WP3 Proceedings
NEED Conference Innovative education methods
Finland 3.-6.6.2009
Part 3
Content
Part 1: Wednesday 3.6.2009 Geology of Finland / Jari Nenonen Geology of the NEED Finland target area / Heikki Vesajoki WP2 workshop: summarizing Work Package 2, connecting WP2 to WP3 / Thorvardur Arnason Workshop: Environmental knowledge and experience: making the connections / Patrick Dillon
Part 2: Thursday 4.6.2009 Finnish Stone Centre and Geo Knowledge Centre / Ilkka Nykänen and Leena Mustonen Origin and features of soapstone / Heikki Pirinen NEED study module for the Finnish Stone Center / Seija Juntunen Comment by The Finnish National Board of Education / Lea Houtsonen
Part 3: Friday 5.6.2009 Koli as a tourist resort / Eevi Nieminen and Heikki Hamunen National parks as environmental education environments in Finland / Lasse Lovén Koli as a tourist resort: historical overwiew / Eevi Nieminen Koli as a tourist resort: nowadays / Heikki Hamunen Changing national parks - interaction between nature conservation and tourism in Finland / Riikka Puhakka NEED Study module for Koli National Park / Seija Juntunen
Part 4: Saturday 6.6.2009 Summarizing WP3, results in WP3 • Ireland 1: Carol Gleeson • Ireland 2: Maria McNamara • Iceland: Thorvardur Arnason and Gulla Úlfars • Norway: Anne Kristiansen and Benny Sætermo • Finland 1: Ilkka Ratinen • Finland 2: Pekka Hynninen GIS in educational use, GIS tool / Ilkka Ratinen Feedback / Patrick Dillon
KOLI AS A TOURIST RESORT
Eevi Nieminen Heikki Hamunen
Koli is one of the most famous landscapes in Finland. The area is situated in Northern Karelia, on the western shore of Lake Pielinen, and is known especially for its hills and a great view from hilltops. Koli was made famous by Finnish Carelianist artists who made the area as their “pilgrimage destination” in the turn of 19th and 20th century. During that time Koli became – and still is – a great part of the national identity of Finnish people.
During centuries, Koli has had many different meanings to different people, representing for instance a sacred place of worship, an area of traditional slash-and-burn farming method, a nature reserve and a potential for economic development. The area also plays an important role in the history of tourism in Finland. The tourism has developed in stages since the end of 19th century towards the new ideas and challenges of today.
The stage of Koli’s discovery
As a tourist resort Koli was discovered thanks to the interest of Carelianist artists for Eastern Finland in the end of 19th century. In a way the stage of discovery began already in the middle of 19th century, since steamboat traffic began on the Lake Pielinen in 1869. In the turn of 19th and 20th century approximately 500 tourists visited Koli per year. Among them were nationally and also internationally known people like writer Juhani Aho, painters Eero Järnefelt and Pekka Halonen, composer Jean Sibelius and photographer I.K. Inha. However, at the time, most of the tourists came from the neighbouring area and Koli was mostly a resort for weekend trips in the summer. The tourism didn’t affect significantly on the nature, landscape, culture or regional economy of the area.
The stage of commitment to tourism
In the turn of 19th and 20th century, new constructions were built and evolved in Koli specifically to serve tourists and tourism. The first inn, so-called Ylämaja, was completed in 1896, the same time as the motorway from Joensuu to Koli. The core area of Koli hills became state-owned in 1907. In that time the Finnish state begun to support the tourism in the area with budget funds. The commitment to tourism showed both in the development of the service structure and the growing number of tourists. In 1924, approximately 6000 tourists were estimated to visit Koli per year, but it is probable that this number was an overestimate.
The stage of fast development
In the 1930’s the number of tourists increased faster than earlier. The landscape and the attractions of Koli were shaped in order to cultivate tourism: In 1937 a camping area and a slalom slope were built, and a couple of years later the first ski lift in Finland. The tourism in Koli was not any more dependent only on visitors coming from neighbouring area. More than 7000 people per year from all over the country visited Koli. The firm belief in tourism showed in the extent and quality of investments: away from the small-scale individual travelling and towards a versatile tourist attraction that serves ”the masses”.
The Second World War interrupted the development of tourism. It took about 20 years before next larger investments were made. Only just in the 1950’s and 1960’s the roads were improved, the camping area was renewed and a new enlarged hotel was built. During 1970’s many plans for developing tourism and land use in Koli were made, but these ideas were never realized because of the world-wide oil crisis and economic recession.
A more large-scale development project began in the 1980’s along with the economic boom in Finland. The amount of beds in Koli area was planned to be increased up to 10 000, while the number at the time was approximately 1000. The number of tourists grew rapidly. Koli’s slopes and cottages attracted over 100 000 tourists per year. The growth of tourism and the new large-scale development plans caused resistance as well: in 1989–1990, 84 000 people signed a petition to protect Koli and to establish a national park. The government approved, and Koli National Park was established in 1991. The decision froze the most ambitious development plans, and the growth of tourism stopped because of the economic recession of 1991–1992.
The stage of stabilization
After the establishement of the national park and the economic recession, the growth of tourism slowed down. However, the tourism still had a significant effect on the regional economy and was seen as a base of it. In the end of 1990s, Koli was redirecting the development towards emphasizing the unique nature and culture of the area as well as the sustainability of tourism.
Environmental protection, respect for old traditions and cultural heritage, maintenance of nature’s diversity and the quality of customer service are Koli’s main values. The role of national park in the development of tourism in Koli area was emphasized in the beginning of the 21th century. Tourism and conservation have both been taken into account in the park’s care and management plan. The aim is to increase the number of visitors, but without jeopardizing the sustainability of the nature.
Services for school groups in Koli
The guidance centre of Koli National Park, Visitor Centre Ukko, was opened in 2000. Ukko’s permanent exhibition “Heritage of Koli” presents Koli’s diverse nature and cultural history. Approximately 50 000 people visit Ukko per year. Koli National Park and Visitor Centre Ukko are managed by Metsähallitus, which is a state enterprise taking care of land and water areas owned by the state of Finland. In serving visitors, Metsähallitus is assisted by a local association Friends of Ukko-Koli. The association takes care of customer service and guided tours in Visitor Centre and organizes school camp services in Koli area.
There are several educational programs for the school groups in Koli. The groups can choose between 25–30 different guided programs, which are organised by several local companies and also the association Friends of Ukko-Koli. The programs involve either adventure and sports or contents of geology, history and culture. Friends of Ukko-Koli offer a school camp coordinating service which helps teachers to plan and organise a study visit or a school camp. There are many supporting services available in Koli, like accommodation, restaurant services and nature activities.
In addition to the guided programs, there are four different educational trails in Koli National Park. The themes of these trails are geology, slash-and-burn agriculture, groves and forests and forest restoration and management.
Travellers in Koli area today
Koli can be seen as a truly Finnish holiday resort. Finnish national landscape and the importance of Koli for the Finnish culture and history make the resort special. Koli is a Finnish resort based on the number of visitors. Some 85% of the travellers who lodge in the area are Finns. International tourists come mainly from Russia, Germany and Switzerland. The proportion of Russian tourists is approximately 50% of all international tourists.
The main groups to visit Koli area can be divided in four categories: 1) families and couples, 2) visitors of cultural and other events, 3) participants of meetings, educational events and scientific seminars and 4) active outdoor-lovers. Age of the visitors cannot be seen as the factor that determines who visits Koli. Rather, it is the interest in nature, outdoor activities and culture that is common for visitors in Koli.
The number of overnights in North Carelia and in Koli has been approximately on the same level in the beginning of century. However, the number of overnights has varied clearly between the single years. Majority of overnights in the area is registered in the summer season (app. 60.000). The number of registered overnights in winter is approximately 30.000.
The vision 2015
Today, Koli is a holiday resort and a National Park that attracts visitors above all with its nature and landscape. Koli Master Plan (2007) underlines how nature values of Koli, cultural heritage, the already existing services and events as well as the significant players and the geographic location form an excellent basis for Koli resort to develop one of the most attractive holiday resorts in Finland. Koli Master Plan also describes four factors as strategic cornerstones for the development of tourism in Koli (Koli Master Plan 2007).
1. Sustainability is noted in all spheres of development. 2. In the service infrastructure, Koli offers originality and variety. 3. Nature is the most attractive feature of Koli. 4. Investments are increased in the tourist centre of Loma-Koli and the Koli village.
Similarly, Koli Master Plan defines the future vision 2015 of the Koli tourist resort. The vision states that Koli will be known nationwide and internationally as an unique and versatile ecotourism resort thanks to the Koli National Park and the Finnish National Landscape. The vision list that properties such as nature, quality, culture and sustainability will be underlined in travellers’ experiences in and around Koli.
Even though Koli and its surroundings attract more than 140,000 visitors annually, the services of Koli resort need to be further developed. More than 30 M € were invested in the Koli area during 2000-2006. Mainly, these investments have focused on infrastructure such as improving the road network, Koli harbour, Nature Heritage Center in the National Park and water pipes. One growing area of operations has been building of holiday houses. During and after the national holiday housing fair in 2006, approximately 150 new holiday houses have been built in the Koli area.
To be able to provide services to travellers and income for entrepreneurs in tourist business all year around, new capacity is required. As a goal, Koli Master Plan defines that Koli resort should offer lodging capacity for 5000 persons in 2015. Of the total capacity, some 4000 beds would be provided by commercial intermediates in hotels, cottages and other facilities.
Similarly, the capacity in restaurants is expected to grow. Koli Master Plan foresees that restaurants in Koli area can serve up to 2000 customers, which triples the number of seats in 2005.
Literature
Juntunen, S. 2009. A comparative analysis between learning opportunities provided by Finnish target areas and the national core curricula. University of Joensuu, Faculty of Education. A handout. 20 p.
Saarinen, J. & Lovén, L. 2000. Sata vuotta nousuun lähdössä. In: Lovén, L. & Rainio, H. (ed.). Kolin perintö – kaskisavusta kansallismaisemaan. Metsäntutkimuslaitos and Geologian tutkimuskeskus. Gummerus Kirjapaino Oy, Jyväskylä. p. 138–145.
Kolin Master Plan: Ainutlaatuinen Koli. Lieksan kaupunki. 2007. 63 p. (In English a summary available: Unique Koli. Master Plan of Koli 2007-2015.) 30.12.2009
Welcome to Koli National Park
Lasse Lovén Metsähallitus National Heritage Services
The Finnish National Identity
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Forest and Lake People 4000 BC 1000 AD
Survivors in the Nature
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Culture of forefathers
Spirit in the Stone
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Geological and Esthetical Heritage of Lake Saimaa and Pielinen WH Tentative Candidate since 2005
Explorations Rock paintings ? Maybe.
KOLI
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Fire in and on the Stone
The international NEED conference on environmental education at Koli,Koli, Finland
Scenic Beauty on the Rocks Environment for education on nature and culture
and more
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Metsähallitus Natural Heritage Services
permanent 355 persons temporary 675 persons sum 587 years
Nature guidance Interpretation Environmental education
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Methods for Environmental education
•Information material
•Constructions)
•Guidance
•Media and partnerships
•Occasions
National Parks
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National Parks
Lemmenjoki
Urho Kekkosen kp 2 • NPs 35, 8 818 km Pallas-Yllästunturi Pyhä-Luosto • vuonna 2008 appr. 1. 8 m ill v is itors Riisitunturi Oulanka
Perämeri Syöte
Rokua
Hiidenportti Tiilikkajärvi Patvinsuo Salamajärvi KOLI Pyhä-Häkki Petkeljärvi Kauhaneva-Pohjankangas Kolovesi HlHelveti tijäinjärvi Lauhanvuori Linnansaari Seitseminen Leivonmäki Isojärvi Puurijärvi ja Isosuo Repovesi Torronsuo Kurjenrahka Liesjärvi Valkmusa
Nuuksio Itäinen Suomenlahti Saaristomeri Tammisaaren saaristo
Kilpisjärvi Visitor centres Siida Ivalo Tunturi-Lappi Kiehinen Koilliskaira Pallastunturi Kellokas Savukoski Pyhätunturi
• viitisitor serv ices in 30 po itints Etiäinen Hautajärvi Oulanka Ruka Karhuntassu Syöte • exhibitions and info Hossa
• Environmental education Kalajoki Petola
• 900 000 visitors 2008 Terranova Ruunaa KOLI
• In edu-ggproups 50 000 visitors Oskari • Customer satisfaction 4 Seitseminen Nestori
Häme – Score 1 min 5 max Teijo
Sinisimpukka Tammisaari
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Koli national park Environmental education network
Park administration Friends of Ukko-Koli Supporting services National park association
Visitor centre Nature school project Programme services Steering group 6 enterprises Coordinator Development EU/Leader+ Performance
Pedagogic trails Basic services Pedagogic programmes 13 enterprises beds, food, transport
Steering Group Metsähallitus Municipalities Expert stakeholders Organization for Environmental Education in Nuuksio-centre Nuuksio centre Environmental education service Manager of the centre
Planner guides
External Experts Pedagogic program services
Supporting services
Enterprise 1 Enterpr. 2 Enterpr. 3 Enterpr. n food beds transport Social programmes
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Electrical education services
www.outdoors.fi
National Parks as a novel environment for education For the future
Thank you for your attention Lasse Loven [email protected]
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Koli as a tourist resort: historical overview
• Koli is a great part of the national identity of Finnish people and the history of Finnish tourism • During centuries, it has had many different meanings to different people, representing – a sacred place of worship and sacrifice – an area of traditional slash-and-burn farming method – a symbol of Finnish identity – a tourist resort – a nature reserve – potential for economic development of it’s region
• The tourism of Koli has developped in stages since the end of 19th century towards the new ideas and challenges of today
2
1 30.12.2009
The stage of Koli’s discovery
• Koli was discovered thanks to the general interest for Eastern Finland (Carelianism) in the turn of 19th and 20th century • Approximately 500 tourists per year visited Koli • Among them were people like writer Juhani Aho, painters Eero Järnefelt and Pekka Halonen, composer Jean Sibelius and photographer I.K. Inha, who made the area famous in Finland and abroad as well
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The stage of Koli’s discovery, 2nd slide
• However, at the time, most of the tourists came from the neighbouring area and Koli was a resort for weekend trips in the summer
4
2 30.12.2009
The stage of commitment to tourism
• In the turn of the 19th and 20th century, new constructions were built and evolved specifically to serve tourists and tourism
• Koli’s Ylämaja was completed in 1896, the same time as the motorway from Joensuu to Koli
• Koli became state-owned in 1907 and in that time the Finnish state begun to support the tourism in the area with budget funds
• The commitment to tourism showed both in the development of the service structure and the growing number of tourists 5
The stage of fast development • In the 1930’s the number of tourists increased faster than earlier • The landscape and the attractions of Koli were shaped in order to culti va te tour ism: In 1937 a campi ng area and a slalom slope were built, and a couple of years later the first ski lift in Finland • Circa 7000 people/year from all over the country visited Koli
• The firm belief in tourism showed in the extent and quality of investments: away from the small-scale individual travelling and towards a versatile tourist attraction that serves ”the masses” 6
3 30.12.2009
The stage of fast development (2nd slide)
• After the Second World War the development of tourism was very slow in Koli • Only just in the 1950’s and 1960’s the roads were improved, and a new enlarged hotel was built • A more large-scale development project began in the 1980’s along with the economic boom in Finland Koli’s slopes and cottages attracted over 100 000 tourists per year • The development of tourism caused resistance as well: in 1990, 84 000 pppeople si gned a petition to protect Koli and to establish a national park and a year later the government approved • The growth of tourism faded after that and suffered even more because of the economic recession of 1991-1992
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Towards new challenges • After the economic recession and the decline in tourism, Koli is now redirecting the development • Emphasizing the unique nature and culture of the area as well as the sustainability of tourism • Environmental protection, respect for old traditions and cultural heritage, maintenance of nature’s diversity, and the quality of customer service are Koli’s main values 8
4 NEED project WP3 conference 3.-6.6.2009 ”Koli as a tourist resort nowadays”
Heikki Hamunen Koli Tourism Association
30.12.2009 1
Unique Koli: pure Finnish nature and culture
• One of the most bbifeautiful and popular tourist attractions
• Holiday resort and a National Park with +120,000 visitors p/a
• Nature is the most attractive feature of Koli.
• Unesco World Heritage Status in the future?
• Growth in the 2000’s. Investments +32 million €.
• Searching for further growth and investments
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1 Koli – within 500 km range
• St. Petersburg 520 km • Petrozavodsk 516 km • Helsinki 490 km • Lappeenranta 303 km • Rovaniemi 500 km • Nuijamaa 307 km • Niirala 141 km • Easy access to services in North Carelia / Eastern Finland
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Attraction both in summer and winter
•Winter: • Summer: – Two ski centres within 10 – Truly Finnish holiday resort km distance – Lake Pielinen & hiking & – Longest and steepest slopes culture events in Southern Finland – Other winter activities – Easy access to other North – ”Great slopes, easy access, Carelia: rapid shooting, golf friendly service” courts, monastries, orthodox culture…
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2 Koli is growing – new players needed
• Koli Master Plan (2007): Lodging capacity up to 5000 beds in 2015 (now ~3000 beds). Most capacity in holiday houses. • Some 60+ M € being planned for expanding the amount and quality of services. An additional investment of 70 M € needed to reach the objectives of the service level. • The total amount of investments 142 M € • Room for investors, operators, new players in restaurants, accommodation and supporting services
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Commercial development (main concepts)
• Families and couples • Active and healthy life- style • Cultural and other events • Meetings, education and research
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3 Questions? Kiitos!
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CHANGING NATIONAL PARKS – INTERACTION BETWEEN NATURE CONSERVATION AND TOURISM IN FINLAND
Riikka Puhakka University of Oulu, Thule Institute/Oulanka Research Station
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
number of visits to 35 national parks has grown average number of visits in 1992: 15 000 1997: 27 000 2002: 32 000 2008: 50 000 2008: 1,8 million visits nature-based tourism has become a tool of regional development
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AIM OF THE STUDY
how the central stakeholders of Finnish national parks understand the role of tourism as part of the grounds of nature conservation and the use of parks? stakeholders: park authorities (Metsähallitus and the Finnish Forest Research Institute), tourists, tourism entrepreneurs nationa l parks: construc te d by hist ori cal and soc ial practices role of tourism in parks is neither historically nor culturally unchanging or indisputable
RESEARCH MATERIALS
official planning documents of national parks e.g . management and land use plans, strategies of tourism 33 interviews for tourists in Koli National Park 7 interviews for tourism entrepreneurs in Koli NP historical review: previous studies
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RESULTS OF THE STUDY
four discourses that define the interaction between nature conservation and tourism in national parks different ways of speech and thought; ways of referring to or constructing knowledge about a particular topic may conflict with each other but may be common to different stakeholders
RESULTS OF THE STUDY
several competing discourses, but one is more dominant than the others at a certain period of time directs the management and land use of parks make possible to understand the various meanings of parks and disagreements over the use of parks
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NATIONAL PARKS AS CONSERVATION AREAS
main purpose of parks: nature conservation natural scientific criteria of conservation parks are outside economic activities nature is separate from society large-scale tourism may be harmful for conservation goals
NATIONAL PARKS AS CONSERVATION AREAS
nature conservation vs. tourism: conflict small-scale recreational use is allowed in parks discourse has appeared in Finland since the beginning of the park discussion strict restrictions for the use of parks conservation is strongly based on scientific expertise and biological ideas of nature in the 1980-90s the management and land use of Finnish parks was based on this discourse e.g. critical attitude towards tourism as an economic and business activity
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NATIONAL PARKS AS TOURIST DESTINATIONS
parks provide citizens places to see and experience nature founded to satisfy humans’ needs aesthetic criteria of nature conservation maintaining the visual characteristics of nature conservation goals are closely connected to the interests of tourism idea of the interaction between nature conservation and tourism: symbiosis
NATIONAL PARKS AS TOURIST DESTINATIONS
parks need to have recreational facilities and services restrictions for tourism are based on maintaining tourists’ experiences and ideas of nature e.g. motor vehicles vs. image of untouched wilderness
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NATIONAL PARKS AS TOURIST DESTINATIONS
has never been the dominant discourse in Finland was at its strongest in the earlyyp phase of conservation history aesthetic and recreational aspects have maintained motives for establishing parks
NATIONAL PARKS AS DESTINATIONS OF SUSTAINABLE NATURE-BASED TOURISM
has become the dominant discourse in Finland directs the management and land use of parks natural scientific criteria of conservation goals related to developing nature-based tourism combines ecological goals of nature conservation and economic goals of nature-based tourism protec tion & use o f na ture do no t to ta lly excl ud e each oth er environmental impacts of tourism are noticed aims to solve the problems by implementing the principles of sustainability
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PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE NATURE TOURISM IN PROTECTED AREAS (METSÄHALLITUS)
1. Natural values are preserved and all activities promote nature conservation. 2. The environment is subjected to as little pressure as possible. 3. Local traditions and cultures are respected. 4. Visitors increase their understanding and appreciation of nature and cultures. 5. Improved recreational facilities are provided for visitors. 6. Visitors are encouraged to enjoy both mental and physical recreation. 7. Local economies and employment are promoted. 8. Publicity materials are produced responsibly and carefully. 9. Activities are planned and organised co-operatively.
NATIONAL PARKS AS DESTINATIONS OF SUSTAINABLE NATURE-BASED TOURISM
policy of denials and restrictions -> co- operation and the management of tourism within the limits of acceptable criteria parks fulfill the economic and socio- cultural goals of sustainability tourism is justified with regional development
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NATIONAL PARKS AS DESTINATIONS OF SUSTAINABLE NATURE-BASED TOURISM
conservation vs. tourism: symbiosis central role in the Finnish discussion since the 1990s change of the management and land use of parks in the 2000s role of tourism has increased tourism is justified with regional development gggoals of regional develo pment are le gitimated with the concepts of sustainable development and tourism e.g. Metsähallitus (2004): aim to increase the total number of park visits 5% annually by 2010
NATIONAL PARKS AS RESOURCES OF LOCAL PEOPLE
emphasizes the socio- ccaultural and ecoecoocnomic perspectives parks are historical places which have a lot of cultural meanings stresses the local use of parks as economic resources does not aim at separating nature and society from each other
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NATIONAL PARKS AS RESOURCES OF LOCAL PEOPLE
emphasizes human activities’ harmony with nature stresses knowledge based on local residents’ everyday experiences of living with nature cultural criteria of nature conservation maintaining people’s way of life in a certain area aims to increase local inhabitants’ rights and possibilities to use natural areas conservation or tourism do not necessarily benefit local people most economic meaning of tourism has increased has never been the dominant discourse in Finland
NAT. PARKS AS NAT. PARKS AS CONSERVATION TOURIST AREAS DESTINATIONS Frame Parks are founded to Parks provide preserve nature citizens places to see and experience nature Most important Ecolillogical Socio-cullltural, values economic Perspective Translocal Translocal (local)
Motives for nature Ecological Aesthetic conservation Idea of conservation Conflict Symbiosis vs. tourism Idea of nature Outside society Outside society (human (human is only a is only a visitor) visitor) Aesthetic experience, Ecological reserve source of livelihood
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NAT.PARKS AS NAT.PARKS AS DESTINATIONS RESOURCES OF OF SUST. NAT.- LOCAL PEOPLE BASED TOURISM Frame Parks fulfill the goals Parks should be used in of conservation and local traditional tourism livelihoods &recreation Most important Ecological, socio- Socio-cultural, values cultural, economic economic Perspective Translocal, local Local Motives for nature Ecological Cultural conservation Idea of conservation Symbiosis Irrelevant question vs. tourism Idea of nature Outside society (human Not separate from is only a visitor) society Object of conservation, Resource which has experience, source of also cultural meanings sustainable livelihood
CONCLUSIONS
role of tourism has increased in national parks in Finland aim is to combine the ecological goals of conservation and the economic goals of nature-based tourism by implementing the principles of sustainability goal of regional development
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CONCLUSIONS
interests of local people are taken into account more widely than previously discourses have shifted closer to each other reflects the international development co-ordinating conservation and the utilization of nature is seen as advantageous for both conservation and regional development nature conservation has become more instrumental and market-oriented -> neoliberalization of nature
CONCLUSIONS
probably the goal of regional development will still gain strength in Finnish national parks integration of multiple goals has become more important in nature conservation
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
12 Study module Landscape to Koli National Park
University of Joensuu Seija Juntunen WP3 conference 5.6.2009 Koli
Starting point for planning study modules in Koli: • Guided outdoor excursions, also dealing with geological topics • Need of exercises to start the learning process indoors • In WP4, the same indoor learning environment is developed by it’s physical aspects
> Study module which connects to the geological field excursion
1 Study module Landscape / Koli
Objectives: Pupils will learn • to understand how and why landscapes change • to know how to interpret the structures, origins and development of landscapes • to understand the interactions between nature and human
Skills to develop: problem-solving skills, picture-analysing skills, team work..
What is so unique in Koli that has attracted visitors for more than a century and still does? Landscape
Photo: Kolin kotiseutuyhdistys
2 Concept of landscape Elements of landscape
Photo: Kolin kotiseutuyhdistys
Problem to solve: How and why landscapes form and change?
3 A) Natural processes changing the landscape Problems to solve: • How the Koli hills have formed? • How the lake has formed? • How the islands have formed?
Having answers.. • A story of formation of Koli hills (starting 2800 million years ago) • A card series (in each card: piece of the story and a clarifying picture) • Pupils put the cards in the right order and learn how
the landscape has formed Picture: GTK
Formation of the Karelids (folded mountain)
4 Examples of cards:
Pictures: GTK
How the islands have formed Weathering
Checking the learning
What does the ice age have to do with the f ormati on of K oli lan dscape ?
How the rock types relate to the formation of Koli landscape?
5 B) Humans changing the landscape Analysing old photos Objectives in biology and geography in 6th graders: Pupils will.. use pictures as sources of geographic information.
Photos: Kolin kotiseutuyhdistys
What kind of signs of human actions you can find from the photo?
Photo: Kolin kotiseutuyhdistys
In geography, the instruction must help the pupil to understand phenomena associated with the activity of human beings and the natural world, and the interaction of those phenomena.
6 In your opinion, which one controls the landscape, human activity or nature?
Photo: Kolin kotiseutuyyyhdistys
The objectives in geography instruction are.. ..that pupils will understand the dependence of human activity on the possibilities that the environment offers.
Changes in landscape
Photo: Kolin kotiseutuyhdistys
7 Comparing an old and a new picture • Which one of the photos is older? Why you think so? • How the landscape has changed? (What has appeared, and what disappeared?) • Who/which has caused the changes? • How fast human can change the landscape? HftthtHow fast the nature ch anges th thlde landscape ? • What kind of changes human has made to landscape?
How the geological features / aspects have effected to human life in Koli a) to everyday life? b) to sources of livelihood?
Photo: Kolin kotiseutuyhdistys
8 Koli landscape in the future • What do you think, what kind of changes there will be in landscape of Koli? • Who or what will do the changes? Who will make the decisions? • How the Koli landscape looks like after 100 years?
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