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Violaceae) from Korea Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 51(2): 166−170 (2021) pISSN 1225-8318 eISSN 2466-1546 https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.2.166 Korean Journal of SHORT COMMUNICATION Plant Taxonomy A new record of Viola inconspicua (Violaceae) from Korea Kyeonghee KIM†, Jung-Hyun KIM†, Soon Yeol KO1, Kang-Hyup LEE2 and Jin-Seok KIM3* Plant Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Korea 1Department of Agriculture, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea 2Division of Forest Biodiversity, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon 11186, Korea 3Current address: Geumsugangsan, Uijeongbu 11625, Korea (Received 19 April 2021; Revised 6 May 2021; Accepted 10 May 2021) ABSTRACT: Distribution of Viola inconspicua is newly discovered in Korea. This species was collected from grassy fields and roadsides in Jeju-si and Seogwipo-si, Jejudo Island. V. inconspicua shares several character- istics (i.e., purple or pale purple flowers, triangular leaf blades, winged petioles, and a linear-lanceolate stipules) with the related species V. mandshurica and V. yedoensis. However, V. inconspicua can be easily distinguished from other species by the following characteristics: leaf base (cordate vs. truncate to attenuate), and spur (short, 2–4 mm long vs. longer, 5–8 mm long). Here, we describe and illustrate of V. inconspicua. In addition, the iden- tification key to allied species, photographs in its habitat, distribution, ecology, and phenology are provided as well. The Korean name for the species is given as ‘Hwa-sal-ip-je-bi-kkot’, considering the shape of its leaves. Keywords: Viola inconspicua, Violaceae, unrecorded species Viola L. comprises approximately 600 species which are Vaginatae, series Campylostylae, Rostratae, Verecundae, distributed in temperate regions and tropical high mountain Raddeanae, Pinnatae, Chinensis, Variegatae, and Patellares). regions worldwide (Clausen, 1964; Ballard, 1996; Ballard et Viola inconspicua Blume, which belongs to sect. Nomimium, al., 1999; Yoo and Jang, 2010; Wahlert et al., 2014). Viola is is distributed in China, Japan and Southeast Asia including the largest genus among ca. 22 genera in the family Violaceae, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, and Vietnam and is distinct from the other genera by its herbaceous habit (Chen et al., 2007). This species was first recorded by Blume and bilaterally symmetrical flowers with spur (Wahlert et al., (1825) from China and Java Island. Viola inconspicua is 2014). Becker (1925) recognized 14 sections, 28 subsections, distinct from the other species of the genus Viola by having and seven series based on the ultrastructure of pistil (Yoo and narrowly triangular-lanceolate leaf blade, cordate leaf base, Jang, 2010). Later, many authors made taxonomic revisions to stipules ca. 3/4 adnate to petiole with serrate or sparsely entire Becker’s classification system (Clausen, 1927, 1929, 1931, margins and acute apex, relatively short (2–4 mm long) spur, 1964; Gershoy, 1934). However, the infra-generic classification globose ovary, and oblong capsule. The distribution of V. of the genus Viola is still controversial and is considered to be inconspicua in Korea have been newly media reported by needed more detail studies (Ballard, 1996; Fan et al., 2015). National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) before in In Korea, 42–64 taxa which belong to three sections are 2011 and assigned Korean name as Gin-kko-ri- je-bi-kkot (긴 distributed; these are sects. Dischidium Rchb., Chamaemelanium 꼬리제비꽃), but the formal report with accurate nomenclature Ging., and Nomimium Ging. (Chung, 1959; Lee, 1969, 2003, and full description of the species with detailed information of Park, 1974; Kim, 1986; Yoo and Jang, 2010; Kim et al. 2019; distributions has not been made. Lee and Yoo, 2020). In sect. Nomimium, Kim (1986) recognized During a plant diversity field survey on Jejudo Island, an six subsections and eight series (subsects. Bilobatae, unrecorded species, Viola inconspicua was confirmed in the Hypocarpae, Patellares, Plagiostigma, Trigonocarpae, and abandoned fields and roadsides in Jejudo Island, South Korea. †These authors contributed equally to this work. *Author for correspondence: [email protected] http://e-kjpt.org, © 2021 the Korean Society of Plant Taxonomists. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 166 A new record of Viola inconspicua from Korea 167 Here, we present its specific morphological description, 1922; V. betonicifolia Sm. var. oblongosagittata (Nakai) F. illustrations, a taxonomic key to allied species as well as the Maek. & T. Hashim. J. Jap. Bot. 43: 162, 1968.—TYPE: Japan, photographs of its habit. Hachijyo, Nakanogō, without date, M. Ogata s.n. (syntype, not located); insula Hahajima et Chichijima, without date, S. Taxonomic Treatment Nishimura s.n. (syntype, not located). Viola hunanensis Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 376, pl. 10, f. Viola inconspicua Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 58, 1825 2-3, 1931.—TYPE: China, Hunan, “In der str. St. bei (Figs. 1, 2).—TYPE: Indonesia, Java, 1822, C. G. C. Reinwardt Tschangscha auf Sandstein, an feuchten Rasenplätzen se der Stadt,” 1621 (holotype, L!−L0011491 (photo, https://plants.jstor.org/ 100 m, 30 Mar 1918, H. R. E. Handel-Mazzetti 11553 (holotype, search)). WU!−WU0029300 (photo, https://herbarium.univie.ac.at/database/ Viola confusa Champ. ex Benth., Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. search.php)). Misc. 3: 260, 1851.—TYPE: Hong Kong, without date, Viola mandshurica W. Becker subsp. nagasakiensis W. collector? 352 (holotype, K!−K000254176 (photo, https:// Becker, Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt. 2 40: 161, 1923; V. confusa specimens.kew.org/herbarium)). subsp. nagasakiensis (W. Becker) F. Maek. & T. Hashim., J. Jap. Viola chinensis G. Don, Gen. Hist. 1: 322, 1831.—TYPE: Bot. 43: 161, 1968.—TYPE: Japan, Nagasaki, 1862, R. Oldham not cited. 59 (holotype, K!−K000254242 (photo, https://specimens.kew.org/ Viola patrinii var. minor Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 6: 50, herbarium); isotype, GH!−GH00067197 (photo, https:// 1892; V. minor (Makino) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo). 26: 151, huh.harvard.edu/pages/digital-resources)). 1912.—TYPE: Japan, Kochi, Sakawa, 1885 & 1889?, T. Viola primulifolia Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 513, 1790, not L. Makino s.n. (syntype, MAK); Ehime, Uwazima, 1896, Z. (1753).—TYPE: not cited. Umemura s.n. (syntype, MAK). Korean name: Hwa-sal-ip-je-bi-kkot (화살잎제비꽃). Viola oblongosagittata Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 36: 37, Fig. 1. Illustrations of Viola inconspicua Blume. A. Flowering plant. B. Flower (frontal view). C. Flower (lateral view). D. Capsule with sepals and bracteoles. E. Petals. F. Sepal. G. Pistil. H. Posterior stamen in abaxial view (left) and adaxial view (right). Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy Vol. 51 No. 2 (2021) 168 Kyeonghee KIM et al. Fig. 2. Photographs of Viola inconspicua Blume. A. Habit. B. Flower (frontal view). C. Flower (lateral view). D. Flower (red arrow indicates stigma). E. Bracteole. F. Androecium with stigma (red arrow indicates stamens). G. Gynoecium (red line indicates pistil). H. Capsule with sepals. I. Leaves at anthesis (adaxial view). J. Leaf at anthesis (abaxial view). K. Leaves at fruiting stage (adaxial view). Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy Vol. 51 No. 2 (2021) A new record of Viola inconspicua from Korea 169 Herbs perennial, 5–20 cm tall, stemless. Roots yellowish- Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. white or light yellowish-brown, elongate, thick. Rhizomes Specimens examined: KOREA. Jejudo: Jeju-si, Hangyeong- erect, short, thick. Stolons absent. Leaves enlarging after myeon, Cheongsu-ri, 33o17′24.9″N, 126o14′51.1″E, 6 Apr 2020, anthesis, petiolate; petiole 1.5–9.5 cm long, narrowly winged Jin-Seok Kim kjs20001, kjs20002, kjs20003, kjs20004, apically, glabrous or rarely shortly pubescent; stipules linear- kjs20005 (KB); 7 Apr 2020, Jin-Seok Kim kjs20006, kjs20007, lanceolate, 0.7–1.2 cm long, margins serrate; blade narrowly kjs20008, kjs20009 (KB); 13 Apr 2020, Jin-Seok Kim kjs20014 triangular-lanceolate at anthesis, narrowly triangular at fruiting, (KB); Yeon-dong, 33o29′03.2″N, 126o29′47.4″E, 7 Apr 2020, 1.5–4 × 0.5–1 cm at anthesis, 3–9 × 1–4 cm at fruiting, apex Jin-Seok Kim kjs20012, kjs20013 (KB); Seogwipo-si, acuminate or acute, base cordate, margins crenate-serrate, Namwon-eup, Harye-ri, 33o17′29.4″N, 126o36′33.9″E, 13 Apr adaxial surface glabrous or sparsely pubescent along veins, 2020, Jin-Seok Kim kjs20015 (KB); Topyeong-dong, 33o17′ abaxial surface glabrous or sparsely pubescent basally. 15.3″N, 126o34′58.6″E, 7 Apr 2020, Jin-Seok Kim kjs20010, Inflorescences scapose, flower solitary; pedicels 2.5–9 cm long, kjs20011 (KB). mostly glabrous, with 2 bracteoles at middle or above middle; VIETNAM. Lamdong: Da lat, 11o53′07″N, 108o27′59″E, 11 bracteoles linear, 3.5–8.5 mm long. Flowers 1–1.5 cm wide; Mar 2015, Du Won Kim and Van Dung Luong, s.n. (KB [2 sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 4–6 mm long, apex acute, sheets]). margins entire, glabrous, appendages short, entire; petals Habitats: Four populations, each containing ca. 100 purple, oblong-ovate, 0.9–1.2 cm long, margins serrate or individuals, are found in open habitat, grassy fields and entire, lateral petals pilose at base, lowest petal whitish basally, roadsides on lowlands. This species was found under the vine distinctly purple-veined; spur cylindrical, slender, 2–4 mm trees, Clematis apiifolia DC. and Paederia foetida L., together long, glabrous; ovary glabrous; style flat at apex, short beaked with other herbaceous plants such as Cerastium fontanum in front; stigma capitate, slightly margined laterally. Capsules Baumg. subsp. hallaisanense (Nakai) J. S. Kim, Sagina oblong, 5–9 mm long, glabrous. Seeds yellowish brown, ovoid- japonica (Sw.) Ohwi, Anagallis arvensis L., Duchesnea indica globose, 1.2–1.5 mm long. (Andr.) Focke, Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray, V.
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