ASEAN Matters for America 2019

ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA MATTERS FOR ASEAN

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · VIETNAM · BRUNEI · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · VIETNAM

LAOS · BRUNEI · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · VIETNAM · BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND ·

BRUNEI · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · VIETNAM · BRUNEI · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · VIETNAM

BRUNEI · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · VIETNAM · BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · VIETNAM

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · UNITED STATES · VIETNAM · BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES ·

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · UNITED STATES · VIETNAM · BRUNEI · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE ·

AsiaMattersforAmerica.org/ASEAN 1 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA

Asia Matters Asia Matters

Cheok Kay Nathalie Chun, Caleb Darger, Rivvy Chun, Caleb Darger, Nathalie Cheok Kay Monica Chritton, Marc Mealy, Ambassador Michael Michalak, Michael Ambassador Mealy, Marc Monica Chritton, Caitlin Brophy Kathleen Lunardi initiative, this publication, the one-page connections summaries connections the one-page this publication, initiative, Alexander C. Feldman Alexander Satu Limaye, Ph.D. Satu Limaye, WEST CENTER IN WASHINGTON CENTER IN WEST - ASEAN BUSINESS COUNCIL BUSINESS ASEAN - Sarah Wang Sarah US Director: Coordinator: Contributors: Wester Hai Pham, Shay Center © 2019 East-West Copyright ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA/ MATTERS ASEAN FOR ASEAN MATTERS AMERICA business, diplomacy, employment, investment, maps the trade, project This the between connections and people-to-people tourism, education, security, Asian of the Association of Southeast and the 10 member states States United the of Part local levels. and at the national, state, (ASEAN) Nations America for for resources are website and the AsiaMattersforAmerica.org states, for relationship. and dynamic US-ASEAN the robust understanding AsiaMattersforAmerica.org/ASEAN Team Project EAST Director: Coordinator: & Content: Research Mascariñas, Brian Kim, Karen Caitlin Huynh, Seol Hong, Eisenberg, Valente, Peter Tokola, Sullivan, Ross Matthew Park, Jesse McKenzie, Alex has been the premier has been the premier (formerly Institute of Southeast Asian Institute (formerly promotes better relations and understanding among among and understanding relations better promotes US-ASEAN Business Council US-ASEAN ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute ISEAS - Yusof East-West Center East-West economic environment. The Institute’s research programmes are grouped grouped are programmes research Institute’s The environment. economic and Political Strategic Studies (RES), Regional Economic under Regional Studies (RSCS). The Social and Cultural Studies (RSPS), and Regional (ASC), the Nalanda- Studies Centre the ASEAN is also home to Institute APEC Study Centre. (NSC) and the Singapore Centre Sriwijaya Indonesia; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Manila, Philippines; and Singapore. Malaysia; Lumpur, Indonesia; Kuala The in 1968. established It is a regional organization Studies) is an autonomous and economic the study of socio-political, security, to dedicated centre and in Southeast Asia and its wider geostrategic and developments trends major companies. The Council's membership generates over $6 trillion $6 trillion over generates Council's membership The major companies. Members than 13 million people globally. more and employs in revenue and range business in ASEAN, conducting US companies include the largest in been working that have companies to the region to newcomers from Washington, in: Council has offices The 100 years. over Southeast Asia for Jakarta, Hanoi, Vietnam; Thailand; Bangkok, NY; York, DC; New critical issues of common concern, bringing people together to exchange exchange to together bringing people concern, critical issues of common policy options. and develop build expertise, views, the 35 years, For over within the dynamic operating US corporations for organization advocacy 160 over (ASEAN), representing Asian Nations Association of Southeast The The through the Pacific Asia, and States, United and nations of the the people the US Congress dialogue. Established by and research, study, cooperative on and analysis information for as a resource serves the Center in 1960,

ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA 2 3 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA HIGHLIGHTS Highlights Highlights

ASEAN IN PROFILE JOBS With 650 Million People, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) All 50 US States Export to ASEAN, Supporting over Half a Million US Jobs has the World's 3rd Largest Population and a GDP of $2.8 Trillion In four US states – Wyoming, Oregon, Idaho, and Maine – ASEAN accounts for more than By combining their collective efforts and influence, ASEAN member states have been 20% of export-dependent jobs to the Indo-Pacific, and trade with ASEAN creates over a able to help shape Indo-Pacific economic, political, and security trends and discussions. quarter of a million combined jobs in California, Texas, Washington, New York, and Illinois.

ASEAN ECONOMY INVESTMENT ASEAN is Currently the 3rd Largest Economy in the Indo-Pacific and the ASEAN is the Number One Destination for US Investment in the Indo-Pacific 5th Largest in the World To date ASEAN has received almost $329 billion in investment from the United States, more ASEAN is the 3rd fastest-growing major Indo-Pacific economy in the past decade, after than the United States has directed to China, India, Japan, and South Korea combined. China and India. As a critical hub for global trade, over $3.4 trillion in global trade transits through the ASEAN region each year. INFRASTRUCTURE ASEAN has Over $2 Trillion Worth of Infrastructure Investment Opportunities ASEAN GROWTH PROJECTIONS Investment in road, rail, port, airport, power, water, and telecommunications infrastructure ASEAN's Economy is Projected to Grow by over 5.5% per Year and Become the across ASEAN is needed to achieve projected high levels of economic growth. 4th Largest Economy in the World by 2050 This projected growth is supported by favorable demographics. Over 380 million people DIGITAL ECONOMY are under age 35 in ASEAN (58% of the population), roughly 20% larger than the entire ASEAN's Digital Economy is Projected to Exceed $240 Billion by 2025 population of the United States. The middle class in ASEAN is expected to more than With 914 million active mobile connections, almost 1.5 times its population, ASEAN is the double in size to 334 million by 2030. world's fastest-growing internet market.

THE UNITED STATES AND ASEAN STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP TRAVEL AND TOURISM ASEAN Member States are Key Diplomatic, Economic, and Security Partners ASEAN Visitors add $5 Billion to the US Economy Annually for the United States Nearly 1.2 million people from ASEAN member states visit the United States, and over The United States and ASEAN elevated their relationship into a strategic partnership 4 million Americans visit ASEAN. in 2015, and in 2017 celebrated 40 years as dialogue partners. The United States participates in the ASEAN-led East Asia Summit (EAS), ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE ASEAN Defense Ministers Meeting-Plus (ADMM-Plus), and consultations during the ASEAN Students Contribute over $2 Billion to the US Economy ASEAN Economic Ministers (AEM) Meetings. Almost 60,000 students from ASEAN study in the United States, and nearly 7,000 US students study in ASEAN member states. TRADE Annual United States Exports in Goods and Services to ASEAN Total over ASEAN AMERICAN POPULATION $105 Billion 35% of 21 Million Asian Americans Identify with an ASEAN Ethnicity ASEAN as a whole ranks 4th after Canada, Mexico, and China as a goods export market Over 7 million Americans identify with an ASEAN ethnicity – Filipino and Vietnamese for the United States, and the United States is the 4th largest trading partner for ASEAN. are the largest groups, with populations of 3.9 million and 2 million respectively. The US exports to ASEAN are up almost 60% and total trade has increased almost 30% over Philippines and Vietnam are among the top five recipients of remittances from the United the past decade. States after Mexico, China, and India.

AGRICULTURE SISTER PARTNERSHIPS ASEAN is a Top Five Destination for US Food and Agricultural Exports 91 Sister Relationships Between the United States and ASEAN Build ASEAN is 4th largest global importer of US agricultural goods, and the 2nd largest importer of People-to-People and Commercial Connections US agricultural products in the Indo-Pacific after China. Seven ASEAN member states link to 22 US states through 68 sister cities and 23 sister state or sister county connections. NORTH KOREA 4 5

ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA SOUTH ASEAN IN PROFILE With 650 Million People, the Association ASEAN IS AT THE CENTER OF A DYNAMICKOREA INDO-PACIFIC REGION CHINA East China Sea NEPAL JAPAN of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has BHUTAN INDIA rd BANGLADESH the 3 Largest Population in the World and TAIWAN MYANMAR LAOS a GDP of $2.8 Trillion INDIA VIETNAM Philippine Sea The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a 10-member regional bloc THAILAND with a combined GDP of $2.8 trillion, a population of 650 million, and a land mass Bay of Bengal South China Sea CAMBODIA covering more than 1.7 million square miles (larger than the land area of India). PHILIPPINES Founded in 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, SRI Pacic Ocean ASEAN has since expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and LANKA Malacca Strait Vietnam. ASEAN’s community-building effort comprises three pillars: the Political- BRUNEI

Security Community; Economic Community; and Socio-Cultural Community. MALAYSIA

ASEAN holds semiannual ASEAN Summits and numerous ministerial and working- SINGAPORE level meetings in support of its community-building objectives. ASEAN seeks to promote economic growth and regional stability among its Indian Ocean INDONESIA PAPUA NEW GUINEA members through consultation, consensus, and cooperation based on the Treaty Sunda Strait of Amity and Cooperation (TAC) to which 35 countries and the European Union TIMOR-LESTE Lombok Strait (EU) have acceded. By combining their efforts and influence, ASEAN member AUSTRALIA states have been able to help shape Indo-Pacific economic, political, and security trends and discussions by convening key Indo-Pacific countries to discuss political MALAYSIA SINGAPORE Capital: Kuala Lumpur Capital: Singapore and security issues at an annual East Asia Summit (EAS) and other fora. Population: 32.4 million Population: 5.6 million Member Since: 1967 Member Since: 1967 ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN) Malaysia is the United States' 2nd largest trading Singapore was the first US bilateral free trade ASEAN Secretariat: Jakarta, Indonesia partner in ASEAN. partner in the Indo-Pacific and in 2015 the Population: 650 million two countries signed an enhanced Defense Chair rotates annually among member states. Cooperation Agreement. The ASEAN Community was realized on December 31, 2015. ASEAN.org MYANMAR THAILAND BRUNEI INDONESIA Capital: Nay Pyi Taw Capital: Bangkok Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan Capital: Jakarta Population: 52.8 million Population: 69.1 million Population: 434 thousand Population: 265.3 million Member Since: 1997 Member Since: 1967 Member Since: 1984 Member Since: 1967 The United States restored full diplomatic Thailand is the oldest US treaty partner in the US-Brunei treaty relations have been active Indonesia, the world’s 4th most populous relations with Myanmar in 2012 and removed all Indo-Pacific, dating from 1833. since 1850. country, and the United States upgraded their sanctions in 2016. relations to a “strategic partnership” in 2015. PHILIPPINES VIETNAM CAMBODIA LAOS Capital: Manila Capital: Hanoi Capital: Phnom Penh Capital: Vientiane Population: 107 million Population: 94.6 million Population: 16.3 million Population: 6.7 million Member Since: 1967 Member Since: 1995 Member Since: 1999 Member Since: 1997 The largest Filipino diaspora is in the United Since 1995, US trade with Vietnam grew 230-fold The United States is the largest purchaser of In 2016, then President Barack Obama became States and remittances from the United States to $58 billion. US-Vietnam security cooperation Cambodia's exports, including over $2 billion the first sitting US President to visit Laos. to the Philippines are valued at $11 billion. has enhanced steadily including high-level in apparel. defense visits, military sales, and exchanges.

Source Population: International Monetary Fund (IMF) World Economic Outlook, 2018 data. Numbers rounded throughout publication. All monetary values are in US$ unless otherwise noted. Additional Sources: World Bank, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), References to the European Union (EU) includes all 28 member states as of 2018. Whenever possible, most CIA World Fact Book, US Department of State recent available data is used. For the most up-to-date data please visit AsiaMattersForAmerica.org/ASEAN 6 7 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA ASEAN ECONOMY ASEAN is Currently the 3rd Largest Economy GDP COMPARISONS in the Indo-Pacific and the th5 Largest in

the World SOUTH KOREA $1.5t The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), formed in 2015, has a combined GDP of JAPAN rd $2.8 trillion, and is also the 3 fastest-growing major Indo-Pacific economy in the past CHINA $4.9t decade, after China and India. As a critical hub for global trade, over $3.4 trillion in $12t global trade transits through the ASEAN region each year. The AEC seeks to reduce or remove trade barriers to facilitate the free movement of goods,

services, capital, and skilled labor within the region. A single customs window, known as INDIA TAIWAN the ASEAN Single Window, is near completion with support from the United States, while $2.6t $573b regional agreements to facilitate the movement of ASEAN member states' nationals are also being developed. ASEAN currently has five regional free trade agreements (FTAs) with Australia and New Zealand, China, Japan, South Korea, and India. Singapore is the only ASEAN member state to conclude FTAs with both the United States and EU.

ASEAN REAL GDP GROWTH* $2.8t ASEAN’s GDP compared to other Indo-Pacific economies from 2008 to 2017 150% 129% 120% 90% 87% 60% 50% 35% 30% 21% 16% 15% Philippines Malaysia Japan EU $314b $312b 0% Singapore Vietnam China India ASEAN South Taiwan US Australia $220b -30% Korea $324b -15% -21% PER CAPITA GDP Thailand Myanmar $67b Myanmar $1,278 $455b Cambodia $1,379 Cambodia Vietnam $2,353 $22b AUSTRALIA Indonesia $1.4t Laos $2,541 $1t Laos Philippines $2,989 $17b Indonesia $3,876 Thailand $6,591 Brunei Malaysia $9,755 $12b Brunei $28,278 Singapore $57,713 United States $59,792 0 10000$10k 20000$20k 30000$30k 40000$40k 50000$50k 60000$60k LEGEND: b - Billions t - Trillions *Real GDP growth was calculated in constant US$ using World Bank methodology. For further information on our methodology please visit AsiaMattersforAmerica.org/sources-and-methodology NOTE: Global GDP rankings include the EU as a single entity Source: International Monetary Fund World Economic Outlook (October 2018), 2017 data 8 9 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA ASEAN GROWTH PROJECTIONS ASEAN's Economy is Projected to Grow GLOBAL MIDDLE CLASS* th 1,168m by over 5.5% per Year and Become the 4 1,200m 1,041m LEGEND Largest Economy in the World by 2050 1,000m 2010 Solid 2030 Stripe With a projected annual growth rate of over 5.5% per year, ASEAN is forecast 800m to overtake the EU and Japan to become the 4th largest economy in the world by 2050, behind China, India, and the United States. 600m 466m458m 334m This projected growth is supported by favorable demographics. Over 400m 380 million people are under age 35 in ASEAN (58% of the population), 233m roughly 20% larger than the entire population of the United States. 158m 208m 200m 123m 108m ASEAN also has the world’s 3rd largest labor force, trailing only China 91m 63m 21m 24m 43m 46m 22m 18m and India. ASEAN's middle class* is expected to more than double in 0 size from 135 million (24% of ASEAN's population) to 334 million (51% ASEAN Australia China EU India Japan South Taiwan US Korea of the population) by 2030. Sustainable urbanization is a key part of this demographic growth, and it is estimated that nearly 70% of ASEAN’s population will live in urban areas by 2050. PROJECTED GDP AND URBANIZATION GROWTH

PROJECTED ANNUAL GDP GROWTH RATE 30% Cambodia Average annual GDP growth (%) 29% 144% Vietnam 27% 145% 25% Laos 8% Thailand 26% 154% 19% 77% 7% India 20% Japan 6% 7.6 % Indonesia Myanmar 0.6 % 15% 96% 5% 18% 202% 15% Philippines 4% 11% 149% 3% 10% Brunei 2% European Union China 5% 58% Malaysia 1.8 % 1% 6 % Urbanization Growth 5% Singapore 8% 111% 0% 48% 0% 0% 50% 100% 150% 200% 250%

United States GDP Growth 1.8 % ASEAN 5.5 % Urbanization Growth GDP Growth

*Middle class is defined as those households with daily expenditures between US$10 and US$100 per person in purchasing power parity terms. Taiwan South Korea 2.1 % Source Projected GDP Growth: International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2017-2023 2.7 % Source Middle Class: Homi Kharas, “The Emerging Middle Class in Developing Countries,” OECD Working Papers, No. 285 Australia Source GDP and Urbanization Growth: International Monetary Fund and UN World Urbanization 2.7 % Prospectus, 2019-2033 data Additional Sources: PwC, International Labor Organization, World Bank 11 THE UNITED STATES AND ASEAN STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP 10 24 PHILIPPINES Number of Visits from US Number of Visits from US Number of Visits to

8 20 INDONESIA 1 BRUNEI 5 7 15 VIETNAM MALAYSIA 3 15 1 8 CAMBODIA 10 1 LAOS 18 7 THAILAND 2 4 MYANMAR HEADS OF STATE VISITS* STATE OF HEADS and States United the to leaders ASEAN by Visits Official of number Total US presidents visits by return *Only officially recognized heads of state/government are counted. are state/government of heads recognized officially *Only of the Historian Office State, of Department Map: US State of Heads Source ASEAN to Mission US State, of Department US Sources: Additional 25 4 SINGAPORE Photo: ASEAN ASEAN Secretariat Photo: Summit in Singapore Vice President Mike Pence with the heads of the 10 ASEAN member states at the ASEAN-US ASEAN-US at the member states ASEAN the 10 of with the heads Pence Mike President Vice domain awareness through the Indo-Pacific Maritime Security Initiative that provides both that provides Maritime Security Initiative the Indo-Pacific through domain awareness has also helped provide States United The activities. and cooperative equipment, training, the US Agency from million people, and grants 5.6 over to drinking water clean to access lands and of forest 64 million acres protected (USAID) have Development International for the size of Oregon. roughly an area – areas coastal America’s first FTA in the Indo-Pacific. FTA first America’s around organized initiative economic is a strategic Connect framework US-ASEAN The support to regional is Its goal and policy. innovation, business, energy, pillars: four Community (AEC) and build upon the positive efforts ASEAN Economic of the integration and ASEAN. States the United ties between economic on maritime security and member states with ASEAN is also working States United The counter-terrorism to disaster management, governance, anti-trafficking, and nuclear non- anti-trafficking, governance, management, disaster to counter-terrorism security activities discuss and coordinate and ASEAN States United The proliferation. Meeting- Ministers Forum (ARF) and ASEAN Defense the ASEAN Regional through and Trade with the US-ASEAN formalized were ties Plus (ADMM-Plus). Economic (USTR) Representative US Trade in 2006. The (TIFA) Agreement Framework Investment (AEM) Ministers during the ASEAN Economic in annual consultations also participates was in 2004, force into which went Agreement, Trade Free US-Singapore Meetings. The first non-ASEAN country to establish a resident ambassador and permanent mission to the and permanent mission resident ambassador country a to establish non-ASEAN first and began to joined the East Asia Summit (EAS) in 2011, States United The organization. raised was relationship the US-ASEAN Summits in 2012. In 2015, hold annual ASEAN-US Summit in the US-ASEAN leader-level and in 2016 the first partnership, a strategic to the United In 2017, California. in Rancho Mirage, was held at Sunnylands States United partners. as dialogue 40 years celebrated and ASEAN States maritime security and ranging from efforts on and ASEAN coordinate States United The Economic, and Security Partners for the Partners and Security Economic, States United The significantly. expanded began in 1977 and has since relationship US-ASEAN The in 2009 and was the (TAC) of Amity and Cooperation signed the Treaty States United ASEAN Member States are Key Diplomatic, Diplomatic, Key are States Member ASEAN

10 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA 13 THE UNITED STATES AND ASEAN STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP

m $66 $70

$56m m $60 Agreement Cooperation Cooperation

UNITED STATES UNITED STATES

AND SINGAPORE Enhanced Defense Defense Enhanced

m $50

m $40

Alliance

m $30 Thailand Vietnam AND THAILAND Major non-NATO Major non-NATO UNITED STATES UNITED STATES

$15m m

$20

m $10 $3m

$2m $1m $1m $700k $0 Alliance Philippines Singapore HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AND AND ASSISTANCE HUMANITARIAN RELIEF DISASTER Major non-NATO Major non-NATO UNITED STATES UNITED STATES Laos AND PHILIPPINES US-ASEAN SECURITY ALLIES ALLIES SECURITY US-ASEAN AND PARTNERS Vietnam Thailand Malaysia Myanmar Indonesia Cambodia Philippines Indonesia Malaysia Brunei Cambodia LEGEND Khaan Quest Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Readiness Afloat Cooperation (CARAT) Training (RIMPAC) Rim of the Pacific Gold Cobra and Southeast Asia Cooperation (SEACAT) Training The US military participates in multilateral and bilateral military exercises military exercises bilateral and US militaryThe in multilateral participates disasters natural to is vulnerable As ASEAN ASEAN member states. with eight to the US military and tsunami, earthquakes, such as typhoons, has contributed missions in the region, (HADR) Relief and Disaster Assistance Humanitarian sector. private as the well as US government the across with support from MULTILATERAL EXERCISE EXERCISE MULTILATERAL IN ASEAN PARTNERS US & ASEAN 7

or more 0 - 1 2 - 3 4 - 5 6 PHILIPPINES LEGEND

7 INDONESIA 3 BRUNEI 3 8 VIETNAM MALAYSIA 4 0 CAMBODIA LAOS 6 THAILAND 0

MYANMAR 7 SINGAPORE Source Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief: US Agency for International Development Development International for Agency US Relief: and Disaster Assistance Humanitarian Source data FY2007-2017 Assistance, Disaster Foreign of Office (USAID), Strength Military US of Index Foundation, Heritage Sources: Additional Sources Military Exercises: US Indo-Pacific Command, US Navy; US Army, Pacific; US Marine Corps Corps US Marine Pacific; Army, US US Navy; Command, Indo-Pacific US Exercises: Military Sources Pacific Forces, member states Meeting-Plus (ADMM-Plus). The US government has worked to increase increase to has worked US government The (ADMM-Plus). Meeting-Plus Asia Maritime Law the Southeast in ASEAN through maritime security capacity Initiative. Maritime Security and the Indo-Pacific Initiative Enforcement EXERCISES MAJOR MILITARY and ASEAN States the United involving and biennial exercises Annual over $3.4 trillion in trade passing through the disputed waters of the South China of the South waters the disputed through passing in trade trillion $3.4 over is a priority maritime security billion in US trade, including $208 year, Sea each regional has supported States United The ASEAN. and States United both the for and workshops, trainings, through awareness and security to increase efforts Forum (ARF), the Regional of the ASEAN within the frameworks consultations Ministers Defense Forum (EAMF), and the ASEAN Expanded ASEAN Maritime SECURITY COOPERATION SECURITY the sea lanes straddling position critical geographic as a is positioned ASEAN With to the east. Ocean and the Pacific the west to Ocean the Indian between

12 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA 15 TRADE b China $130 b $78 ASEAN $68b Japan $48b Korea South b $26 Taiwan b India $26 $25b Australia b b 2017 $4b & Management Services Consulting $3.4 Processes Industrial b $2.7 Installation, & Maintenance, Equipment of Repair b $2.5 Other Services $12b Testing R&D & Services $6.4 Travel 3% 2% 3% 4% 2016 6% 2% 2% 11% 23% 2015 6% 2014 6% 19% 2013 8% 9% 2012 b b b COMPOSITION OF US GOODS & OF US GOODS & COMPOSITION ASEAN TO EXPORTS SERVICES $6b $6.6 $9.8 b $8.3 $20.7 b $24.2 2011 Products Products Electronic Electronic Chemicals Machinery Equipment Agricultural Other Goods Computers & Computers Transportation Transportation 2010 m $268 2009 m m m b $2.9 $375 or less $193 or more $920 b $2.7 2008 $1.1b m $314 m $289 D US EXPORTS TO THE INDO-PACIFIC TO US EXPORTS $300 million million - 1 billion $301 $1.1 - 2 billion $2.1 - 4 billion billion $4.1 $0 GEN $177 billion to $227 billion in a decade. ASEAN's surplus in goods with in goods ASEAN's surplus in a decade. $227 billion to $177 billion while the US surplus in services $91 billion, with totaled States the United billion. $10 ASEAN totaled The total value of US-ASEAN bilateral trade has increased 28%, from 28%, from has increased trade bilateral of US-ASEAN value total The $30b $90b $60b E b $120 b $150 L NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW VERMONT DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA OF DISTRICT MASSACHUSETTS RHODE ISLAND CONNECTICUT JERSEY NEW DELAWARE MARYLAND MAINE m $324 TRADE b NEW $4.8 YORK b $1.8 $2.2b VIRGINIA $2.3b b $1.4

m b $2.7 PENNSYLVANIA N CAROLINA

b WEST $243 S CAROLINA VIRGINIA FLORIDA $3.5 b $2.5 GEORGIA OHIO b $1.8 b $1.7 m $813 KENTUCKY b $2.5 MICHIGAN b $1.4 largest trading trading largest INDIANA ALABAMA th TENNESSEE b Pennsylvania has trade has trade Pennsylvania both in representatives Indonesia and Singapore. $4.5 $612m ILLINOIS

$1.1b MISSISSIPPI b $2.8 LOUISIANA WISCONSIN Alabama is the largest US Alabama is the largest Brunei. to goods of exporter $322m $995m ARKANSAS MISSOURI IOWA m $650 $2.3b largest largest rd MINNESOTA m $578 $1.1b OKLAHOMA m KANSAS b $15.3 TEXAS m $467 $167 m $303 Indonesia is 3 Wyoming's partner. trading goods NEBRASKA m SOUTH DAKOTA SOUTH NORTH DAKOTA NORTH after Canada, Mexico, and China as a goods exportgoods China as a and Mexico, Canada, after $272 HAWAI‘I th b $1.5 $255m COLORADO m $290m WYOMING NEW MEXICO NEW $179 MONTANA UTAH m $949 m $2.1b ARIZONA $784 IDAHO over $17 billion in exports. over California is the largest US is the largest California ASEAN with to exporter b GOODS AND SERVICES EXPORTS TO ASEAN TO EXPORTS GOODS AND SERVICES Source US Map and Pie Chart: Estimated by the Trade Partnership (Washington, DC), 2017 data 2017 DC), (Washington, Partnership Trade the by Map and Pie Chart: Estimated US Source (BEA) Analysis Economic of and Bureau (ITA) Administration Trade International Line Chart: US Source NOTE: Services data not available for Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar. Laos, Cambodia, for not available data Services NOTE: states each export over $1 billion in goods and services to ASEAN, including ASEAN, and services billion in goods to $1 over export each states ASEAN. $15 billion to over export which both and Texas, California to ASEAN Total over $105 Billion $105 over Total to ASEAN 4 a whole ranks ASEAN as is the 4 States and the United States, United the for market and $31 billion in goods $75 exported States United The partner ASEAN. for US Twenty-six a decade. over of 59% an increase ASEAN, billion in services to Annual US Exports in Goods Exports US Annual Services and $584m $5.9 NEVADA b b m $244 $5.6 WASHINGTON ALASKA OREGON $17.4 CALIFORNIA

14 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA 16 17 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA AGRICULTURE ASEAN is a Top Five Destination for US Food and Agricultural Exports

The United States exports $13 billion in food and agricultural goods to The top agricultural exports from ASEAN to the United States include ASEAN, including over $400 million in tree nuts and $700 million in dairy soybean oil ($2.4 billion), forestry products ($1.8 billion), and tree nuts products. ASEAN is 4th largest global importer of US agricultural goods, ($1.3 billion). ASEAN is also the top global rubber and palm oil exporter, and the 2nd largest importer of US food and agricultural products in the responsible for 75% and 85% of global production, respectively. Indo-Pacific after China. Thirty states export over $100 million in food and agricultural goods to ASEAN, with California, Washington, Illinois, and COMPOSITION OF ASEAN FOOD AND Texas as the top four exporters. AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS TO ASEAN Agri Other Soybean Oil & $2.7b Other Oilseed WASHINGTON Soft Drinks 19% $2.4b $1.2b 22% MAINE $369m Forestry Products MONTANA NORTH DAKOTA $8.3m $1.8b $105.7m MINNESOTA Spices & Extracts $252.9m $267.4m $425m Tree Nuts OREGON 3% $125m NEW NEW HAMPSHIRE $0.2m Milled Rice & 14% $1.3b WISCONSIN 3% IDAHO YORK VERMONT $3m By-Products Seafood Products, $101.8m $126.4m $111m 4% SOUTH DAKOTA MASSACHUSETTS $20.5m $460m $105m MICHIGAN Prepared, Canned WYOMING $184.5m RHODE ISLAND $0.1m 4% & Packaged $1.7m Chocolate & 10% PENNSYLVANIA CONNECTICUT $9.6m IOWA Confectionary from 7% $1.3b $93.2m NEW JERSEY $121.7m NEBRASKA $229.9m OHIO Cacao Beans Other Noncitrus NEVADA $264.6m $326.4m DELAWARE $15.8m 7% 10% INDIANA $455m Fruits $61.7m UTAH ILLINOIS WEST MARYLAND $25.2m $155.4m $934m $173.3m $897.1m VIRGINIA Fruits & Vegetables COLORADO DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA $0 $0.8m Preserved $133.9m KANSAS VIRGINIA MISSOURI KENTUCKY $149.7m $826m CALIFORNIA $382.7m $136.9m $55.6m $1.7b N CAROLINA TENNESSEE $205.7m SELECTED STORIES: US AGRIBUSINESS SUPPORTS $324.9m OKLAHOMA S CAROLINA ARIZONA $121.8m ARKANSAS $134.8m $63.9m NEW MEXICO $94.7m DEVELOPMENT IN ASEAN $25m MISSISSIPPI GEORGIA CARGILL ADM $223.2m ALABAMA $480.4m $49.9m Cargill's 155,000 employees across 70 Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM) is a TEXAS countries, including over 40,000 in ASEAN, leading agricultural processor and food ingredient $1.3b LOUISIANA FLORIDA $441.8m $37.9m work relentlessly to achieve their purpose of provider with 40,000 employees around the ALASKA $0.1m nourishing the world in a safe, responsible world. ADM's Asia and Pacific Rim trading and and sustainable way. Every day Cargill sales operations are headquartered in Singapore, HAWAI‘I LEGEND connects farmers with markets, customers and serve emerging markets in Indonesia, $4.6m $10 million or less with ingredients, and people and animals Philippines, Vietnam, and Thailand. A key part $ 11 - 100 million with the food they need to thrive. They of ADM's Asia strategy is its strategic ownership $101 - 200 million combine 153 years of experience with new interest in Wilmar International Limited, Asia's $201 - 500 million technologies and insights to serve as a premiere agricultural processing business. ADM's $501 million or more trusted partner for their food, agriculture, key businesses in Southeast Asia include: food and financial and industrial customers. beverage ingredients, agricultural commodities Source US Map: Estimated by the Trade Partnership (Washington, DC), 2017 data using NAICS codes 111, 112, 311 and animal nutrition products. Source Pie Chart: US Census Bureau, 2017 data using NAICS codes 111, 112, 1132, 311, 3121 Additional Sources: US Department of Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 18 19 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA JOBS All 50 US States Export to ASEAN, Supporting over Half a Million US Jobs

Almost 42,000 companies across the United States export to ASEAN. These In per capita terms, trade with the 10 ASEAN member states creates the most goods and services exports support, directly or indirectly, about 590,000 jobs for Oregon, followed by Washington, North Dakota, Texas, and the US jobs. Nineteen states have more than 10,000 jobs that rely on exports to District of Columbia. Trade with ASEAN creates over a quarter of a million ASEAN member states. In four US states – Wyoming, Oregon, Idaho, and combined jobs in California, Texas, Washington, New York, and Illinois. Maine – ASEAN accounts for more than 20% of export-dependent jobs to the Indo-Pacific. TOP 10 STATES ASEAN AS A SHARE OF INDO-PACIFIC JOBS SUPPORTED BY EXPORTS TO ASEAN TRADE EXPORT-DEPENDENT JOBS 1 Wyoming 34% WASHINGTON 2 Oregon 30% 30,679 MONTANA MAINE 3 Idaho 28% NORTH DAKOTA 1,653 1,542 MINNESOTA 2,872 13,307 4 Maine 22% OREGON 27,793 NEW NEW HAMPSHIRE 2,166 5 Montana 19% WISCONSIN IDAHO YORK VERMONT 1,447 4,290 6,535 28,550 6 Vermont 18% SOUTH DAKOTA MASSACHUSETTS 16,284 1,451 MICHIGAN WYOMING 10,136 RHODE ISLAND 1,060 7 Minnesota 17% 1,282 PENNSYLVANIA CONNECTICUT 5,065 IOWA 8 North Dakota 17% 12,527 13,915 NEBRASKA 4,352 NEW JERSEY NEVADA 3,756 OHIO DELAWARE 1,661 9 Kansas 16% 15,192 3,895 UTAH ILLINOIS INDIANA MARYLAND 6,451 7,863 WEST 10 Washington 15% 5,228 22,278 COLORADO VIRGINIA DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 1,811 1,292 8,769 KANSAS VIRGINIA MISSOURI KENTUCKY 11,065 CALIFORNIA 7,291 6,432 9,138 95,037 N CAROLINA TENNESSEE 13,301 OKLAHOMA 14,690 ARIZONA 3,803 S CAROLINA ARKANSAS 11,464 NEW MEXICO 8,592 1,470 2,247 MISSISSIPPI GEORGIA 4,316 ALABAMA 20,321 4,491 TEXAS 74,295 LOUISIANA FLORIDA 10,801 16,291 ALASKA 907

HAWAI‘I LEGEND 1,154 2,000 or fewer 2,001 - 5,000 5,001 - 10,000 10,001 - 20,000 20,001 or more Deputy US Trade Representative Jeffrey Gerrish and ASEAN Economic Ministers at the AEM-USTR Consultations in Singapore Source: Estimated by the Trade Partnership (Washington, DC), 2017 data Photo: US-ASEAN Business Council 21 INVESTMENT Total Two-Way Investment Two-Way Total in Position Investment Direct US the Indo-Pacic in the Position Investment Direct the Indo-Pacic from US NEW ZEALAND $12b m $164 JAPAN $129b b $469 LEGEND 103% Union European b b 105% b Non-EU Europe and Central Asia AUSTRALIA $169 $67 TAIWAN $17 $8b

149% SOUTH KOREA $42b $52b (Less Americas United States) 150% (Less ASEAN) Indo-Pacic HONG KONG $81b $11b 157% ASEAN $329b $28b Middle East CHINA b $108 $40b 183% Africa 278% b ASEAN INCREASE OF INVESTMENT INCREASE OF INVESTMENT STATES THE UNITED INTO US-ASEAN DIRECT INVESTMENT POSITION IN A REGIONAL CONTEXT A REGIONAL IN POSITION INVESTMENT DIRECT US-ASEAN 0 INDIA $44b $10 50% 150% 100% 250% 200% 300%

b $169 Australia $129b Japan b China $108 India $44b $42b Korea South b $17 Taiwan ASEAN $329b ASEAN Taiwan $8b Taiwan b $67 Australia b $52 Korea South China $40b $28b ASEAN b India $10 b $469 Japan 2017 2017

2016 2016 2015 2015 2014 2014 2013 2013 2012 2012 2011 2011 2010 2010 2009 2009 Global Financial Crisis Global Global Financial Crisis Global 2008 2008 2007 2007 2006 2006 *Data for China does not include the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong or Taiwan Taiwan or Hong Kong of Region Administrative not include the Special China does for *Data Basis, on a Historical-Cost Position Investment (BEA) Direct Analysis Economic of Bureau US Source: data 2017 States, more than the United States has directed to China*, India, Japan, and South China*, India, Japan, to has directed States than the United more States, an average by increased in ASEAN has investment US direct combined. Korea of US one third over for accounts now and 10% in the past decade, of annual rate date. to Indo-Pacific the into investment US Investment in the Indo-Pacific Indo-Pacific in the US Investment by States United the into investment their increased have states ASEAN member growing fastest is the $27 billion. Singapore over to billion $7.3 250%, from over the Indo-Pacific. from States in the United investor the United from billion in investment almost $329 ASEAN has received date To ASEAN is the Number One Destination for Destination One Number the is ASEAN INDO-PACIFIC DIRECT INVESTMENT POSITION POSITION INVESTMENT DIRECT INDO-PACIFIC IN THE UNITED STATES US DIRECT INVESTMENT POSITION IN THE INDO-PACIFIC POSITION INVESTMENT US DIRECT $0 $0 $50b b $150 b $100 b $100 $250b $350b b $200 $500b $300b $400b b $200 $300b

20 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA 22 23 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA INVESTMENT US COMPANIES INVESTING IN ASEAN SELECTED STORIES: US COMPANIES OPERATING IN ASEAN Over 4,200 US companies operate in ASEAN, including nearly 70% of the 124 US multinational enterprises (MNEs) listed in the Global Fortune 500. COCA-COLA MSD Many of these companies use ASEAN as a production platform to export The Coca-Cola Company's heritage in MSD, a leading global biopharmaceutical within the region and to other parts of the world, leveraging ASEAN’s free ASEAN dates back more than 100 years company, has been inventing for life trade agreements with many other Indo-Pacific countries. US companies in from its early days distributing one brand, for over 125 years, bringing forward ASEAN, many of whom operate in multiple ASEAN member states, create to today where it proudly operates as a medicines and vaccines for many of significant business linkages involving local suppliers and contractors in total beverage company that manufactures the world's most challenging diseases. the region. across the region. For the reasons outlined MSD conducts business in the ASEAN in this publication, ASEAN remains a region and examples are the regional According to the ASEAN Business Outlook Survey, 80% of US companies top growth opportunity for its business. headquarters and a translational medicine expect that their trade and investment in ASEAN will increase over the The Coca-Cola Company looks forward research center located in Singapore, a coming years. Survey respondents were very supportive of the ASEAN to continue investing in the region and regional packaging facility in Indonesia Economic Community (AEC) that was initiated in 2015, with over 90% contributing to sustainable development and the regional finance function in indicating that ASEAN markets are central to their companies’ future through initiatives including improving Malaysia. Through their presence recycling and reducing packaging waste, in ASEAN, the innovative solutions investment plans. providing access to clean drinking water that they provide and their efforts in for communities and economically biomedical research, MSD is committed empowering women. to improving the lives of the patients in US COMPANIES IN ASEAN MEMBER STATES* the ASEAN region.

MYANMAR CITI CHEVRON 21 LAOS With a presence in ASEAN since 1902, Chevron maintains a presence in eight 10 VIETNAM Citi runs consumer and institutional ASEAN member states and provides THAILAND 309 banking operations serving over 4 the energy to support economic growth 644 million customers in Indonesia, Malaysia, in this dynamic region of the world. CAMBODIA Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Chevron is one of the largest international LEGEND 33 PHILIPPINES Vietnam. The region also hosts a number oil companies in the region in terms 100 or fewer 513 101 - 700 of strategically important regional and of reserves and resources, where the 701 or more global business hubs for multiple Citi company has had a presence for around

BRUNEI businesses, as well as a number of state-of- a century. The company is the leading Coca-Cola 21 the-art processing hubs and data centers natural gas producer in Thailand, one of MSD Citi MALAYSIA serving more than 90 countries around the largest oil producers in Indonesia, 784 Chevron the world. and has interests in refinery operations in Singapore and Thailand.

SINGAPORE INDONESIA 1,782 489 *Companies indicate US parent companies with subsidiaries in ASEAN member states as recognized by Uniworld. For more information on our methodology, please visit AsiaMattersforAmerica.org/sources- and-methodology Source Map: Uniworld Business Publications (accessed February 2019) Additional Sources: ASEAN Business Outlook Survey 2018, US Chamber of Commerce; Fortune; Indian Ocean individual corporations 25 INFRASTRUCTURE b $531 Water $283b Telecommunications Power b $540 Roads b $536 24% 24% 13% 24% 10% 2% 3% $44b $60b Ports b $233 NEEDS BY SECTOR NEEDS BY ESTIMATED INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT INVESTMENT INFRASTRUCTURE ESTIMATED Airports Railways ASEAN Connect framework's Energy Connect pillar, which has pledged to to pledged which has pillar, Connect Energy framework's ASEAN Connect of grid-connected the supply to increase effort in ASEAN in a five-year invest of grid-tied at least 500 megawatts includes investment This energy. renewable of Cambodia, countries River Mekong in the lower generation energy renewable International States the United Additionally, and Vietnam. Thailand, Laos, part (USIDFC), established as of the Corporation Finance Development (BUILD Act), Act Development to Leading of Investment Utilization Better to projects infrastructure including and other assistance technical can provide economies. in Indo-Pacific development advance US initiatives to support infrastructure investment in ASEAN include the US- in ASEAN include investment support infrastructure to US initiatives PHILIPPINES $280b INFRASTRUCTURE b $767 INDONESIA no data BRUNEI b $317 b VIETNAM $277 MALAYSIA $29b b CAMBODIA $20 LAOS b $310 THAILAND $96b MYANMAR b $133 SINGAPORE or less or more - 300 billion billion - 200 D $100 billion $100 $101 $201 billion $301 GEN E L Source: McKinsey Global Institute (“Rule of Thumb” Need Estimation based based Need Estimation Thumb” of (“Rule Institute Global McKinsey Source: projection 2016-2030 level), stock on 71% all sectors via government aid and public-private partnerships. aid and public-private via government all sectors Infrastructure Investment Opportunities Investment Infrastructure $2 trillion in over the need for forecasts Institute Global McKinsey The and telecommunications water, port, airport, rail, power, road, in investment and China, Japan, growth. maintain economic ASEAN to across infrastructure across projects major infrastructure funding for pledged have States the United ASEAN has Over $2 Trillion Worth of Worth $2 Trillion Over has ASEAN ESTIMATE FOR INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT NEEDS INVESTMENT FOR INFRASTRUCTURE ESTIMATE

24 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA 26 27 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA ASEAN's Digital Economy is Projected to DIGITAL ECONOMY Exceed $240 Billion by 2025

ASEAN has a predominantly mobile digital space with over 90% of especially stand to benefit from increased connectivity, access to digital internet users connected via smartphones. With 914 million active mobile tools, and rising online consumer demand. To harness this potential, the US connections, almost 1.5 times its population, ASEAN is the world's government and businesses have provided support to over 120,000 ASEAN fastest-growing internet market. A youthful and increasingly middle class entrepreneurs since 2011, including through the US-ASEAN Business population, along with the growth in reliable mobile connections and Alliance for Competitive SMEs and the online ASEAN SME Academy. affordable smartphones, is further driving the region’s digital economy and making it one of the world's largest social media markets. ONLINE SHOPPERS AS A PERCENTAGE OF INTERNET With digitization comes increased opportunities for both ASEAN and USERS IN ASEAN US businesses to reach new customers and suppliers. Online spending is 2018 2025 expected to rise more than threefold to $240 billion by 2025, fueled by ride- hailing apps, e-commerce, online media, and increased intra-regional travel. E-commerce in ASEAN alone is expected to grow by 32% to over $88 billion in the next decade. ASEAN small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) 34% LEGEND 51% 49% Online Shoppers 66% Non-Shopping Internet Users INTERNET PENETRATION AND MOBILE SUBSCRIPTIONS IN ASEAN Mobile penetration outpaces traditional internet access across the region

150% SELECTED STORIES: BUILDING ENTREPRENEURIAL EXPERTISE Mobile Telephone Subscriptions 126% 120% US companies have supported digital literacy to empower SMEs to access new technologies 90% to conduct cross border trade. The US-ASEAN Individuals Using the Internet Business Council has conducted more than 60% 54% 45 SME workshops, empowering over 6,700 entrepreneurs across all 10 ASEAN nations. 30% The Council's ASEAN SME Academy offers 0% free online courses, provided by the world's 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 best companies to over 4,500 users. US companies leading the Council's SME program include UPS, which has provided SMEs with Source Internet Penetration: International Telecommunications Union (ITU) tools to enter global supply chains; Facebook, Source Online Shoppers: e-Conomy SEA 2017 and 2018 (Data limited to Indonesia, Malaysia, with courses on building sales through online Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) marketing; and Cisco, with online training on Additional Sources: US-ASEAN Business Council/Deloitte study “Advancing the ASEAN Economic Community: The Digital Economy and the Free Flow of Data” digital transformation for SMEs in Industry Photo: US-ASEAN Business Council 4.0 era. 28 29 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA TRAVEL AND TOURISM ASEAN Visitors add $5 Billion to the US VISITORS FROM ASEAN TO THE UNITED STATES Philippines 486k

Economy Annually Singapore 161k

Nearly 1.2 million people from ASEAN member states visit the United Indonesia 145k

States, and over 4 million Americans visit ASEAN. Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam 135k Vietnam, and Singapore are the top destinations in ASEAN, with over 3 million annual visitors from the United States combined. US airlines serve Thailand 125k

cities in all four of these countries. Malaysia 101k

Visitors from ASEAN member states contribute over $800 million to Myanmar 12k California’s economy, as well as $502 million to New York's, $400 million Cambodia 6k to Florida's, and $338 million to Texas's. Laos 3k VISITORS FROM THE UNITED STATES TO ASEANTRAVEL & TOURISM Brunei 1k There are more than 1,000 direct flights 0 50k 100k 150k 200k 250k 300k 350k 400k 450k 500k between the Philippines MYANMAR 73k and California each year. LAOS TOP 10 STATES 39k VIETNAM The United States is the THAILAND 614k ASEAN VISITOR SPENDING largest source of tourists to 1.1m 1 California $833m Manila Myanmar outside of Asia. New York $502m Bangkok CAMBODIA 2 257k PHILIPPINES 3 Florida $400m Ho Chi Minh City 958k 4 Texas $338m 5 Massachusetts $209m Thailand has the most 6 Illinois $192m US visitors of any BRUNEI 4k ASEAN member state. 7 Nevada $158m 8 Pennsylvania $145m MALAYSIA 198k 9 Washington $128m 10 North Carolina $112m

INDONESIA LEGEND SINGAPORE Jakarta 345k 100,000 or fewer 565k 100,001 - 400,000

400,001 - 900,000 Source Visitors from US: Cambodia Ministry of Tourism, Statistics Indonesia, Lao Tourism 900,001 Development Department, Tourism Malaysia, Myanmar Ministry of Hotels & Tourism, Philippines or more Department of Tourism, Singapore Tourism Board, Thai Ministry of Tourism & Sports, Vietnam Regular ights operated by US National Administration of Tourism, UN World Tourism Organization, 2017 data carriers, including code shares Source Visitor Spending: Estimated by the Trade Partnership (Washington, DC), 2017 data Source Visitors from ASEAN to the US: US Department of Homeland Security, 2017 data 30 31 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE ASEAN Students Contribute over $2 Billion to the US Economy

Almost 60,000 students from ASEAN study in the United States, Nearly 7,000 US students study in ASEAN member states, an increase of comprising 5% of all international students. Over 24,000 students come 44% over a decade. Thailand, Singapore, and Vietnam are the most popular from Vietnam, the most of any ASEAN member state and the 6th largest destinations for study abroad, with over 70% of US students in ASEAN amount from any country globally. The top US destination for ASEAN studying in these three countries. students is California, where eight universities have Southeast Asia studies programs, followed by Texas, Washington, and New York. TOP 10 STATES ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OFEDUCATIONAL ASEAN STUDENTS EXCHANGE ASEAN STUDENTS AS A SHARE OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS x 2 WASHINGTON 1 Washington 16% $148.7m MONTANA MAINE 2 Hawaiʻi 12% NORTH DAKOTA $3.6m $2m MINNESOTA $1.3m $34.8m x 2 3 Oregon 10% OREGON x 1 $45.6m NEW NEW HAMPSHIRE $6.6m x 1 4 Nebraska 10% IDAHO WISCONSIN YORK x 1 VERMONT $3.8m $3m $26m $179.7m SOUTH DAKOTA MASSACHUSETTS $173.9m x 1 5 Iowa 10% $1.2m MICHIGAN WYOMING $45.5m RHODE ISLAND $14.4m 6 Maine 7% $0.8m x 1 CONNECTICUT $16m IOWA x 1 PENNSYLVANIA x 1 7 Texa s 7% NEBRASKA NEW JERSEY $18.7m $42m x 1 $93.4m NEVADA $17.4m x 1 OHIO DELAWARE $0.9m 8 Minnesota 7% INDIANA $40.9m $4.2m UTAH ILLINOIS MARYLAND $28.4m $51.4m WEST California 7% $9.1m $65.4m x 2 9 COLORADO VIRGINIA DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA $19.6m x 8 $30.1m KANSAS $4.6m VIRGINIA 10 Colorado 7% MISSOURI $36.5m $12.3m KENTUCKY CALIFORNIA $22m $7.6m $484.1m N CAROLINA x 1 TENNESSEE $17.9m $10.3m ARIZONA OKLAHOMA $20.2m $18.5m S CAROLINA NEW MEXICO ARKANSAS $6m US STUDENTS STUDYING ABROAD IN ASEAN $3.5m $7.1m Number of students from US colleges and universities who enrolled in MISSISSIPPI GEORGIA $2.6m ALABAMA $33.5m study abroad programs in ASEAN member states $12m TEXAS $163.3m LOUISIANA FLORIDA Thailand 2,763 $12.8m $46.8m ALASKA Singapore 1,165 $0.3m Vietnam 1,147 x 1 LEGEND Indonesia 555 HAWAI‘I $5 million or less $13.8m 466 $5.1 - 15 million Cambodia $15.1 - 30 million Philippines 464 $30.1 - 100 million Malaysia 310 $100.1 million or more Myanmar 68 Schools with Southeast Asia studies programs Laos 23 Source Economic Contribution: Institute of International Education (IIE) Open Doors report, 2017/18 Brunei 0 academic year data; NAFSA: Association of International Educators, 2017/18 academic year data; 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 individual university websites Source Top 10: IIE Open Doors report, 2017/18 academic year data Source US Students: IIE Open Doors report, 2016/17 academic year data 32 33 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE FULBRIGHT PROGRAM THE YOUNG SOUTHEAST ASIAN LEADERS INITIATIVE (YSEALI) Over 650 students, teachers, and scholars participate in Fulbright Established in 2014, YSEALI is a program focused on strengthening leadership exchanges between the United States and ASEAN. Participants from all development in ASEAN. More than 140,000 young people, ages 18-35, have 10 ASEAN member states take part in the program. Since the program’s joined the program, and over 160,000 are following YSEALI on social media founding in 1949, over 12,000 students, teachers, and scholars from platforms. Through YSEALI, the US government has engaged over 50,000 ASEAN have participated, including over 3,300 from Indonesia and ASEAN youth through regional workshops and exchanges, professional and over 2,500 from the Philippines. Since 1949 there have been over 5,500 academic fellowships at universities, businesses, and non-profits in the United American Fulbright participants, with the greatest number engaged in States, and community-focused grants in order to develop local ties between the the Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand programs. United States and ASEAN.

FULBRIGHT PARTICIPANTS SINCE 1949 YSEALI PARTICIPATION BY COUNTRY Cambodia 7% Brunei 56 LEGEND 21 From ASEAN Malaysia Myanmar From US 6% Cambodia 527 10% 193 Laos Indonesia 3,306 Thailand 2% 1,149 13% Singapore Laos 362 139 1% 1,054 Malaysia Brunei 1,105 Philippines Indonesia 1% 18% 23% Myanmar 740 225 Philippines 2,525 905 Vietnam 19% Singapore 383 260

Thailand 1,939 980 Vietnam 1,245 593

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500

Source Fulbright: US Department of State, Bureau of Education and Cultural Affairs, 1949-2017 Source YSEALI: US Department of State, US Mission to ASEAN (as of February 2019) YSEALI - EWC Environmental Leadership Institutes participants visiting Kualoa in Oahu, Hawai�i

Photo: East-West Center 34 35 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA ASEAN AMERICAN POPULATION 35% of 21 Million Asian Americans Identify TOP 10 STATES US POPULATION GROWTH

SHARE OF US POPULATION Burmese 44% with an ASEAN Ethnicity WHO IDENTIFY WITH AN ASEAN ETHNICITY Thai 15% Of the estimated 21 million Asian Americans in the United States, 7.4 1 Hawai�i 27% Hmong 9% million identify with an ASEAN ethnicity. Filipino and Vietnamese are the 2 California 7% Filipino 9% largest groups, with populations of 3.9 million and 2 million, respectively. 3 Nevada 6% Vietnamese Hawaiʻi, California, Nevada, Alaska, and Washington have the highest 4 Alaska 6% 8% percentage of populations who identify with an ASEAN ethnicity. 5 Washington 4% Indonesian 5% 6 Minnesota 3% -1% Laotian Immigrants from ASEAN member states account for over 10% of all 7 Virginia 3% naturalizations in the United States, and 29% of naturalizations by Asians. 8 Oregon 2% -1% Cambodian Remittances – funds that immigrants send to individuals in their home 9 Maryland 2% -21% Malaysian countries – represent a major financial flow between the United States and 10 New Jersey 2% ASEAN. The Philippines and Vietnam are among the top five recipients of -30%-20% -10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% remittances from the United States after Mexico, China, and India. In Rhode Island, 15% US REMITTANCES TO ASEAN ASEAN AMERICANASEAN POPULATION AMERICANS BY STATE and immigrationof Asian Americans US share of each member state's total remittances by country Over 78,000 Hmong identify as Cambodian, 60% (formerly from Laos) live in the largest percentage in 56% WASHINGTON Minnesota, the largest Asian the country. 307,846 population in the state. MONTANA MAINE 50% NORTH DAKOTA 9,166 5,677 MINNESOTA 4,765 173,238 OREGON 94,100 NEW NEW HAMPSHIRE 11,700 WISCONSIN IDAHO YORK VERMONT 3,010 40% 14,038 93,232 234,782 SOUTH DAKOTA MASSACHUSETTS 123,347 7,507 MICHIGAN 34% WYOMING 79,653 RHODE ISLAND 18,130 4,107 PENNSYLVANIA CONNECTICUT 41,238 28% IOWA 123,809 175,290 30% NEBRASKA 38,014 NEW JERSEY NEVADA 22,690 OHIO DELAWARE 9,474 INDIANA 71,228 187,758 UTAH ILLINOIS MARYLAND 119,338 21% 53,267 WEST 19% 36,846 219,032 COLORADO VIRGINIA DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 7,891 20% 5,974 80,762 KANSAS VIRGINIA MISSOURI KENTUCKY 207,221 CALIFORNIA 44,548 50,548 25,900 LEGEND 2,778,007 N CAROLINA 5% 113,783 10% TENNESSEE 20,000 OKLAHOMA 48,302 or fewer ARIZONA 48,569 S CAROLINA 4% ARKANSAS 3% 116,273 NEW MEXICO 37,110 20,001 - 50,000 18,251 23,647 MISSISSIPPI GEORGIA 50,001 - 100,000 0% 15,674 ALABAMA 129,279 TEXAS 27,190 100,001 - 200,000 540,234 Laos LOUISIANA FLORIDA 200,001 or more 270,935 Vietnam Thailand MyanmarMalaysia HAWAI‘I 53,754 Philippines Cambodia Indonesia ALASKA 389,334 43,603 Source Population: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey (ACS), 2017 Burmese, Louisiana’s Vietnamese Cambodian, Filipino, Hmong, Indonesian, Laotian, Malaysian, Thai, and Vietnamese alone or in combination 5-year estimates population makes up Nearly 70% of Asian Source Growth: US Census Bureau, ACS 2013-17 data 36% of the state’s Asian Source Remittances: World Bank Bilateral Remittances Matrix, 2017 data Americans in Alaska identify American population. Additional Sources: US Department of Homeland Security, 2017 data with an ASEAN ethnicity. 37 SISTER PARTNERSHIPS Bogor, ID Bogor, Medan, ID Medan, ASEAN Bauang, PH Bauang, Bandung, ID Bandung, Da Nang, VN Da Nang, Surabaya, ID Surabaya, Beaufort, MY Beaufort, Olongapo, PH Olongapo, Cebu City, PH City, Cebu Hai Phong, VN Hai Phong, Udonthani, TH Udonthani, Davao City, PH City, Davao Quezon City, PH City, Quezon Legazpi City, PH City, Legazpi Phnom Penh, KH Phnom Penh, KH Phnom Penh, Sihanoukville, KH Sihanoukville, Sorsogon City, PH City, Sorsogon Quang Tri Town, VN Town, Tri Quang Cagayan de Oro, PH Oro, de Cagayan State of Terengganu, MY Terengganu, of State Ninh Thuan Province, VN Ninh Thuan Province, PH City, Santos General 64 The Philippines has Philippines The city the most sister with relationships of States the United member all ASEAN at 64. states PHILIPPINES State of Iowa of State Maryland of State MA Lowell, MI Heights, Sterling MI Heights, Sterling MO Louis, St. NV Reno, NJ City, Jersey NM Fire, Angel NC Beaufort, PA Pittsburgh, TN Cleveland, TX Worth, Fort VA Norfolk, VA Beach, Virginia WA Lakewood, WA Seattle, WA Seattle, WA Seattle, WA Seattle, WA Tacoma, WI Kenosha, WI Milwaukee, US Hue, VN Hue, Vigan, PH Vigan, Santa, PH Santa, Sarrat, PH Sarrat, Badoc, PH Badoc, Manila, PH Manila, PH Manila, ASEAN Baguio, PH Baguio, 6 Cabugao, PH Cabugao, Vientiane, LA Vientiane, Bangued, PH Bangued, Urdaneta, PH Urdaneta, Cebu City, PH City, Cebu Laoag City, PH City, Laoag Davao City, PH City, Davao Ormoc City, PH City, Ormoc Quezon City, PH City, Quezon Candon City, PH Candon City, 0 Bacarra City, PH City, Bacarra Mandaluyong, PH Mandaluyong, INDONESIA BRUNEI Puerto Princesa, PH Princesa, Puerto Santa & San Juan, PH Juan, & San Santa Zambales Province, PH Province, Zambales 9 3 VIETNAM 5 MALAYSIA i County, HI i County, ʻ CAMBODIA 1 3 LAOS Hawai HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI County, Kauai HI County, Kauai HI County, Kauai HI County, Kauai HI Maui County, HI Maui County, HI Maui County, HI Maui County, HI Maui County, HI Maui County, HI Maui County, HI Maui County, HI Maui County, IL Elgin, US THAILAND 0 Hue, VN Hue, MYANMAR Iloilo, PH Iloilo, Naga, PH Naga, Pasay, PH Manila, PH Manila, ASEAN Baguio, PH Baguio, Baybay, PH Baybay, Sariaya, PH Sariaya, Bangkok, TH Bangkok, Calamba, PH Calamba, San Juan, PH Juan, San Pasig City, PH City, Pasig Chiang Rai, TH Chiang Rai, Cavite City, PH City, Cavite Quezon City, PH City, Quezon Battambang, KH Battambang, Bali Province, PH Province, Bali Cebu Province, PH Province, Cebu Isabela Province, PH Province, Isabela Ho Chi Minh City, VN Ho Chi Minh City, 0 Pangasinan Province, PH Province, Pangasinan Ilocos Sur Province, PH Sur Province, Ilocos Ilocos Norte Province, PH Province, Norte Ilocos SINGAPORE i i i i i i ʻ ʻ ʻ ʻ ʻ ʻ D or more 0 1 - 3 4 - 6 7 - 10 11 GEN E L ASEAN SISTER RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE UNITED STATES THE UNITED WITH RELATIONSHIPS SISTER ASEAN State of Hawai of State Hawai of State Hawai of State Washington, DC Washington, FL Beach, Walton Fort Hawai of State Hawai of State Hawai of State Walnut, CA Walnut, CT Haven, New San Francisco, CA Francisco, San CA Francisco, San CA Leandro, San CA Barbara, Santa CA Clarita, Santa CA Francisco, San South CA Stockton, CA Stockton, CA City, Union CA City, Union CA City, Union CA Vallejo, US CA Diego, San Sources: Sister Cities International, 2018 data; individual sister city associations city individual sister data; 2018 International, Cities Sister Sources: Palo, PH Palo, Pasay, PH Roxas, PH Roxas, Manila, PH Manila, Makati, PH Makati, ASEAN Can Tho, VN Can Tho, Da Nang, VN Da Nang, Cebu City, PH City, Cebu D or more Dagupan City, PH City, Dagupan 0 1 2-3 4-9 10 GEN E NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW VERMONT DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA OF DISTRICT MASSACHUSETTS RHODE ISLAND CONNECTICUT JERSEY NEW DELAWARE MARYLAND L MAINE NEW YORK VIRGINIA US CA Angeles, Los CA Milpitas, CA Oakland, CA Alto, Palo CA Riverside, CA Sacramento, CA Sacramento, CA Salinas, CA Bernardino, San a sister city relationship with city relationship a sister Beaufort, Malaysia. Beaufort, North Carolina enjoys enjoys Carolina Beaufort, North N CAROLINA PENNSYLVANIA S CAROLINA WEST VIRGINIA FLORIDA SISTER CITIES OHIO GEORGIA KENTUCKY MICHIGAN Jakarta, ID Jakarta, Munoz, PH Munoz, ASEAN INDIANA ALABAMA Bacolod, PH Bacolod, TENNESSEE Los Banos, PH Banos, Los Phnom Penh, KH Phnom Penh, ILLINOIS MISSISSIPPI LOUISIANA WISCONSIN ARKANSAS MISSOURI IOWA MINNESOTA OKLAHOMA KANSAS TEXAS NEBRASKA LEGEND - LA; - ID; Laos Cambodia - KH; Indonesia TH; Thailand - - PH; Philippines - MY; Malaysia Vietnam - VN Long Beach, CA Beach, Long CA Angeles, Los US Davis, CA Davis, CA CA Beach, Long Elgin, Illinois is the only US city with relationship a sister share to a city in Laos. SOUTH DAKOTA SOUTH NORTH DAKOTA NORTH HAWAI‘I COLORADO WYOMING NEW MEXICO NEW ASEAN Bolinao, PH Bolinao, MONTANA Camiling, PH Camiling, Cebu City, PH City, Cebu La Carlota, PH La Carlota, Parañaque, PH Parañaque, Dumaguete, PH Dumaguete, UTAH Uma-Bawang, MY Uma-Bawang, ARIZONA IDAHO Yogyakarta Province, ID

US SISTER RELATIONSHIPS WITH ASEAN RELATIONSHIPS US SISTER personal, commercial, and cultural initiatives. Seven ASEAN member states link to link to states ASEAN member Seven initiatives. and cultural commercial, personal, connections. county and 14 sister state, 9 sister city, 68 sister through 23 US states States and ASEAN Build People-to-People and ASEAN States Connections and Commercial and provinces, counties, cities, local partnerships between are relationships Sister and support communities build ties between These with similar jurisdictions. states 91 Sister Relationships between the United the between Relationships 91 Sister NEVADA WASHINGTON ALASKA OREGON CALIFORNIA Chula Vista, CA Chula Vista, Carson, CA Carson, CA Carson, Alameda, CA CA Alameda, CA Berkeley, State of California of State Mobile, AL AL Mobile, AK Juneau, US ASEAN of any US city, county, or county, US city, ASEAN of any relationships. with nine sister state Maui County in Hawai'i has County in Hawai'i Maui in relationships the most sister

36 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA 38 39 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA

ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA MATTERS FOR ASEAN

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AsiaMattersforAmerica.org

AsiaMattersforAmerica.org/ASEAN

1 JAPAN JAPAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA MATTERS FOR KOREA AMERICA MATTERS FOR KOREA JAPAN 見取図の米相互依存日 PUBLICATION DESIGN AND ILLUSTRATION 日米相互 TOP SHELF DESIGN 依存の Washington, DC 見取図 www.topshelfdesign.net

AsiaMattersforAmerica.org/Korea AsiaMattersforAmerica.org/Japan THE ASIA MATTERS FOR AMERICA INITIATIVE Asia Matters for America/America Matters for Asia is an interactive resource for credible and nonpartisan information, graphics, analysis, and news on US-Indo-Pacific relations at the national, state, and local levels.

AsiaMattersforAmerica.org

AsiaMattersforAmerica.org/Australia 40 41 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA NOTES NOTES ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA/AMERICA MATTERS FOR ASEAN US-ASEAN Business Council members contributed toward this initiative.

This project explores the important and multi-faceted relationship between the United States and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Part of the Asia Matters for America initiative, this publication and its corresponding website AsiaMattersforAmerica.org/ASEAN provide tools for a global audience to explore the increasing significance of the US-ASEAN relationship in the 21st century.

Asia Matters for America is an ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute is located initiative of the East-West Center in in Singapore and can be contacted at: Washington and can be contacted at:

Asia Matters for America ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute East-West Center in Washington 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace 1819 L Street, NW, Suite 600 Singapore 119614 Washington, DC 20036 USA Tel: (+65)6778.0955 Tel: (+1)202.293.3995 ISEAS.edu.sg Fax: (+1)202.293.1402 [email protected] The US-ASEAN Business Council headquarters is in Washington, DC The East-West Center headquarters and can be contacted at: is in Honolulu, Hawai‘i: US-ASEAN Business Council East-West Center 1101 17th Street, NW, Suite 411 1601 East-West Road Washington, DC 20036 USA Honolulu, HI 96848 USA Tel: (+1)202.289.1911 Main Telephone: (+1)808.944.7111 USASEAN.org EastWestCenter.org