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1 Towards a Visualisation of the Zionist Sabra 1930-1967 JC Torday
Towards a visualisation of the Zionist Sabra 1930-1967 JC Torday A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Brighton for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy February 2014 1 Declaration I declare that the research contained in this thesis, unless otherwise formally indicated within the text, is the original work of the author. The thesis has not been previously submitted to this or any other university for a degree, and does not incorporate any material already submitted for a degree. Signed JC Torday Dated February 2014 2 Abstract (page 3) Introduction (page 5) Research Approach (page 16) Arab Villages and colonisation (page 24) Cultural Memory and collective memory (page 31) Chapter 1: Theoretical considerations and influences on Zionist photographs (page 39) Critics of and theories about photographs (page 39) Influences on Israeli photography (page 45) Chapter 2: Zionism and colonialism (page 71) The rise of Zionism (page 71) The Iron Wall (page 76) A view from 1947 (page 81) Zionism and anti-Semitism (page 84) Zionism and Fascism (page 87) Zionism and nationalism (page 90) Colonialism (page 93) Colonialism and Zionism (97) Three waves of Jewish immigration (page 102) The Sharon Plan (page 105) Colonialism and photographs (108) Biblical archaeology (page 113) Ethnocentric myth (page 119) Chapter 3: Photography in the Holy Land and beyond (page 121) Beginnings (page 121) Photographs in the Yishuv (page 130) Photographs in Israel (page 147) Chapter 4: The Sabra (page 174) The myth of the Sabra (page -
Aspects of Early Palestinian Photography* Rona Sela the Essay
In the Eyes of the Beholder - Aspects of Early Palestinian Photography* Rona Sela The essay opens with two photographs from approximately the same period, one (image 1) by the Jerusalem born, Christian-Palestinian photographer, Hanna Safieh (1910- 1979), and the second (image 2) by the Jewish Hungarian photographer, Zoltan Kluger (1895- 1977). The first, by Safieh, is of a young Palestinian boy wrapped in a kaffiyeh and wearing a jellabiya, his arms hugging a large sheaf of wheat that almost hides his upper body. Photographed in a close-up of his upper torso and inclined slightly from left to right, he smiles for the camera. The boy and the bundle of wheat fill the entire frame, which has no other visual information. The boy looks straight ahead, his eyes not meeting those of the photographer or the camera. The photograph, probably taken in the early 1940s in the Jerusalem area, is from Safieh's private archive held by his son. Most of Safieh's archive was looted in 1967. The second photograph, by Kluger, shows a young Jewish girl in a similar pose, her body turned slightly from right to left. She too is photographed in a closeup of her upper torso, one hand holding a bundle of wheat, smiling, a headscarf in the style of an Eastern European peasant tied around her head, and wearing a western style blouse. The girl and the wheat occupy the whole frame, with no other visual information. Her pensive, secretive gaze looks into the far distance. The image, photographed at Bnei-Brit [a Jewish settlement in the lower Galilee] in 1938, is called "One of the Settlers" and is from the Keren Kayemeth Le Israel Archive (Jewish National Fund).1 * The original text was published in Photography in Palestine in the 1930s & 1940s (Sela 2000, Hakibbutz Hameuchad publishing House (2000, in Hebrew, hereafter: Photography in Palestine). -
Scouting Palestinian Territory, 1940- 1948
Scouting In the years between 1943 and1948, squads of young scouts from the Haganah, the pre- Palestinian state armed organization and forerunner of Territory, 1940- the Israel Defense Forces, were employed to gather intelligence about Palestinian villages 1948: and urban neighborhoods1 in preparation for Haganah Village a future conflict and occupation, and as part of a more general project of creating files on Files, Aerial Photos, target sites.2 and Surveys The information was usually collected Rona Sela under the guise of nature lessons aimed at getting to know the country, or of hikes that were common in that period. The scouts systematically built up a database of geographical, topographical and planning information about the villages and population centers. This included detailed descriptions of roads, neighborhoods, houses, public buildings, objects, wells, Palmach Squadron, Al-Majdal (Gaza District), caves, wadis, and so forth. 1947, Aerial Photograph, Haganah Archive. Overall, this intelligence effort was [ 38 ] Scouting Palestinian Territory, 1940-1948: Haganah Village Files, Aerial Photos, and Surveys known as the “Village Files” project, reflecting the fact that most of the sites about which information was collected were the numerous Palestinian villages existing in Palestine before 1948, and that documenting those villages was a central mission. The scouts’ work included perspective sketches, maps, drawings and photographs of each village and its surroundings. The maps used by the scouts were collected in a secret base on Mapu Street in Tel Aviv, located in a cellar that was given the cover name of “the engineering office” and code-named “the roof.” Detailed information about the villages was meticulously catalogued and organized in files by the planning bureau of the Haganah general staff, then held in the organization’s territorial command centers around the country. -
Aliyah and Settlement Process?
Jewish Women in Pre-State Israel HBI SERIES ON JEWISH WOMEN Shulamit Reinharz, General Editor Joyce Antler, Associate Editor Sylvia Barack Fishman, Associate Editor The HBI Series on Jewish Women, created by the Hadassah-Brandeis Institute, pub- lishes a wide range of books by and about Jewish women in diverse contexts and time periods. Of interest to scholars and the educated public, the HBI Series on Jewish Women fills major gaps in Jewish Studies and in Women and Gender Studies as well as their intersection. For the complete list of books that are available in this series, please see www.upne.com and www.upne.com/series/BSJW.html. Ruth Kark, Margalit Shilo, and Galit Hasan-Rokem, editors, Jewish Women in Pre-State Israel: Life History, Politics, and Culture Tova Hartman, Feminism Encounters Traditional Judaism: Resistance and Accommodation Anne Lapidus Lerner, Eternally Eve: Images of Eve in the Hebrew Bible, Midrash, and Modern Jewish Poetry Margalit Shilo, Princess or Prisoner? Jewish Women in Jerusalem, 1840–1914 Marcia Falk, translator, The Song of Songs: Love Lyrics from the Bible Sylvia Barack Fishman, Double or Nothing? Jewish Families and Mixed Marriage Avraham Grossman, Pious and Rebellious: Jewish Women in Medieval Europe Iris Parush, Reading Jewish Women: Marginality and Modernization in Nineteenth-Century Eastern European Jewish Society Shulamit Reinharz and Mark A. Raider, editors, American Jewish Women and the Zionist Enterprise Tamar Ross, Expanding the Palace of Torah: Orthodoxy and Feminism Farideh Goldin, Wedding Song: Memoirs of an Iranian Jewish Woman Elizabeth Wyner Mark, editor, The Covenant of Circumcision: New Perspectives on an Ancient Jewish Rite Rochelle L. -
The South Hebron Hills
THE SOUTH HEBRON HILLS SOLDIERS TESTIMONIES 2010-2016 Breaking the Silence's activities are made possible through the generous support of individuals and foundations including: AECID, Bertha Foundation, Broederlijk Delen , CCFD , Dan Church Aid , Die Schwelle , the Delegation of the European Union to the State of Israel , Foundation for Middle East Peace , medico international , MISEREOR , The Moriah Fund , New Israel Fund , NGO Development Center (NDC), Open Society Foundations , OXFAM, Pro-Victimis Foundation, Rockefeller Brothers Fund , Sigrid Rausing Trust , SIVMO , Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs , Trócaire, ZIVIK and the countless private individuals who have made contributions to our work over the past year . This list represents a list of donors correct to the date of publication. The contents and opinions of this publication do not represent those of our donors or partners and are the sole responsibility of Breaking the Silence. THE SOUTH HEBRON HILLS SOLDIERS TESTIMONIES 2010-2016 ISRAELI SOLDIERS TALK ABOUT THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES Introduction The South Hebron Hills is the southernmost part of the West Bank and includes the Palestinian towns of Yatta, Dura, Dhahiriyah, and the surrounding rural areas. The region includes approximately 122 Palestinian communities which together house close to 70,000 people, as well as roughly 8,500 settlers who live in settlements and unauthorized outposts affiliated with the Mount Hebron Regional Council.* The Palestinian population of the South Hebron Hills is primarily composed of Bedouin, as well as fellahin (farmers or agricultural laborers) cave dwellers, who lead a rural traditional lifestyle, earning their living primarily from agricultural work and sheep herding. Some are refugees who arrived in the West Bank after being expelled from Israel in 1948 and the years that followed, while others are descendants of families who have been living in the area for hundreds of years. -
Trade Unions in the Democratic Process: 10 International Contributions
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Friedrich, Wiebke (Ed.); Schwarz, Christoph H. (Ed.); Voigt, Sebastian (Ed.) Book Gewerkschaften im demokratischen Prozess: 10 internationale Beiträge - Trade unions in the democratic process: 10 international Contributions edition der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, No. 278 Provided in Cooperation with: The Hans Böckler Foundation Suggested Citation: Friedrich, Wiebke (Ed.); Schwarz, Christoph H. (Ed.); Voigt, Sebastian (Ed.) (2013) : Gewerkschaften im demokratischen Prozess: 10 internationale Beiträge - Trade unions in the democratic process: 10 international Contributions, edition der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, No. 278, ISBN 978-3-86593-177-1, Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, Düsseldorf This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/116461 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. -
Jewish Book and Arts Festival
Washtenaw Jewish News Presort Standard In this issue… c/o Jewish Federation of Greater Ann Arbor U.S. Postage PAID 2939 Birch Hollow Drive Ann Arbor, MI Ann Arbor, MI 48108 The Jewish Musical Permit No. 85 Urban Volunteers Theater Kibbutz and with Movement VNP Ari Axelrod page 16 page 19 page 21 October 2018 Tishrei/Cheshvan 5778 Volume XVIII Number 2 FREE Old world meets new world for the Arts Around Town: Jewish Book and Arts Festival Clara Silver, special to the WJN he Jewish Community Center of Friends of Magen David Adom at afmda.org/ On Thursday, Kahn’s unique contribution to the creation Greater Ann Arbor will present Arts event/talk-with-alan-dershowitz. October 25, the eve- of modern manufacturing as well as his role T Around Town: Jewish Book and Arts The annual Book and Gift Sale concur- ning will begin with in defending and preserving the famous Di- Festival beginning Thursday, October 18, rent with Arts Around Town will open the the annual sponsor ego Rivera mural at the Detroit Institute of and continuing through Monday, November same evening, Thursday, October 18, in the dinner at 6 p.m., for Art, and his role in helping the Soviets push 12. For 31 years the JCC has produced a fes- atrium of the JCC. A variety of books of those members of the back the Nazis in 1941–1942. tival — originally exclusively a book festival popular genres, as well as books from the Arts Around Town will host photographer — which has evolved to a broader festival presenters and authors who will be guest of Leslie Sobel on Sunday, October 29, for a recep- celebrating authors and artists of all kinds. -
The Applied Research Institute – Jerusalem
Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem (ARIJ) P.O Box 860, Caritas Street – Bethlehem, Phone: (+972) 2 2741889, Fax: (+972) 2 2776966. [email protected] | http://www.arij.org Applied Research Institute – Jerusalem Report on the Israeli Colonization Activities in the West Bank & the Gaza Strip Volume 183, October 2013 Issue http://www.arij.org Bethlehem • Israeli Occupation Army (IOA) stormed and searched several Palestinian houses in At-Tal area in Al-Khader village, west of Bethlehem city. Clashes erupted between Palestinians and the IOA, the IOA fired teargas and stun grenades at Palestinians, causing dozens of suffocation cases. (Maannews 2 October 2013) • Due to the high demand for residential around the Gush Etzion settlement bloc, headed by David Pearl held last week a community event marketing character Orthodox community located east of Gush Etzion and overlooking the breathtaking views of the Judean Desert and Sea - Dead Sea. Event marketing, hundreds of interested and family traveled Regional Council organized rides and departing Jerusalem, Beit Shemesh and Beitar Illit, in addition to the many guests who independently. Guests were impressed by the houses planned program and many of them were continuing process of reception and purchase, while their children enjoyed Fanning particularly experienced and workshops that included inflatable baking clay and makeup design. Shunt community now numbers 55 religious families and community will soon begin construction of private homes. In the first stage, which should start in the coming weeks will be built 60 units, when the entire final project will include 300 residential units. Gush Etzion Council noted that the past year has been a leader in the Regional Council population growth stood at 4.1%, and the regional council expect to double this number in the coming years. -
Jewish Minorities in the Middle East Art and Heritage Law Report Jewish Minorities in the Middle East
ART & HERITAGE LAW REPORT | JEWISH MINORITIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST ART AND HERITAGE LAW REPORT JEWISH MINORITIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST Published by COMMITTEE FOR CULTURAL POLICY By Katherine Brennan and Kate Fitz Gibbon 2 ART & HERITAGE LAW REPORT | JEWISH MINORITIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Authors Katherine Brennan and Kate Fitz Gibbon gratefully acknowledge the contributions of many friends and colleagues who have worked for years to bring justice to Jewish communities in the diaspora and who helped our work by providing reference materials and sharing their comments and criticism. In particular, we would like to recognize the many kindnesses of Gina Waldman and Sarah Levin of JIMENA, Carol Basri, and Marcus Lubin. The Committee for Cultural Policy Inc. (CCP) is a 501(c)(3) U.S. non-profit organization established to strengthen the public dialogue on arts policy and to support museum and cultural development around the world. CCP supports public appreciation for the art of ancient and indigenous cultures. It provides resources to educational institutions, press and policy-makers. It encourages policies that preserve artifacts and archaeological sites, adequate funding for site protection, safe harbor in international museums for at-risk objects, uncensored academic research, and the development of regulatory structures that foster the lawful collection, exhibition, and global circulation of artworks. Art and Heritage Law Reports are published by the Committee for Cultural Policy, Inc. In addition to the Art and Heritage Law Reports, CCP publishes the Global Art and Heritage Law Series, publications with analyses of national cultural heritage law and practice by volunteer attorneys in law firms from countries around the world. -
Chag Pesach Sameach
Pesach 2015/5775 Pesach hag C Sameach In this Issue Flowers in Hatch End The Israeli Kibbutz Blood Sweat and Hummus The story behind the blooms Movement Working with the MDA in Israel An exclusive update report Genocide Memorial Day Celebrating Purim Keeping the memory alive Making Aliya An alternative approach First year in Israel About our members From the editor’s desk HWPS BIRTHDAY WISHES TO: MAZEL TOV TO: BIRTHDAY WISHES TO: Ray Frost, 80 Janet and Alan Solomon on the Robert Benson, 21 Woolf Heymann, 90 occasion of their Golden Wedding Elaine Shoffman, 60 Anniversary David Mushlin, 80 Jordan Grabski, 21 Dear Reader Highlights Estelle Raynaud, 75 Sam Dysch, 21 BIRTHDAY WISHES TO: David Solomon, 70 How time flies. It and life as a career civil servant, are just 24 Ursula Gross Veronica Lansman, 70 was only a year a few of the offerings this month. GET WELL WISHES TO: Genocide Dennis Mitchell ago that the first So as I begin to delete a multitude of Stanley Morris Memorial Day Nina Morris GOOD LUCK IN THEIR NEW Kehila magazines files from my computer and life returns Joy Pearson HOME TO: were coming off the to normal, I need to think about the 30 Phyllis Sanderson Ellen Cook printing press. Over annual task of unpacking the stored The music lives MOSAIC REFORM Deborah and Victor Davis on Jeanette Shindler MAZEL TOV TO: the months we have boxes of Pesach crockery, pans and Richard Sontag Margaret and Michael Abrahams on CONDOLENCES TO refined the contents and presentation cutlery. With my role as an editor ‘on 34 their 50th anniversary of both the monthly and seasonal pause’ till later this year, I am alas, no Flowers in GET WELL WISHES TO: Paul, David and Madeline on the Gloria and Melville Faber on their 65th death of their mother, Rene Bernson Kehilas. -
Of the 27Th ZIONIST CONGRESS
RESOLUTIONS of the 27th ZIONIST CONGRESS with A Summary of the Proceedings and the Composition of the Congress Jerusalem June 9-19, 1968 ORGANIZATION AND INFORMATION DEPARTMENT qsnt OF THE ZIONIST EXECUTIVE / lUV rHE AMERICAN JEWKH COMMIE Blaustein Library RESOLUTIONS of the 27th ZIONIST CONGRESS with A Summary of the Proceedings and the Composition of the Congress Jerusalem June 9-19, 1968 JERUSALEM 1968 Printed under the supervision of the Publishing Department of the Jewish Agency by The Jerusalem Post Press, Jerusalem Translated from the Hebrew Original Printed in Israel CONTENTS INTRODUCTION I. Congress Proceedings 5 II. The Date and Composition of Congress 11 RESOLUTIONS OF CONGRESS A. The Zionist Programme 17 B. Political Matters 17 C. Immigration and Absorption 22 D. Structure of the Movement 28 E. Legislative Matters 32 F. Organizational Affairs 35 G. Agricultural Settlement and Land Development 38 H. Youth 40 I. Education 44 J. Budget, Finance and Control 47 K. Funds 48 L. Elections 49 LIST OF MEMBERS OF CONGRESS Members of Congress with Voting Rights Delegates 59 Deputy-Delegates appointed during Congress 64 Delegates of Youth Movements, Students and Aliya Movements 65 Members of Congress without Voting Rights Members of the Zionist General Council 66 Hamercaz Hachofshi 67 Representatives of Communities and Organizations 67 Representatives of Zionist Federations 68 Representatives of Emergency Campaigns 68 Legal Officers who attended Congress 68 INTRODUCTION I. CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS The Twenty-seventh Zionist Congress was held in the National Conven- tion Centre ("Binyanei Ha'ooma") in Jerusalem on June 9—19, 1968. On the day Congress opened all participants, including the President of the World Zionist Organization and the Chairman of the Zionist General Council, made the pilgrimage to the Western Wall, where they took part in the Minha prayer. -
Supplement Ißo. 2. to Zhc Paleattne $A3ette Ißo. 532 of 22N* Huöuet, 1935
Supplement ißo. 2. to Zhc paleattne $a3ette ißo. 532 of 22n* Huöuet, 1935. AIR NAVIGATION (COLONIES, PROTECTORATES AND MANDATED TERRITORIES) ORDER, 1927. AUTHORIZATION IN VIRTUE of the powers conferred on the High Commissioner by Article 27 (2) of the Air Navigation (Colonies, Protectorates and Mandated Territories) Order, 1927, I hereby certify that by a special and temporary authorization permission has been granted for the flight within the limits of Palestine (including the territorial waters adjacent thereto) of the following aircraft of Egyptian nationality:— Type of Aircraft Registration Mark WACO SU—A AN. This permission is limited to the period from the 10th August, 1935, to the 10th September, 1935, inclusive and is granted subject to the following conditions : — (a) The aircraft and its crew and passengers shall be liable to all the legal obligations which arise from general legislation, from Customs legislation and import and export regulations and any regulations which may be laid down for public safety. — 780 - (b) The occupants of the aeroplane shall deposit with the local Police Authorities all firearms in their possession at the time of their first arrival in Palestine, to be held in custody by the Police until the final departure of the aeroplane from Palestine. (c) If permission is given to land at any aerodrome or landing ground controlled by the Royal Air Force, it will be subject to the understanding that the occupants of the aeroplane will observe any conditions which may be imposed by the Royal Air Force Authorities in regard to the carriage or use of cameras in aircraft.