocrats used KOXOS KayaOos and xPWT^s *° describe themselves. Prior to 400 B.C. the bad terms were only used of the extreme democrats : this must be borne in mind when Aristoph. Vesp. 466 makes the Chorus address Bdelycleon as a> ir6va> Trovrjpe, in jest. As irovr]p6s was supposed to be the fitting epithet for an unscrupulous demagogue, a moral sense became attached NOTES. 119 to it and its opposites, and began to predominate after 400 B.C. Hence Lys. 12 § 5 uses novrjpos of the Thirty, and the words can henceforward be used indiscriminately of any party according to the writer's opinion of its motives. For the meaning 'violent] see Aristoph. JEq. 181 irovr)pbs K&£ dyopas et ml 6pao~us. Alcibiades uses it twice of the Athenian democracy—(1) in his speech at Sparta, Thuc. 6, 89 dXXoi 8' rjo-av KOL iirl TCOV rrdXat KOL VVV ol iiri 7rovr}poTepa ii-rjyov TOV ox^ov : (2) in his overtures to the fleet at Samos, Thuc. 8, 47 OTL eV okiyapxi-a fiovXerai KOL ov Trovrjpiq ovbe brjpoKpaTiq . . . KCLTeXOwv . . . £vfjL7ToXiTeveLV. Cf. Isocr. 15 § 316 rols pev KaXols KayaOois . . . £(j)66vr]o-av, novrjpcov S' dvOpatrcov ml pcoTcov 6pao"UTr)TOs €7T€0i>fjLr)o-av. One instance of the words as applied to an extreme democrat must suffice, viz. Hyperbolus : Aristoph. Eq. 1303 dvbpd poxOrjpov 7TOXLTT)V, ogivrjv 'YirepfioXov. Pax 682, et at. Thuc. 8, 73, fY. fjioxOrjpbv avOpconov, coo-TpaKiopevov bid irovqpiav. Plut. Ale. 13 ; ib. Aristid. 7 poxOrjpia and novrjpos applied to him; ib. Nic. 11 bid ILoxQrjpLav. For the confusion of morality with politics thus implied, cf. the treatise de Bep. Athen. i. 1-10, 14. At Athens, says the writer, TOVS pev xPr)°"rovs aripov&i, rovs be Trovrjpovs av£ovo~t,v. Cf. the history of' villain.'

§ 25. eVt rots p. The original, not immediate, cause of their flight. qbevyovres. The tense is always kept: (^evyeiv—to be "in exile, cf>vy€lv = to be exiled,, ol 6° fjitovo-i, i.e. having returned under the General Amnesty of 403 B.C. rJKco, redii, stands here as the Perfect of Karepxofxai. For this use cf. Aristoph. Pax 275 : and that TJKCO could be used in this way is clear from Euripides' objection to Aeschylus in Ran. 1157 rJKon be ravrov ion ra mrepxopai, and Aeschylus' answer ib. 1165 cj)€vycov 6° dvrjp rJK€L re KOX Karepxerat, though in these places rJKco —venio, rather than veni as here. Cf. §§ 35 and 40.

§ 26. iv T© ipS Xdya), i.e. iv rat epco vbari, (during the time allotted to me.' Dem. de P. L. § 64, cf. Isocr. 18 § 51 ovb> hv bis TOOOVTOV vbcop imvbv bir)yr)oao-6ai yevoiro. Cf. §§ 35 and 36. Xprjoraode pot o n /3. ' Treat me as you choose,' inflict any punishment you like ; cf. [Lys.] 6 § 32 vvvl irapabebwKev avrbv xpw6ai o TL av fiovXrjoOe, ov TOO pr) dbiKelv iriorevoav, dXX: vno baipoviov TLVOS dyopevos dvdyKrjs. 120 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

7rapaxcopoo, SG. rod (Brjparos. Of. Isocr. 15 § 100 irapax^poa KCU TO> Karrjyopco KCU TCO ftovkopevcd) ib.1%11 Trapa^wpci) reus f$ov\op.evois.

§ 27. KciTci TO K. -v^. Thuc. 6, 27 peyciXois prjvvrpois . . . efyrovvro. Apparently the reward proposed by Oleonymus did not produce satisfactory information : hence Pisander proposed a larger one. Tleio-avbpov. P. took a leading part in the investigation. He was one of the £771-77™ (§ 36), and was very bitter against those denounced (§ 44). At this time he professed himself an advanced democrat; hence his eagerness against the conspirators in an oligarch plot. He was among the greatest enemies of Andocicles, and had him arrested in 411. He probably had something to do. with the Psephism of Isotimides (de Bed. § 27), by which A. was practically banished in 415. That his aims were purely selfish is evident from the leading part he took in 412 B.C., in overthrowing the democracy. See Lys. 25 §§ 8 and 9. ov Qpvvixos p,ev KCL\ lieio-avbpos . . . €7reibr) TTOXXCL els vpas i^rjpaprov, rets 7T€pl TOVTCOP beicravres npcoplas rr]V irporepav oXiyap^lav Kare- o-T-qo-av ; For his burly person and cowardice, see Holden Onomast. Aristoph. s. v. In the winter of 412 B.C. he urged at Athens that Alcibiades should be recalled, though, in 415, he had acted against him. Isocr. 16 § 4 hia rovs avrovs avdpas fj re drjpoKparla KareXvOrj KCLKCIVOS (Alcibiades) e/c rrjs -rroXecos e^eirevev. (For the perversion of the true course of events in that passage, see Grote Gk. Hist. vii. p. 274 Note,) On the overthrow of the Four Hundred, P. fled to Decelea, and his proj3erty was confiscated. UvdoviKos . . . 'AvbpoKkris. Above §11, Pythonicus' elcrayyeXia was made in the Ecclesia. The first fx^woris A. speaks of to the Boule is that of Teucrus. A. keeps Anclrocles in the background ; yet he must have done much to collect evidence, especially after the departure of Alcibiades for Sicily. He was very active in securing Alcibiades' banishment. Thuc. 8, 65. Plut. Ale. 19 hovKovs rivets KCU peroUovs irpo^yayev 'Avt)poK\r)s, and they denounced Alcibiades among others. In the statement of Isocr. 16 §§ 5 and 6, ol iinfiov- Xevcravres rco t)f)pcp . . . elcrrjyyeXXop els rrjv (3ov\r)v, Androcles must be included, though he was certainly not among those who subverted the democracy in 411 B.C., as his murder was among the first of the conspirators' acts. But, as already pointed out, the facts are in­ geniously distorted by Isocrates to suit his client. 7rpcoros elcrayyeTXcu. See § 14 Note, and cf. the similar position of NOTES. 121

Demosthenes, Dinarch. v. Bern. § 95 (quoted by Lipsius), iv rfj €KK\r)oria . . . Trpoordycov KCU KaraaKevd^cov tyevbrj p,r}WTr]V a>s iirifiov- kevofjt,€va)V rcov P€G>pi(dV, ypd(pcov fxev ovbev, alrlas 6" evetta rod napovTos ayfbvos Trapao-Kevafav. virep rrjs fiovXrjs. Grote Gh. Hist. vii. p. 34 : 'Androkles con­ tended that the Senate collectively ought to receive the money—a strange pretension, which we do not know how he justified.7 But (1) Androcles could have no possible motive in claiming a reward for every Senator. (2) If he won in the biadiKao-la, each Senator would have received 120 obols, if the larger reward were assigned to them ; 12 obols, if the smaller—a ridiculous claim to refer to all the heliasts of the year who were initiated ; and in either case, the share falling to Androcles would not have sufficed to pay his fees (7rpvrav€la)y so that, in order to present each Senator with a few shillings, he would have been out of pocket. (3) The expression is possibly a Brachylogy for vnep TTJS els rrjv fiovXrjv elo-ayyekias. [More probably vnep is confused with irepi.—A. W. S.] This confusion is common in Demosth. See Kiihner Gr. § 450 h. Androcles stood in the same relation towards the Boule as Pythonicus towards the Ecclesia. Both made their statements nearly at the same time : hence both claimed the money. But the heliasts decided that those whom they had induced to come forward, being the inqwra'^ should have the fjLrjvvrpa. It was not customary to reward any man for an elaayyeXla (which would have put a premium on orvKofyavria) ; but a prjWTr}? had before him payment, if his information were believed, death, if it were proved false.

§ 28. iv rw TCOV 6. bLKGo-Trjpico. The Thesmothetae (six minor Archons) had extensive judicial functions, since they presided in all cases not specially allotted to other magistrates. Pollux 8, 85-88. Their court was in the Agora. It is noticeable that in 415 B.C. they presided in two extraordinary courts, (1) the whole of the heliasts who were initiated, to try this diadtKao-ta; (2) the whole of the heliasts in the case of Leogoras v. Speusippus, as ypa

§ 29. 'irepl fjiev TS>V . . . irepl be TCDV dvadrjfidTcov. The regular, but not universal, order when a preposition occurs with 6 jxev or 6 de is that the particle should follow the preposition immediately, e.g. Isocr. 2 § 18 Iva TCIS jJLev (fievyaxri, 7Tpbs de ras irpoOvfioTepov e^oo-ii/. ib. 3 § 33; 4 § 151 ; 5 § 80; 17 § 13. See also Kiihtier Gr. § 528, 1. Thuc. 6, 76, 4 has ol p,ev in a remarkable position. ol fMefivrjfjLei/oc. Schomann Antiq. of Greece (Eng. Trans.) ' The NOTES. 123

State ' p. 476 : l For the trial of certain classes of cases only Heliastae of a specified category could sit: e.g. to try cases of violation of the mysteries, only persons who had been initiated.' aTToftebeiKTai fxoi. See § 10 Note. Here the Ethic force of the Dat. is clear. (1) 0VT€ . . . OVTC . . . 0VT€ . . . Ov8e. Of. § 10. (2) OVT€ . . . 0VT€ . . . ovbe. A climax is always reached in ovde. For (1) cf. Plato Bep. 426 B ; for (2) Thuc. 8, 27. Of also Thuc. 8, 21. (The last passage, however, does not justify Dr. Jebb in writing /u?)re . . . firjTe , . , fjLTjbe . . . fi-qbi. Translations Ed. ii. p. 321.) For the emphatic position of ovhk ev cf. Thuc. 2, 51, ev re ovde ev Karecrrr) 'lapa. ol XoyoL rwv Karriyopcdv . . . TOVTCOV OVV. An anacoluthon, charac­ teristic of A.'s impulsive style. For TOVTCOV OVV, see § 16 Note. dvcop6la£ov. Harp, and Suidas quote this passage, and explain a. as avTi TOV opdiov (3OCOVT€S, i.e. ' as regards the tales of my accusers, who declaimed these terrible blood-curdling stories, and told tales about others who in former times, for having been guilty of sins and impiety against the goddesses, paid one and all a heavy penalty—well, what have I to do with these tales or deeds ?' With dvop6id£eiv cf. the use of Tpaycohelv in Demosth. \6yovs eiTrov. Here \6yos=a story, which may be true or false, but suggests the mythical; cf. Xoyorroico, below § 54, de Pace § 35 TO, 8' OVK OVTCL XoyOTTOLelv COS €CTTtV. LyS. 16 § 11 XoyOTTOlOVVTaS KOLl ^evbo/xevovs. Lexx. quote Aristoph. Pax 148 firj . . . ^vpiiribrj \6yov 7rapdo-XJ)s, i.e. a plot; cf. Lycurg. § 23 Iva /AT) \6yov o'lrjo-de elvai, d\\7 eldrJTe TTJV akrjOeiav. So [xvdos = an anecdote, or a dramatic plot. Archer-Hind on Phat. Phaed. 61 B, l\6yos in its wider sense in­ cludes fivdosJ cos . . . ola. For this frequent irregularity, Shilleto, Dem. de F. L. § 213, quotes instances of superfluous cos or on ; cf. Plat. Gorg. 481 D, quoted by Kiihner Gr. § 550, 1, 3, alo-6dvo\kai crov OTL . . . ou bvvafievov dvTiheyeiv. Xen. Cyr. 5, 3, 30. 7T6p\ TOO 6eco, i.e. Demeter and Persephone, worshipped in the Mysteries. Kiihner Gr. § 368, 3 2. rob, TOIV, Tcbde, Tolvbe, TOVTCO, TOVTOLV are common in gender. The dual Fern, forms of pronouns and participles are rare. Soph. Antig. 770, Aristoph. Thesm. 950. TO. and Talv are not Attic prose forms. Isocr. 4 § 41 (rob 71-0X77 TOVTCQ). See § 144 Note. In Athens, the oath vrj rob 6eco was used by women, e.g. Aristoph. Lys. 51, Eccles. 155. At Sparta, it was vai TOO o~icb9 and 124 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS. was a men's oath, denoting Castor and Pollux ; e.g. Lys. 1095, 1711, Pax 214. At Thebes it denoted Amphion and Zethus.

§ 30. av TavTr)$ a£ios § KCU TOVVOVTIOV opyrjv, av ToiavTa cfialvrjTai TieironqKcos, Troiela-de, where Shilleto remarks that ToiavTa = 6pyr)s a^ta (the notion being suggested by opyrjv). Archer-Hind, Plat. Fhaed. 80 c. The use is very common in Aristotle, and is one cause of the obscurity of his style. NOTES. 125

ftacravos . . . eXeyxos. ' For an inquiry is a terrible thing before those who know the facts ; but to me an examination is most pleasant in a matter wherein there is no need for me to obtain an acquittal (cf. § 144) by beseeching you or apologising on a charge of this sort, but rather by refuting the statements of my accusers and reminding you of the facts, since you have sworn a solemn oath with regard to the verdict you will give concerning me, and have bound yourselves under the greatest imprecations on yourselves and your own children that you will give a just decision in my case, and, in addition to this, have been initiated, and have seen the sacred relics of the two goddesses, in order that you may take vengeance on the impious and protect the innocent.' From Ka\ dpao~dpevoi to ra biKaia is superfluous, merely repeating what precedes. So eVi rfj ToiavTj] atria, fid&avos is here used as synonymous with eXeyxos, cf. de Bed. § 25. So fiacravi£eiv = i\€yxeiv Aristoph. Eq. 513. iraph rols elbocriv, i.e. Trapa TOLS pepvrjpevois. § 31. ol rives— qaipjpe qui. So os ye, e.g. Isaeus 1 § 26 and § 34. opKovs jjieydXovs dpocravres ottrere, 'have taken a solemn oath with regard to the verdict which you will give.5 The partic. is more important than the finite verb, as not unfrequently. Of. Sandys on Demosth. 45 § 72. Traio-l rols vperepois. See § 2, Note on TOVS opKovs. ra Upd. What these were is unknown. 0. Xv. Kennedy says ' solemn revelations assure the listeners, not only that sins duly expiated are forgiven, but that happier scenes await the departed good/ Of. Isocr. 4 § 28. tva TLficoprjo-qTc. ' In all the orators without exception ha is the favorite final particle proper. After historical tenses, Andoc. uses the Subj. more freely than the Opt. with ha, with Sir cos the Opt. alone.' Prof. Gildersleeve. TOVS prjbev dbiKovvras, ' the guilty' = oi dbiKovvres (not Aorist). Kiihner Gr. § 382 1, b. (pevyco, VIKCO, Kpara>, rjrrcopaL, Trpodlbcopi, and yiyvopai, are used in this manner.

§ 32. €7rio-Kr}7TT(D. Harp. s. V. iireo-K^aro. dvr\ TOV eVeKaXecre ^evbopaprvpicov . . . TO be iirio-KT]iTToy avr\ TOV perd TWOS iirideiao-pov Xeyco Kal olov i^opKi^co ^AvboKtbrjs re . . . Ka\ Av&ias . . . elprjKao-tv. For the first meaning, see note on § 7. For the meaning here, cf. Soph. 0. T. 252 vpiv airavra ravr7 eTno-KrjTrrco reXeh. Ajax 566, 126 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS. quoted by Suidas, who however explains the word wrongly. It is common in tragedy. Lys. 13 §§ 41, 42, 92, of the solemn behests of a dying man ; ib. 32 § 6 eTreo-Krjyj/e be, iav TL irdBrj, rdXavrov iiribov- vai rfj yvvaiKL. Cf. Pape Lex. s. v. virep TCOV 'JZWrjvcov. Much importance was attached by Athenians to the opinion which Greeks in general had of their city ; cf. below § 140. Hence, when strangers were at Athens in numbers, care "^as taken that nothing might happen to disgrace the city in their eyes. Oleon attacked Aristoph. for introducing a chorus of representatives of subject states of Athens grinding the mill of the Demos, in the Babylonians, produced at the Great Dionysia 426 B.C. The play awoke recollections of the fate of Mytilene, which had fallen in the previous year; cf. Acham. 502 ov yap pe vvv ye biafiaXel KXeW on | %evG>v Trapovrcov TI]V irokiv KUKCOS \eyco. Aristoph. was careful to pro­ duce his next play, the Acharnians, at the Lenaea, when no strangers were present; cf. Isocr. 8 § 14, [Lys.] 6 § 5 rlva yvaprjv o'levOe e^eiv . . . TOVS aWovs^EkXrjvas ol evena Tavrrjs rrjs eoprrjs (ep^ovrai) fj Sveiv els ravTY]v TTJV navqyvpiv (the Mysteries) fiovkopevoi fj Seapelv ; and in various parts of that speech the speaker refers to the horror of Greece in general at A.'s conduct.

§ 33. el be ovbev r)pdpTr]Tai poi. When ov follows el, (1) it negatives a single word, and with it forms one notion, as in OVK i6e\co = I refuse, ov Ke\ev(o = I forbid. Kuhner Gr. § 512, 3 ; cf. Lys. 13 § 76 iav pev (pdcrKrj $>pvvi-)(OV dfiroKTelvai, TOVTCOV pepvrjaOe . .. iav §' ov (fadcricr) epeade avrov—si igitur afjirmabit . . . quod si factum negaverit (Miiller): or (2) el = eW or on. Goodwin M. and T. § 47, 3, Note. Thompson Att. Syn. § 280. So here el be^inel be, and el is repeated so that the two clauses el pev and el be may exactly correspond. So Aeschin. V. Tim. § 112 el pev TOLVVV rjv 6 dycov ovroorl ivrroXei eKKkrjrco vpas av eycoye rjt-ltoo-a . . . el §' 6 dycov io~Tiv 'Adrjvrjaiv . . . ipol avapipvr)o~Keiv 7rpocrr)Kei, i.e. since the trial is at A. For el —on, see Dem. de Gor. § 28 el be (BovXevcov iyat 7rpocrdyeiv TOVS Trpecrfieis aprjv belv rovro pov biaftdXXei (see Cope, Arist. JKket. A. Append. C): or (3) the sentence is bi-membered, as below § 102, where see note : or (4) el=whether, in an indirect question, e.g. Plat. Rep. 353 A TTVV- Savopevos el ov TOVTO eK.do~Tov e'irj epyov. pr) perakd^r]. The ordinary penalties incurred by a prosecutor in a public action who failed to obtain a fifth of the votes were (1) a NO?ES. 127 fine of a thousand drachmae ; (2) partial ari\ila^ in that he was debarred from bringing similar actions (hence art/zco^). In the case of an action for darefieia he incurred an additional form of dripta, as he was forbidden under penalty of death to enter the temples of those deities whom he had wrongly accused his opponent of insulting. In the single case of an elaayyekta there was no penalty for such failure. See § 20 Note. TO 7T€^77T6V fiepos. For references to the consequences to oneself or the opposite side of failing to obtain this proportion of the votes, cf. Dem. 27 § 67 ; ib. § 69 ; 35 § 46.

§ 34. TGOV dvadrjiiaTcov TYJS IT., i.e. TGOV 'EpjXGov rr)s TT. as § 15 ; cf. 62. But in all other passages we have either (1) fj TGOV 'Epfibov TT. and equivalent phrases (Thuc. 6, 27. Plut. Ale. 18 and 21. ib. Nic. 13. Lys. 14 § 42. Diod. Sic. 13, 2,3. Aristoph. Lys. 1094. Hesych. s. v. Sp/jLOK07ribai, and Schol. on Aristoph. I. c.) ; Or (2) r\ TGOV dya\p,dTcov IT. (Thuc. 6, 28, etc.). (ocrirep KCLI VTT. § 8. TevKpos. Plut. Ale. 20 quotes Phrynichus Com. (Hermes, loq.) (pvKd^Ofxaj,' TcvKpa yap OV^L /3ovXo/xat | firjvvTpa bovvai TCD 7Ta\ap,vaicd £eV<». T. (§ 15) gave information about both Mysteries and Hermae, and his evidence in regard to the latter was afterwards corroborated by A. hvoiv heovTas C'IKOCTIV. Attic prose prefers the periphrastic forms for 18 etc., 19 etc., especially the latter. Kriiger Qr. § 24, 2, 9. Goodwin Gr. § 77, 2 Note 2 (6); Thuc. 8, 7 ; 8, 17 ; 8, 25. ib. 8, 104 has OKTQ& leal oydorjKovTd, and ib. 7, 18 oyboov KCU benaTov CTOS €T€\€VTCL, whereas in 8, 6 we find ivos Seov CIKOO-TOV CTOS eYeXeura. ol be o-vX. Cf §§ 59 and 67, and § 52 Note. Grote Oh. Hist. vii. p. 34 disbelieves this statement, but A. seems to have the better of Thuc, the Pseudo-Lys. and the Pseudo-Plut. on this point. A.'s disclosures confirmed those of Teucrus, but all but four persons named by A. had already been put to death or gone into exile. So Dr. Jebb.

§ 35. ~Ev

§ 36. XapiKkris went in command of thirty ships to harass the Peloponnese in 413 B.C. with Demosthenes, who was then on his way to Sicily (Thuc. 7, 20). Like Pisander, he started as a democrat, but 128 ANDOOIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

went over to the oligarchs in 412 B.C., becoming one of the Four Hundred (below § 101). He fled to Decelea when the Four Hundred were deposed, and assisted in the ruin of Athens. He returned along with and other exiles in 404 under the terms of peace imposed by Sparta. He was active in promoting the establishment of the Thirty, of whom he was a member. (Xen. Hell. 2, 3, 2. Harp, and Suidas s. v. XapiKkrjs.) When Theramenes opposed the violent measures of Critias, and the Thirtf split into two factions under these leaders, Oharicles followed Critias (Lys. 12, 55 ol doKovvres evavrionraroi Xapucket Kai Kptrla KOL rfj eKelvcov iraipeiq)' He shared with Critias the authorship of the worst deeds of the Thirty. (Isocr. 16 § 42.) His demeanour was servile to Lysander, but overbearing towards his countrymen. iril rfj rod o\ KaraXvo-ei. Gf. Thuc. 6, 27 TOV re yap '4KTT\OV oloo- vbs iftoKei eivai, Ka\ iiri ^vvcopoo'tq dfia vecoTepcov Trpay/xdrcov Ka\ drjjjiov KaTaXvo-eods yeyevrjcrdat ; ib. 28. Gf. Diod. Sic. 13, 2, 4. Plut. Ale. 20. Suidas 5. v. KaraXveiv. It was owing to this idea, that the outrages were the work of a band of conspirators anxious to over­ throw the constitution, that Alcibiades and his associates were proceeded against by elo-ayyeXia,—the trial arising out of the prjvvcreis of Andromachus and the other informers. The prosecution of Alcibiades was undertaken by 's son, Thessalus. Plut. A Ic. 22 quotes the impeachment. As Alcibiades had fled, judgment went against him by default. Thuc. 6, 61 ipi}ffli ^LKJ] BdvaTov KaTeyvcoo-av avTov Te teal T&V //er' eKtlvov. Hyperides pro JEux. 22, quoting the Law relating to elorayyeXia (yop,os elcrayyekTiKos) : iav TLS TOV drjfxov TOV 'Adrjvalcov KaTaXvy fj crvvir) TTOI iiri KaraAwet TOV drjfiov r) eTaipiKov crvvaydyr], he is liable to an do-ayyekia. It was not usual to deal with ordinary ao-e/Seta by means of an elo~ayye\la (see Att. Proc. § 304), but the Ecclesia had decided in this instance to proceed by means of /jL-qwo-is and elvayyikia. Gf. Thuc. 6, 27, 3. eVeiSr) 6 KX)pv{; aveiiroi. Opt. of Indef. frequency. Under ordinary circumstances, the Ecclesia met only at fixed intervals. The meetings were on "the Pnyx, and immediately before and after a meeting, the neighbouring Agora was full of people. An ordinary meeting (Kvpla iKKkrjo-ia) was not announced by any special summons, but a flag (TO o-q^lov) was hoisted somewhere in the Agora (? on the fiovXev- TqpLov) when the Ecclesia was to meet, and removed when it broke up. The Boule sat daily (except on festival days). But of course NOTES. 129 it could not be sitting when an Ecclesia was being held, since the Senators were present at the latter. On days when no Ecclesia was held, the Krjpvt- announced the meeting of the Boule in the Agora. If an Ecclesia was held, the Herald, in addition to making the ordinary announcement, had to remove the flag. See L. and S. s.v. cnjfietov. Suidas ore 8e epeWe yiveo-dai eKKkrjo-La vqpelov iriOero. Gf. Aristoph. Thesm. 277. Trans. ' As soon as the Herald announced that the Senate was to go to the Senate-house, and removed the flag, at one and the same signal the Senate would go to the Senate- house, and the people in the market-place would rush from it.5 (Gf. de Bed. § 8.) The people filled the Agora as usual when the Ecclesia ended. But when they heard the meeting of the Senate announced, a panic seized them, each fearing he might be arrested by its order. It should be mentioned that Schomann takes a different view of the passage, and thinks that TO o-qpelov is not the Ecclesia flag at all, but a flag which flew on the Senate-house when the Boule was not sitting, and was taken down when it met. He does not think that an Ecclesia had been held at all on the occasions referred to by A. It should however be noticed, that if an Ecclesia was held (and I believe A. does here refer to sundry extraordinary meetings, crvyKhrjroi iKKkrjo-iaL, held at this time), the removal of the flag was practically a signal that the Boule would now meet, the Ecclesia being over. ol €K JTTJS ayopas efevyov. For the attraction of the Prep, when used with the Article, see Kiihner Gr. % 448. On Dioclides, Plut. Ale. 20 quotes Phryn. Com. a> <£i'Ara#' 'Epfirj KOL <$>vkdo-crov p,r) 7reaw | avrbv rrapaKpovo-j] Kal TrapdcrxflS bcaPoXrjv | erepco AioKkeida /SouXo/xei/o) KCLK6V TI dpdv. D. afterwards confessed that his fMrjpvo-cs had been false and was put to death (below §66). A comparison of this passage with Diod. Sic. 13, 2, 6 and Plut. I.e. that they refer to Dioclides when they say that one of the informers declared that he had seen the conspirators by the light of the moon,,and was dis­ believed because it was known to have been new moon on the night in question. See Grote Gh Hist. vii. 36 Note for proofs of the false­ hood of Diodorus' and Plutarch's statement.

§ 37. iirapdeis ovv. Gf. Isocr. 17 § 35 otots T€K[ir]piots iirap8e\s d7TO(TT€p€7. [Xe TCOV XP^^TM. (pda-Kcov. This form frequently contains a suggestio falsi, as here, cf. § 47. See L. and S. I 130 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

els rpiaKoo-Lovs, ad trecentos, a rather rare use of els, for which fiaXiorra is substituted in § 38. KOL TOVTOIS . . . TYpoa-exovras TOV vovv dvafJLLfjLvrjo-Keo-Oai. When a Participle and Verb which are followed by different constructions have only one object, the object follows the construction of the participle, e.g. Thuc. 4, 18 bovvau ifi a vvv d$iyp,evoi vpids atTovfieda. 5, 5, 2 TOVTOIS ivTVx&v OVK r}8tKr)aev. 7, 53, 2 TTpoo-ireorovTes TOIS irpcoTois 6Tp€\j/av Tpenovo-L. But if the Partic. governs the Accus. while the verb takes another case, the object is apt to be repeated with the verb. ThuC. 5, 105, 2 fjfJLels OVTC 6eVT€S TOV VOflOV OVT£ K€LfJL€P(0 ITpWTOL Xprjcrdiievoi, OVTCL be TrapdkafiovTes Kott io~6fji€vov is del KaTaXelyjrovTes XpoopeOa avT& ; cf. § 94. Similarly, if the sense requires that the object should be constructed to suit the"; verb, a pronoun is inserted to suit the participle. Thuc. 7, 43 ml avTols ol 'A. ivTvxovTes dp,v- vop.evovs ivpodvp,(£>s £Tp€^\rav. 8i8dcrKeiv dWrjkovs. See § 46 Note. § 38. dvbpdTrohov eVi Aavpico, in the silver mines, which were let out to private persons by the state on hereditary tenure. The lessee (6 cQvovjjLevos) paid ^th of the proceeds as rent per annum. Schomann Antiq. of Greece (E. Trans.), p. 448. Bockh P. E. of Athens, Append, of Eng. Trans. ol. Of. §§ 15, 40, 41, 42. This is the only case of the 3d personal pronoun at all frequent in prose. It is fairly common in Thuc. e.g. 6, 59 ; 6, 93 ; 7, 86 ; 8, 85. Blass {Att. Bereds.) remarks that even the Dat. is usually entirely avoided by orators. See Kiihner Gr. § 455, 5, 9. Kriiger § 25,1, 5. dirocfpopdv. Suidas, s.v. rj Te\ovp,evr) irapd TCOV SovXav TOIS deo-TTOTais. It is the earnings of a slave let out by his master. eWi de K.T.X. ' When he reached the gateway of Dionysus, he saw a crowd of people going down from the Odeum to the Orchestra of the Theatre. Feeling uneasy about them, he went into the shade, and sat down between the column and the pedestal on which is the bronze statue.' (?) beio-as be avTos, cf. § 66. Ka6e£eo-dcu = to sit down) (Ka6rjo-8at=to remain sitting. €0~Tavat de KVKAO), SC. TOVS p*ev. § 39. TOV& vTve6eTo, h. 7rpdyfjLa, ot/xcu. (Now first of all he took this fiction to work on—a most disgraceful business, I take it (cf. § 19)—so that it might be in his power to include any Athenian he chose among NOTES. 131 these men, and exclude from the number any one he chose.' Dioclides knew he would be asked how he saw the men. He therefore con­ cocted this story before giving the names. This formed the ground­ work or foundation (viroOecrLs) on which he built his n^wcris. Hence TOVB' refers back to the whole of § 38. I have placed a comma before deivorarov, because I feel compelled to differ from Dr. Jebb's interpretation (Attic. Or. Selections p. 225, 1888), according to which deivor. irpdypa (' an incredible affair') is in apposition with rovd\ Dioclides had invented a story, not adopted a course of action, deivor. irpayjia is, I believe, in apposition with the sentence, and what A. considers as most outrageous (as I understand it) is not the story, but the fabrication of the story. With (3ov\oiro and /XT) /3. sc.

Fur. 538 Kctt Tap! e6vr]o~K€ reKv*} aTTooWvp^Tjv b ey(*>) Hberi mei 'inorituri erant, ego autem peritum : cf. for this use of the Imperf. of attempted but not completed action, of which A. is very fond, §§ 42, 47, 58, 59, 60. eav Se Karda-x^^v 77/ieIs a povXopeda refers again to the idea that the constitution was in danger : cf. § 36, and Thuc. 6, 60, 1 ml 132 ANDOOIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

7rdvra avTois eboKei iiii t-vvafiocriq oXiyap^LKr] KCLI rvpavvucr) 7Tf7rpa;(#ai. This notion was encouraged by Dioclides. The real object of the oligarchs who mutilated the Hermae was probably to ruin Alcibiades, and perhaps also to stop the Sicilian Expedition. See Life of A. eva avTov rjfjLcov chat. The Pres. Inf. (where the Fut. might be expected) is constantly used thus in treaties, compacts, and official utterances, e.g. Thuc. 5, 23. Of. Livy's use of Stari. The reward agreed on included a post in the Oligarchy to be established. [This pres. probably reproduces the Imperat. of or. recta, and often=Lat. imperf. subj. ; e.g. Thuc. 4, 50 ne^ai =' mitterent.' A. W. S.] Trio-rev be r. bovvai re Ka\ be^acrBai. The Infins. still depend on beboyfxevov elrj. nicmv hovvai here = to give a pledge oneself (by taking an oath), IT, be£-a

Dioscuri, in whose honour the festival of the 'AvaKeia was celebrated. *H dokos—iv # o~vvebeiiTVovv eKao-rrjs rjfJiepas TrevrrjKovra TYJS ftovhrjs, fj npvravevovo-a (fivXrj. Pollux 8, 155. Dr. Jebb refers to Dem. de F. L. § 279, q.v. rjyov els to irpvravfiov K.T.X. The two rewards conferred on those who were considered to have done signal service to the state were (1) a front seat in the theatre; (2) maintenance in the Prytaneum at public expense. These were granted by a Psephism passed for the purpose. Aristoph. Eq. 574 KOL o-rpar-qyos ovft av els | rcov 7rp6 rod crirrjo-LV f]rrjo':' \ vvv 5' eav \xr) irpoebpiav (frepcocri KCLL ra O-LTICI, | ov fiaxtlo-dai (pao-tv. ib. 702 (. loq.) drroXS) ere vr) rrjv TTpoebpiav TTJV £K ILVXOV. Suidas s. v. irpoebpia^ cf. Isocr. 15 § 95 biKalcos av eypire p,oi TrXelo) X^Plv V TO~ls ^ dperrjv *v irpvTavelcp crtrovfjievoLs. Aeschin. v. Ctes. § 196. These honours were also usually conferred by a Psephism on foreign ambassadors ; cf. Aristoph. Acham. 125, Aeschin. v. 'Ctes. § 76 TO ^^icr/xa. TO nepl TYJS Trpoebplas with Dem. de Cor. § 28. The ordinary seats in the theatre cost two obols. o~T€(fiavG>cravT€s. The practice of crowning a man, as a reward for services to the sfcate, was not as yet so common as in the age of Demosth., and the crown was an olive garland, not, as later, a gold crown. See Schomann Antiq. of G. (Eng. Trans.) p. 415. Thrasy- bulus was presented with an olive garland in 403 B.C.

46. OTTOCFOL VfJiwv rraprjcrav, ai/a/xi/xi^cr/ceo^e, cf. Lys. 12 § 96 ocroi be TOP Qdvarov die(j)vyov . . . rjXBere els TOP Heipaia. Aeschin. v. Ctes. § 60 e'i rives vficov fJKovaiv . . . emvevcraTe JIOL. This confu­ sion of general and particular is found also in Lat. with quisquis. See Propert. 5, 5, 77 ; Tib. i. 6, 39. 67760-01 naprjo-av practically = 01 rrapovres. Ka\ rovs aXXovs bMo~Kere, cf. §§ 37, 69, 0. R. Kennedy Append. 6, Demosth. vol. iv. : ' As the Athenians never retired to consider their verdict, but gave their votes immediately after the termination of the speeches, they had not much opportunity of communicating with each other. If any juror possessed a private knowledge of the facts, he might whisper it perhaps to the man who sat next him, or he might indicate by some sign his assent to the speaker's state­ ment. ... It was a common trick for the parties to assume that certain facts, from their general notoriety, needed no proof.' NOTES. 135

§ 47. dvayvaxrofiai, ' nomina quoque vobis recitari curabo.' Muller, cf. below (to the ypapparevs) KOL avrols dvayiyvoexrKe. d8e\cj)o\, 'were brother and sister,' cf. ol yovels, ol rtKovres, etc. Kriiger Gr. 43, 1, 1 quotes this and other passages. Qpvptxog 6 opxvo-aiAevos, 'Phrynichus the late dancer.' He had been very famous. See Aristoph. Vesp. 1302. This passage shows that he had retired before Dioclides informed. For the partic. to describe a man's business, cf. § 92 ; Dern. 21, § 71. iv rots reTTap&KovTa : really $vo KOL TerrapaKovra § 43. § 48. Xapjj,idr]s. Plutarch Ale. 21 wrongly gives the name of the man as Timaeus. 7rp6s fie. As a rule, the non-enclitic forms of the pronouns are used with all prepositions. Exceptions are Isocr. 12 § 23 (irepi pov and rrpos p,e) ; ib. 15 § 32 irepl p,ov. Kriiger Gr. § 25, 1, 2 ' 7rp6s pe is often found ; seldom nepl pov, a<. pov, ets pe.' § 49. on . . . opas. See Introcl. to de Bed. § 5 Note, and E. H. Spieker, A. J. of Phil. vol. v. p. 221. The construction is a colloquial one, limited to prose. Colloquial language always avoids 0. Obliqua, and prefers the more vivid and simple Recta. Hence women and uneducated persons (in England) seldom use 0. Obliqua ; if they attempt it, they are incapable of carrying it on far without a relapse into Recta. 'The added another form of narration to its existing stock, one which is neither direct nor indirect, but mediates between the two, giving the actual words, but having the appearance of hypotaxis in being introduced by on or (seldom) <£?.' Of. §§ 63, 120, 135. oh yap expo K. r. \. ' Those with whom you were friendly and intimate, except us your kinsmen, have either been put to death on the charges on account of which we are to die, or have fled into exile, thus declaring themselves guilty.' OVTOL and avrcov are ep- analeptic. d7ro\\vp,e6a=zperituri sumus, cf. § 41. § 50. e^et (TOV rr]v dbeX^rjv, ' is husband of your sister,' cf. § 120. § 51. dtLvordrr] o~. 7rep«reo-a>i>, a very common phrase. Isocr. 15 § 122 rals eV^arats o~. Trepnreo-elv. For a with iyco, see L. and S. KOL avrovs re dirodavovras. These words repeat what has been just said. This trick is common in this speech, but not in the more careful cle Red. This § reappears in different words at § 58, where 136 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

again the repetitions are remarkable : criooTrrjcravrL /xeV . . . /x^ elnoav cos i. rjfxapTov . . . p,r) elircov a rJKOVua . . . ifjiov fxrj etTrovros. Below fjLtWovTas aSiKcos airokeicrOai again repeat these words. TO. xprjfjLarci avrcbv drjfxevOevTa. An account of the goods confiscated from the Hermocopids is extant in the Inscription referred to § 13. Confiscated goods (brjpioirpaTa) were publicly sold by the ircoXrjrai, and a considerable revenue was obtained therefrom. As for the goods confiscated from those who profaned the Mysteries, the accounts of them were set up at Eleusis. Pollux 10 § 97 iv rats Arrucals crrrjXacs, at Keivrai iv 'EAevo-tz/i, ra rcov dcr€J3r}(jdvT(ov irept rob decb br)fAO(Tia irpadevroov avayeypairrai. dkirrjpiovs TCQV Qecov, (sinners against the gods.' The rarer sense of akirrjpLos occurs §§130 and 131. Dr. Jebb compares the double _use of dkacrTap, TTpoo-Tpoiraios etc. ; cf. Lat. innoxius and ignarus, where the Pass, sense is poetical. See Cook on Sallust Cat 39, 2. TpiaKoa-iovs refers to §§ 37, 38. A. does not mean that their names had all actually been given, but all were in danger, cf. § 58. § 52. iveOvfirjSrjp . . . i\oyi£6fjir)v. The Aor. is used of the thought that suddenly struck him, rerrapcs Se rjcrav. A.'s evidence on this point appears con­ clusive. Thuc. 6, 60 is mistaken in what he says of the consequences of A.'s information : rbv p,ev p,r)vvrr]v evdvs . . . eXv&av, rovs Se Karat- rtadevras Kpiaeis Troifjo-avres rovs p,lv aireicrtivav K.r.X. Thuc. had not the means of learning the facts completely, and seems to com­ bine the results of Teucrus' jir}vvvis with those of A.'s. So also [Lys.] 6 § 23. A. is here bent on proving that he never was subject to Isotimides' Decree, i.e. that he never admitted that he took part in the mutilation. He ought to produce evidence on this point, but cannot. Contrast § 10, where he is very emphatic about the Mysteries, since in that case he can show conclusively that he was innocent. Cf. §§ 23 and 32. See Appendix'. Havalnos. His name occurred § 13. A. therefore is not quite accurate there when he says all but Polystratus fled when denounced by Andromachus ; for below § 68 we find Panaetius did not go into exile till after A. denounced him as a Hermocopid. § 53. (pavepbs (6) b'XeOpos. Cf. Horn. Od. 19, 557 p.vr]o-rr}p(ri de (pawer' oXedpos. II. 11, 174 dvacpalverai alnvs oXedpos. o. is rather rare in prose. (Thuc. 7, 27 and 29. Plat, fairly often. See St&ph. NOTES. 137 s.v.) Demosth. uses it often, but generally as a term of reproach, of persons : 'homo obscuro et sordido loco natus aut contemptissimae sortis' Cobet. Var. lect. p. 246; e.g. Dem. 9 § 31 of Philip. In its regular meaning, it is an Epic and Trag. word, used in prose only for special effect. A. uses several expressions borrowed from Trag. in this speech. Blass (Att. Bereds.) notices § 29, § 67, § 69, § 99, § 146. § 54. fj rodv ciWcov TTokircbv. Cf. Aeschin. v. Gtes. § 56 ivavriov

§ 55. pera TTJS akr)6eias, i.e. rrjs ak. e^opepop. Cf. Antiph. 5, § 2. But with abstract nouns in such phrases the Art. is usually omitted, cf. § 56. Dem. 2, § 4; 24 § 34 tyr}<$i£e

r) Kokcos cnrokeo-Oai. Cf. Isocr. 4 § 95 rots kaXois KayaSols alperco- repov io-Tt K.a\(os diroOavelv f) (r]V alcr^p&s.

§ 58. OTTOV be. For the Apod, see § 60. Apod, sententiae per longis- simas ambages circumductae, Beiske. o-Lco7rr]cravTi pev is not answered by any corresponding be. en be refers to avrS re, where be answers re'. See § 5 Note. Had not the sentence been interrupted by a long parenthesis, it would have run in this form : oirov be TO ivavr. rjv, cricoTTrjo-avri pev avrop re aTroXeaSai . . ., elftovTi be ret ovra avrco re oroo^eadai . . . t]vpio~Kov TG>V IT. KCIKCOV ravra e\d%ivra thai. Cf. Dr. Jebb i Some rema/rhs on an Art. by Prof. Mahaffy' p. 50. aTroaWvev. i Threatened with death.'—Dr. Jebb. So (fiovevs iyiy- v6fj,r)v=interfecturus eram, A. presenting the situation in the most vivid form. Presently ebr)o~ev is causative. See p. 116. § 60. ravra be irdvra. be is put in resumendae orationi. TLfxcop-qo-aardaL eKelvov. e. resumes Aioicke ibrjv. Cf. below § 67 Ev(j)i- Xrjrco evavriwOrjv . . . KCU i\oib6pr)o~a eKelvov. § 61. i^rfkeyf-a ra yevopeva c distincte facta exposui' M. Presently yevoiro instead of eyevero shows A. quotes Euphiletus' own statement.

§ 62. TOP irapa TO <£>. Harp. s.v. TO 'A6r]VY]cri . avopdcrOr) dirb QopfiavTos. Hesych. s. Qopfias' 'ATTIKOS rjpeos. He was charioteer of Theseus. 6 CE. bv Spare. A. says this was the only bust not damaged. Thuc. says ol CE. ol nXelaroL TrepieKOTrrjo-av, admitting more exceptions, and is more likely to be correct on this point, as nearer the time, and A. had a reason for his statement. See Appendix. Philochorus ap. Schol. on Aristoph. Lys. 1094 rrjv 6° alrlav ravrrjv ol pev rols Trepl 'AXKiftidbrjv 7rpocreypa(pov, cog QovKvbibrjs [6, 28, 1 hv ml ^AKKt^Ldbrjv eirriTi&)VTo\ ol be KopLvOioLS, cos Qikoxopos' povov be (f>r)cri nepLKOTrrjvai TOV 'AvboKibov CE., where probably povos be should be read. Plut. Ale. 21 eboKei be pio-obrjpos teal oXiyap^LKOi 6 'AvboKibrjS, VTTOTVTOV be ov-fc fJKHTTa . . . e7roir)crev 6 peyas (~E.ppr}£ . . . ev yap okiyois ndvv T&V e7TL

§ 63. beiva eiroiovv. Dr. Jebb quotes Thuc. 5, 42 ; Mr. Hickie NOTES. 139

Aristoph. Ban. 1093. l Declared it intolerable that I knew of the deed without having taken part in it.' The difference between detva iroieiv and o\ iroLticrOai is the same as that between iram ferre and graviter aliquid ferre, the former being the outward expression of the latter. eXeyov on yeyivrjrai K.T.X. See § 49 Note. XaXeTroiTepoi o-oi K.T.X. ^aXeTTcorcpot must be repeated with (j)X[oi by Zeugma. ' Our enmity will damage you more than any others' friendship won through their hatred of us will avail you.' "Wytten- bach (Bib. Grit. iii. p. 110) refers to § 81 we pi rrXeiovos eTrotrjq-aoSe o~co- &iv TT]V irokiv fj rets Ibias TifjLtoplas sc. 7rap6vTL 7repi(j)avoos ax^eXeiro, after A.'s disclosures. ' § 67. a-nivroTaT-qv. See § 57 Note. ' Of all pledges the most faithless,' because of the gross outrage on the national religion to which the iraipeia thereby bound itself. iXoibop-qcra eKelvov hv r)v a£ios. For the double object after Xoibtpelv, see Kiihner Gr. § 411, 3, 4. Plat. Phaedr. 241 E ocra rbv erepop XeXoLdopdm/jLep. For eKeivos repeating the object cf. § 60 AioKXeibrjv . . . eKelvop. Trplv fjfias deBr/vai Kal fieXXeiv cmoXtio-Sai. See § 43 Note. jxiXXeip a. c and were in danger of being put to death.' The Pres. Inf. when 140 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS. used with nplv implies continuance or attempt. After their arrest they had the fear of death continually present. § 68. iacoOr) he ye. These particles cap a previous statement made (1) by one's adversary : as Thuc. 5, 109, in the Melian dialogue. Aristoph. Eg. 443 et al.; Aeschin. v. Gtes. § 28 ; or (2) by oneself : as Thuc. 6, 86, 5; Isocr. 15 § 91 ; Dem. de F. L. § 102. ye emphasises de. § 69. ovraxrl de €%€i of what follows, as often. See § 20 Note. \eyoiev els rovrovs, judicious enarrare, Lutz. § 70. node!, desiderata a strong word. Gf. Antiph. 5, § 64. For the perf. of Xelrrco transitive, cf. Eur. El. 609. § 71. evehei^e fie Kara rbv v. rbv Keipevov. Gf. § 103. See Illtrod. to this speech, p. 20. [Lys.] 6 §§ 9 and 24; de Bed. § 24 for the decree of Isotimides. 6 \xev yap sc. Isotimides. rovrcov ovderepa. On the constant substitution of Plur. for Sing, forms, see Shilleto on Thuc. 1, 7. Gf. § 51 Tvorepa. ovre rjcrefirjTai ovre (opokoyqrai. Had this really been the case (1) A. would have had no need to go into exile in 415 B.C.; (2) to prove now that the decree which never applied to him is no longer in force. In the de Bed. he admits he is subject to the decree, i.e. that he had admitted his guilt. See Append. § 72. rb -v//\ \ekvrai. Introd. § 2.

vrrep rcov ix6p&v. See §§ 92, 94, 95. ? § 73. eWi yap al vrjes SiecpOdprjarav, i.e. in the battle of Aegospotami 405 B.G. Athenian writers habitually avoid close references to the scene of a defeat, e.g. of this battle. Xen. Hell. 2, 2, 3 iv 'ABfjvais eXeyero r) avfKpopd. [Lys.] 2 § 58 cmoXofxevcovTG>V vecov iv'^Xkrjo-TrovTCO. Lys. 16 § 4 ITpb TYJS iv fE. crvitffiopas, ib. 21 § 9. Isocr. 4 § 119. o-vfjL(j)opa is constantly used for * a defeat,5 e.g. of the Sicilian disas­ ters, Thuc. "7 § 29 ; Lys. 18 § 2 ; Dem. 20 § 42:; Isocr. 16 § 15. For the battle of Aegospotami, see Xen. Hell. 2, 1, 24; Dem. 23 § 212. TOVS drlpLovs eTTLTifiovs IT. Xen. Hell. 2, 2, 11 of this Psephism, rovs CLTifiovs eiriTip,ovs 7T0ir}(ravT€s eKaprepovv. ol be arifioi rives rjcrav ; This is the loc. class, on drijjLia, which includes any form of capitis diminutio. dpyvpiov 6(pelXovres rc5 6\ Gf. Dem. 25 § 4 d

Kai £yy eypafjbfievov iv aKpoiroXei, and below § 77. The Parthenon was used as a State Treasury, and there the Practores (see § 77) kept a list of all state debtors. Hence the phrase iyyeypafifievos £v dicpo- 7roXet. tvOvvas SxfiXov, cf. § 78 Note. 6 All who had been condemned on their accounts after they went out of office.' The name of the suit is put in accus., the offence in gen. igovXas, 'were condemned in ejectment cases.' £. is used in its widest sense. Harp. s.v. eVi navros rod en rcov Ihicov eKpaXXofxevov rarrerai rovvop,a KCU ov fxovov rcov £K KarabUrjs (i.e. after a judgment already given against a man) dcfieiXovrcov. The dUr} egovXrjs is either (1) a suit complaining of ejectment; or (2) a suit demanding the ejectment of an opponent. In order to bring such a suit, the plaintiff must have been the victim of violence, though only of a technical nature (deductio moribus). Cf. Pollux. 8, 59 yiverai orav ris rbv £K. drjfioo-iov npidpevov p,r) £a Kapirovcrdai a eTTplaro, rj rbv VLK- rjcravra (in a court) a evUrjcrev, aXX' rj e^ovra eKfiaXXrj fj o-^eiv KcoXvo-y rj avros 6 o

§ 74. hv, as though drlficov instead of drifilas had preceded. For the use of a concrete os or OO-TLS after an abstract noun, see Kriiger Gr. § 51, 13, 11 ; cf. de Bed. § 18. NOTES. 143

OVTOL S5 av. ' Now these included all who had been convicted of embezzlement or bribery.' Athenians, like other Greeks, were seldom above taking money dishonestly (see Plat. Rep. 390 E), but the distinction of having reduced bribery to a science is said to belong to our Anytus. He invented some mathematical system by which the heliasts might be grouped into bodies of ten and tampered with. The details of his device are unknown, but doubtless a heliast would feel greater confidence if he knew that he had nine others sitting by him who had been bribed. Harp. s.v. deKa&iv. K\o7Trj9. This was dealt with by a dUr) or ypacu dpa>v, beKCKT/JLOV) XLTTocrrparlov, \nroTa£;iov, dcrrpaTelas, XnTovavrioVi dvavfxa- XLOV, rod plyjrai TY]V dwiviha : cf. Dem. 39 § 16 (ed. Paley and Sandys). Lys. 14 § 5 et seq. shows there was a statute dealing with acrr pare lag, XiiroTat-iov (restored by Dobree), and SeiAuxs : cf. ib §§ 11 and 17; Aristoph. Eq. 443; Aeschin. v. Tim. § 29, v. Gtes. §§ 7, 175. These references show that A., in enumerating these naval and military oifences (1) omits XmovavrLov (for which, see Lys. 12 § 42 %pio~\xevai IK ra>p VO/JLCDP, ovrca KCU rod fx-q vavp.ayr\o~ai. rodro ro ocpXrjfia dvavpLaxiov eKaXelro, cos 'Av$OKi$r]s. ^evboKkrjrelas. When the plaintiff had to summon the defendant himself, a summons had to be served on a party in the presence of witnesses {KXrjrrjpes), whose names appeared on the document. If judg­ ment were given against a man by default, and he contended that the summons had never been served, he could bring a ypa(firj yfrevboKXrj- relas against the KX-qrrjpes. For ^/evbofxaprvpicbv, see § 7 Note. rovs yoveas KCLKCDS TTOLOUV. The offence called K.dKcoo~is yovecov was severely dealt with at Athens. The only plea accepted as valid from those guilty was proof that their education had been neglected by the parents. ypa

§ 75* eVt rcov rvpdvvodv, i.e. the Four Hundred of 411 B.C. This partial disfranchisement of the soldiers, deprived of the right of speaking in the Ecclesia and sitting in the Boule, was one of the measures taken against the partisans of the Four Hundred. This penalty was apparently inflicted about a year after the fall of the Four Hundred, viz., soon after the restoration of full democracy in 410. (See below § 96.) Lys. 25 § 25 et seq. speaks of Epigenes, Demophanes and Clisthenes as having caused the Athenians, after the fall of the Four Hundred, to put some citizens to death unheard, to confiscate the property of others, and others to banish and disfranchise. He refers to 410 B.C., after the Psephism of Denio- phantus (§ 96), when radical again came to the front. At first in 411, only Archeptolemus and Antiphon were put to death for complicity in the oligarchy. (Lys. 12 § 67.) But later, drifxia was freely inflicted. Hence Aristoph. Ban. 686 (produced NOTES. 145 early in 405, before Patroclicles' psephism) KC'L TLS rj/jLapre crtjxikeis TL ^pvvl^ov iraXaio-jxacTiv \ iyyevecrOai (firjfM xpVya1' TOiS okicr6ov

§ 77. TTJV aheiav. Of. Dem. 24, § 46. nep\ $e TCDV iyyeypafifievcov. Concerning those whose names had been registered as debtors before the Collectors (see § 73 Note) or the Stewards of the Goddess and the other deities, or the King Archon, or any not entered in the list of debtors up to the date on which the Senate of the year in which Callias was Archon went out of office : all who had been disfranchised as debtors, and all whose accounts have been condemned in the court of the logistae by the Auditors and their assessors, or against whom there are actions with regard to their accounts still pending before the heliasts, or who have been condemned to some partial loss of rights, or for not paying the sum for which they were sureties, up to the date aforementioned : and all names of members of the Four Hundred on the register, or anything else recorded anywhere with regard to any­ thing done during the oligarchy: (excepting all names recorded on tablets of those who did not stay in the city, or any undergoing any term of exile after being sentenced in the court of the Areopagus or Ephetae or the Prytaneum by the King Archon for the time being for murder or manslaughter or treason) : the rest the Collectors and Senate shall cancel as aforesaid wherever the record may be.; The Psephism deals with all an\koi whose names were recorded on public registers, either because they were (1) public

K 146 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

debtors, or (2) some Psephism had been passed against them. But there was no complete list of aripoi kept, and the others are all included in the words nepl T£>V CITL^COV above. yjrr}CJ)L(ra(TBai. So e^aXet\^at, irape^eiv, et-zlmt, %voypv elvai. The Inf. in prayers, laws and treaties: cf. Thuc. 4, 16 ; 5, 18, etc. Kiihner Gr. § 474, b. €7n\jrr}(j)L^tv. Of. Thuc. 8, 15 rw elirovTi rj irrL^rjcpto-avTi. The President for the day (iTrtcrrdTrjs) might refuse to put a motion, cf. Aeschin. v. Gtes. § 3. Xen. Mem. 1, 1, 18 says Socrates was €iTL(TTdrr)s when the Generals were tried 406 B.C. and declined to put the motion. ra MrjbiKd. Cf. Thuc. 8, 24 and often. Below §§ 107, 108. ds TOVS 7rpdKropas. The use of els is the same as in the phrase els TOVS bbKao-Tcis elcrievai, and elo-r)yp,evai els TO biKao~Tf]piov below. eyyeypa^fxevcov els TOVS Tafias. The TctfAiai TYJS deov kept a register of persons who had failed to pay fines due to the sacred treasure of Athens. They were ten in number, chosen annually from the first property-class (Pollux 8, 97). The r. TOOV akXcov 6ea>v, also ten in number, similarly looked after the fines due to other deities. The two boards were distinct, but are here mentioned together, as being closely connected in the matter of fines and dues. See Bockh P. E. of Athens i. p. 219, Ed. 2. TOV fiao-Ckea. That part of the money due to the state was looked after by the Practores : that part due to the gods by the Tamiae. The King Archon, as head of the state religion, also kept lists of certain fines, 'prcbably those due to the Heroes' Chapels.' Bockh P. E. of A. i. p. 211. fir} €veypd

§ 78. evdwai. The accounts were examined in the office of the NOTES. 147 logistae by the ten logistae. (If a man had not handled the state money" when in office, the proceedings before them were merely formal.) They could not however discharge an virevOvvos : this could only be done by a court of 501 heliasts. The examination by the logistae was thus a preliminary examination {avaKpicris) only. A charge against the accounts might be brought (1) by any of the logistae ; or (2) by ten .euthyni, who were probably assessors to the logistae, and present with their twenty irdpebpoi at the avaKpicris ; or (3) (especially in the case where the man under examination had not handled state money) by any individual. In any of these cases, a ypafpr) irepl ra>v evOvv&v followed before the heliasts, and the logistae presided at the trial. If a private person had suggested the charge, he became prosecutor ; and one of the methods by which demagogues harassed the government was by instituting prosecutions against newly retired officials in this manner. If the logistae or euthyni were responsible for the charge, the crvvfjyopoi—ten public prosecutors —who also attended the avaKpicris—appeared to support it. See further Alt. Proc. § 215. KareyvaxTfAevai ev rots XoyicrTr)piois, sc. at the preliminary hearing. A ypa

held in the precincts of the Delphinium—the Temple of Apollo (TO eVi AeXcjiivicp bcKao-T.) ; (2) that held in the precincts of the Prytaneum (TO iirl 7rpvTaveiV icfreT&v). Whether at this time it consisted of the Archons or of heliasts is unknown. Probability favours the latter, but this Court in the Prytaneum Was a very ancient institution, and it may be doubted if it ever really sat in times when there were other methods of dealing with attempts against the Constitution. After €K TrpvTavtLov, the MSS. have rj Aikfavlov, which has been added by a copyist who thought answers to e J 'Apelov IT. above, a-^ayaiaiv to TQHV icfieTcov, and Tvpavvibi to eK irpvTave'iov. This assumption is not necessary with regard to the original law of Solon, since in his days the Areopagus had extensive and varied judicial powers ; but from 460 B.C. to 405 B.C. about the very time of Patroclides' Psephism, the Areopagus only dealt with TO, C^OVLKCL dbiKr)ixaTa : therefore any persons in exile owing to a verdict of the Areopagus at the time of this Psephism must have been in exile for NOTES. 149

jxoo-La okiyapx^fi KCU rvpavviKfj. § 79. ra de aX\a resumes after the parenthesis. iroieXv de ravra. i This they are to do within three days of the passing of the resolution. Kecords to be cancelled as aforesaid, no person may keep in private possession, nor yet may any one ever revive the memory of past offences. Any one who does so shall be liable to the same penalties as those in exile by verdict of the Areo­ pagus,' i.e. they shall be liable to be tried for their life, like those who return home after (1) going into exile to avoid trial in the Areop. (2) being banished by it. [Lys.] 6 § 15, Dinarch. 1 § 44. ol i% 'A. (fcevyovres. IK is not used here in place of wo, but ex­ presses the source from which the exile springs, as above—hiKa&aBai it- 'A. VTTO rcov /3. Very similar is the usage in e/c iravros rponov § 1. § 80. rovs Se rftevyovras. Only anfiot in the city were restored before the fall of Athens ; the exiles were not restored till Lysander had taken possession of the city : cf. Xen. Hell. 2, 2, 11 and 23. Lys. 25 § 27 is not quite accurate on this point : rovs p,ev

1146 p7 [ivi](riKaKr](rr)s el crv QvXrjv Kare\a(3es. Lys. 13 § 78 et seq. From Phyle the exiles went to Piraeus. Xen. Hell. 2, 4, 10; Lys. 18 § 4. Then they took up a position on rising ground at Munychia, Xen. I.e. Of. Isocr. 8 § 108.

§ 81. iyivero (6y). The insertion was first made by Eeiske. It gives a break in the sentence before eireibr] quite in A.'s style. (See Introcl. on airoo-KSTrrio-is.) He gives a rapid sketch of the events from the passing of P.'s Psephism down to the General Amnesty. The 'evils' are all those endured by Athens from the battle of Aegospotami to the return of Thrasybuius. These remarks lead A. dangerously near to party politics, so he passes to a safer subject- The struggle between the exiles and the city party is included in the ' evils.' eVetS?) he. From this point to § 90 we have the main authority for the events immediately succeeding the Eestoration in 403 B.C. fjir) fivrjo-iKafcelv. Xen. Hell. 2 end. Lys. 13 § 80; 18 § 18 e£ seq. ; 25 §§ 23 and 28. rots A. Oea-fiols. Solon abolished D.'s laws, with the exception of his regulations for the trial and punishment of murderers. These he adopted and set forth in his rrpebros a^av.

§ 82. (BovXrjv re an. vofxoOeras re etXeaOe. Here for re ... re we might have had fiev . . . be. Kiihner Gr. § 520 : cf. Thuc. 2, 42 (where see Shilleto); 3, 82; here however the clauses are not, as there, adversative. These Nomothetae with the Boule were to revise the laws, which, during the rule of the Thirty, had been in abeyance. Meanwhile the laws of Solon were to be in force, along with 's laws with regard to murder. But it was at once found, when they began their work, that many had committed crimes in the past year which made them liable to punishment. Consequently, an Ecclesia was held and authority given to a certain number of the 500 Nomothetae selected by the Boule to prepare a fresh code, to be submitted to the Boule and whole body of Nomothetae. vojjLoOeras et\ecr6e. The ordinary annual Nomothetae were elected by lot, probably by the Prytanes (Schomann de Com. Athen. p. 257) from the heliasts of the year. But these 500 Nomothetae are distinct from those ordinary ones, and are elected by x€iP0T0Via by the separate demes (§ 84). Their duties however (except the special NOTES. 151 committee appointed from them by the Boule) are the same as usual, viz. to revise the laws—i.e. those prepared by the Committee. See Bchomann de Com. Athen. p. 270. €KKki]crLav TToirjoravres. See p. 38, Index s.v. Asyndeton. [Perhaps a particle is lost between these words.—A. W. S.] i\\rr)fyio-a(T6

§ 86. o-vjjLcftopai, Lat. calamitates. See Dr. Keid on Cic. pro Arch. § 9 : a common euphemism for loss of rights : cf. cle Bed. § 10. See also de Bed. § 7 Note. Thuc. 8, 81, 2. § 87. dypd §€ i/o/xw, K.T A. Quoted also by Dem. 23 § 86 ; 24 § 59. tyrjcjiio-fxa be pa^hiv. A proposal to supersede any law in force would be met by a ypa

§ 88. xp€®v aTTOKOTral. 'Novae tabulae] enumerated by Isocr. 12 § 259 among the dvj)i<.ecrra Kaicd to which states are liable. See Dem. 24 § 149. Si/cat dvdbiKoi. 'That suits might not be re-opened.' There were strict limitations placed on such a course. See § 7 Note. crvpL(3o\aL(dv, (that loans might be recoverable.' All private agree­ ments made before the reign of the Thirty were to be adhered to. With irpd^is cf. e'lo-Trpa£;is. o-up,fio\ov~a ticket, o~vixfio\r] = a contribu­ tion. NOTES. 153

cpdaeLs. Pollux 8, 49 . be rjv TO cpalveLV TOVS nepl TCL jxeTaWa abcKOVVTas, fj irepl TO efuropLov KCtKovpyovvTas fj nepl TCL TeXr) fj TCOV drj/jLoo-ioov TI vevoorcpLcrfxevovs (cf. Isocr. 18 § 6), fj orvKocfiavTovvTcts (all tried before the Thesmothetae), r) Trepl TOVS dpcfiavovs i^a/iapTdvovTas {i.e. fraudulent trustees tried before the Eponymus). Hence Cephisius escaped paying his debt to the state. See § 92 and Introd. § 3 (a). For evbeL&s and dnaycoyf], see § 8. irplv Ev. ap^ai. See §§ 7 and 43 Notes. oircos, 'by which.' See § 43 Note. § 90. KOL ov fxvT)o'iKaK7]o-a. This oath was administered also to those partisans of the Thirty who subsequently returned from Eleusis. Xen. Sell. 2 end. Tr\r)v TCOV TpiaKovTct K.T.X. Even sons of the Thirty were all included in the Amnesty. See Dem. 40 § 32. The eleven criminal magistrates under the Thirty had been instruments in their hands. KOL TCOV detect. Not the Ten who ruled for a short time in Athens after the Thirty ; but the Decarchy established by Lysander in the Piraeus, with the idea of separating the port completely from Athens. See Plut. Lys. 15 ; Xen. Sell. 2, 4, 19 and 2, 4, 38 speaking of the Amnesty dirievai eir\ TCL CCLVTCOV EKCLO-TOVS TTXTJV TCOV TpiaKovTct KOL TCOV evheKci KOL TCOV iv TCO UeLpmel dp^dvTcov bena (deposed by Thrasy- bulus). Justin 5, 10 confuses them with the Ten who succeeded the Thirty at Athens ; so too Nepos Thras. iii. f) del ftovXevovcra. See § 78 Oil TCOV (BacriXecov. § 91. 7r\r}v TCOV cpvyovTcov, i.e. those members of the City party who fled to Eleusis when Democracy was restored. For a> 'A., see § 106 Note. ov fjLvrjo-LKaKrjrrco. This special clause in the heliasts3 oath enhances the force of A.'s appeal to them to vote in accordance with it. See §§ 2 and 9. a xpv o-Koirelv K.T.X. Mr. Spratt suspects some confusion here in the text. Perhaps the true reading is d XPV o-Koirelv el 3OKCO dpOcos vplv Xeyeiv, cos virep VJJLCOV Xeycov. § 92. KOL TOVS vojjiovs—cut out by some editors : but A. invites the jury to consider the position of his opponents in relation to the laws : if measures prior to 403 B.C. are valid, as they imply when they use the decree of Isotim., then they are subject to heavy penalties under such laws. There is point in the words. 154 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

TrpLafievos wvrjv. See Introd. § 3 (a) and § 73 Note. [Lys.] 6 § 42. rcoz/ iv rfi yfj y., i.e. occupiers of land belonging to the state, who paid a rent, which was farmed, like all state-dues, by a middleman. § 93. beiv els TO £v\ov, i.e. in addition to his becoming a public debtor. This is the only instance of els TO £-. ; elsewhere always iv T<5 |. belv. CLVT\ fiev cfrvyddos. Soph. Aj. 1020 SovXos CLVT* i\ev6epov, Lys. 30 § 27 CLVTX p,ev dovXov 7ro\iTr)s, CLVTL be 7TTQ>xov TrXovaios, dvrl .de VTroypaixfiaTecos vo/jLo6eTi]S. § 94. dnedavev eneXvos anpiTos. Isocr. 7 § 67 and 20 § 11 says that 1500 persons were put to death under the Thirty without a trial. Lys. 12 § 36 and § 83 ; ib. 26 § 13 iroWol els TO deo-ficoTrjpiov dirriyovTo KOL aKpiToi dTTcdXkvvTo, ib. 13 § 38, all who were tried before the Thirty were condemned, except the informer Agoratus. Xen. Hell. 2, 3, 11; at first they only put to death those who had made a living out of vexatious prosecutions and had actively opposed the oligarchs {i.e. extreme democrats : see below on § 99) ; but when the Spartan garrison and harmost arrived, they arrested—OVK€TL TOVS Trovrjpovs Te KOL okiyov d£iovs, but all they thought dangerous to themselves. They especially singled out rich metics, Lys. 12 § 6, etc., among them Lysias and his brother; the latter was put to death, while Lysias escaped to Megara. TOV (3ov\evo-avTa iv T<» CIVTG> i. i.e. a man guilty of (3ov\evo-is (j)6vov eKovo-lov, for which see § 78 Note. Notice that 6 fiovkevo~as — 6 imftovXevcras, and is contrasted with 6 rrj xeLPL ipyao-dfievos, i.e. 6 avToxelp. Gf. Antiph. Tetral. 3, |3 § 5, drroXvei be fxe KOL 6 V6[JLOS' TOV yap imfiovXevo-avTa KeXevei (f)ovea elvai ; ib. 6 § 16. The same rule applied to fiovkevcris (p. CLKOVO-'IOV, for which, see § 78 on TOUV iv. Att. Proe. § 312. § 95. OVTOS yap. This sudden break is due to 6 jjLvr)o~iK.aKcc>v avTos av., which A. at once explains ; just as in § 58 the construction was broken by an explanation of the consequences of silence. ifiovXevev. Xen. Hell. 2, 3, 11. The Thirty, on being elected, j3ov\r]V Ka\ TCLS aXkas dp%as KaTeo-T-qaav o>? idoKei avTols. KaTa ye TOV 2. vo\kov. According to this, Demophantus Pseph., passed soon after the battle of Oyzicus in 410, is founded on a law' of S. The revision of the laws was begun soon after the deposition of the Four Hundred : hence avveypayf/e, not elire, of Demophantus, NOTES. 155 he being on the board of revision. See Lycurg. § 127, Dem. 20 § 159, where this pseph. is referred to and quoted. The limited democracy could not last after the victory of Cyzicus, won by the vavriKos 6'xXos which at the time had no citizen rights. Full democracy was probably restored by this psephism. § 96. apxei xP°V0S • • • V fiovkrj cf. Aeschin. v. Gtes. § 62, inrjei Xpovos . . . QrjjiLo-TOKkrjs apxv r., ' shall swear by the full- grown victims.' Att. Proc. § 689. iTpb AIOVVO-'KOV, ' before the great Dionysia.' § 99. imTpLTTTov Kivabos. See § 53 Note. Ta XPWaTa coTohovvai. The meaning of this comes out in what Xen. Hell. 2, 3, 12 says of the Thirty : ovs rravres jjdco-av iv rrj dr}{j,oKpaTLa airo o~VKo(j)avTLas {(ovras KCLI roTs KaXols Kaya&ois (i.e. the oligarchs) fiapeis b'vras (by instituting proceedings against them continually)

rjXdes els A., with the friends of the Four Hundied. Of. Lys. 18 § 9. For the great injury inflicted on Athens by the fortification of Decelea, see Isocr. 14 § 31. Thuc. 7, 28. Athens after the fortifica­ tion, dvrl rov 7T6XLS etvac (ppovpiov Karecrrrj. ivavixaxqcras i.e. at the battle of Aegospotami, when Adimantus, one of the Athenian Strategi, and others were beyond doubt guilty of treachery. o-vyKareaKa^as. See § 80. Xen. Hell. 2, 2, 23 when the peace was ratified Avo~avbpos re KariirXei els rov Tleipaia Ka\ ol (pvyddes Karfjcrav Kai TO. rei^r) KareaKairrov VTT' avX-qrptdcov ('to the accompani­ ment of'). § 102. ap' (av) o'lecrOe rvx^v. The insertion is necessary, as the aor. infin. alone with verbs of expecting=a fut. realistically ; as TllUC. 5, 9, 8 eXirls avrovs p,dXiarra <$)ofir)6rivai. deivov, el . . . ov crcodricrofjLat. See § 33 Note. Add this instance to those, quoted by Shilleto on Thuc. 1, 121 heivbv av e'lrj el ol jiev . . . OVK direpovo-iv, rjfJLels be . . . OVK apa bairavr]crop,ev. In a bi-membered sentence of this kind, (1) ov is regularly used in the 2d clause if the verb is in the Ind., especially if the Fut. Ind., (2) p,r} is used if the verb is in the Opt. Lastly, in sentences of only one member, fx-q is used. Here vno fiev K.T.X. is not part of the hypothesis any more than ol pAv . . . OVK direpovuiv in Thuc. I c. ' If, while I should have been put to death by them, etc' With navrcos STJITOV, sc. deivov earai. With rj o~xoXfj ye sc. oroadrjcreraL from ov cr. above. Of. Dem. de F. L. §§ 46, 93. § 103. Spare fir) ov . . . irpocrr]Ket. Mr. Hickie would not have cor­ rupted 7rpoo-r]Ket into Trpoo-qKj) had he borne in mind Append. A. of Shilleto's Dem. de F. L. ; cf. Eur. Ion 1523 opa av, pjrep, fit) . . . rw 0eo> irpoo~ri6ris rrjv alrlav. ' For the purpose of marking the apprehension more vividly jirj and p,r) ov are joined with the Indie.5 Kuhner Gr. § 395, 6, 5 ; cf. Goodwin M. and T. § 46 Note 5. The Subjunc. after verbs of fearing always points to Fut. time. A. purposely represents a future contingency as though present. ' Be­ ware lest it rests not with me above all others to give account for the past, but rather with many others/ i.e. this is a test case ; if the psephism of Isotimides is still valid, then other measures passed before 403 B.C. are valid too, and will be revived against men guilty in the past of crimes greater than those with which I am charged. NOTES. 157

TOVTO fiev . . . rovTo de : cf. de Bed. §§ 16, 17, de Pace § 40. Isocr. 3 § 23, 4 § 21. TTOXXOI de o-vKcxfiavTcti. Gf. Isocr. 18 § 2 for the vigorous efforts to repress crvKocpavrla after the amnesty ; and for the variety of pro­ cesses by which o-vKofyavrai were proceeded against, Isocr. 15 § 313.

§ 105. rots K€LfievoLs approved in the archonship of Euclides or passed since that time. For the omission of TOVS \xkv before O~VKO- (pavrelv, cf. § 38. brjfjiocria Kpivei. For references to the spectators see § 54 Note. Gf. Lys. 28 § 10. OVK 'Epyoickrjs piovos Kpiperat aAV rj TTOXLS OKTJ. ib. 1 § 47 eyco p-ev ovv OVK Id lav virep epbavrov vop,t£(o ravrrjv yeveaBat rrjv TipLoopiav aW virep rrjs irokeas airao~r)s. ib. 12 § 35, a very similar passage, noWol KCU roav darcbv Kai roav i-evoov TJKOVO-LV elcr6p,evoi K.T.X. An attempt to widen the issue by showing that the case is a test one. The argument is also used by Cicero often.

§ 106. ol yap irarepes. For this reference to Athenian history, wherein the heliasts are treated as identical with the Athenian people, cf. § 143. The use of such instances (TrapadeiypLara) is more appropriate to drjprjyopiKoi than to diKaviKol \6yoi. A. employs them extensively in the de Pace (especially §§ 1-12). See Aristot. Bhet. A. 2 §§ 8, 13, 19 ; B. 20. ol Tvpavvoi. Hippias and Hipparchus. But Dr. Jebb Att. Or. notices that A. here confuses the scene of a battle lost by the Pisistratids (of which we have no other evidence) with that won by Pisistratus near the temple of Athene Pallenis. Herod. 5, 64. Aeooyopov. Gf. de Bed. § 26.

§ 107. rjvUa (3ao-i\evs. Neither audience nor orators ever tired of this theme. For a conventional treatment of it, see [Plat.] Mene- xenus. vop,'icravT€s. Gf. de Pace § 25 dvap,V7]orBr]Te yap rrjs f)p,epas itcelvrjs ore 'BOLCOTOIS rlva yvcopLrjv e^ovres ravra irrpdrropiev. ov% cos iKavrjv ovcrav TTJV B. dvvapnv jue#' rjp,cov yevofievrjv KOLVJJ rrdvras dvOpconovs dp,vvao~6ai.

§ 108. TX]V dpxrjv rcov lE, Kareipydo-avro : de Pace §§ 37 and 38 appears to be modelled on this passage ; ravrrjv \a(36vres d(fiopp,r)v . . . rrjv dpxrjv ra>v CE. KaT€Lpyao~dp,eda. -Athenians do not draw a 158 ANDOCEDES DE MYSTERIIS. very pleasing picture of the manner in which they acquired their empire. Gf. Thuc. 2, 63 a>s Tvpavviba yap'e^Te avrrjv K.T.A.

§ 109. dyaSol i£ a. Gf. Soph. Aj. 557 deigeis ohs ig olov Wpdcjyrjs. Hor. Garm. 4, 4, 29 Fortes creantur fortibus et bonis, apzrr}, " generosity." Gf. Thuc. 2, 40, 4. a vvv V7rdpx£i d ideXoifiev. For d with Opt. in Protasis, and primary tense of Indie, in Apod., see Goodwin M. and T. § 54, 2 (a) Gf. Isocr. 2 § 45 d 'OeXoipep . . . evprjvofxev. ib. 3 § 30. For this use of imapxet, see § 4'Note.

§ 110. iv rep 'Ekevcrivicp. Gf. [Lys.] 6 § 4, the Eleusinium at Athens. It stood at the foot of the Acropolis. 0. I. A. 3, 5 iv rco 'E. rS virb (rfi 7r)6\ei. It was the centre of the Eleusinian festival at Athens, and probably the procession started from it to Eleusis on the 19th of Boedromion (Sept. | Oct.). Plut. Alex. 31, 3. See Busolt Gk Hist. i. p. 431.

§ 111. 6 (3acri\evs. One of his chief duties was to superintend the celebration of the Mysteries. Pollux 8, 90 \ivvTt)pi<*v Tvpoio-rrjKe fjL€ra T&v iTTifjie'krjTCDv. Of these Epinleletae Harpocr. says obs 6 brj/jios e^etporovet* rio-crapes rjaav bvo fxev i£ 'AOrjvaicov aivavroav, ds be i£ EvfjLoXjnbStv KCU ds ix. KrjpvKcov. In [Lys.] 6 § 4, the speaker asks what men would think were A. himself to become King Archon, and have charge of the Mysteries.

§ 112, TT)V (TKevrjv, 'in habitu Gerycum.' M. Gf. §§ 116, 124. The office of babovxos was hereditary in the family of Hipponicus and Oallias. Xen. Hell. 6, 3, 3. For the opposition of this family to the Tyrants, see Herod. 6,121. The Hierophant was an Eumolpicl. OVTOS sc. Cephisius. 'EVKKTJS is 6 Krjpvg mentioned above. C. I. A. 2, 73. Gf. § 115. He gave such satisfaction as Kr)pv£ rrjs povkrjs teal rov drjpov that the Boule passed a motion on his death, that the Ecclesia should be asked to appoint his son to the office. ' When E., who had gone out to inquire, was gone into the Senate.'

§ 113. ' That my account is true has been testified : but my account appears to be the very opposite of that of my accusers.' The Greek is very clumsy. NOTES. 159

§ 114. avTos /xeV avrbv drraWvov. See de Red. § 8 Note. 8rj\ov on. See § 30 Note.

§ 115. ££r)yf](raLTo. Stephan. s.v. respondere de legibus ad deos per- tinentibus, interpretari quid jus fasque sit. [Lys.J 6 § 10 says A. cannot escape from the consequences of his impiety, since impiety must be punished not only by statutes, but also rols dypdcfrois (vofiois) KaO: ovs Eu/xoX7Tt8cu i^rjyovvrat ovs ovdeis TTCO Kvpios eyevero KadeXelv ovbe iroXjirjo-ev avrenrelv. Callias was not a Eumolpid, but a Ceryx : consequently Cephalus argued that he had no right to claim to interpret divine will, since that was a privilege belonging only to the Eumolpids. That this answer was valid is shown by Busolt Qh. Hist. i. p. 435, who quotes Dittenberger Syl. Inser. Gr. i. 13 Svecv be dirb p,ev rod rreXdvov KCLOOTI av 'EvfioXirldai e(^rj)yr}(o-(o)prai. Ke

§ 116. fj be o-rrjXr]. Cephalus opposed a v6{ios yeypafxfievos to Callias5 v. aypaos, which was based on a supposed opinion of Hipponicus.

§ 117. fiovkoioSe irvOeo-Qai—6 be K. rl (3. eriOei; [Probably—should be cast out after irvBicrOai. The sense appears to be, c Perhaps the question may suggest itself to you, What motive had Callias, etc' The sequence is then fiovkoio-6e irvOeo-Bai rl de K.T.X., the order being slightly altered to make Callias prominent. For avro perhaps avroi should be read.—A. W. S.] yE7ri\vi

(eTrebtKaorev avrcp TTJV iiriKkqpov)? Sandys on Dem. 45 § 75. He then received the property with the heiress. But if any one appeared to dispute his claim, the rival claims were heard in a diabiKacrla rov Kk-qpov. The party who disputed the claim, if he himself claimed the €7rLK\r)pos, had to deposit a fee of a drachma (Trapda-racns) and also one-tenth of the value of the property in dispute {jrapaKara^okrj). Hence the herald asked el ns dp,

§ 118. ra irpdyp.ara 7roPrjp6ds el%e. Of. Isaeus 1 § 12 TSP irpay- pidrcov T}\UV 7rovr)poc>s e^ovrcov. TI]V (pavepdv ovdlav. (pavep6s=what cannot be concealed, e.g. Isaeus 6 § 17 rds avpL(popas (pavepas KadeardvaL. [Lys.] 20 § 33 eoos p,ev elprjvr] rjv, ripuv (pavepd ovcria, KOL TJV 6 irarrjp dyaObs yeoopyos' eirei^r) de elaefiaXov ol 7ro\ep,ioc, irdvrcov rovrcov e

§ 119. dvbpos sc. erepov, which Lipsius inserts. TTJS p.ev ovv : ' do you claim the one before the Archon, and I will claim the other.'

§ 120. edrjKa irapdo-rao-iv, 'deposited a fee.' See § 117 Note. The girl claimed by A. having died before the Archon gave his NOTES. 161 decision, only Leager's claim to the other remained, but Leager agreed with Oallias to withdraw, and not oppose his proposed claim. That Oallias might not get her, A. began an action against Leager to compel him to support his claim, or else retire in A.'s favour. 7rpoTepq jiev. This is not regularly answered, but d de pr) dismisses both this and d pev o-v. See § 10 Note. ri>xj] ayaBfj, See L. and S. s. rv^7)> The phrase occurs in votes and lists often. Dem. 3 § 18. § 121. \ayxapei T<» vet, i enters a claim to the heiress on behalf of his son, on the tenth, to prevent me from obtaining her/ as A. would do unless Leager or some one else disputed the claim. Oallias could not claim her for himself, since he was her grandfather, and therefore excluded by law ; so he claimed her for his son, who was her uncle. See Stemma. Before the diadiKaa-ta was heard, A. was indicted, and Oallias did his best to get rid of him. After A.'s acquittal, the question as to the claims of A. and Oallias' son remained. Leager and A., as Epilycus had no male descendants, and no brothers living, were the nearest of kin according to the law of succession /car' dyxio-Teiav. The only claim Oallias' son had was as the son of Ohrysias, Epilycus5 niece. But the fact that the eVi/cX^po? also happened to be daughter of this son's sister might be used by Oallias effectively before the jury, though its legal value in determining who was entitled to the girl was nothing. For Xayxdveiv with dat.—to claim an heiress for another, cf Isaeus 6 §§ 4(5, 57, 58 : see also § 117 above Note. TOLLS S' eiKacn. ' During the last ten days of the month, during the Mysteries, that is to say, he indicts me,' i.e. joins Cephisius in the evhei&s. The month is Boedromion (Sept. | Oct.). See § 110 Note. The festival of the great Mysteries lasted for about the last twelve days of that month; the 20th was sacred to Iacchus, and was the most solemn day. On the morning of the 19th, the procession started from Athens, and slowly marched along the sacred way to Eleusis, which was nob reached till after sunset, TOVTOLS is used beiKTiKco?. For eltcades cf. Aristoph. Nub. 17. § 122. ov$ cos. This and ^S' &s and KCU &S are used in Attic prose. en Ka\ vvv, i even at the eleventh hour,' cf. Thuc. 6, 40. diicrjv S' iv rols (ptXois Sovvai, i to give compensation according to our friends' decision, i.e. submit to arbitration, iiriTptyai rots (piXois. h 162 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

A private arbitration ..took place before one or more alperol hiairrjTai, and did not admit of an appeal to the heliasts. See C. B,. Kennedy Append, to Dem. § 123. KOL KaTrjyopelv, i.e. not to think of retiring from the evbeit-ts or urging Cephisius to do so, as I had no intention of giving up my claim to the heiress, tlivov — hortatus sum. See Poppo on Thuc. 8, 86, 8. 7rapa(TK€vd{€iv aXkovs, (to work upon others,' cf. Thuc. 3, 36, 4 : a thrust at Callias. See § 1 on 7rapao~Kevr). 7T€p\ rod orcofiaros threatens a ypa(j>r) crvKocjyavTias. iv rw fxepei, vice versa, cf. Aristoph. Ban. 23. § 124. dXXa yap. For the following personalities, cf. the attack on Theramenes, Lys. 12 § 62 et seq., and on Aeschines Dem. de Cor. eVot^a-ar' avrov, ' became his father,' not ( adopted' him. rrjs jjLTjTpbs KOL rrjs 0. : referring to his official position as SaSovxos of the two Goddesses. § 125. ii-rjXaaev r) fxi)rr)p rrjv #., cf. § 128. For the repetition of the same phrase, cf. §§136 and 149, in the former of which Dobree wrongly proposed to cut out oh KOL npoo-qKei . . . dvvr)o-ovrai. § 126. eVt TOV (3(Dfx6v: the altar of Zeus Phratrius, on which the victim (fxdov) was sacrificed. 'Anarovplots. The Apaturia lasted three days and took place in Pyanepsion (Oct. | Nov.). On the third day (called Kovpe&ris) the registration of children els TOVS (ppdropas was effected. Children born within the year, or any not yet registered for some special reason, were brought by their father or Kvpioi (in this case the mother's irpoa-^Kovres) to the altar with the victim (a goat or sheep), and if no one raised any objection, the child was duly registered (in the (j)paToptKou ypap.fxare'iov). The father or Kvpios took a solemn oath that the child was the offspring of a legally married wife (rj p.r)v i% ao~Tr)s KCU. iyyvrjrrjs yvvatKos elardyeiv. Isaeus 8 § 19 ; 6 § 21). Cf. below § 127. Upeiov, i.e. the fielop sacrificed for each child. If any member of the Phratry raised an objection to the registration, the victim was led away from the altar, and the grounds of the objection examined. Dem. 43 §§ 13 and 14. Kardp{-ao~0ai) sacra exordiri. M, Hesych. Kcirdpt;. TOV lepetov. r&v NOTES. 163 rpiyav aTrocnracrai. The hair was cast into the fire on the altar, cf. Eur. El. 800. KaWiov rod CI. The full description of a man was (1) his name ; (2) his father's name; (3) his deme (e.g. 'AV$OKI§T]S Aecoyopov Kvba- B-qvaievs). But at the Apaturia, the child's name was registered with only its father's name. A child received its own name the tenth day after birth ; was recognised as the offspring of its father at the Apaturia ; was recognised by the state (as" a member of a deme) when eighteen. § 127. rjftrj fieyav ovra. It was not usual to delay the registration eh rovs (ppdropas beyond the 4th year at latest. This is an exceptional case, as that of Pamphilus and Boeotus (Dem. 39 § 4) and Leochares, who was not enrolled in the Phratry till after he had been enrolled in the deme list. (Dem. Leoch. § 41.) avrelire fiev K. See note on Upelov above. The Phratores, after investigating the objection, voted on the question of admittance. § 129. o-vpcoKTjKcbs earai. The Partic. with elvai expresses a' lasting result, and marks the fut. exactum. Kriiger Gr. 56, 3, 1. Kiihner § 353, 4, 3. § 130. ml rjvdaLjjioveL. An early reference to the past greatness of Athens, such as became so common in the next generation. Kkyb&v equivalent to (firjpr] below. Ruth. New Phryn. p. 15. An old Ionic word, surviving in colloquial Attic. os" avrov TTJV rpdire^av dvarpeirei. For Oallias' extravagance, see Aristoph. Eccles. 810. Lysias 19 § 48. Gossip affirmed that Hippo- nicus' house was haunted : the ghost, says A., was no other than Oallias, who has indeed ' upset his father's table.' akiTTjpiov, i there was a story current that H. keeps an avenging spirit in his house.' For the Act. and Pass, meanings, see § 51 Note. Of. the modern ' skeleton in the cupboard.' See Sandys on Dem. 36 § 58. Probably irkovrov is suggested by the secondary meaning of Tp&7re(a, 4 a bank.' § 132. xPWaTa zloreveyKovcriv. Cf. opening of the speech, and § 121 of Oallias' contribution. A. means that his enemies had formed an epavos (company) having for its object his ruin, and presided over hj Oephisius for ipdvapxos. Cf. Dem. 39 § 18 ' ols ipavi^ei rovrots rols irep\ avrov. 164 ANDOOIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

avrols, § 16 Note. Epanaleptic. fjLvcbv, e though I initiated,' i.e. being initiated himself he introduced for initiation certain of the foreigners with whom he had relations. Women and persons not Athenian citizens could not be initiated without the aid of a male citizen to act as TrpocrraTrjs [Dem.] 59, 21. Of course pvcbv does not mean that A. himself performed the rites, but he paid the expenses. That duty belonged only to the Ceryces and . Isocr. 4 § 157 Ei>. de KOL Kr). iv rfj rekerfj TG>V fjLvcrrrjplcoi/ K.T,\. 0. I. A. 1, 1. See also Aeschin. v. Ctes. § 18. aXka rovvavrlov . . . xPVfJL^T(0V' Parenthetical. Xyrovpytlv OVTOL irpovftaWovTo. The state services were allotted by the 4>v\al to their wealthy members in turn. But Bockh pointed out that irpovftdWovTo will not suit rapLiav below, since the Treasurers were appointed by lot (see § 77 Note). Hence \ax^v eiW must be supplied with rafilav. For the zeugma, see § 63 Note. A. belonged to the tribe Pandionis. 0. I. A. 2, 553. yvfivao-iapxov. One of the annually recurring services (iyKVKkioi \r)Tovpyiai). The decopia is one of these which recurred at longer intervals. For A.'s political life since 403 B.C., see [Lys.] 6 § 33. A. held the office of xopvyds, subsequent to this trial, at the Dionysia and gained a victory. 0. I. A. I.e. 'HCJXIKTTIOIS. At the festival of Hephaestus, at which the Lam- padephoria took place. rapbiav rav I. xp- Either ra/xtas rrjs Oeov or r. rebv aXKcov #ecw. See § 77. iv 7r6KeL, i.e. anpoTrokti.

§ 133. 'Ayvppios. For his connection with A., see Introd. § 3. He was well known as a financier, and became very popular in 394 B.C, when he caused the fee for attending the Ecclesia (iKKXrjai- ao-riKov) to be raised from one to three obols ; (2) caused the dole for amusements (deapiKov) to be restored. He was elected Strategus 388 B.C. Xen. Hell. 4, 8, 31. Plat. Com. frag. Xafiov \afiov rrjs Xetpbs cos raxivTa fiov | /xeAXco (rrparrjyov x€lPorov^LV 'Ayvpptov. He was at some period in prison a long time as a debtor to the state— probably after 387 B.C. and as the result of a prosecution on his evQwai,' in connection with the political reaction at Athens on the peace of Antalcidas. See Life of A. end, and Dem. 24 § 134. 5 KOKOS Kayados, ironical for 7rovrjp6s, See § 24 Note. NOTES. 165

dpx<*>vr}s. See § 73 Note. Chairman of a company for farming the 50th. rrjs iT€VTr)KO(TTr)s—the tax of 2 per cent on all imports and exports. It was generally let out in several portions, but Agyrrhius took a lease of the whole of the tax. See Bockh P. E. of A. E. trans. p. 317. rpirov eros, i two years ago,' i.e. 401 B.C. fX€T€(rxov : contributed to the joint-stock company, and shared the profits. Cf. Lycurg. § 58. oi TrapacrvWeyevres — ' who wrongfully assembled,' i.e. ' formed a ring.' Kal fjLr) vTrepfiakovcri, ' both to make money by not bidding higher and to share in the profits of the tax when let at a low price.' The two advantages are distinct: if all at the sale combine (1) there will be no competition of rival companies; hence each contributes less than he would have to do otherwise in order to get the lease. Each therefore gains something at once. (2) the tax will be sold for less, and therefore bring a larger profit for the members to share. § 134:. els rr\v (BovXrjv. The ten 7ra)\r}Tai sold the tax to the highest bidder. They (like the Practores and Apodectae) were officers of the Boule, which controlled both the receipt and expenditure of the revenue, and sanctioned the contracts granted. But the Ecclesia voted war supplies, had the final decision on all matters of finance, and devised extraordinary means of raising money when required. Karao-TTjaras iyyvrjrds. § 73 Note. § 135. on avdpooTros ovroo-i K.T.X. Cf. § 49 Note. elo-di-ei, by means of a presentment ((f>dais) for an offence against the revenue. See § 88 Note. Kal diKaloos Kal ddUco?. Cf. § 1. See Index, s.v. KaL

§ 136. vfjuv 8e ye, § 68 Note. rjBeXov av. A somewhat arrogant expression, ' My will would be that you should have as many citizens as possible like myself, and that these people should, if possible, utterly perish.' (It cannot be right to translate as though A. had said ifiov\6pr}v av.) dirokoikevai echoes dirokel above. Kal fiov\6pevoi, ' if they wish, they will be able to benefit you.' See § 125 Note. The relative is implied in this member of the re­ lative clause. 166 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

Kokaoreiv. This verb, like Xoibopelp, oscillates between the Mid. and Act. form. Kuth. New PJiryn. p. 410. Kriiger Gr. § 40. The act. fut. forms of both are rare. Plat. Bep. 389 D. Dem. 22, § 39, Lycurg. § 10. § 137. nepl TCOP pavKXrjpicop. Gf. [Lys.] 6 § 19. cos apa. See § 4 Note. ivkeiv rrjp 6. [Lys.] I.e. vavKk-qpia iinBipiepos TTJP BdXarrap eirXei. elra marks inconsistency, as often after a partic. e.g. Lys. 19 § 51 : Isocr. 18 § 63 el 7roXXd ra>p ifiavrov bebairapr}pLepos els rr\v TTOXIP elra bo^aipa TOLS dXXorplois iiufiovXeveip. It is common in Tragedy. § 138. Tpifjpcov . . . OVO-CDV Ka\ XTJO-TCOP. ( Very often it happens that one noun in the Gen. Abs. has several participles agreeing with it, and vice versa, though not so often, several nouns accompanying one partic. In the latter, as a rule, the partic. agrees with the nearest noun.' E. H. Spieker A. J. of Phil. vol. vi.

§ 139. OVK cop. See § 92. If Cephisius' case has any foundation, then he is cirtfjios as a state debtor, and not a citizen. vivovoelv. § 9 Note. § 140-end. Epilogue. § 140. iiti TifjLGoplap K.T.X. : an appeal for the maintenance of the amnesty. napa rrdprcov 6poXoyovjji€pcos = o)s irapa TT. SfioXoyelraL. For Sfxoko- yelardai with napa, in place of VTTO, see Kriiger Gr. § 52, 5, 1. For an Adv. formed from a Partic. (generally the Perf. Pass.) constructed like the verb from which it is formed, cf. Isocr. 5 § 14

§ 145. afiaprovra. A slip, for he has repeatedly protested his complete innocence. He means 'as an offender,' the partic. being realistic. aXkovs l§la £evovs, 'and private friends as well.' Shilleto on Dem. de F. L. § 94. ' The same use of ciXXos as in the well-known instances TCOV TTOXLTCOV KCL\ TCOV aWoov £ev

§ 146. ovToas. See § 20 Note. o'lx^rai TTCLV Trpoppcfrv, § 53 Note. But in Soph. Elect. 765 there is an important difference in the addition of the article—TO TTCLV irpop- pi£ov o'lx^raL yevos = the ivhole family, whereas here TTCLV oix^ai = it vanishes utterly, root and branch, irpoppi^ov coming as a climax. On the use of TTCLS without article (in prose as well as poetry), see Shilleto on Dem. de F. L. § 86, and Dr. Jebb on Soph. Fleet. 301. Gf. O.T. 823. For the pres. ecrriv and oix^rai, of something fated to happen, cf. § 149 Note. Aristoph. Fq. 199. The use of the tense is the same as in § 41. KXecxfrcov. On the murder of Androcles (Spring of 411 B.C.) he became leader of the extreme democrats. Aristoph. Thesm. 805 (produced 411 B.C). He had taken a considerable part in expelling the Hermocopids : this partly accounts for A.'s intense dislike. In 410, when full democracy was restored, Cleophon proposed and carried the reinstitution of the fees for state services, which had been abolished in 411. Aeschin. de F. L. § 76 attacks him for this, and for his warlike policy towards Sparta. In 410, after the battle of Cyzicus, and in 405 after that of Aegospotami, he persuaded the Athenians to refuse Sparta's terms. See Aristoph. Ban. 1533. He was condemned and put to death on a false charge shortly before the fall of Athens (Lys. 30 § 12) through the oligarchs. He died poor (Lys. 19 § 48). See Grote Gk Hist, viii. p. 19. 6 XvpoTTOLos. For the dislike felt by moderate democrats and oligarchs for manufacturers who engaged in politics, see Grote, Gk. Hist. iii. p. 138 Note.

§ 147. xpWara §iaxeipio~avT€s, 'handled your money,' i.e. when in office. Gf. Lys. 19 § 48 ; de Bed. § 17. ovbiva TT(OTTOT€ (b(p\ov, ' were never declared liable for any,' i.e. were never condemned on their evBvvai. NOTES. 169

§ 148. o-cQo-ai, epexegetic of fie. The most impassioned part of the Peroration is here reached and ends at p,r} br/ra. See § 144, Note. (Aristotle states that one part of the peroration should consist CK TOV els ra TTCLOT) TOV aKpoarrjv KaracTTrja-ac—as here.) Dem. de Cor., the conclusion of which is highly animated, is a well-known exception to the rule.

aXXa Te6vrjKev K.r.X. Cf. de Pace. § 14 TLVOS eveKa 7ro\efjL7]0-(DiJLev} tva f) TTOXLS ekevOepa fj ; dXkd rovro ye avrfj virdp-^ei. aXX' OTTCOS rjfjuv relx^} yevqrai; and so on. ak\d is used thus in answering the real or imaginary objections of an adversary. Aristoph. Acharn. 406 Ev. dXX' ov cr^oX?}. ALK. aW eKKVKkr]6rir\ Ev. dXX' dbvvarov. A. dXX' Specs. Cf. Antiph. 5 § 58.

§ 149. QerrdXovs KCU 'A. 7roXlras. Cf. de Bed. § 23. For ols 7rpocrr)- Kei, see § 136 and § 125 Note. rovrovs t)e aTroXXvre. Cf. Isocr. 4 § 98 a §' ecrrw tbia KCU TT)S fjye- fjiovlas a£ia . . . ravra 6" efiov epyov idrlv elirelv for this epanalepsis. See § 16 Note. In this phrase de is used in apodosis. Kriiger Qr. § 69, 16, 4. rav& : of what follows : § 20 Note. e\xo\ p,ev ireiSofievoL K.T.X. Here el bwrjo-ofjicu, and in the next sen­ tence ovft av ixera^eX-qcrr}, are parenthetical. Hence there are not really two protases, OVK dirocrrepelade L. and S. consider Fut., but I have no doubt that it is a Present expressing danger in the future — 6 you run no risk of being disappointed of any benefit I shall be able to do you': cf. the usage in § 146 Note. Goodwin M. and T. § 1,7; Kriiger Gr. § 53, 1, 9. diroo-Tepelo-dai^to be disappointed of one's due, not to get what one ought to get.

§ 150. dgico §' eycoye. Cf. the conclusion of Isocr. 20. eyco p,ev ovv cos olds r' fjv e'lprjKct irepl TOV irpdypLaTOS' el de TLS TCOV napovTcov €X€l TL [lot, orvvenre'iV) dvafids els vfxds XeyeVoo. "Avvre. This A., one of Thrasybulus' chief supporters, enjoyed great power. Isocr. 18 § 23. He had been one of the leaders of the exiles at Phyle in 403 B.C. Xen. Hell. 2, 3,44. Lys. 12 § 78. See § 80 Note. For his tactics in the courts, see § 74. But no hint is given of any bribery in this case. Kecj)aXe. Cephalus did much to raise Athens between 403 and 395 B.C. Being a demagogue, he was attacked by the comic poets. 170 ANDOCIDES DE MYSTERIIS.

Aristoph. Eccles. 248 (B.C. 391). But Dem. de Cor. § 219 mentions him with Thrasybulus of Collytus among prjTopes evho^oi KOL fieyaXot; and Aeschin. v. Ctes. § 194 as d-qfioriKcaraTos. Plat. Com. frag. (36

II.

DB BEDITU.

nepl rrjs i. Kct66dov. Harp. s. v. oppcade'iv quotes this speech (§ 7) by the title irep\ rrjs dbeias, and the latter describes it more correctly. See § 23. § 1. el fiev . . . o7rov \iivToi. Cf. de Myst. § 57. fj et Tiff €T€po$ fiovXoiTo. Blass rightly pronounces these words both redundant and arrogant. They mar the thought : for A. draws attention to the conduct of men who object to their country receiving benefits; no additional point is gained by this reference to his own importance—a matter entirely airpoo-faowcrov. c Or supposing a worse man than I wished to do so.; Presently an&vTcov KOWT) refers to the democratic principle, lo-ovojiia. Thuc. 2, 37 ; 6, 39.

§ 2. TOVS fiev 7Tp., TOVS de TaycL fieWovTas. For this use of /xe\Xe«/, cf. § 19, Isocr. 4 § 136 ra fiev e'xet ra be /xeXXet. 7rap€o-rr}K€. Cf. de Myst. § 54 ; below § 24. irepiKaovrai . . . iiravpecrBai. The former does not occur elsewhere in good Attic, and this is the sole instance of iiravpevBaL in Attic prose. This passage must have amazed a trained orator, but both these words must have been in existence in colloquial language : otherwise it is inconceivable that A. could have used them in the Ecclesia. As for nepiKaovTai, Suidas quotes it in the dream of Clearchus of Heraclea, when he came to Athens to hear Plato 368 B.C. If he drew from an Attic source, it shows the word was in use; though even then it might be an affectation of an old Ionic usage. For eiravpeo-Oai^ see Kiihner Gr. § 416, 3. Ruth. JSfeio Phryn. p. 30. * It is a distinct instance of an old word quite uncalled for.J E.g. II. 6, 353. dnoXaveiv took its place in Attic. rJToi dfiaBea-TCLTovs K.T.X. Cf. Thuc. 3, 42 TOVS be \6yovs o

§ 3. bvo-fxevels av ehv—merely, a polite form for dvo-fxevels dariy as the prot. shows. So constantly in Aristotle. €l(rayyei\avTos a. els TTJV fiovX-qv. See § 21 Note. Gf. Aristoph. Eq. 642 et seq. TT€p\ 7rpayixdr(ov. § 21. fov aTToriKco-Bevraiv is not gen. abs., but depends on fjisi&vs. The Orators seldom use the rel. or interrog. jDronoun as subject in the gen. abs. See E. H. Spieker in A. J. of Phil. vol. vi. ' The early Orators, Antiphon and Andoc, use it [the gen. abs.] in a simple easy way ; no cases of o>s or of av, or of rel. or interrog. pron. as subject.' d(j}3 iavrcov. Gf. Thuc. 5, 60 d(ji3 iavrcop KCL\ OV TOV 7r\rjBovs KCXCV- crav elirov. Runner Gr. § 430, 1, d.

§ 4. vjids TL dyadbv e£ ifxov irpd^ai. Reiske thought this expression so strange that he proposed to alter irpd^ai. But ev irpdrreLv may be used with a preposition—dirdy ex, irapd,—or with plain gen.; e.g. Soph. 0. T. 1006. See Ruhner Or. § 417, 3. So ^eXdaBai with gen. occurs in Antiphon 5, 17 = to reap the benefit of while dxfieXelo-Bai with €K or diro is a regular construction. E.g. Plat. Euthyphro. 15. But for ev, KCIKCOS rrpdrreLv there are the alternative dyaBov TI, KCIKOP TL TrpdrreLVf e.g. Isocr. 2 § 20 irpd^eiv TL irapd TCOV BGCDV dyaBov. Gf. above § 1 TTJV nokiv ep,e TL irourjo-ai dyaBov. Ruhner § 411, 5, cites Aristoph. Eccles. 108 for irpdrreiv in place of TVOL^IV—COOT* dyaBov TL irpd^ai rrjv 7T6\LP, but TTJV TTQXLV is probably subject, not object, of dyaBov TL irpd^ai, which = et$ irpa^ai, not ev iroLrjo-ai. TrpaTTCLV for iroieiv is poetical ; e.g. Aesch. Ghoeph. 432. There are a few doubtful prose cases ; e.g. Dem. 37 § 24.

§ 5. TO 6° Icrxvpov TOVTO. i But the only substance that can be found in their statements is this, that they reproach me at every turn with my misfortunes, and that too before you, who of course know better, so that none of these statements would justly bring them any credit.' For this use of the Demonstrative to anticipate an Infin. clause, see Ruhner Gr. § 469, 3. Reiske inserted TO before TCLS efxds, but it is not necessary. iv eldoo-i. Gf. Thuc. 2, 36 ; 4, 59 ; 6, 77. irdvTts avBpcoiroi K.TX. l all men are apt to meet with good and bad luck.' So y. €m TCO 7roTafjLCQ, ' to reach,' Thuc. 7, 84, 3. Gf. Thuc. 2, 87 Tats Tvxai>s ivSexeo-Bai cr(pdW€aBat TOVS dvBpayjrovs. 3, 45 7recj)v- NOTES. 173 marl re airavTes KOL Ibla KOL S-qfxocriq dfiapTapeip. 4, 18 yvoafirj afjiaXepTes iv a) IT am TO avro Ojiotajs VTrdp^i. i Simonides : 7rdp,7rap & a/xcojuoy OVTLS OVT aKrjptos. Sopater ap. Stobaeus p. 313 o-vfx(j)VTop TO afiapTaveiv dp6 parrots.' Wass quoted by Poppo. €7Tl TS €V KOL KCIKCOS 7TpCLTT€lV. de Myst. § 145. bvo-irpa^ia not often used in prose. Gf. Isocr. 6 § 102. So evyvaficDv. Vid. L. and S.

§ 7. 8vpdp,€L. Dobree explains this by eloquentia, but it rather means the influence the other members of the Club had over A. Gf. de Myst. § 67 dpTeiirop KOL iXoidoprjcra, but A.'s scruples were at the time overcome. See Append. o-vixcj)opap TCOV (ppepcop. In history av^opd is naturally commoner of the troubles of states than of individuals. See de Myst. § 73 Note. Shilleto on Thuc. 1, 140. It is used constantly of the disasters of war. E.g. Thuc. 5, chs. 14, 17, 28, 32, 111 ; 6, chs. 10, 89. Seldom in Thuc. of private misfortunes, 6, 16 ; 8, 81. It is a favourite word with the Orators, esp. Lysias, for raising the sympathy of the jury, either by dwelling on one's own crvfKjbopat, or, less frequently, on what one had done for others in theirs. Isocr. uses it often of Athens' troubles. Gf. de Myst. §§ 107 and 142. ib. § 140, of other com­ munities ; below § 9. For the rare use of

§ 8. o-(j)as avTovs instead of vfias avTovs. Gf. de Myst. § 114 avTos avTop for avTos ejiavTop. In such cases the pron denotes merely reflex action, and leaves the person indefinite. See Kiihner Gr. § 455, b. See Index, s.v. acfras. § 9. Kai o/xoos. 'And yet I am quite unable to avoid being the most unlucky man on earth, since while the state was drifting into these disasters, no one was nearly becoming more ill-fated than I was, and when it was once more recovering its security, I became of all 174 ANDOCIDES DE REDITU. men the most miserable.' A. refers to his disclosures, which had the double effect of relieving the state and causing his banishment. Cf. de Myst. § 68. Let the learner note the nominative dvorvxe- (TTCITOS. ore brj = quoniam. Kiihner Gr. § 500, 6. ovbeis ipov, i.e. fj eycb r]px^Mv yiy^o-Sai—for he nearly became 1 his father's murderer.' Thuc. 2, 47.

§ 10. ra pev . . . ra Be. So cle Pace § 37. irparreiv re TOICLVTCL . . . oirov. Here oirov = iv ots. Of. de Myst, § 72 roiavrrjv airokoyiav iroir)o~opai, oirov (i.e. iv fj) ; ib. § 128. rrjs re peB^ vp&v iroXirelas K.T.X. Dr. Jebb points out that iKetvqs refers to Athens, Sevpi to Cyprus. Lipsius' emendation makes e£ fjs bevpl p. apply to A.'s return to Athens, but the alteration mars the picture of A.'s misery in his absence. iroXirela, public life, is con­ trasted with StWa, private intercourse, but there is no need to repeat the article when two words do not apply to the same thing : cf. Thuc. 1, 10 ras peytaras Kai iXaxlara?. On the other hand, the article may be repeated when two words apply to the same thing, e.g. cle Myst. § 1 rrjv irapao-Kevr}v KOL rrjv irpodvpiav. A. here recalls his thoughts in Cyprus. For his frame of mind when in Cyprus, see the opening of Chap. v. of Macau!ay's Hist, of JEng.

§ 11. 'ApxeXaov. King of Macedon 413-399 B.C. The timber of Macedon and Chalcidice was esteemed above all other for building, and especially ship-building. Xen. Hell. 6, 1, 11 ; Thuc. 4, 108. crirov re Kai X<^KOV, from Cyprus.

§ 12. vavpaxovvres refers to the first battle of Cynossema 411 B.C. The impression produced at Athens by that victory was exactly such as to give rise to A.'s language. Thuc. 8, 104. There is no reference to the battle of Cyzicus, as A., speaking in the summer of 410 B.C, could not use iv rS rore XP^VC9 °f it. 6 Ktvdvvos rjv. Of. the use of the past tenses of KivSvvevco without av. Goodwin M. and T. § 49, 2 (d). l K. irepl rod prjbe avrovs crtoOrjvai—K. prj ovff avrol o-ooBehv, a risk lest not even they themselves should be saved.' Dr. Jebb. According to our ideas, prjde should be Kai, but a negative is sometimes inserted in Greek in the second member of a NOTES. 175 comparison, when the prevailing notion is negative. See Shilleto on the idiom jiaXkov rj ov, Thuc. 2, 62.

§ 13. OVK 6\iycp fjioi K.T.X. Take fxoi with Trapa ypwfJLrjp e^ovra. For A.'s first return, cf. [Lys.] 6 § 27. ra ivravda npaypara. What A. failed to discover before reaching Athens was (not the establishment of the Four Hundred, of which he knew, §11, but) the revulsion of feeling at Samos. Hence the un­ expected reception to be met with at Athens. rjKovra. See de Myst. § 25 Note. els rrjv (3ov\-f)p, i.e. before the Four Hundred, who then formed the Senate. Thuc. 8, 70.

§ 14. ivdeLKpvco : de Myst. § 33 dirobeiKWfii. Arist. Eq. 278 TOVTOP\ TOP avbp iya> 'pdetKPVjjLL See Veitch GJc. V. I. and D. s.v. deiKPVfiL. The MSS. of the Orators vary between the forms in -\ii and -co. ol iir\ o-Tparias. ' By that time it had become evident that the men on service were opposed to the Four Hundred'—which had not become clear when A. started for Athens. For eVt arpanct?, cf. Arist. Vesp. 354. § 15. TrpoorirrjSco 7rp6s TTJP kurlap : de Myst. § 44 Note. § 16. ifjLavrop d7T(o\oaiWo K.T.\. Of. § 9 ; de Myst. § 68. evdapcre'iv [A harsh and unusual use of infin. without article, esp. in an oblique case. Of. Thuc. 3, 40, ^vyypcD/jajp afiaprelp X^yfropTai. —A.W.S.] § 17. ocrco ra roiavra. i How far such conduct as this differs from ordinary services.' See de Myst. § 30 Note, for roiovros. 6t n rvyx&vovcnp. Gf. § 4. A. must have thought of the recent battle of Oyzicus, and would probably have referred to it more distinctly were it not that he would thus have rendered this passage still more arrogant than it already is. eV co K.TX. See Hor. JEp. 2, 2,14. § 18. (TT€(f)apovpTai. de Myst. § 45. § 19. ra fieWopra. Gf, Thuc, 8, 73 TO /xe'XAoy = the scheme, 176 ANDOCIDES DE REDITU.

T) fiov\r}. For the apposition, cf. Thuc. 8, 86 TTJV ftovXrjv, rovs nevra- KOO-IOVS. air lav *x€lv '• i-e- when they rendered their accounts after going out of office. Cf. cle Myst. § 15 Note.

§ 20. &ITOS . . . T)f~tu>. Cf. Thuc. 8, 90 rov ecniXiovra crlrov. (BovXevo-avras e<£' V/MV, i.e. iiriftovkevo-avras v\xiv. Cf. cle Myst. § 94 ; Lys. 3 § 42 virep hv ifiovXevo-av KOL 7rpovvor]0irjcrav.

§ 21. ibet-dfirjv §' av, K.T.A. Cf. Isocr. 13 § 11 eycb de irpb TTOW&V fxev av €TLfxr](rdfir]v rrfkiKOvrov bvvavOai TTJV

§ 22. vvv de is carelessly repeated. Cf. a double ovv in Thuc. 8, 57, 2 ; a double autem in Oic. cle Fin. 3, 19. x^Plv ^xpdv. Cf. cle Myst.

yvovres re Kal v., i.e. TTJV cibeiav. This refers to the cideia promised to all who should give information. (See cle Myst. § 11.) A special vote however had to be passed in each case. See Append, {a), cf § 23, and the case of Teucrus, cle Myst. § 15. el fiev /3., alrco, el de p.r) £., dirairoi. I think Lipsius errs in altering the text with Dobree, and that the latter is wrong in trans­ lating dTvaiTG) . . . alrcb, reddite . . . date. a7ratra) = (l) to demand back what has wrongly been taken away ; (2) to ask for a reward for services rendered. The latter is the meaning here. Cf. de Myst. § 147 ; Plat. Hep. 394 A v7Topaf.ivr]o-KOiv Ka\ dirairSiv, el ri irco-nore . . . Kexapio-fjcevov daprjarairo. Trans. ' I ask you for what you gave me . . . and afterwards took away ; or, if you refuse that, I claim it as a reward (viz. for the services mentioned above).'

§ 23. dovXocs KOI £evois. Cf. de Myst. § 149. These statements show whence Athens obtained men at the end of the war. When large numbers were enfranchised after the battle of Cyzicus, those who served on board in the battle—among whom were t)ov\oi, and i-evot,— NOTES. 177 no doubt received citizenship. The expedient was again adopted after the battle of Arginusae 406 B.C., before which all, slaves and free alike, capable of serving, were pressed into sea service. Aristoph. Ban. 693; Xen. Hell, 1, 6, 24. Ever since the great plague, the population of Attica declined both in numbers and quality. The results of modern speculations will be found in Whibley's Political Parties in Athens. TOO-OVTOV : of what follows, in place of roarovde.

§ 24. 7rap€(rrr]K€p. Gf. de Myst. § 54. dLaPepXrjo-Be. See de Myst. § 141 Note.

§ 25. fiacravov — Tkeyxov. Gf. de Myst. § 30. § 26. etXero fiaWou . . . pdXkov rj. Gf. Antiph. 5 § 59. The doubling of a comparative is very common ; e.g. Isocr. 12 § 117 KpeirTco . . . fiaWov rj. Gf. de Myst. § 7 Note. 8r)fjLOTLK&. Aristoph. Vesp. 710; Av. 1584. ol 8 = tke constitu­ tional party. ak\a vvv ye—noiv, at least. See Jebb on Soph. O.G. 1276 aXX5 vixels ye. Gf. Lys. 10 § 15 av 7rcos aXka vvv iir\ rov ^rj/jiaros TraidevQrj, where Reiske unnecessarily inserted y before eVi. § 27. etc drjfjLOKparlas bvvacrreiav K. Gf. Lys. 28 § 11 oXiyapxiav etc SrjfjLOKpaTLas KaSla-Trjo-LV. Isocr. 5 § 89 dirao-i o-vveireaev i£ dbogcov fxev yevecrOai \ap,iTpolsi €K Trevrjrcov be 7TXOVCTLOLS. A. refers to the establishment of the Four Hundred 411 B.C., through Pisander and others. He disguises the fact that Pisander professed himself a democrat when the decree of Isotimides was passed, bvvao-reia is the worst form of oligarchy. Thuc. 3, 62, 4.

§ 28. aKvpovs Were (3ov\ds. For the overthrow of the Four Hundred, see Thuc. 8, 97. TLOTJUI for TTOLCO is rare in prose, common in Homer, e.g. II. 6, 139. aTe\r) rr)v y. TToir)arai. Notice that are A?} is synonymous with aKvpovs, yv(opr)v with fiovkds, 7roir)(rat with Were. See de Myst. § 8 Note. rots vfiodv avTcov exOla-roLs. Here e^dio-ros is a subst. : and so is constructed with genitive ; cf Thuc. 8, 46, 1. (Poppo Proleg. 122). pf)re yevrjade—the mild request (Sov\oip,r)v av . . . Troirjcrai is ex­ changed for the more vigorous prohibition. M APPENDIX.

ON THE CONNECTION OP ANDOCIDES WITH THE MUTILATION OF THE HERMAE.

MY conviction that A. was an accomplice in one of the two outrages of 415 B.C. will have been gathered from the Life of the Orator. I will briefly set down the reasons which force this con­ viction upon me, in spite of A.'s statements in the de Myst. That he had admitted his guilt is manifest, for the following reasons : (a) As he was a male citizen and a man of position, there was nothing to prevent him from making an da-ayyekla in the Senate in 415 B.C. : or, even granting that he could not do this, as he was himself suspected, there would have been no need for him to obtain the promised vote of adeia, before making his firjvvcns, to secure immunity from punishment. See note on de Myst. § 11. (b) Had he not admitted his guilt, he would have had no need to quit Athens in 415 B.C., since he would not have been subject to the Decree of Isotimides. That he was obliged to quit Athens, he hints even in the de Myst. (§§ 5, 144, 145). The reasons for believing that this admission of his guilt corre­ sponded with the facts are the following : 1. The positive statement of Thucydides (6, 60) that A. was thought to be among the most guilty. This only proves that there was a general opinion that Dioclides was right in denouncing A., and much stress must not be laid on it alone. 2. In the de Bed. he admits the truth of this general opinion. Why did he not assert his innocence if he wished to be released from his penalties ? 3. The account in de Myst. (§§ 61-64, § 71) will not bear ex­ amination : (A) Euphiletus suggested the mutilation at a social gathering of his club. A.'s opposition prevented the immediate execution of the design. Subsequently, however, A. met with an accident, and was laid up at home. Thereupon Euphiletus told the rest that A.'s 178 APPENDIX. 179 objection had been overcome, and that he had agreed to take part in the mutilation. Hence, according to A., Euphiletus and the rest were eager to carry out the design, and did so on the first opportunity. Therefore (1) Euphiletus told a false story about A., who, though injured, had not withdrawn his opposition. But A. would certainly hear of the mutilation : besides being opposed to the plot, he had been misrepresented by Euphiletus, and this A. also naturally heard of from members of the club who were indignant that he had not executed the part he had, according to Euphiletus, undertaken. A. had therefore a twofold reason to be incensed with Euphiletus, and the latter must have foreseen beforehand that this would be the case. There would be a serious risk that A. would give information, if only to square accounts with Euphiletus. Is it probable that Euphiletus would be prepared to run such a risk, knowing how serious would be the consequences of exposure in such a matter 1 He would have been putting his neck in the halter by telling such a tale as A. says he told. (2) A. had all along been opposed to the plot, and had been misrepresented by Euphiletus. Yet he allowed himself, his father, relatives, and friends to be thrown into prison on a lying information, when a few words from him could at once have prevented this. He allowed two senators to be falsely denounced, and a gross outrage to be inflicted on their rights. He said nothing to confute the cock-and-bull story of Dioclides, though three hundred citizens were in danger. These inferences follow directly from A.'s own words ; and he actually takes credit to himself for having concealed the facts so long ! (§ 67.) Are we to suppose that A. really did all this in 415 B.C., or that he misrepresented the facts in 399 B.C., when but few members of Euphiletus' club were living 1 (3) Since Euphiletus and the rest were determined to carry out the mutilation, what was gained by delaying till A. was ill? His opposition had not ceased. Euphiletus at least knew this, and the rest would know it the next morning. From these considerations I conclude that A. did not really oppose the plot when Euphiletus suggested it, or, even if he did, his opposi­ tion was overcome. This tallies with his wail over his i youth and folly' in the de Reditu § 7, and ' the influence of those who persuaded him.' 180 APPENDIX.

Was A. present on the night in question ? (B) The Hermes which stood near his house was the only one that remained uninjured. -A. refers to this (cle Myst. § 62) in support of the truth of his story in 399 B.C., i.e. of his innocence in 415. (1) It is not the case that this was the only Hermes uninjured. See § 62 Note. (2) If it were true, or if it were merely an exaggeration, how would it be a o-rj^lov of his innocence ? Evidently because Euphiletus pretended that A. had promised to mutilate that Hermes. But Euphiletus knew that A. would not mutilate the bust, being ill in bed and opposed to the plot. Surely Euphiletus would have taken steps to get this bust mutilated somehow, so that the falsity of his story might not become apparent the next morning. (3) Hence it appears probable that A. really did undertake to mutilate this Hermes. Consequently, Plutarch says that the escape of this bust told against A. at the time; i.e. having undertaken to mutilate it, he shrank from an outrage on the image in the keeping of his family. (4) In 415 B.C., A. declared himself guilty ; in 399 B.C. he declared that he was laid up on the night in question. Now, if this were so, why did he not, when he returned to Athens in 411 and 410 B.C. adopt this line of defence, namely, that though he had been cognisant of the plot beforehand, still he had taken no part in carrying it out ? (5) What meaning can the words afxaprovra npa^at KCLKOOS (§ 145) have, except that A. had like others discovered that guilt was visited with punishment, that it was reserved r<5 bpao-avn izaBfiv ? (6) Lastly, the statements on the matter in 410 B.C. are more likely to be true than those in 399 B.C., as they were nearer to the events with which they dealt, and A. had not then the shield of the Amnesty with which to defend himself against any threat of sub­ sequent proceedings for having practically admitted that his prjvvcns in 415 B.C. was, at least in some respects, false. Therefore I conclude that A. fully intended to be present at the mutilation,- and that if he was not present, his absence was due to scruples at the last minute, or to the fear of detection. This con­ clusion renders more intelligible the extreme disgust of the oligarchs when A. made his disclosures. INDEX I. i. ~de Mysterlis; ii. = ^e Reditu. The numbers following refer to sections ; when they are enclosed in square brackets the reference is to a Psephism.

'Ayadol e£ dyadwp, i. 109. dyaOop n iroirjvcu TTJP TT6XLP, ii. 1 ; d. ii. 9. TL ir. rotis woXlras, ii. 17, 18, 23; 'AKOV/JLCPOS, i. 18.

d. TL ipydaaadai TTJP ITSXLP, ii. 10, &KPLTOS, i. 94, 115, 121. 16, 18; d. TL &c TLPOS irpat-ai, ii. 4; aKpoaaOdL TT)S diroXoylas^ i. 9; TTJP cf. ii. 2. dupoacTLV TTJS dirokoyias iroLeiadaL, ib. 'AyapicrTT), i. 16. dKpoiroXLs, i. 42, 45, 76. Of. TTOXIS. dyopd, i. 36, 45, 76; ii. 8. Tj'Iirirooa- dKvpos, i. 8, 72, 99, 103; ii. 28. fieia d., the Agora of Piraeus, i. &KWP, in gen. abs., i. 9. 45. 'AXe&inros, i. 18. dypacfros, i. [85], 86, [87], 89. dXLTifjpLos, accursed, i. 51; cm evil 'Aytippios, i. 133. spirit, i. 130, 131. ayoova dyotplfcadaL, i. 20. 'AX/a/Stacfys, ii. 11-14, W. dSeta, i. 11, 12, 15, 20, 22, 34, [77]; 'AA/a/3tdc>77s 6 ^^oiAnos, i. 65. ii. 23, 27. ''AXKL(Td<:P7)5, i. 35. 'Adei/JLavTos, i. 16. 'AXK/JL^OOP, i. 47. ddeQs, i. 105. 'AXKfJLeupldrjs, i. 16. ddeXcpoi, sister and brother, i. 47. dXXd in viroj i. 22, 23, 73, 101,103, 124, 'Adrjvat, ii. 12; 'AQTJIHUOI, i. 11, 17, 128, 130, 132. 39, 45, 51, 53, 58, 91, 135, 137 ; dXXd PVP ye, ii. 26. ii. 6, 17, 22, 24. 'Aefyritri, i. 62, dXX' % except, i. 22. [96, 97]. ciXXos, praeterea, i. 145. Alavris, i. [96]. dXX' oi) in place of /cat otf, i. 21, 56; Alyrjs, i. 62. dXXd fjirj in place of teal /JLTJ, ii. 1. Atyiva, i. 65. 'A/JLICLPTOS, i. 65. Atyta609, applied to Callias' son, i. dfJL!J7)T0S, i. 11, 12. 129. dfA(pi

&v omitted, i. 101; ii. 12; to be eavr&v, ii. 4; dird, temporal, only omitted, i. 21. in d7r' Eu/cXeidou tipxovros, Vid. dvd, in groups of, i. 38. EikAeicfys. dvaypd(p€LP Popovs, i. 82, [83, 84], 85, direp, plur. for sing, form, i. 123. 86, 89; d. h o-r-nXcus, i. 51. dirofiaXelv TTJV dcnrida, i. 74. dpddtKOL diKai, i. 88. dirofiakelv el's rt, i. 4. dvddTjfAa, of the Hermae, i. 34. diroypd^eiv, i. 13, 15, 17, 19, 34, 43, 'AvaKeiov, temple of the Dioscuri, 47, 67. i. 45. diroypcup'r), i. 23.

dvaKr}pi!>TT€ii>, ii. 18. diroKkypovv j3ov\r)p} i. 82. dvaicpiveiv, i. 101. d7ro/co7rat %/)ewz>, i. 88. dvaifkeiv eh 'JtiWrjairovTOv, els 'Iwviav, aTroXocfiijpeadai, ii. 16. i. 76. dirSpprjTa, ii. 3, 20. Fid. eV. dvaTpeirew TTJV rpdire^av, i. 131 ; d. diroireipaadaL, i. 105.

TOV irXoVTOV, T7]V (TC0^>pOCnJV7]V3 TOV diroarepelade, Pres. or Fut. ?, i. 149. BXKov (3ioi> airavra, ib. diro7t0u)j>, i. 15. dpx^j a magistrate, i. 86. 17 dpxn TQV avToaveiGOai, i. 134. 'mXfyw, i. 108; cf. i. 130. "AVVTOS, i. 150. ApxV fyx«"> i- ?3> 90> [96> 9?L 147. 'A^OXOJ, i. 16. :Apx^oLfxos, i. 35. dirdyew, i. 94, 105. 'Apxmiros, i. 13. diraywyri, i. 88, 91. dpX&VOS TV? ireVT7)K0CTT7)S, i. 133. iLirais dppevwv iraidwv, i. 117. dcrrpareias d' drifjios, i. 73, 74, 75, 93 ; roi)s dri/xovs INDEX. 183

e-n-LTi/uLovs iroirjaai, i. 73, SO, 103, 107, pw^bs, of Zeus Phratrius in the 109. chapel of the Ceryces, i. 126, 127. - drifjLodu, i. 33, 106. Yap in parenthesis, i. 15, 27, 55, 57, avrUa, for example, i. 4. avrodev, ii. 21. 100, 117 ; ii. 4, 15; namely, i. 20. avrol, ultro, i. 9. ye—ws ye, i. 70; dXXa vvv ye, ii. 26 ; avTos . . . eiteivos, of the same person, &XX' odp . . . ye, but at all events, ii. 18 ; ftpa ye, i. 4, 86 ; ye fihroi, i. 64. Cf. i. 20. ii. 20; de ye, i. 68, 136; de . . . ye, avTOKparwp, i. 15. ii. 7 ; eirel . . . ye, i. 94; rj . . . AvTOKp&TOOp, i. 18. ye, i. 30, 102; ^ irov . . . ye, avrbv, in place of efiavrbv, i. 114. heightening a contrast after an 'AfaQlw, i. 43, 44. adverbial clause, i. 24, 86, 90; Kal . . . ye, ay, and, i. 126; B&pPapos, i. 107; jS. x^pa, i- 138. KacToiye, i. 72; fiiv ye, ii. 2, 19; pacravifriv, i. 22, 64. /lev 8rj ye, i. 20; olov re ... ye p&cravos, investigation, i. 30; ii. 25. limiting the application, ii. 26 ; pacrtXevs, the second archon, i. [77, fifties ye, ii. 9, 18. 78], 111. yevbfxevov, absolute, i. 81. pacriXetis, the Great King, i, 107. yrj, ager, i. 4; ager publicus, i. 92 ; Borjdds, i. 96. /card yrjv, i. 101, 147. Boiwroi, i. 45. yiyvecrdat el's riva, i. 118. eiri TLPL, ii. 5. povXeteiv, i. 17, 75, 91, 95. TXaijKnnros, i. 35. povXetiaas, one who instigates another TXajjKcov, i. 125. to commit murder, i. 94; cf. avfx- Tvic0vLdr)s, i. 15. PovXetieiv. yvibfiT) )( crw/xa, ii. 24. FzcZ. r^x^. PovXeiJcras = £iripovXeij

AeK^Xeta, i. 101. 8tKa(TT7)pLov, i. 17, 66, [78]. Ae\cf)6s, i. 132. §k^ SoOrat, i. 113, 122; ii. 17. 8. 8e Odrepov eXecrdat, ii. 7; 8. rb 8ia8iKd£eiv, i. 28. erepov eXeffdcu, i. 57 ; duotV roiv pbe- 8iatTa, ii. 10. yiuTOLv KOLKQIV OVK T)V dfxaprelv, i. 20. SicuTaadcu, ii. 10. 8VOIP Seovres e'Uoviv, i. 34. SiciLTai, arbitrations, i. [87], 88. 8v et's roi)s irpdnTopas, i. [77J; 8i8d e£ dpxrjs, i. 8 bis, 34; cf. i. ey. 'ovofxa, i. [78] ; ey. \pr](f)i(T/jLa, ii. 10. 8i8d

5t'/cat, i. [87], 88. iyyvwrds Kadio-rdvat, i. 2, 17, 44, 134. SiKcua, i. 1 ; To«> iroieiv, i. 111. 81KCLIOS elvai, with Infin., i. 3. e^e\w followed by '0eAco, i. 22. 8iK

KOX &8iKoos} i. 1, 135. el ri rvyxdvovfjiv, ii. 4, 17. SiKacrral e£a/acrxiAto£, i. 17 ; dv8pes elSbra fxh . . . el8bra 8e . . . eiricrrd- Si/cacrat, i. 136. fxevop 8e, . . . eiricrrd/JLevov 8e, i. 144. INDEX. 185 eUddes, i. 122. €KT€UTIS, 1. 73. eiKoaiv dvdpes, a provisional govern­ eKTtdevai VO/JLOVS, i. [83]. ment of, i. 81. eKdov, in gen. ahs., ii. 10. et/corws, merito, i. 3, 67, 140, 142. 'EXevaLviov, i. 110, 111, 115, 116, 132. etvai, with partitive gen., i. 36, 53. 'EAeutfts,—'~Ekevs Kwdtivovs prjTcp, i. 45; ii. 19, 21; ev TOLS KaOiaraffdcu, i. 3; els dy&va /c., i. avTols evex^o~dai, i. 44, 94; cf. i. 10, 33, 104, 147; eh irevlav KOX [79]. ev rip e/JL<} Xoycp, i. 26, 35, dwopiav K., i. 144; cf. ii. 9; with 55 ; ev TQ> [xepei, i. 123. gen., to the house of i. 102; with ivdeiKvtivai, i. 8, 33, 71, 76, 105, 121 ; persons, of place whither, i. 44; evdetKVJjco, ii. 14. ii. 14. Vid. arpaTrjyoi. Hvdeifa, i. 10, 29, 88, 91, 103. eh &v, ii. 8. 'ivdeKa, ol, i. 90. elaayyeXla, i. 43 ( = firjvvais). Z&pvos, i. 12, 125. elaayyeWetv, i. 14, 27 ; = fnjvtieiv', i. e£a/a0"xt\iot, court of, i. 17. 37; — not technical, ii. 3, 19, 21. £fr\eieiv, i. 76, [79], 103. elcrdyeiv ypacprjv, i. [78], 86 ; eld. els e^eyyvdv, i. 44. TO TTXTJOOS TO 'ABTJVCLLUV, i. 135, 136; e^eXeyxeiv Ta yevo/j,eva, i. 61. ela. els roi)s cppdrepas, i. 127; to efyyelcrdai, i. 115, 116. import, ii. 11, 12, 14. e^bv, absolute, ii. 26. elcripxeo-Oai, of the heliasts, i. 29. e£oij\7], i. 73. elaire/jLiretu, immittere, ii. 4. i^Xyjs, i. [98], 126. elacpepeiv xpypcnra, i. 132. eopT-fj, of the Mysteries, i. 32. elra, marking inconsistency, i. 138, eirayyeXkeo-dcu, i. 15. 139. Vid. irpCoTov. e-iraipeadai, i. 37. eK, of change of condition, i. 144; eiravpecrdaL, ii. 2. ii. 27 ; of origin, i. [78, 79], 92; eireidT] Tax^cra, i. 1. ii. 4. eK 7rca56s, i. 49; £K TTCLVTOS eireLTa. Vid. yadXicrra, irp&TOV. Tpoirov, i. 1 ; ol eK TT)S o.yopds, i. 36. eiri, with gen., in the archonship of, enetvos, repeating the object, i. 60, 67. i. 43; kirl (TTpaTias etvai, ii. 14; €KK\r](ria, i. 11, 82. with dat., in consequence of, i. 16, eKKeyeiv, of tax-farmers,, i. 92, 93, 134. 18,—expressing the original but eKireaelv, ii. 26. not immediate cause, i. 25 ; apply- 186 INDEX.

ing to, with notion of injury, i. ~EvKTr)/j,o)P, i. 35. [87, 89]; against, i. 132; for, ii. etivoiav TrXeid) 7rapacr%eV^ai K.T.X., re­ 25 ; eirl ry TOO drj/mov KaraXtiaei, i. peated, i. 6; cf. i. 9. 36 ; eirl iravrl, ubique, ii. 5 ; with etiopKOs, i. 9. accus., ad petendum, i. 12, 15; of evpicncecrdai adecaj/, i. 15, 34. altered condition, ii. 9. 'Evpv5apt,as, i. 35. c7R/3oAi7, i. 73. 'EvpvfAaxos, i. 35. cTnd^Karov, i. [96]. Mcprjjuos, i. 40, 47. €7rLdiK&t€, i. 122. €TTL(TTaT€LV, i. [96]. 7]yr)(T€(T0€, following opyl^oLdOe, i. 30. iiriTeiyipav, i. 101. ijdr), in reasoning, i. 140. iirlTifJios. Viol, arifios. ifdeXov &v, i. 136. iTriTptireiv, i. 5, 21, 136, 139. 77*6^, venisse, i. 2, 4, 105, 132; eiriTpnrTOs, i. 99. ii. 13; rediisse, i. 25, 35, 40; ?JKOV, 'ETnx&pys, one of the prosecutors, i. 48; %eiv, ii. 20, 21. i. 95. 7}XlKld)T7)S, i. 48. ^EirtxdpTjs, a friend of Andocides, , i. 40. i. 122. 'H0afoTia, i. 132. €iri\p7), i. [77]. 'H^cuvrodwpos, i. 15. eir&wiAoi, ol, i. [83]. Zpyov epy&o-acrdcu, i. 108. Qdrepov,—dvoiv 6., ii. 7. '^pixai, i. 15, 35, 37, 39, 62. Qeodiopos, i. 35. 'Epu£t/xaxos, i. 35. 0e6

'ladrjvcu, metaphorical, ii, 9. Kara\tieiv TT)V dtj/moKpaTLav, i. 95, [96, lepd Toiv Oeolv, i. 31, 32; Upd, offer­ 97]. 5 ings, ii. 15; temples, i. 108; /ca0 KardXvacs 8/J/JLOV, i. 36; cf. i. 101. lep&p reXeicov djAvtivai, i. [97, 98]. KarairXeTv, ii. 13, 21. lepelov, i. 126. Kardpxeadat, i. 126. lepbv TOLV Oeolv, i. 33. Karacpavrjs elvai, with partic, i. 116. 'I/c&rtos, i. 12. Karipxevdat, i. 53, 101, 106. iKerrjpia, i. 110, 112-117, 121. Kanevai, i. 80. Wireis, l. 45. Kdfievoi vd/jLoi, i. 71, [84], 91, 93, 103, 'iTriroda/Aeia. Vid. dyopd. 105. t IirirbvLKosi father of Oallias, i. 112, K^aXos, i. 115, 150. 115, 130, 131. KJipvices, i. 116, 127. 'I-TcirbvLKOS, son of Callias, i. 126. Kijpvt, i. 36, 112. 'ladfids, i. 132. K7)p^TT€LV, i. 40, 112. 'lorovofjios, i. 15. Kijflaios, i. 33, 71, 92, 111, 121, 137, 'IO-OTL^VS, i. 8, 71. 139. 'lax^axos, i. 124, 125. KycpLabdcopos, i. 15. ZLoi, i. 80, 142. 106. Adfxaxos, i. 11. KaTadtxwSai, i. 80, 107, 109. I Xaixfidve

Ataypos, i. 117, 118, 120, 121. fib . . . de, separated by long inter­ Xelireiv ri\v r&^iv, i. 74. val, i. 29-34 ; — ^ecrn fib . . . &rrt Xetf/o?, 77, i. 133. de, i. 4; dvrl fib . . . dvrl de, Aecoybpas, great-grandfather of An­ i. 93; eldbra fib . . . eldbra de, docides, i. 106; ii. 26. i. 144; TrXeiorras fib . . . wXelaras Aecoydpas, father of Andocides, i. 22, de", i. 147; iroXXol fib . . . -iroXXol 40, 146. de, i. 104; rrpovola fib . . . irpovola Ae"wv, i. 94. 84, i. 56; rd fib . . . rd 8t, ii. 10; Xrjaral, i. 135. rovro fib . . . rovro de, i. 103 bis ; Xrjrovpyelv, i. 132. ii. 16, 17. XoyLo~rr)pia, i. [78]. Mevtarparos, i. 35. Xoyoiroielu, i. 54. Mbimros, ii. 23. X6yos,—Xbyov Xeyeip, i. 19, 23; X6yovs fierd rrjs dXrjffeias, i. 55 ; fier' evvoias elire'ip, i. 29. Vid. b. aKpoaadai, i. 9; fi. deovs, Kivdtivov, Avdds, i. 17-19. dia(3oXr}s rr)s fieyicrrrjs rr]v diroXoylav Avatar par os, i. 52, 67. iroielc9at, i. 6 ; fi. tcaKtas, dvavdplas, Avo-lcrrparos, a friend of Andocides, dperrjs, i. 56 ; fi. rrjs nop vfiereptop i. 122. crwfidnov raXaiircapias re /cat Kivdvvtov /cat 'in rQv KOLVLOV x/}7?/xara;z> dairdvrjs, MaKpbp hv elt) Xeyeiv, ii. 15. ii. 17. pLctKpbv recxos, i. 45. fieracrrrjaacrdai rovs dfivf)rovs, i. 12. fJL&Xio-ra fib . . . el de fir), i. 136; fiere"xeiv T7)s TreprrjKotrrrjs, i. 133, 134. fidXtcrra . . . elra de, i. 17 ; fidXiara fiiroiKOS, i. 15, 144. fib . . . elra de, i. 56; fidXurra fierpa Kal araOfid HbXwvos, i. [83]. fib . . . frretra de, i. 2. Mr?5t/ca, rd, i. [77]. fidXXop . . . fidXXov fj, ii. 26. firfvveiv, i. 10, 13-17, 19, 20, 22, 26- Mavrideos, i. 43, 44. 29, 32, 34, 35, 42, 52-54, 59, 67. Mapad&v&de, i. 107. fi-qvvtris, i. 14-17 {vid. pp. 108, 110, Mtyapa, i. 15, 34. 112, 126), 23, 25-28, 34. MeXriros, i. 12, 13, 35, 63. firjpvnfjs, i. 19, 20. MtXr/ros, one of the prosecutors, 'firjvvrpa, i. 27. i. 94. fir) on, i. 23. fieXXeiv, absolute, ii. 2; with fut. fir) oti, with pres. indie, i. 103. infin., i. 2, 21, 51, 67; with pres. fif)rep, r], i.e. Demeter, i. 124. infin., ii. 21. fivrjatKaKelv, i. [79], 81, 90, 91, 95, fiefivr)o~9e, i, 142. 108, 109. fib, isolated; irp&rov fib, i. 2, 10; Mowu%ta, i. 80. eyed [lev, i. 22; rrporeptp fib, i. 120. fivelv, i. 132; ol fiefivr\fiboi, i. 28, fib, repeated, i. 73-74, 112-113; 29. ir poor os fib odros ravra efirjvvae fivarr)pia, i. 10-12, 15-17, 19, 25, 29, . . . IT purr] fib /LLTJI'VO'LS eyevero 34 ; fiverrr\plots, during the festival avrrj, i. 14. of the Mysteries, i. 110, 111, 121. INDEX. 189

IXav/JLaxew, i. 101 ; ii. 12. 'OXv/jLifiafc, i. 132. vTjes, at, the fleet at the battle of 'OXvfjLWLeiov, i. 16. Aegospotami, i. 73, 142. bfivtivcu /ca0' lepCov reXelcov, i. [97, 98]. Nwadfys, i. 12, 13. o/ULoXoyovfie'vios irapa irdvrojv, i. 140. NLKICLS, i. 11, 47. 6{j,b\pr)os, an alien, i. 144; ii. 23 ; £eVos 0Te drj, ii. 9. irarpLKos, ii. 11 ; %evoi Idea, )( /3a<7t- 6Vt, with speaker's exact words, Xets /cat irbXets, i. 145 ; i. 132. i. 49, 63, 120, 135; omission of %6\ov, — delv ev TQ £., or ets TO £., verb before, i. 64, 120. i. 45, 92, 93. ov following el. Vid. et.

ovde . . . ovde . . . ot)5e . . , ovde} '056s re /cat irbpos evdapvelv, ii. 16. i. 101. oQev, antecedent omitted, i. 64. ovdh fy ere irXeov, with dat., i. 7 ; ol, reflexive, i. 15, 38, 40, 41, 42. ovdep ^TL irXtov iroirjcreTe, i. 149. ol £K TT]S dyopds £(pevyov, i. 36. ovdev irpovpyov aKovcrcu, ii. 21. Oldiirovs, applied to Callias' son, ovdeTepa, i. 71. i. 129. ovtf &s, i. 122. ot'xerat irav irpbpptfov, i. 146. OVT€ followed by re, i. 4. Olwvias, i. 13. oi!>Te . . . oijTe . . . OVTC . . . ovde, oXeQpos, i. 53. i. 10, 29; ovde ev, emphatic oXiyapxia, i. [78], 99. climax, i. 29. 190 INDEX.

oSros, resumptive, i. 12, 16, 27, 49, ireprrjKoorr), i. 133. 88, 149 ; ii. 22. irepl irXeiopos iroLelcrdai, i. 57, 81 ; ii. ovroai, of an opponent, i. 33, 71, 92, 16; ire pi irXeio'rov TT.,\. 9 ; irepl rod 94, 95, 133, 135. w. infin. in place of a final clause, ovras ^x€LJ/i °f what follows, i. 20, ii. 12. 105, 146 ; OVTOXJI ex^tp, i. 69. irepiKdeaOai, ii. 2. ofeLXopres T$ dTj/JLoaly, i. 73, [77, 78]. irepLKOTrr), i. 15, 34. ireputbirreiv, i. 34, 37, 39, 63. UaXXrjvLOP, i. 106. irepifieveiv, i. 41. 7rav irpbppt^op ol'xerat, i. 146. irepiopav, with partic, i. 2, 51, 53, Uavadrjvcua, i. 28. 58. Uavairios, i. 13. irlarip dovvcu. Vicl. douvcu. Uavatrios, another, i, 52, 67. 7rio~TLS airierordr7), i. 67. ILapraKXys, i. 15. ILXdrup, i. 35. ircLp&, with gen., irapd irdprup O/JLOXO- irXrjdos rb 'AdTjpaiwp, i. 135, 136, 150. yovpepcos, i. 140 ; with a ecus., irodeXp, with impersonal object, i. near, i. 16, 38, 62. 70. irapadidbpat rip 8tKaar7}pi(p, i. 17, (>Q \ iroieicOac iroXlr^v, i. 149 ; ir. vbv, i. ir. fiavap'i^eip, i. 22, 64; ir. vbfxovs 124. reus dpxais, i. [83]. UoXefjiapxos (?), i. 12. irapaireio-Bai, i. 30, 32. irbXts, i.e. aKpoTToXis, i. 132. 7rapafjL€V6LV, i. 2. TTOXLV . . . 'ixovras, sense construction, irapavofAWV ypdepeadat, i. 17 ; ir. dab- i. 51. KeiP, i. 22. iroXtreiav didbvai, ii. 23. irapaaKev&teo-dcu, to make terms with, UoXijevKTos, i. 35. L 105. UoXtjcrrparos, i. 13. irapao-Kevrj, i. 1 ; cf. i. 123 ; i. 11. iroPTjpbs, i. 24, 64, 95, 139. irapdaraens, i. 120. irbrepa, i. 51. Trapaxtepetv, i. 26. UovXvriojv, i. 12, 14. irdpebpoi T&V evOvpup, i. [78]. wp&KTopes, i. [77, 79]. 7Tap€(TT7]K€ yPibflT} TOtaiJTT} IT., 1. 54 ; 7rpa%i,s, i. 88. fieytarop $av/xd fxoi ir. , ii. 2; 8id- re pip, with aor. and pres. infin., i. fioXbp TL ev rfj ypcbfirj 7r., ii. 24 ; 67; preceded by irpbrepop, i. 89; 7) yv&firj ere pa ir., ii. 24. irplv. &v with aor. subj. preceded irapibpres, ol, ii. 1. by a negative and irpbrepov, i. 7; wapbp, absolute, ii. 11. irplv with aor. infin. after a nega­ irdcrx^v ri virb TWOS, i. 20. tive, i. 43. ILarpoKXeLdys, i. 73, 76, [78], 80. irpofiaXXeaQai Xrjrovpyelv, i. 132. Iletpaiefo, i. 45, 81 ; ii. 21. irpbOvfAos elvai els o~e /cat rd ad irpdy- Ueiaapdpos, i. 27, 36, 43; ii. 14. fxara, i. 50. IleXoiTOPPTjO'LOL, U. 12. irpoKaraytyv(bo-Keiv ddiKeTv, i. 3. ireixiTTov (xepos r&v xj/rjfiojp, i. 33. irpovoia fxev . . . irpovolq be. Vid, fxep. INDEX. 191

TrpoirtiXaiov Atovtiadv, i. 38. crrod, i.e. TJ fiaviXeios ([Dem.] 25, § 23 ; 7rp6s /me, i. 48; irpbs e^avrbv, mecum, Pansan.) or (3a€(Tl), 1. 111. (rrparijyoi, — ol els li'tKeXiav, i. 11, irp6ffTa%is, i. 75, 76, [78]. cf. Isocr. 16, 7; i. 45; ii. 17. irpvraveia, i. 73. arparrjybs 6 xayai (?), i. [78]. (Tcpas avrovs for dXXrjXovs, 2d person, ii. 8 ; re irdvres, i. 1 ; ii. 19. (TTj/jLaiveiv rfj (TdXirtyyL, i. 45. , i. 81, 82, [83], 95, 111. Tavpeas, i. 47. criretideiv rd evavria rrj eavrQv w0eXei'a, ravra, of what follows, i. 149. ii. 2. rk . . . 5^, i. 15, 59. Sired o-iiriros, i. 17, 22. TetcrapLevos, i. [83]. ffirovdal, i. 80. Tetcrapxos, i. 35. (TraOfxd. Vid. per pa. reixv, i. 80, 101, 108 ; cf. paKpov. Hire(pavos, i. 18. TeXiviKos, i. 35. o~re

TifjL&veTjs, i. 35. virotipyrj/jLa, ii. 17. rot, i. 3. TOLOVTOS, implying a notion suggested 3?cu8pos, i. 15. by a previous expression, i. 30, cpavepa oi/(ria, i. 118. 141; ii. 17. (pa'vepbs (6) bXedpos, i. 53. TOLOVTOS KOLL TOVOVTOS, 1. 108 \ \\. 20(pa, i. 27, 37, 47, 127. 72. <^pe ^ robw, i. 21, 50 (?), 90, 117, rolxos, i. [84]. 128. TO(TOVTOV, of what follows, ii. 23. ^epe/cX^s, i. 17, 19, 22, 35. T6TE 5$, i. 65, 122; Tbre ijdv, i. 9. (pepeadai ev, ii. 2. TOVTO fiev . . . TOVTO 8e. Vid. p.ev. (petiyw olxeo-daL, i. 13, 15, 19, 34, 49, Tp€L\0Kp&TT]S, i. 15. Tpbiraiov, i. 147. $i\oicp&Tr)s, another, i. 46. Tpoxbs, i. 43. 06//OJ, i. [78], 94. Tvpavveiv, i. [97]. ^opfiavTelov, i. 62. Tvpavvls (?), i. [78]. , i. 65; ii. 21. TivpavvoL,' the Pisistratids, i. 106; ii. LXO$ b opxyvd/jievos, i. 47. § 92 ; TIJXV XPVoSaL, i. 120; TIJXV /}, i. [78], 106. dyadrj, i. 120. cfrvXal, i. [97]. uX^, i. 80. virdpx^Lv, i. 4, 92, 101, 109 ; ii. 19, 26 ; with gen., i. 142. Xaip£d7)/jLos, i. 52, 67. virep probably = irepi, i. 27. XaXeird)T€poi CTOL ex^pol r) dXXoL cpiXoL, VTrep(3dXXeiv, i. 133, 134. i. 63. U7r6, with gen. as Agent with Perfect XoXKelov, i. 40. Partic. Pass.—Personal Subject, i. Xapias, i. 106. 25 ; Impersonal Subject, i. 56 ; with Xapt/cX^s, i. 36, 101. Perf. Infin. Pass., Personal Sub­ XapLlTTTOS, i. 35. ject, i. 113; virb, with thing as XapfiLdvs, i. 16. cause, i. 2. XapfjLtdrjs 'ApLcrroTeXovs, i. 47, 48, 51. {nrofitveiv, i. 3, 4, 9, 19, 21, 121. XLXLCLL dpax/uaL, i. 116. virovodv, suspect, i. 9; conjecture, i. Xpe&v diroKoiral, i. 88. 139. XprjfJLCLTa el

Xprjddi fioL 6 TL av vfuv 8OKTJ, with two i. 8, 71; KXewvo/uov, i. 27; Me?>lirirovi protases not co-ordinate, i. 11 ; ii. 23, 24 ; ILet(rai>5pov, i. 27; enl Xpfoao-Ot /IIOL 8 TL potiXeffde, i. 26. *LnafjLavSplov, i. 43. Xpva-L&s, i. 127. \f/7}, i. 7, *Qde, of what precedes, i. 25. 74. - yde?oi>, i. 38. ^/7)(pL^€a6aL Kptipdyv, i. [87]. whs irplaadaL, i. 73, 92; d>. wveiadaL, \pr}(pLl

N" INDEX II. i. = de Mysteriis; ii. = de Reditu. The numbers following refer to sections. References to Introduction and Notes are given by the number of the page.

ABYDOS, p. 9. anacoluthon, i. 29; pp. 138, 150, accounts of officials, pp. 147, 168. 154, 167. accus. abs. of partic, i. 81 bis, 116; Andocides, birth, family of, p. 1 ; ii. 11, 26. politics of, pp. 2-5; connection accus. and infin., in place of gen. or with mutilation of Hermae, pp. dat., p. 107 ; heightening a con­ 178-80; effect of disclosures of, trast, where subj. is same as that p. 174; leaves Athens, p. 7 ; of the main verb, i. 30 (Stiv inter­ returns, p. 8; imprisonment and venes. See Krtiger, Gr. § 55, 2, second departure of, p. 9; returns, 2-3), 64, 113; p. 151, tyri . . . £XOVTCLS, i. 51. i. 64, before odep. Agyrrhius, pp. 3, 13, 14, 16, 18, Anytus, pp. 13, 15, 21, 143, 169. 27, 164. aorist infin. with irpip, p. 132. Alcibiades, pp. 3, 6, 7, 19, 40, 128, Apaturia, the, p. 162. 139. apodosis, one to two protases, p. amnesty, the, pp. 12, 15, 102, 106, 169, i. 11. 153, 157. apposition, pp. 108,161. Vid. accus. 194 >EX. 195

arbitration, p. 161. Boule, limited extent of judicial Archelaus of Macedon, p. 7. functions of, p. 112; course pur­ Archinus, pp. 13, 23. sued by, when an elcrayyeXia is archon Basileus, p. 20; keeps lists begun before it, p. 113; sittings of debtors, p. 146; presides in of, p. 128 ; proceedings of, p. 133 ; certain courts, p. 147. the B. and the Nomothetae, p. archons, p. 121. 150. areopagus and trials for murder, p. Bouleutae, oath taken by, i. 91 ; 147; penalties inflicted by, p. 148; responsibility of, p. 112. as guardian of the laws, i. 151. brachylogy(?), p. 121. Arginusae, battle of, p. 177. bribery, p. 143. Aristophanes and strangers at Athens, p. 126; plea of, for the dn/uLOLf p. 144. CALLIAS, pp. 14, 24, 26; &PO(TI&TTJS of, arrest under the Thirty, p. 154. p. 159; extravagance of, p. 163. arrogance, occasional, of Andoc, cases not limited by the icXexptidpa, pp. 165, 171. p. 144; test cases, p. 157. article, generic, p. 118; omitted Cephalus, pp. 13, 15, 21, 24, 169. with cio-Tv and aKpoiroXis, i. 40, Cephisius, pp. 14, 25. 42, 45, 76; omitted with second Ceryces, pp. 1, 24, 159, 164. of two nouns not applicable to Charicles, p. 127. the same thing, p. 174; perd rijs Charmides, p. 6. &\i)0elas, p. 137. citizenship, Athenian, conferred on Asia Minor, p. 11. metics and slaves, §t' airoplav &v~ assemblies, extraordinary, pp. 109, 8puv, i. 149, p. 177. 123. Cleophon, pp. 3, 40, 168. asyndeton, i. 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 22, climax reached in ovdt, p. 123; 34, 42, 43, 64, 76, 82, 117, 121, climax of the de Myst., pp. 167, 123, 126, 127, 129. 169. Athenian history, pp. 31, 39,104,157. clubs, p. 5. Athenians, anxiety of, to retain good commissioners, special, the only opinion of Greece, p. 126, i. 140. instance in sense used, p. 110. Attic forms of dual of article, comparative nature of irplv, p. 105 ; pp. 88, 123, 167. accumulation of comp., i. 7 ; Attica, decline in number and quality ii. 26. of population of, p. 177. compliments to jury, p. 106. attraction of preposition with article, concrete pronoun after abstract noun, p. 129. p. 142. condition, mixed form of, p. 137. BAIL, exemption from, when possible conditional use of virdpxu, p. 103. in frSet&s, p. 102; when required confiscation, p. 136. from citizens, p. 114, Conon, pp. 12, 13, 18. 196 INDEX. construction of iTrirptTrw, p. 104; Dracon, p. 149. of e8 irp&rreiv, etc., p. 172. dual, i. 20 Svoiu roiv p,eylo~roLv contributions to a joint concern, KCLKOIP, 29, 125 rc6 deib, 31, 32, 33 p. 163; of speculators, p. 165. roiv Oeoiv, 34 dvoiv Siovras ei/cocriv, co-ordinate clauses, one being in 57 dvoiv rb 'irepov, 113 atfrcb rEX. 197

pai GENITIVE abs., agreement of partic. el'7) . . ; XPV i 64 elirop ort VOJM- in, p. 166 ; partic. omitted, p. 107; ^OLJJLL . . . elvai. simplicity of, in the early orators, infin. epexegetic, p. 102. p. 172. infin. in terms of a law, i. 20 ; of a genitive case, omitted with /car??- compact, i. 41 ; in prayers, etc., yopeiv, i. 7 ; following dxpeXelffdcu, p. 146. etc., p. 172. infin. pres. in Oratio Obliqua, re­ ghost story, curious application of, presenting imperf. indie, of Recta, p. 163. i. 12, 16, 17, 22, 38 ; representing graphic use of adv. of place, p. 174. probably the vivid pres. indie, Grote, his interpretation of i. 27, of Recta, i. 39, 40, 42. p. 121. inheritance /car' ayxwretav, p. 159. initiation, p. 164. See Preface. HEIRESSES, claim to, p. 159. instances, use of, p. 157. heliasts, p. 123; oath of, p. 153; Ionic words, pp. 171, 172. the heliasts treated as identical irresponsible officials, p. 112. with the Athenian people, i. 91, Isotimides, decree of, pp. 6, 14, 20, 106, 136, 137, 143, 150. 21, 23, 27, 34, 106. Hellespont, and trade, pp. 9, 11. Isthmian games, p. 13. Hephaestia, the, p. 13. Italy, p. 11. Hermae, mutilation of, pp. 5, 11. Hermocopids, sale of their goods, JUDGMENTS, execution of, p. 141; p. 110; Andocides'list of, agreeing reversal of, when possible, p. 105. with Teucrus' list, i. 59. Hipponicus, pp. 24, 158. LAWS of Solon adapted for later Hyperbolus, pp. 3, 118. use, pp. 147, 154; of Dracon and Solon, p. 150; revision of, pp. IMPERFECT, of danger, likelihood, or 150, 151, 154. uncompleted action, i. 41, 42, 58, lease of state property and taxes, 59, 60, 114; ii. 9; of due sequence, pp. 130, 142, 154, 165. i. 45 fjyov . . . Kal edeiirvei, 117 Leogoras, p. 1 ; L. and Speusippus, kyiyvovro, 126 $yov .. . /cat e/cAeiw; pp. 113, 114. of inference, i. 60 rjVpKTKov. liability of sureties, p. 133. impiety and its consequences, p. 159. Lysander, pp. 23, 149. indicative present after opare fir) oti, p. 156. MACEDON, pp. 7, 174. infinitive in Oratio Obliqua : (1) after manufacturers in political life, p. d-Keiv — to say, p. 137 (i. 57); — to 168. propose, i. 71, [77], 80 ; =hortari, meiosis, p. 115. p. 162 (i. 123); (2) change from Meletus, pp. 14, 20, 26. ws and OTL to, i. 12 '4\eyev OTL . . . Menippus, pp. 6, 33. ylyvoiro . . . &vcu, 36 'e\eyov m me tics, pp. 109, 111. 198 IN:DEX . middle )( active voice, p. 139. diroypdcpei (see p. Ill), 44 rotirw military and naval offences, p. 143. rvx^vres . . . ini robs Xirirovs dva- motions in the Ecclesia controlled (3dvres $x6vT0* to some extent by the eirKTrdrrjs, partic. expressing the main idea, p. 146. p. 125 ; prominence of, p. 173. mysteries, pp. 6, 20, 21, 101, 161. partic. and verb of different con­ struction with common object, NICOMACHUS and the revision of the p. 130. laws in 410 and 403, pp. 32, 151. partic. describing a man's occupa­ nomothetae, in 403 B.C.: (1) 500 tion, p. 135. elected by the demes ; (2) a com­ partic. perf. with elvai, expressing mittee of these selected by the lasting result, p. 163. Boule, p. 150. parties at Athens, p. 31. Patroclides, decree of, 145. OATHS, pp. 102, 106, 114, 153. peace between Athens and, Sparta, Olympian games, p. 13. p. 149. omission of partic. in gen. or accus. Peloponnese, the, p. 11. abs., p. 107 ; omission or insertion penalties for failing to secure one- of yap at will, p. 116. fifth of the votes of the heliasts, optative of indef., frequency, p. 128; p. 127. opt. with indie, alternately, in person, 3d, alternating with 2d with Oratio Obliqita, p. 138. oaoL, birbo-ot,, el rives, p. 134. Oratio Obliqua, change from on, cos personal attack, p. 162. to accus. and infin., p. 110; from personal appeal to jury in the per­ on to Recta, i. 118 ; from cl>s to oration, p. 167. Recta, i. 4; quasi-oblique speech Phorbas, p. 138. after on, p. 135. Piraeus, p. 133. Oratio Recta after \eyeiv, i. 11, 22, Pisander, pp. 7, 8, 13; his part in 41, 116, 126; after wl, ii. 14. the investigation and his political oxymoron, p. 139, iricms dTno-rordrr), tergiversation, p. 120. Pisistratids, error of A. with regard PAR ATACTIC construction, p. 137. to, p. 157. Parthenon, the, as a treasury, p. plea of Aristophanes for the drt/xoc in 141. 405 B.C., p. 144. participle, change of tense, i. 17 plural forms instead of sing., p. 140. 6 iretcras Kal dedfxevos, 19 iroWd poetical expressions, A.'s partiality iK€Te{i(Tas KOX Xa/jLJ3av6fieyos. for, p. 137. partic. omitted in gen. and accus. population of Attica, p. 177. abs., p. 106. present, historic, i. 15, 17, 34, 43. partic. in a series, the last more present infin. after irplv, p. 139. nearly connected with the verb, present of a proposed action not i. 15 K0/Jucr8elst ttdeiap evpoLievos completed, p. 113; of something EX. 199

fated to happen, p. 168; of some­ substitution of vivid for vague thing in danger of happening, future, p. 124; substitution in p. 169. apod., p. 137. profits from farming the two p. c. sureties, liability of, p. 133. tax, i. 134, 135. synonymous, for the sake of variety, prosecution of retired officials, p. 147. pp. 106, 125, 177. prosecutor in cases arising out of el