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Fedgazette Flood Issue FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF MINNEAPOLI S OCTOBER 2011 VO L. 25 NO . 4 fedgazetteA REPORT ON THE 2011 FLOODS minneapolisfed.org Regional Business & Economics Newspaper z t r i W A . A d l a n o R y b h p a r g o t o h fAloflooodd ofof p p o T Above: Gavins Point Dam in July, where 165,000 cubic feet of ffloods water was discharged per second, 50 percent Floods are common in the district, but the floods of 2011 were anything but typical more than Niagara Falls. By RONALD A. WIRTZ Editor Also in this issue It’s rare in today’s media-soaked world for things to be understated. Small, even After the flood trivial, events are sensationalized, framed as epic, over the top, bigger than life. But for the floods of 2011, it might be the opposite: too widespread, torrential Financial and other marks and destructive to overstate their imprint across the Ninth District. will be left on communities If you haven’t heard much about them, you live either on very high ground or page 11 nowhere near water, for it’s hard to ignore lazy rivers and streams that turn into property vandals seemingly everywhere. Floods are also tragically photogenic ; they make for great news stories expressly because they are visible, personal, indiscrimi - A new look at hydropower nating and utterly heartless. New energy proposals are That’s what brought the national media to Minot, N.D., in late June when a coming to district rivers biblical surge of water in the Souris River pushed through the middle of town. The spotlight also came to Billings, Mont., when a burst oil pipeline underneath a In Minot, N.D., dikes built for a 100-year flood were no match for the page 13 raging Yellowstone River put a slick spin on an all-too-common disaster. Souris River, which inundated 4,100 homes and businesses. Continued on page 2 fedgazette Page 2 A FLOOD OF FLOODS OCTOBER 2011 These floods were also exceptionally three-dimensional, often coming at great height and velocity, and enduring for weeks, even months. A flood of floods from page 1 Zimbelman in mid-July. Three weeks “A torrent of water floods, especially large, unseasonal ones.) Abstract: after the initial flood, “houses are still Nor do these figures represent the The floods of 2011 were historical up to the middle of the picture win - everywhere” full extent of flooding because not every river and tributary is tracked by in breadth, volume and duration, dow. It has been devastation. And Flooding is not unusual in Ninth the USGS, and even major rivers are particularly in the Dakotas and that’s the good areas,” he said. District states. Flooding of some staked only intermittently, which means As such, the floods of 2011 can be rivers—like the Red River, which flows Montana. They forced thousands that “the number of locations that have hard to appreciate as a headline news north between Minnesota and North of people to flee their homes, had flooding issues is actually higher story. They were so widespread, so huge Dakota—is almost an annual ritual. sometimes for months. They inun - than what is reflected by our gage data,” in volume and so long in duration that This year, Fargo, N.D., saw the Red according to Ryan Thompson, a hydrol - dated homes, damaged businesses, they read more like a novel in their scale. River rise 21 feet over flood stage, which ogist in the South Dakota USGS office. ruined public infrastructure and They forced thousands of people to flee sounds dramatic until you learn that These floods were exceptionally three- swamped local budgets. The public their homes, sometimes for months. this is the third year running that the dimensional, often coming at great They inundated homes, damaged busi - river has threatened to inundate the cost of floods—while still sketchy— height and velocity, and enduring for nesses, ruined roads and bridges, city. Two years ago, the river crested 23 will likely run into the hundreds of we eks, even months (see sidebar on page 5). turned parks into messy swimming feet over flood stage and left behind an millions of dollars in district states; Regions of the Dakotas and pools and swamped local budgets. They estimated $70 million in damage. the private loss of wealth is mostly Minnesota are also experiencing basin interrupted and upended life for entire One of the big differences this year unknown, aside from anecdotes, communities as never before. Flood flooding—a type of slow-motion flood - was that so much water filled so many ing of glacial lakes that have no natural and possibly even higher. With the costs will likely run into the hundreds of rivers and streams, reaching so many millions of dollars in district states—and or significant outlets to release large exception of Minot, N.D., it could places in the district, many of which those are just the public funds that are inflows from rain and snowmelt. (These hadn’t seen significant flooding for 50 have been much worse. Cities like relatively easy to track; the loss of private lakes were not included in the above years or longer. Although historical Bismarck and Mandan (N.D.) and wealth is mostly unknown and may run flood counts and will be the subject of a comparisons are difficult, the floods of Pierre and Dakota Dunes (S.D.) even higher than public losses. future fedgazette article.) 2011 appear unprecedented in their Somewhat overlooked in the chaos faced significant peril from floods. breadth, depth and duration. of floods is a backhanded feel-good But advanced warning, heavy levee Ed Tinsley, administrator of story. Were it not for aggressive, pro - Not so nice to meet you, fortifying and community boot - Montana Disaster and Emergency tective actions on the part of commu - Services , knows something about Mr. Flood strapping helped these communi - nities—including private individuals, nature’s fury . He noted that the state ties avoid much worse fates. but also numerous federal, state and As one might imagine, such widespread, has “had its share of catastrophic disas - local government agencies—the floods intensive flooding puts much life and ters,” whether flood, drought, wildfire, of 2011 would have been much worse, property in harm’s way. There were few In the end, however, the national even earthquake. While they take a toll, inflicting devastation far beyond hard- firm estimates of flood costs by the end media acted like a flood of their own: “the disastrous flooding of 2011 was an hit communities such as Minot and its of summer, especially from Montana or right here, right now and gone tomor - unprecedented series of events . ... As we immediate neighbors. Cities like South Dakota, mostly because damage row. The real floods, on the other hand, look back, and even as we look ahead, it Bismarck and Mandan (N.D.) and was widespread, and floodwaters were stayed like an old college roommate, has been an adventure on many levels .” Pierre and Dakota Dunes (S.D.) faced slow to recede and allow for assess - hanging around until everyone prayed Andy Peterson travels the neighboring significant peril from floods, but ments. for them to leave. While many people state widely as head of the North Dakota advance warning, heavy levee fortify - As of early September, the state of might have heard about the plight of Chamber of Commerce : “ I get into every ing, community bootstrapping and North Dakota had identified more than Minot, few can appreciate the flood’s even a little bit of luck helped these corner of the state. What I have witnessed $500 million in flood-related costs, duration in the city, said Mayor Curt communities avoid catastrophe. is a torrent of water everywhere you go.” including $305 million in public infra - The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) structure damage; earlier in the sum - constantly monitors thousands of mer, it estimated that total public and FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF MINNEAPOLIS streamgages—depth sticks—to measure private damages could exceed $1 bil - Regional Business & Economics Newspaper levels across the country, including the lion. Almost 8,800 individuals have been Ninth District. Data from these gages approved to receive $90 million in grant ISSN 1045-3334 show the widespread nature of flood - assistance from the Federal Emergency ing, especially in Montana and North Subscriptions are available without charge. Back issues are available EXECUTIVE EDITOR Kei-Mu Yi Management Agency (FEMA) for tem - on the Web. Articles may be reprinted if the source is credited and Public Dakota (see map on page 3). Between SENIOR EDITOR David Fettig porary housing and essential home Affairs is provided with copies. Permission to photocopy is unrestricted. April 1 and July 31, streamgages in 74 repairs. The U.S. Small Business Send correspondence to Public Affairs, Federal Reserve Bank of EDITOR Ronald A. Wirtz unique rivers, streams and other tribu - Minneapolis, 90 Hennepin Avenue, P.O. Box 291, Minneapolis, MN, MANAGING EDITOR Jenni C. Schoppers Administration has also approved $210 55480-0291; (612) 204-5255. taries in Minnesota, the Dakotas and REGIONAL ECONOMIST Tobias Madden million in low-interest disaster loans to Montana hit flood stage—the point at Email: [email protected] ASSOCIATE ECONOMIST Rob Grunewald residents and businesses . ( Those figures Internet: minneapolisfed.org which a river overtops its banks and SENIOR WRITER Phil Davies will also change, given late-September spreads onto its flood plain. These tor - One of the Minneapolis Fed’s congressionally mandated responsibilities GRAPHIC DESIGNERS Rick Cucci deadlines for assistance.) is to gather information on the Ninth District economy.
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