OPENNESS IN HIGHER EDUCATION: OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES (OER) Cox, G.; ;

© 2018, COX, G.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction, provided the original work is properly credited. Cette œuvre est mise à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode), qui permet l’utilisation, la distribution et la reproduction sans restriction, pourvu que le mérite de la création originale soit adéquatement reconnu.

IDRC Grant/ Subvention du CRDI: 107311-001-Research into Open Educational Resources for Development

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Glenda Cox

University of South Africa (UNISA) : 17 March 2015

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IMPROVE EDUCATIONAL POLICY, PRACTICE and RESEARCH in developing countries by better understanding the use and impact ofOER

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Prof Sanjaya Mishra & Dr Ramesh Sharma & Alka Singh (New Delhi, India) 4 Indian HEIs Glenda Cox & Henry Trotter (Cape Town, South Africa) University of Cape Town, University of Fort Hare, UNISA Openness

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O‘/\\'~v\L_ Degrees of openness depends on rights of the licence that the CJOU/‘fie’ creator of content has granted to the user. http://www.moddou.com/ Open Educational Resources (OER)

Open Content / Open educational resources (OER) / Open Courseware are educational materials which are discoverable online and openly licensed that can be:

Shared freely and openly to be… … redistribute Shared and share again.

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… used by anyone to … … adapt / repurpose/ Improved improve under some type of license in order to … The Commons Movement

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South Africa +100 000 +250 000 visits 184 countries Feedback

Dear Course Moderator, this site is priceless Thank you so much for this is my first visit, and i'm considering to provide Initial very impressed. French Lessons through this i really appreciate the idea of medium. I found it very the site as i'm Syrian ENT fresh useful for my pursuit towards graduated doctor, and it's not learning French language. that easy to get and afford the ……………………… textbooks that you need. Hi Ms. Cox, i've already shared your site Greetings! with colleagues in order to I am in India. The usefulness spread the knowledge. of online media is this, you thanks again have students from all over the globe. Thanks for asking. yours sincerely Loveson Helal Alsaleh Studying at University: A guide for first year students

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Materials published as OER on OpenContent selected for publishing in the Journal of Occupational Therapy of Galicia, an open access journal for occupational therapists in the Spanish speaking world http://blogs.uct.ac.za/blog/oer-uct/2010/12/06/sharing-knowledge-leads-to-opportunities Incentives for academics: OER Grants

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Enabler Barrier The Collective Advanrcment • Lack of awareness or Education through 0pcIITcc|uIo10g)'. Open Comcn(,.1nd Open Knowlcdgc • Institutions are not always supportive of sharing • Individual academics need to believe in the value of sharing mm: s. Toru hyoshi and M.S.V|j:y Kunmr Imv-um-J M M» W I(um«\ Technical

Enabler Barrier • Not everyone has access • Digital divide between Global South and North • Lack of ability and skills

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Enabler Barrier • Support from external funders like Shuttleworth and Mellon is temporary • After seed funding institutions must then http://www.flickr.com/photos/59937401@N07/5856660723/ take over Legal

Enabler Barrier • Academics are not aware of Creative Commons or how @creativecommons Creative Commons works • They are not that concerned “So actually I think you’re more about their Intellectual protected if you make something legitimately an OER and then property (although they do somebody else uses it.” want attribution) but they are very concerned about infringing the copyright of others Pedagogy

Enabler Barrier • Creation: interactive teaching styles do not always result in online materials • Use: difficult to find relevant OER Quality

Enabler Barrier “.. I think it will make “They don’t look good everyone go over it two or three times, ya.” enough to put out there.”

“If they’re ready for students to see, then they’re as ready “But I would love to be able as they’re going to get.” to give what I had to somebody and say does it… “I think that each individual it’s sort of like is there preparing their materials must be sure that their cohesion, does it make material is substantively sense”. correct, sound or critical.” Why OER? What are the potential benefits of OER? Global challenges of higher education

Increasing demand for Increasing cost of education and higher education and Increasing competition insufficient institutions text books

Asymmetries of power and wealth and Variable quality in curriculum from the teaching Global North favoured over the Global south Challenges for South Africa

Crisis in Basic education ® Skills shortage/’persistent SIYAVULA human Capital gap” (Taylor, TECHNDLOGVVPDWERED LEARNING 2011)

Higher education: high school Unisa graduates of varied ability

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• Increase institutional visibility, advancing competitiveness, attracting students and resources • Promote effective social responsiveness • Improve learning experience by selecting materials in pedagogically sound and innovative ways • Improve recruitment by helping the right students find the right programmes • Enhance teaching coherence across courses • Ensure better long-term archiving, curation and reuse of teaching materials • Attract alumni as life-long learners Why OER now - individually?

• Profile teaching and pedagogical idea sharing • Create record of teaching for teaching portfolio • Foster connections between other colleagues, departments and even other universities (especially cross-disciplinary Individual studies) • Increase impact of teaching materials • Extend use of teaching materials to high school learners and life-long learners Increasing Visibility

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• Amazing work globally (e.g. Commonwealth of Learning, UNESCO) • OER repositories, networks and research continues to grow • Opportunity to use OER’s in MOOCs • Opportunity to share resources across the world across the Global South, North to South and also South to North Creators and Contacts

Prepared by:

Glenda Cox - [email protected]

Some slides were created by Michael Paskevicius - [email protected]

OpenUCT repository https://open.uct.ac.za/

CILT website http://www.cilt.uct.ac.za/

ROER4D website: http://roer4d.org/ License

Openness in Higher Education: Open Educational Resources (OER) by Glenda Cox is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.