DOCSLIB.ORG

December 2018

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
December 2018 N° 90 — December 2018 Second Regional Dialogue on WTO Accessions for the Greater Horn Accessions Strategic Objectives of Africa, Djibouti, 3-6 December 2018 Domestic reform instrument Systemic update The Second Regional Dialogue on WTO Governments from the region: Comoros, Market access expansion Accessions for the Greater Horn of Africa took Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan. place in Djibouti from 3 to 6 December 2018. Equatorial Guinea also participated on a self- International cooperation for trade The event was organized by the WTO funded basis. Other participants included Secretariat in partnership with the representatives of recently acceded Members Inside this issue: Government of Djibouti and the International (Afghanistan, Montenegro and Yemen) and Trade Centre (ITC). The thematic focus of this Djibouti, development partners (The • Second Regional Dialogue on WTO Accessions for year's Regional Dialogue was "Trade for Peace Intergovernmental Authority on the Greater Horn of Africa — Djibouti, 3-6 through WTO Accessions". More than 80 Development, The Trade Policy Training December 2018 participants attended the Dialogue, including Centre in Africa, The United Nations LDC Accessions: Comoros, Ethiopia, ministers, senior officials and private sector Economic Commission for Africa and The Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan representatives from the LDC Acceding World Bank) and international experts. Non-LDC Accessions: Equatorial Guinea • 2018 Strategic Focus: Bosnia and Herzegovina • Accession Working Parties State of Play: - Algeria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Belarus and Uzbekistan • Technical Assistance and Outreach activities: Accessions Annual Outreach to Regional Groups — November 2018 Upcoming activity: Seminar on WTO Accessions Rules (4-15 February 2019) • 2018 DG Annual Report on WTO Accessions • Update of Accessions Commitments Database (ACDB) • Testimony from a Young Professional: Participants of the Second Regional Dialogue on WTO Accessions for the Greater Horn of Africa Ms Feruza Nabiyeva (Kazakhstan) • WTO Accession Progress Tracker and Evolving The Dialogue was jointly opened by H.E. Mr. from the region (see next section for details Work Programme Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed, Prime Minister on these accessions). A Report of the outcome • Accessions Anniversary Dates — Article XII of Djibouti; H.E. Mr. Hassan Houmed Ibrahim, of the Regional Dialogue has been circulated Members — December Minister Delegate for Trade, SMEs, Crafts, to WTO Members and Observers at the Tourism and Formalization of Djibouti; • Accessions Toolbox request of the Government of Djibouti in Ambassador Alan Wm. Wolff, WTO Deputy document with joint symbols: WT/ACC/34; Director-General; and Mr. Rajesh Aggarwal, WT/GC/198; WT/COMTD/LDC/27. Stay connected Chief, Trade Facilitation and Policy for Business, ITC. Their remarks acknowledged the timely nature of the Dialogue's 'Trade for Peace' theme at a time when the Greater Horn of Africa is experiencing positive social, political and economic developments. Participants engaged in a rich, informative and interactive dialogue over several sessions that spanned four days. The sessions discussed various aspects of WTO accession, including, (i) its interface with the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA); Opening ceremony by H.E. Mr. Abdoulkader Kamil (ii) the emerging best-practices in the Mohamed, Prime Minister of Djibouti and Ambassador preparatory and negotiating phases of the Alan Wm. Wolff, WTO Deputy Director-General process; (iii) the role of the Accession Chief Negotiator; and, (iii) the inclusiveness of the private sector and other stakeholders in the Ambassador Chiedu Osakwe (Nigeria), Ambassador accession process. The Regional Dialogue also Mohammad Hagjo (Afghanistan), Ms Emilia served as a platform to share recent progress Malavoloneque (Grupo Neosol), Ms Mariam Soumaré and challenges in the five on-going accessions (WTO) and Mr Michael Ferrantino (World Bank) Ambassador Kadra Ahmed Hassan, Permanent Representative of Djibouti in Geneva 1 N° 90 — December 2018 Second Regional Dialogue on WTO Accessions for the Greater Horn of Africa, Djibouti, 3-6 December 2018 (cont’d) The participants in the Regional Dialogue attended the opening ceremony of Djibouti's Second International Trade Fair and visited the Port of Djibouti, the Doraleh Multipurpose Port and the Djibouti International Free Trade Zone (DIFTZ). On the margins of the Dialogue, Ambassador Alan Wm. Wolff, WTO Deputy Director- Lecture at the University of Djibouti by Ambassador Alan Wm. Wolff General, held bilateral meetings with several representatives of the Government of Djibouti, including H.E. Mr. Ismaïl Omar For more information on the Guelleh, President of the Republic of Djibouti. Regional Dialogue, please visit At these meetings, the Djibouti authorities the dedicated website at: reaffirmed their commitment to the https://www.wto.org/english/ Multilateral Trading System and the work of Visit of Djibouti port and the International Free thewto_e/acc_e/ Trade Zone (DIFTZ) the WTO, and highlighted the importance of prog2ndreginaldialogu18_e.htm trade facilitation and e-commerce for the economy of Djibouti. LDCs Accessions Comoros: Ambassador Assoumani Youssouf on trade licensing, intellectual property rights, Sudan: H.E. Mr. Musa Mohamed Karama, Mondoha, Permanent Representative of the investment and government procurement. Minister of Industry and Trade, stressed that Union of the Comoros to the African Union, The importance of technical assistance for trade played a key role in fostering peace and reported that two customs-related, WTO building capacity was stressed. stability, and in particular, the accession to the compliant, reform measures had been rule-based multilateral trading system was successfully adopted. The next step in the considered as a catalyst for Government's accession process is the submission by efforts to undertake necessary economic Comoros of replies to questions, which will be reforms to promote the rule of law and good the basis for the Secretariat to update the governance. draft Report for the next meeting of the Working Party. Ethiopia: Mr. Geremew Ayalew Haile, Minister Counsellor at the Permanent Mission of Ethiopia to the WTO, reported that Prime Bilateral Meeting with Delegation of Somalia — Minister Abiy Mohamed had appointed Mr. Djibouti, -3 6 December 2018 Mamo Mihretu as Chief Trade Negotiator Meeting with Minister Karama — Khartoum, Sudan, 9 December 2018 responsible for WTO accession, and that the South Sudan: H.E. Mr. Agak Achuil Lual objective of the Government was to resume Manok, Undersecretary of the Ministry of Following the Regional Dialogue, the the accession process with a view to its early Trade, Industry and EAC Affairs, stated that Secretariat undertook a technical mission to conclusion, so as to support the Government's South Sudan's aspiration for joining the WTO Khartoum on 8-13 December 2018. The reform agenda. was part of its broad commitment to promote objective of the mission was to collect an open free market economy. South Sudan information to update the Factual Summary of At the invitation of the Government, the was developing its MFTR, and it planned to Points Raised so as to reflect the trade policy Secretariat will undertake a technical mission establish an Inter-Ministerial Steering developments of 2018. During the mission, to Addis Ababa, from 14 to 18 of January Committee and to appoint a Chief Negotiator the Secretariat met with Minister Karama and 2019. The objective of the mission is to shortly. the Technical Committee, which included update the full set of the accession representatives of the line-ministries involved documentation, including the Factual Prior to the Regional Dialogue, the WTO in the accession process. The agreed next Summary of Points Raised, required for the Secretariat undertook a mission to Juba, on steps at the end of the mission included, inter resumption of the Working Party in the spring 28-30 November 2018. The mission's main alia, the circulation of the updated Factual of 2019. objective was to review the work undertaken Summary and other negotiating inputs in on the draft MFTR, which will be finalised for January 2019. On 12 December, Ambassador Morten circulation to WTO members before the end Jespersen (Denmark) was appointed by the of December. General Council as Chairperson of the Working Party on the Accession of Ethiopia. Somalia: H.E. Mr. Dahir Adan Abdullah, State Minister for Commerce and Industry, noted that his Government was currently finalizing the Memorandum on the Foreign Trade Technical Assistance mission to Khartoum— Regime (MFTR). Moreover, Somalia had been 8-13 December 2018 undertaking reforms, such as, enacting laws Bilateral Meeting with Delegation of South Sudan — On 12 December, Mr. Katsuro Nagai (Japan) Djibouti, -3 6 December 2018 was appointed by the General Council as Chairperson of the Working Party on the Accession of Sudan. 2 N° 90 — December 2018 Second Regional Dialogue on WTO Accessions for the Greater Horn of Africa, Djibouti, 3-6 December 2018 (cont’d) Non-LDCs Accessions Equatorial Guinea: A 3-person delegation, led by Mr. Expedito Genaro Osâ Nsomboro Okomo, Focal Point of the Enhanced Integrated Framework, participated in the Second Regional Dialogue on a self-funded basis. Equatorial Guinea, whose Working Party was established in 2008, is currently preparing the MFTR. At the request of the Government, the Secretariat plans to undertake a technical mission to Malabo,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Shifting Sands of Djibouti
    DECEMBER 2019 ISSUE NO. 331 The Shifting Sands of Djibouti MONTY KHANNA ABSTRACT In spite of Djibouti being one of the smallest nations in Africa, its strategic location coupled with the shifting geo-politics of the region have increased its relevance manifold. Various events have influenced the position of Djibouti in the international reckoning: the secession of Eritrea from Ethiopia, the ‘Global War on Terror’, and increasing piracy off the Horn of Africa. Today Djibouti has the distinction of hosting military bases of four major countries, including China’s first overseas base. China has also started making deep inroads into the economy of Djibouti. This has created a large vulnerability for the United States, France and Japan, all of which depend on China-controlled ports for the sustenance of their bases. (This brief is part of ORF’s series, ‘Eye on China’. Find other research in the series here: https:// www.orfonline.org/series/eye-on-china/) Attribution: Monty Khanna, “The Shifting Sands of Djibouti”, ORF Issue Brief No. 331, December 2019, Observer Research Foundation. Observer Research Foundation (ORF) is a public policy think tank that aims to influence the formulation of policies for building a strong and prosperous India. ORF pursues these goals by providing informed analyses and in-depth research, and organising events that serve as platforms for stimulating and productive discussions. ISBN 978-93-89622-23-2 © 2019 Observer Research Foundation. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, copied, archived, retained or transmitted through print, speech or electronic media without prior written approval from ORF.
    [Show full text]
  • Not So Different from Non-Traders: Trade Premia in the Middle East and North Africa
    Not so different from non-traders: trade premia in the Middle East and North Africa David C. Francis and Helena Schweiger Summary This paper uses a unique, comparable firm-level dataset covering more than 100 developing economies to provide a novel set of stylised facts on firms engaging in international trade in either manufacturing or services, focusing on the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. We show that firms in MENA are more likely to export and/or import than their counterparts elsewhere. However, we do not find the expected positive and significant productivity premia: while MENA’s larger exporters are also more productive, a large share of exporters – the comparatively low- volume ones – are no more productive than non-traders. We also confirm positive and significant productivity premia – the largest among the regions covered – for importing manufacturers. In contrast, we find no size or productivity premia for MENA firms that only sell their goods abroad. These patterns could be explained by the region’s higher barriers to buying goods from abroad. Keywords: International trade, firms, manufacturing, services, developing countries JEL Classification Number: F14, F19, F23 Contact details: David C. Francis, The World Bank Group, Development Economics, 2121 Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W., Washington, D. C. 20433, USA, email: [email protected]. Helena Schweiger, One Exchange Square, London EC2A 2JN, UK, email: [email protected]. David C. Francis is a Private Sector Development Specialist at the World Bank and Helena Schweiger is a Senior Economist at the EBRD. This paper builds on the authors’ work on the joint report by the EBRD, EIB and World Bank Group on “What’s Holding Back the Private Sector in MENA? Lessons from the Enterprise Survey”.
    [Show full text]
  • EIF Annual Progress Report – 2012
    egrated 2012 t In F – r d a m e c e Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF) w n a o ORT h r n k E P • for trade-related assistance for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) E R L PROGRESS A ANNU EIF EIF ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT – 2012 Find out more at: www.enhancedif.org or contact: [email protected] [email protected] Published by the EIF Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-related Technical Assistance to Least Developed Countries at the World Trade Organization (WTO) Rue de Lausanne 154 1211 Geneva 21 Switzerland Tel: +41 (0)22 739 66 50 Fax: +41 (0)22 739 57 66 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.enhancedif.org tegrated In F r d a m e c e Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF) w n a o h r n k E • for trade-related assistance for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) EIF ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT – 2012 This report is based on a master set of data in a data hub that has been compiled by the Executive Secretariat for the Enhanced Integrated Framework (ES) and EIF Trust Fund Manager (TFM) and partner countries of the EIF in response to requirements of the EIF Board as endorsed by the EIF Steering Committee (EIFSC). The report covers the period 1 January to 31 December 2012, providing progress on EIF implementation at programme and country levels, including the outlook for 2013. The full report in English and French can be accessed on the internet at: www.enhancedif.org A hard copy of the publication is available upon request ([email protected]).
    [Show full text]
  • PENRESA FOCUS on DJIBOUTI H.E. Ismail Omar Guelleh Hon. Yonis Ali
    PENRESA FOCUS ON DJIBOUTI FEBRUARY 2020 EDITION in partnership with H.E. Ismail Omar Guelleh President of Djibouti Hon. Yonis Ali Guedi Minister of Energy and Natural Resources Hon. Ilyas Moussa Dawaleh Minister of Economics and Finance Ahmed Osman Ali Governor of the Central Bank of Djibouti Djibouti On The Shores Of Tomorrow Infrastructures, finance, green energy: set on implementing DJIBOUTI - Africa’s Gateway To The East its Vision 2035, Djibouti is not afraid of taking bold decisions. estled on the upper side of the Horn of develop your country, you must have Africa, just where the Red Sea bends connectivity,” explains Abdourahman Ali, and gradually seeps into the Arabian Chief Executive Officer of Air Djibouti, the Sea through the Gulf of Aden, Djibouti is national flag carrier airline. The country is leaping forward at an incredible pace, investing in interconnectivity to ensure all jumping from 154th in 2017 to the 99th cargos entering the country by sea can be position in the 2018 World Bank Ease of conveniently transferred to the Djibouti Doing Business Report. “The government airport to be shipped to nearby countries N of Djibouti has engaged into an ambitious in a quick and cost-efficient way. reform programme,” explains Hon. Ilyas New terminals have been progressively In partnership with Moussa Dawaleh, Djibouti’s Minister of built from 2006 onwards, allowing the Economics and Finance. “Our targeted country to handle all sorts of cargos, interventions in the business environment from fuels to construction materials. The www.penresa.com aim at nurturing a new dynamic to shift latest addition to Djibouti’s impressive [email protected] the mindset from the public sector to port lineup is the Doraleh Multi-purpose private initiative, create employment Port: 200 metres of quay length, 16 quay This report is sponsored and produced by PENRESA instead of looking for one.” cranes, 690 hectares of total area and and did not involve the reporting and editing staff of Vision 2035 is the government’s 22,000 TEUs of handling capacity for an any third party.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Issue 12 April 2013 News The German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and the Public Disclosure Authorized Economic Policy and Debt Department of the World Bank present: DMF Stakeholders’ Forum 2013 “Debt Management: Building Resilience through a Coordinated Policy Agenda and Enhanced Institutions” May 2 to 3, 2013 | Berlin, Germany DMN meeting: Debt market development The Debt Manager’s Network (DMN) virtual meeting on March 7, 2013 focused on debt market development, particularly on the recent trends in the Africa region where bond markets are developing (through both domestic and external issuances). The event included an overview presentation by Mr. Raphael Otieno, Director of the Macroeconomic and Financial Management Institute (MEFMI), and country specific presentations from the Bank of Uganda. About 42 participants were connected, through the Adobe Connect technology, from Moldova, Nigeria, Rwanda, St Kitts, Sierra Leone, Switzerland and Uganda. Participants had the opportunity to discuss practical challenges of the development of debt market, as well as associated risks. Important messages conveyed during the discussion include the need for closer monitoring of the domestic debt. For Public Disclosure Authorized countries interested in sovereign bond issuances, it is important to carefully assess the market environment and enhance planning over time to smoothen the debt repayment profiles. Next DMN meeting: July 18, 2013, Topic: “DeMPA Assessments and Reform Implementation.” UPDATE ON THE DEBT MANAGEMENT PRACTITIONERS’ PROGRAM The DMF team welcomes Ms. Amina Ibrahim Elmi from the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Djibouti, Ms. Maoulida Mohamed Soilihi from the Ministry of Finance of Comoros, and Mr. Bakyt Sydykov from the Ministry of Finance of the Kyrgyz Republic.
    [Show full text]
  • Power Africa
    POWER AFRICA Prepared by Tetra Tech for the United States Agency for International Development, USAID Contract No. AID-623-C-14-00003, under Power Africa Transactions and Reforms Program ("PATRP"). This report was prepared by: Tetra Tech 1320 North Courthouse Road, Suite 600 Arlington, VA 22201 Telephone: 703-387-2100 Fax: 703.243.1374 Tetra Tech Contacts: David Keith Email: [email protected] Jim Hogan Email: [email protected] DJIBOUTI POWER SECTOR ASSESSMENT REPORT NOVEMBER 2014 DISCLAIMER The author's views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .........................................................................................................................1 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................3 2 COUNTRY BACKGROUND ...........................................................................................................4 2.1 GEOGRAPHY AND SOCIO-POLITICAL LANDSCAPE ...................................................................... .4 2.2 ECONOMY ................................................................................................................................5 2.3 OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH ....................................................................................................7 2.3.1 Vision 2035 ................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Design No.101
    Design www.jenab.com No.101 In The Name of God Annual Report 2 015 - 2 016 EDBI In Figures for year ended for year ended Performance (USD Million) Change 20.03.2016 20.03.2015 Pre-tax Income 29.03 47.89 -39.38% Net Profit 28.51 23.08 23.53% Total Income 270.18 249.01 8.50% Total Expenses (241.15) (201.12) 19.90% Balance Sheet figures (USD Million) Total Assets 6,613.02 4,111.87 60.83% Total Liabilities 5,237.92 2,846.98 83.98% Total Equity 1,375.10 1,264.89 8.71% Key Ratios Return on Assets 0.40% 1.20% -66.67% Return on Equity 3.50% 5.80% -39.66% Capital Adequacy Core Capital Adequacy Ratio [Basel I] (percentage) 20.54% 31.60% -35.00% Branch Network and Subsidiaries Branches and Rep. Offices 40 40 0% 2 Contents EDBI In Figures 2 Contents 3 Bank's Board of Directors 6 Bank's Managers 7 Statement of Chairman 8 Group's Description 10 Group Profile 12 Organizational Chart 15 EDBI Today 16 Strategies 18 Performance Review 20 Results of Operation 22 Main Activities In the fiscal year 2015 - 2016 28 Some Financed Projects 32 Financial Review 38 INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 44 Financial Statements 50 Internal Controls & Risk Management 62 Social & Organizational Responsibilities 70 Group Network 78 EDBI's Contact Details 84 Annual Report 2015 - 2016 PERSPECTIVE - Islamic Exim Bank of the Region - Pioneer in presenting timely and cost-effective innovative banking services to the exporters - Equipped with the world’s state-of-the-art technologies - Enjoying financial and banking specialists at the international level and standing in a special position among financial and monetary entities inside and outside the country, - A safe backrest for Iranian exporters, Mission - Providing all-inclusive support from development of Iran’s nonoil exports, - A trusted administrator of government’s policies in financing and facilitating national exports, Bank’s Goal - Contributing to the “development of national exports and expansion of trade and economic transactions with other states” 4 Bank's Board of Directors Annual Report 2015 - 2016 Hossein Eivazloo Board Member Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Resources Development Ii Djibouti
    HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT II DJIBOUTI Submitted by: INTERNATIONAL HUMAN ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS, INC. 360 Park Avenue South New York, NY 10010 1'ay 1984 Country: Republic of Djibouti Project Title: Human Resources Dqvelopment II National Executing Agency: Ministry of Labor International Executing International Human Assistance Agency: .-ograms, Inc. International Labor Organization Project Duration: 5 years Proposed Starting Date: September 1984 Date of Submission'to June 1, 1984 USAID: Project Financing: USAID $4,000,000 Non AID $4,883,900 Total Project Cost:. $3,883,900 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION A. Background Information 1. Djibouti 2. Education in Djibouti 3. IHAP's Efforts to Date B. Project Rationale 1I. PROJECT PURPOSE AND DESCRIPTION A. Goal B. Purpose C. Implementation Strategy D. Beneficiaries III. INPUTS A. LNDP B. USAID/IHAP C. FAC D. GROD IV. EVALUATION PLAN SCHEDULE V. USAID/ThAP FINANCIAL PLAN AND IMPLMENTATION VL. CONSTPUCTION PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) VII. PROCUREMENT PLAN VIII. OPERATION OF LOAN FUND IX. ANNEX 1. Total Project Budget, by AID and Non-AID Contributors and By Project Year 2. Detailed Project Budget - AID Contribution, By Project Year 3. Detailed Implementation Schedule 4. Implementation Schedule Chart 5. Architectural Drawing - SNE 6. Construction Cost Breakdown ­ SNE 7. Architectural Drawing - CFPA 8. Construction Cost Breakdown - CFPA 9. Commodities and Supplies By Project Category, Country of Purchase, and Year 10. IHAP's IRS Employers Identification Number and Dun & Bradstreet Number 11. Assurance of Compliance Form. 1. BACKGROUND The Republic of Djibouti is one of the most resource-poor countries in the world. Independent only since 1977, this tiny to country of 300,000 people, situated on the Red Sea, has sought make up for its lack of natural resources by building a service­ based economy that takes advantage of Djibouti's strategic location for international shipping.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF the Implications of BRI in Djibouti
    RESEARCH ASSOCIATION for R AA I SS INTERDISCIPLINARY DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4006143 AUGUST 2020 STUDIES The Implications of BRI in Djibouti: A Critical Geopolitical Analysis Fahmida Alam1, Samin Farhan Asef2 1Student, Bangladesh University of Professionals, Bangladesh, [email protected] 2Student, Bangladesh University of Professionals, Bangladesh, [email protected] ABSTRACT: Djibouti, located at the horn of Africa, is a part of China's multibillion-dollar program ‘Belt and Road Initiative’(BRI) which aims to achieve geostrategic and commercial objectives. An emerging market opportunity to fuel economic growth, the quest for raw material resources has drawn Chinese attention to the African region. Djibouti is situated on the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait which connects the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean and for China this will help to connect Africa with the Maritime Silk Route of BRI as an important dot. The strategic location has urged China to invest largely in this area to gain geopolitical advantage. Djibouti was lured into borrowing excessively from China for the sake of development, which pushed them towards a debt trap. The objective of the paper is to analyze the geopolitical importance of Djibouti as a part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative. This paper will also attempt to explore the underlying reasons behind Chinese interests in Djibouti and explain the debt-trap narratives. Lastly it presents Djibouti government’s response to deal with the implications of BRI. KEYWORDS: BRI, Djibouti, Geopolitics, Narrative, Debt-trap Introduction The Belt and Road Initiative is the master plan of Xi Jinping to connect China to the rest of the world to create a network for economic co-operation and trade.
    [Show full text]
  • Case Studies of Repatriation in Africa
    CHAPTER V CASE STUDIES OF REPATRIATION IN AFRICA The typology introduced in the previous chapter provides four categories for classifying refugee repatriations. In order to test the veracity of both the typology of repatriation (summarized in Figure 4.3) and the model of information and decision- making (summarized in Figure 3.2), it is necessary to apply these models to cases in the real world. To this end, this chapter presents four case studies of African refugee return migration. For each case, a brief outline of the origins of the refugee situation is provided. Then the social and external contexts are examined to determine the economic, social and security conditions of the refugees, as well as the process by which the refugees receive information about their home areas. Following this analysis, the return migrations are classified according to the new typology of repatriation. Four examples of African repatriation have been selected: Ethiopian returnees from Djibouti in 1983, the 1989 Namibian repatriation exercise, the return migration to Somalia from Kenya in 1993-94, and the major Mozambican repatriation of 1994. These four cases were selected in order to fill certain criteria. Because the question of voluntariness of repatriation is a relatively recent phenomenon, all the cases, except for that of Djibouti occurred during the last seven years. In addition, there are several detailed sources in the literature for each of the cases, providing a broad spectrum of interpretations and analyses. Finally, the cases provide a good sample of the diverse variety of repatriation that occurs on the African continent. The cases represent repatriations into safe areas and conflict zones, organized as well as spontaneous 72 repatriations.
    [Show full text]
  • Djibouti Digital Foundations Project (P174461)
    The World Bank Djibouti Digital Foundations Project (P174461) Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Project Information Document (PID) Concept Stage | Date Prepared/Updated: 23-Oct-2020 | Report No: PIDC29872 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Oct 05, 2020 Page 1 of 22 The World Bank Djibouti Digital Foundations Project (P174461) BASIC INFORMATION A. Basic Project Data OPS TABLE Country Project ID Parent Project ID (if any) Project Name Djibouti P174461 Djibouti Digital Foundations Project (P174461) Region Estimated Appraisal Date Estimated Board Date Practice Area (Lead) MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH Mar 15, 2021 May 27, 2021 Digital Development AFRICA Financing Instrument Borrower(s) Implementing Agency Investment Project Financing MEFIP -- Ministère de ANSIE -- Angence Nationale l’Economie et des Finances, des Systemes de Chargé de Industrie et de la d'Information de l'Etat, Planfication Ministry of Communications, Posts and ICTs (MCPT) / Ministere de Communication, charge des Postes et Proposed Development Objective(s) The project development objective is to assist the Government in creating a favorable environment for the introduction of competition and private sector investment, and to promote the adoption of digital skills and services. PROJECT FINANCING DATA (US$, Millions) SUMMARY-NewFin1 Total Project Cost 10.00 Total Financing 10.00 of which IBRD/IDA 10.00 Financing Gap 0.00 DETAILS-NewFinEnh1 World Bank Group Financing International Development Association (IDA) 10.00 IDA Credit 10.00 Oct 05, 2020 Page 2 of 22 The World Bank Djibouti Digital Foundations Project (P174461) Environmental and Social Risk Classification Concept Review Decision Moderate Track I-The review did authorize the preparation to continue Other Decision (as needed) Country Context 1.
    [Show full text]
  • African Studies Programme
    African Studies Programme Dalarna University, Master’s Thesis The case of People’s Republic of China penetration and foreign policy developments in Djibouti State: the logistic and commercial sectors Author: Annachiara Antinelli Supervisor: Jenny Åberg Examiner: External Examiner: Subject/main field of study: African Studies Course code: AS3013 Credits: Date of examination: 11/06/2019 At Dalarna University it is possible to publish the student thesis in full text in DiVA. The publishing is open access, which means the work will be freely accessible to read and download on the internet. This will significantly increase the dissemination and visibility of the student thesis. Open access is becoming the standard route for spreading scientific and academic information on the internet. Dalarna University recommends that both researchers as well as students publish their work open access. I give my/we give our consent for full text publishing (freely accessible on the internet, open access): Yes ☒ No ☐ Dalarna University – SE-791 88 Falun – Phone +4623-77 80 00 1 Table of content 1. Introduction 3 1.1. Definition 5 1.2. Restriction 6 1.3. State of Research 9 1.4. Theoretical framework 13 1.5. Source Materials and Method 23 1.5.1. Materials 25 2. Background 28 2.1. China in Africa before the Belt and Road Initiative 28 2.2. The Belt and Road Initiative 31 2.3. Djibouti 33 3. Djibouti case study 39 3.1. Chinese investments and penetration in Djibouti: current scenario 39 3.2. Chinese investments and penetration in Djibouti: changes 45 3.3. Reflection on theoretical frame 51 3.4.
    [Show full text]