Regional Water Resources Cumberland County, NS (Vaughan and Somers, 1980)
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Province of Nova Scotia Department of the Environment Water Planning and Management Division Regional Water Resources Cumberland County, Nova Scotia by James G. Vaughan & George H. Somers (t$_ Honourable R. Fisher Hudson, Q.C. C.D. Carter, P. Eng. Minister Deputy Minister Wax,Nova Scotia 1980 i Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Vaughan, James G. Regional water resources, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia ISBN 0-88871-02 1-6 1. Water-supply-Nova Scotia--Cumberland County. 2. Water quality management-Nova Scotia-Cum- berland County. 3. Hydrology--Nova Scotia- Cumberland County. I. Somers, George H. 11. Nova Scotia. Water Planning and Management Division. 111. Title. GB708.N6V38 333.91’009716’11 C81-096005-2 Table of Contents Page Page Executive Summary vii 5.2 Hydrostratigraphy ................ 31 5.2.1 Stratified Suficial Deposits .... 33 Chapter 1 Introduction 5.2.2 Non-Stratifed Suficial Material .................. 35 1.1 Purpose and Scope ................ 1 5.2.3 Igneous-Metamorphic and 1.2 Previouswork ................... 2 Conglomerates ............. 35 1.3 Physiography .................... 2 5.2.4 Pictou-Cumberland 1.4 Climate ........................ 3 Sandstones ................ 36 5.2.5 Interbedded Sediments 37 1.5 Population and Land Use ........... 3 ....... 1.6 Water Resources Data Base 5.2.6 Shales and Evaporites ........ 38 5.3 Special Studies .................. 39 Inventory ...................... 3 1.7 Acknowledgements ............... 4 5.3.1 Test Drilling Results ......... 39 5.3'.2 BritishLake ............... 39 5.3.3 Lower Leamington Proposal .... 39 5.3.4 Selection Process ............ 41 Chapter 2 Bedrock Geology 2.1 Methodology .................... 7 2.2 Regional Geology ................ 7 Chapter 6 Water Quality 2.3 Stratigraphy .................... 7 6.1 Methodology .................... 43 2.3.1 Pre-Carboniferous ........... 7 2.3.2 HortonGroup 7 6.2 Surface Water Quality ............. 43 ............. 6.3 Groundwater Quality .............. 49 2.3.3 WindsorGroup ............ 7 2.3.4 Canso Group .............. 7 2.3.5 Riversdale Group ........... 7 2.3.6 Cumberland Group ......... 10 Chapter 7 Environmental Survey 2.3.7 PictouGroup .............. 10 2.4 Structural Geology ................ 10 7.1 Introduction .................. 55 7.2 Forestry ........................ 55 7.3 Agriculture ..................... 57 7.4 Mining ........................ 57 I Chapter Surfiaal Geology 3 7.5 Stormwater and Sewage Disposal ..... 57 3.1 Methodology .................... 13 7.6 Waste Disposal .................. 57 3.2 Glacial Tills ..................... 13 3.3 Glaciofluvial Sediments ............ 14 3.4 Peat and Muck ................... 15 Conclusions ........................ 58 References ......................... 61 Chapter 4 Hydrometeorology 4.1 Methodology .................... 17 Appendices 4.2 Meteorology .................... 17 4.2.1 Precipitation ............... 17 Appendix A Planning Agreement ........ 63 4.2.2 Temperature .............. 19 Appendix B Hydrometeorological Data ... 68 4.2.3 Evapotranspiration .......... 20 Appendix C Test Well and Control Well 4.3 Hydrology ....................... 20 Data Summary ............ 76 4.3.1 Stream Flow Hydrographs ..... 20 Appendix D Tables of Chemical Analysis . 78 4.3.2 GroundwaterHydrographs .... 23 4.3.3 Basin Analysis .............. 25 4.3.4 Water Balance ............. 27 List of Tables ........................ iv List of Figures ........................ v Chapter 5 Hydrogeology 5.1 Methodology .................... 3 1 List of Maps ......................... v ... 111 List of Tables Table Page Page 1.1 Average Precipitation and 6.4 Surface Water Quality, Shinimikas, Temperature ..................... 3 Tidnish and Nappan in mg / 1 ......... 48 2.1 Stratigraphic Sequence ............... 8 6.5 Groundwater Quality Data, 4.1 Mean Annual Precipitation Cumberland . Pictou-Cumberland-Riversdale Sandstones County and Region ................ 18 and Interbedded Sediments .......... 50 4.2 Precipitation Variations .............. 19 6.6 Groundwater Quality Data, 4.3 Annual Mean Temperature "C ....... 20 Pictou-Cumberland and Riversdale Shales 51 4.4 Lake Evaporation (mm) ............ 21 6.7 Groundwater Quality Data, Windsor 4.5 Low Flow Comparison, River Philip and Shales and Evaporites ............... 52 Maccan ........................ 22 7.1 Environmental Survey .............. 55 4.6 Streamflow Summary, Cumberland County, 1978 ................... 22 4.7 Comparison of Groundwater Yields, Appendix B June to September, 1978 ........... 24 4.8 Basin Analysis, Geomorphic B. 1 Instrumentation 1978 Meteorological Parameters ..................... 26 Stations ......................... 67 4.9 Estimated Annual Yield Over Study B.2 Instrumentation 1978 Hydrometric Area .......................... 28 Stations ......................... 67 4.10 Water Balance, 1978 Calendar Year ... 28 B. 3 Monthly Precipitation and Temperature 4.11 Water Balance, Kelley River, 1978 ........................... 68 1972-75 ......................... 29 B.4 Unit Yields, Wallace River Sub-basins, 5.1 Cumberland County, Drilled Well Summer 1978 .................... 69 Data ........................... 31 B.5 Kelley River Baseflow Analysis, 5.2 Surficial Aquifer Yields ............. 3 5 1971-78 ......................... 69 5.3 Yield Data on Drilled Wells in the B.6 Basin Analysis Geomorphic Cobequid Mountain and Rodney Area, Parameters ...................... 70 Cumberland County ............... 36 5.4 Yield Data on Drilled Wells in the Cobequid Mountain Area, Colchester County ......................... 36 Appendix C 5.5 Data Obtained From Drilled Wells in Pictou-Cumberland Sandstones ....... 37 C. 1 Test Well and Control Well Statistics ... 75 5.6 Data Obtained From Drilled Wells in C.2 Wells Not Tested-Statistics .......... 76 Pictou-Cumberland-Riversdale Interbedded Sediments ............. 38 5.7 Data Obtained From Drilled wells in Appendix D Pictou-Cumberland-Riversdale Shales ... 38 6.1 Water Quality, River Philip, 1978 ...... 44 D. 1 Chemical Analysis of Surface Waters, 6.2 Water Quality, Maccan River, 1978 ..... 45 Cumberland County ................ 7 7. 6.3 Surface Water Quality, Cobequid D.2 Chemical Analysis of Groundwaters, Mountains in mg/ 1 I ............... 48 Cumberland County ............... 80 List of Figures Figure Page 1.1 Study Area Location ................ 1 6.8 Average TDS Concentration Versus Mean 1.2 Index Map, Cumberland County ...... 4 Discharge, All Stations, River Philip and 2.1 Generalized Geology of Study Area .... 9 Maccan ......................... 47 2.2 Geological Cross Section, Cumberland 6.9 Mean TDS Concentration Versus Area Basin A - B, C - D ................. 11 Drained, River Philip ............... 47 2.3 Geological Cross Section, Cumberland 6.10 Water Quality, Shinimikas, Basin E - F ....................... 11 August 17, 1978 .................. 49 3.1 Classification of Till Types ........... 13 6.11 Groundwater Quality, Pictou and 3.2 Rocky Sandy Tills .................. 13 Riversdale Sandstones and Interbedded 3.3 Sandy Tills ...................... 14 Sediments ....................... 49 3.4 Clay Tills ........................ 14 6.12 Groundwater Quality, Cumberland 3.5 Glaciofluvial Sediments ............. 15 Sandstones and Interbedded 4.1 Hydrometric and Meteorlogical Recording Sediments ....................... 49 Sites ........................... 17 6.13 Ground Water Quality, Pictou, Riversdale 4.2 Isohyets of Mean Annual Precipitation, and Cumberland Shales ............. 51 1967-76 ......................... 18 6.14 Groundwater Quality, Windsor Shales and 4.3 Isohyets of Mean Summer Precipitation, Evaporites ....................... 52 1967-76 ......................... 19 7.1 Environmental Survey .............. 56 4.4 Mean Monthly Temperatures 1978 ..... 19 4.5 Hydrograph West River Philip, at Collingwood Corner .............. 21 Appendix B 4.6 Iso-runoff Curves, Mean Summer Runoff 1967-76 ................... 23 B. 1 Isohyets of Total Annual Precipitation, 4.7 Base Flow Analysis ................. 24 1978 ........................... 77 4.8 Stream Profiles ................... 25 B.2 Isohyets of Summer Precipitation, 4.9 Actual and Computed Profiles of Stream 1978 ........................... 71 Channels ........................ 25 B.3 Hydrograph, East River Philip, 4.10 Hypsometric Curves ................ 26 Station 01DN007 .................. 72 5.1 Percent Wells Versus Depth .......... 31 B .4 Hydrograph, Maccan River, 5.2 Percent Wells Versus Yield ........... 31 Station 01DL002 .................. 72 5.3 Test Holes, Graphic Summary of B.5 Hydrograph, Wallace River, Logs ........................... 32 Station 01DN004 .................. 72 5.4 Isopach of Springhill Surficial B.6 Hydrograph, Wallace River, Aquifer ......................... 33 Station 01DN005 .................. 72 5.5 Profile of Collingwood Surficial B. 7 Hydrograph, Roaring River, Aquifer ......................... 34 Station OlDNOO6 .................. 73 5.6 Water Supply Alternatives for B. 8 Hydrograph, Five Islands River, Springhill ....................... 40 Station 01DJ004 ................... 73 * 6.1 Surface and Groundwater Sample Station B. 9 Hydrograph, Kelley River, Locations ........................ 43 Station OlDLOOl .................. 73 6.2 Water Quality, River Philip January 30, B. 10 Iso-runoff Curves, Summer 1978 ....... 74 1978 Series A ..................... 46 B. 11 Iso-runoff Curves, Annual 1978. ....... 74 6.3 Water Quality, River Philip June 1, 1978 Series B ........................