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DRAFT Wildlife Biological Assessment / Evaluation for Proposed, Endangered, Threatened, and Sensitive Species

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DRAFT Wildlife Biological Assessment / Evaluation for Proposed, Endangered, Threatened, and Sensitive Species DRAFT_Klein_Dec. 2012 APPENDIX XXX DRAFT Wildlife Biological Assessment / Evaluation for Proposed, Endangered, Threatened, and Sensitive Species Blue Mountains Forest Plan Revision DEIS (for the Malheur, Umatilla, and Wallowa-Whitman National Forests) December 2012 E.H. Klein Introduction As part of the NEPA decision making process, Forest Service programs or activities are reviewed to determine how they may affect any U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Threatened, Endangered, Proposed, Candidates, or U.S. Forest Service sensitive species (TEPCS species). The review is conducted to ensure that Forest Service actions do not contribute to a significant loss of species viability or cause a species to move toward federal listing. The review incorporates concerns for sensitive species throughout the planning process, reduces negative impacts to species, and identifies opportunities for mitigation. A biological assessment (BA) is the means of conducting the review and documenting the findings (FSM 2672.41). This BA will address those species listed as sensitive, threatened, or endangered in Oregon by the Region 6 regional forester and USFWS. The effects of the EIS are discussed for all species except those not having habitat and/or are not known to occupy the project area. General information on species distribution, habitat, and natural history was gathered from: 1. Atlas of Oregon Wildlife (Csuti et al 1997) 2. Mammals of the Pacific States (Ingles 1970) 3. Birds of the Pacific Northwest (Gabrielson and Jewett 1970) 4. natureserve.org Web site (2001) 5. Amphibians of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia (Corkran and Thoms 1996) 6. Oregon Natural Heritage Database 7. USDA Forest Service field records and biologist observations The following TEPCS species of terrestrial wildlife are on the Regional Forester’s Sensitive Species List (December 2011) and possibly occur within the planning area. Table 1 is a summary of species that are documented (D) or suspected (S) to occur on the Umatilla (UMA), Wallowa-Whitman (WAW), Malheur (MAL) and/or the Ochoco (OCH) National Forest. Effects determinations on species and their habitats uses the procedures and language of a USDA Forest Service letter, “Streamlining Biological Evaluations and Conclusions for Determining Effects to Listed, Proposed and Sensitive Species” signed by Regional Foresters for R1, R4 and R6 (Salwasser et al. 1995). This document includes only those species that are considered terrestrial species and does not address those species that have an aquatic life form (e.g., dragon flies). Forest plans do not actually authorize site-specific activity but provide the umbrella under which projects are designed. Project implementation under the umbrella of forest plan direction involves analysis based on current and more site-specific information about existing conditions where the actions are proposed. Proposed projects collect more accurate resource information for the local area. Historical conditions, current conditions and desired conditions are analyzed at a finer scale of resolution to better predict DRAFT_Klein_Dec. 2012 project outcomes. As such, it is assumed that the conditions presented in this analysis are representative of conditions as a whole across the national forest; however, there are sites within the national forest that when analyzed at the project scale will not be representative of the bigger picture (e.g., grazing intensity on an individual allotment that may exceed what is presented for the national forest as a whole). Currently biological evaluations and assessments, providing detailed analysis of potential effects from each project are required for threatened, endangered, proposed, and candidate species and those included in Regional Forester’s Sensitive Species list (collectively TEPCS). A determination of effects for TEPCS species would also have to be made for any future project under the direction of the forest plan. Table 1: Summary of status, occurrence, and effects determination for species of concern within the plan area for each alternative for each national forest Determination of Species occurrence for each effect for all National Forest alternatives by Common Name Status National Forest MAL WA OR - - UMA WAW /OCH UMA UMA WAW MAL OCH Wallowa Rosy-Finch OR-SEN D S NA MIIH MIIH Black Rosy Finch OR-SEN S NA MIIH NA Canada Lynx FT D D D S NE NE NE Great Gray Owl WA-SEN D MIIH NA NA White-Headed Woodpecker SEN D D D D D MIIH MIIH MIIH Fringed Myotis OR-SEN D S NA MIIH MIIH Lewis's Woodpecker SEN D D D D D MIIH MIIH MIIH Upland Sandpiper OR-SEN S D D S MIIH MIIH MIIH Peregrine Falcon SEN S S D D S MIIH MIIH MIIH Gray Wolf FE/SEN x/D x/D x/D D/D x/x MIIH MIIH MIIH Wolverine FC S S D S S MIIH MIIH MIIH Striped Whipsnake WA-SEN S MIIH NA NA Spotted Bat OR-SEN D NA MIIH NA Pallid Bat SEN S NA NA MIIH Ash-Throated Flycatcher WA-SEN D MIIH NA NA Gray Flycatcher WA-SEN S MIIH NA NA Green-Tailed Towhee WA-SEN D MIIH NA NA Greater Sage Grouse OR-SEN D D D NA MIIH MIIH Pygmy Rabbit OR-SEN S S NA NA MIIH Sharp-Tailed Grouse OR-SEN D NA MIIH NA Preble's Shrew WA-SEN D MIIH NA NA Mountain Goat WA-SEN D MIIH NA NA Grasshopper Sparrow OR-SEN S NA NA MIIH Townsend's Big-Eared Bat SEN S D D D D MIIH MIIH MIIH Rocky Mountain Tailed Frog SEN D D D MIIH MIIH NA DRAFT_Klein_Dec. 2012 Black Swift OR-SEN D NA MIIH NA Harlequin Duck SEN D NA MIIH NA Bufflehead OR-SEN S D D NA MIIH MIIH Bald Eagle SEN D D D D D MIIH MIIH MIIH Mountain Quail WA-SEN D MIIH NA NA Columbia Spotted Frog OR-SEN D D D D MIIH MIIH MIIH Painted Turtle OR-SEN S MIIH MIIH MIIH Tricolored Blackbird OR-SEN S MIIH MIIH MIIH Bobolink SEN D NA MIIH NA Western Bumblebee OR-SEN D NA NA Meadow Fritillary WA-SEN S S S NA NA Silver-Bordered Fritillary OR-SEN D D S NA Barry’s Hairstreak WA-SEN D NA NA Johnson’s Hairstreak SEN D D S S S Intermountain Sulphur OR-SEN S S D NA Lustrous Copper WA-SEN S NA NA Yuma Skipper OR-SEN S D NA Great Basin Fritillary WA-SEN D NA NA Salmon Coil WA-SEN S NA NA Humped Coin WA-SEN D S S NA NA Shiny Tight Coil WA-SEN D S S S NA NA Fir Pinwheel SEN D D D NA Status: FE= listed as Federally Endangered; FT= listed as Federally Threatened; FC= listed as a Federal Candidate for listing; SEN=Sensitive species in both states; OR-SEN=Sensitive only in Oregon; WA-SEN=Sensitive only in Washington Determination: Listed species: NE=No Effect, LAA=May Affect-Likely to Adversely Affect, NLAA=May Affect-Not Likely to Adversely Affect, BE=Beneficial Effect Sensitive species: NI=No Impact, MIIH-May Impact Individuals or Habitat but will not likely contribute to a trend towards federal listing or cause a loss of viability to the population or species, WIFV-Will Impact individuals or habitat with a consequence that the action may contribute to a trend towards federal listing or cause a loss of viability to the population or species, BI=Beneficial Impact Assumptions Forestwide direction for each of the Blue Mountains national forests and all alternatives is to move towards HRV. Use of HRV relies on two concepts: that past conditions and processes provide context and guidance for managing ecological systems today, and that disturbance-driven spatial and temporal variability is a vital attribute of nearly all ecological systems. Therefore it is assumed that managing for HRV will provide adequate amounts of habitat for viable species, as they would have survived this level of habitat in the past in order to be present today (Landres et al. 1999). In some cases, standards and guidelines have been included to improve safeguards for certain habitat features of some species. All alternatives assume that direction given in FSM 2670 and FSH 2609 will be followed (e.g., FSH 2670.21 Threatened and Endangered Species 1. Manage National Forest System habitats and activities for DRAFT_Klein_Dec. 2012 threatened and endangered species to achieve recovery objectives so that special protection measures provided under the Endangered Species Act are no longer necessary; or FSH 2670.22 Sensitive Species 1. Develop and implement management practices to ensure that species do not become threatened or endangered because of Forest Service actions.). One of the analysis assumptions made for all species, is through the course of implementing projects during the next 10 to 15 years that follow the guidance of the forest plan, at least one individual of all species of conservation concern will be impacted. Activities that would disrupt an individual’s normal behavior patterns for such things as breeding, foraging and sheltering would be considered as impacting that individual. For example, during the life of the plan, it is assumed that wildland fire will be used as a management tool for several thousand acres to help achieve the desired conditions outlined in the plan. Inherently the use of fire will disrupt the normal behavior of species due to smoke and could actually cause mortality in those less vagile species such as land snails. Additionally snags and down logs are vulnerable to loss from fire (Bagne et al. 2008; Randall-Parker and Miller 2002) making it a reasonable assumption that during 10 to 15 years of implementing the plan at least some snags/downed logs that provide shelter for bats or snails, or that provide nest sites, plucking posts or foraging structure for birds will be lost, disrupting an individual’s behavior.
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