DOCSLIB.ORG

Violaceae) from Korea

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 51(2): 166−170 (2021) pISSN 1225-8318 eISSN 2466-1546 https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.2.166 Korean Journal of SHORT COMMUNICATION Plant Taxonomy A new record of Viola inconspicua (Violaceae) from Korea Kyeonghee KIM†, Jung-Hyun KIM†, Soon Yeol KO1, Kang-Hyup LEE2 and Jin-Seok KIM3* Plant Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Korea 1Department of Agriculture, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea 2Division of Forest Biodiversity, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon 11186, Korea 3Current address: Geumsugangsan, Uijeongbu 11625, Korea (Received 19 April 2021; Revised 6 May 2021; Accepted 10 May 2021) ABSTRACT: Distribution of Viola inconspicua is newly discovered in Korea. This species was collected from grassy fields and roadsides in Jeju-si and Seogwipo-si, Jejudo Island. V. inconspicua shares several character- istics (i.e., purple or pale purple flowers, triangular leaf blades, winged petioles, and a linear-lanceolate stipules) with the related species V. mandshurica and V. yedoensis. However, V. inconspicua can be easily distinguished from other species by the following characteristics: leaf base (cordate vs. truncate to attenuate), and spur (short, 2–4 mm long vs. longer, 5–8 mm long). Here, we describe and illustrate of V. inconspicua. In addition, the iden- tification key to allied species, photographs in its habitat, distribution, ecology, and phenology are provided as well. The Korean name for the species is given as ‘Hwa-sal-ip-je-bi-kkot’, considering the shape of its leaves. Keywords: Viola inconspicua, Violaceae, unrecorded species Viola L. comprises approximately 600 species which are Vaginatae, series Campylostylae, Rostratae, Verecundae, distributed in temperate regions and tropical high mountain Raddeanae, Pinnatae, Chinensis, Variegatae, and Patellares). regions worldwide (Clausen, 1964; Ballard, 1996; Ballard et Viola inconspicua Blume, which belongs to sect. Nomimium, al., 1999; Yoo and Jang, 2010; Wahlert et al., 2014). Viola is is distributed in China, Japan and Southeast Asia including the largest genus among ca. 22 genera in the family Violaceae, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, and Vietnam and is distinct from the other genera by its herbaceous habit (Chen et al., 2007). This species was first recorded by Blume and bilaterally symmetrical flowers with spur (Wahlert et al., (1825) from China and Java Island. Viola inconspicua is 2014). Becker (1925) recognized 14 sections, 28 subsections, distinct from the other species of the genus Viola by having and seven series based on the ultrastructure of pistil (Yoo and narrowly triangular-lanceolate leaf blade, cordate leaf base, Jang, 2010). Later, many authors made taxonomic revisions to stipules ca. 3/4 adnate to petiole with serrate or sparsely entire Becker’s classification system (Clausen, 1927, 1929, 1931, margins and acute apex, relatively short (2–4 mm long) spur, 1964; Gershoy, 1934). However, the infra-generic classification globose ovary, and oblong capsule. The distribution of V. of the genus Viola is still controversial and is considered to be inconspicua in Korea have been newly media reported by needed more detail studies (Ballard, 1996; Fan et al., 2015). National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) before in In Korea, 42–64 taxa which belong to three sections are 2011 and assigned Korean name as Gin-kko-ri- je-bi-kkot (긴 distributed; these are sects. Dischidium Rchb., Chamaemelanium 꼬리제비꽃), but the formal report with accurate nomenclature Ging., and Nomimium Ging. (Chung, 1959; Lee, 1969, 2003, and full description of the species with detailed information of Park, 1974; Kim, 1986; Yoo and Jang, 2010; Kim et al. 2019; distributions has not been made. Lee and Yoo, 2020). In sect. Nomimium, Kim (1986) recognized During a plant diversity field survey on Jejudo Island, an six subsections and eight series (subsects. Bilobatae, unrecorded species, Viola inconspicua was confirmed in the Hypocarpae, Patellares, Plagiostigma, Trigonocarpae, and abandoned fields and roadsides in Jejudo Island, South Korea. †These authors contributed equally to this work. *Author for correspondence: [email protected] http://e-kjpt.org, © 2021 the Korean Society of Plant Taxonomists. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 166 A new record of Viola inconspicua from Korea 167 Here, we present its specific morphological description, 1922; V. betonicifolia Sm. var. oblongosagittata (Nakai) F. illustrations, a taxonomic key to allied species as well as the Maek. & T. Hashim. J. Jap. Bot. 43: 162, 1968.—TYPE: Japan, photographs of its habit. Hachijyo, Nakanogō, without date, M. Ogata s.n. (syntype, not located); insula Hahajima et Chichijima, without date, S. Taxonomic Treatment Nishimura s.n. (syntype, not located). Viola hunanensis Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 376, pl. 10, f. Viola inconspicua Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 58, 1825 2-3, 1931.—TYPE: China, Hunan, “In der str. St. bei (Figs. 1, 2).—TYPE: Indonesia, Java, 1822, C. G. C. Reinwardt Tschangscha auf Sandstein, an feuchten Rasenplätzen se der Stadt,” 1621 (holotype, L!−L0011491 (photo, https://plants.jstor.org/ 100 m, 30 Mar 1918, H. R. E. Handel-Mazzetti 11553 (holotype, search)). WU!−WU0029300 (photo, https://herbarium.univie.ac.at/database/ Viola confusa Champ. ex Benth., Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. search.php)). Misc. 3: 260, 1851.—TYPE: Hong Kong, without date, Viola mandshurica W. Becker subsp. nagasakiensis W. collector? 352 (holotype, K!−K000254176 (photo, https:// Becker, Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt. 2 40: 161, 1923; V. confusa specimens.kew.org/herbarium)). subsp. nagasakiensis (W. Becker) F. Maek. & T. Hashim., J. Jap. Viola chinensis G. Don, Gen. Hist. 1: 322, 1831.—TYPE: Bot. 43: 161, 1968.—TYPE: Japan, Nagasaki, 1862, R. Oldham not cited. 59 (holotype, K!−K000254242 (photo, https://specimens.kew.org/ Viola patrinii var. minor Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 6: 50, herbarium); isotype, GH!−GH00067197 (photo, https:// 1892; V. minor (Makino) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo). 26: 151, huh.harvard.edu/pages/digital-resources)). 1912.—TYPE: Japan, Kochi, Sakawa, 1885 & 1889?, T. Viola primulifolia Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 513, 1790, not L. Makino s.n. (syntype, MAK); Ehime, Uwazima, 1896, Z. (1753).—TYPE: not cited. Umemura s.n. (syntype, MAK). Korean name: Hwa-sal-ip-je-bi-kkot (화살잎제비꽃). Viola oblongosagittata Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 36: 37, Fig. 1. Illustrations of Viola inconspicua Blume. A. Flowering plant. B. Flower (frontal view). C. Flower (lateral view). D. Capsule with sepals and bracteoles. E. Petals. F. Sepal. G. Pistil. H. Posterior stamen in abaxial view (left) and adaxial view (right). Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy Vol. 51 No. 2 (2021) 168 Kyeonghee KIM et al. Fig. 2. Photographs of Viola inconspicua Blume. A. Habit. B. Flower (frontal view). C. Flower (lateral view). D. Flower (red arrow indicates stigma). E. Bracteole. F. Androecium with stigma (red arrow indicates stamens). G. Gynoecium (red line indicates pistil). H. Capsule with sepals. I. Leaves at anthesis (adaxial view). J. Leaf at anthesis (abaxial view). K. Leaves at fruiting stage (adaxial view). Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy Vol. 51 No. 2 (2021) A new record of Viola inconspicua from Korea 169 Herbs perennial, 5–20 cm tall, stemless. Roots yellowish- Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. white or light yellowish-brown, elongate, thick. Rhizomes Specimens examined: KOREA. Jejudo: Jeju-si, Hangyeong- erect, short, thick. Stolons absent. Leaves enlarging after myeon, Cheongsu-ri, 33o17′24.9″N, 126o14′51.1″E, 6 Apr 2020, anthesis, petiolate; petiole 1.5–9.5 cm long, narrowly winged Jin-Seok Kim kjs20001, kjs20002, kjs20003, kjs20004, apically, glabrous or rarely shortly pubescent; stipules linear- kjs20005 (KB); 7 Apr 2020, Jin-Seok Kim kjs20006, kjs20007, lanceolate, 0.7–1.2 cm long, margins serrate; blade narrowly kjs20008, kjs20009 (KB); 13 Apr 2020, Jin-Seok Kim kjs20014 triangular-lanceolate at anthesis, narrowly triangular at fruiting, (KB); Yeon-dong, 33o29′03.2″N, 126o29′47.4″E, 7 Apr 2020, 1.5–4 × 0.5–1 cm at anthesis, 3–9 × 1–4 cm at fruiting, apex Jin-Seok Kim kjs20012, kjs20013 (KB); Seogwipo-si, acuminate or acute, base cordate, margins crenate-serrate, Namwon-eup, Harye-ri, 33o17′29.4″N, 126o36′33.9″E, 13 Apr adaxial surface glabrous or sparsely pubescent along veins, 2020, Jin-Seok Kim kjs20015 (KB); Topyeong-dong, 33o17′ abaxial surface glabrous or sparsely pubescent basally. 15.3″N, 126o34′58.6″E, 7 Apr 2020, Jin-Seok Kim kjs20010, Inflorescences scapose, flower solitary; pedicels 2.5–9 cm long, kjs20011 (KB). mostly glabrous, with 2 bracteoles at middle or above middle; VIETNAM. Lamdong: Da lat, 11o53′07″N, 108o27′59″E, 11 bracteoles linear, 3.5–8.5 mm long. Flowers 1–1.5 cm wide; Mar 2015, Du Won Kim and Van Dung Luong, s.n. (KB [2 sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 4–6 mm long, apex acute, sheets]). margins entire, glabrous, appendages short, entire; petals Habitats: Four populations, each containing ca. 100 purple, oblong-ovate, 0.9–1.2 cm long, margins serrate or individuals, are found in open habitat, grassy fields and entire, lateral petals pilose at base, lowest petal whitish basally, roadsides on lowlands. This species was found under the vine distinctly purple-veined; spur cylindrical, slender, 2–4 mm trees, Clematis apiifolia DC. and Paederia foetida L., together long, glabrous; ovary glabrous; style flat at apex, short beaked with other herbaceous plants such as Cerastium fontanum in front; stigma capitate, slightly margined laterally. Capsules Baumg. subsp. hallaisanense (Nakai) J. S. Kim, Sagina oblong, 5–9 mm long, glabrous. Seeds yellowish brown, ovoid- japonica (Sw.) Ohwi, Anagallis arvensis L., Duchesnea indica globose, 1.2–1.5 mm long. (Andr.) Focke, Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray, V.
Recommended publications
  • Towards an Understanding of the Evolution of Violaceae from an Anatomical and Morphological Perspective Saul Ernesto Hoyos University of Missouri-St

    Towards an Understanding of the Evolution of Violaceae from an Anatomical and Morphological Perspective Saul Ernesto Hoyos University of Missouri-St

    University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Theses Graduate Works 8-7-2011 Towards an understanding of the evolution of Violaceae from an anatomical and morphological perspective Saul Ernesto Hoyos University of Missouri-St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://irl.umsl.edu/thesis Recommended Citation Hoyos, Saul Ernesto, "Towards an understanding of the evolution of Violaceae from an anatomical and morphological perspective" (2011). Theses. 50. http://irl.umsl.edu/thesis/50 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Saul E. Hoyos Gomez MSc. Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, 2011 Thesis Submitted to The Graduate School at the University of Missouri – St. Louis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science July 2011 Advisory Committee Peter Stevens, Ph.D. Chairperson Peter Jorgensen, Ph.D. Richard Keating, Ph.D. TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE BASAL EVOLUTION OF VIOLACEAE FROM AN ANATOMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Saul Hoyos Introduction The violet family, Violaceae, are predominantly tropical and contains 23 genera and upwards of 900 species (Feng 2005, Tukuoka 2008, Wahlert and Ballard 2010 in press). The family is monophyletic (Feng 2005, Tukuoka 2008, Wahlert & Ballard 2010 in press), even though phylogenetic relationships within Violaceae are still unclear (Feng 2005, Tukuoka 2008). The family embrace a great diversity of vegetative and floral morphologies. Members are herbs, lianas or trees, with flowers ranging from strongly spurred to unspurred.
  • Cyclotides Evolve

    Cyclotides Evolve

    Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Pharmacy 218 Cyclotides evolve Studies on their natural distribution, structural diversity, and activity SUNGKYU PARK ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS ISSN 1651-6192 ISBN 978-91-554-9604-3 UPPSALA urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-292668 2016 Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in B/C4:301, BMC, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, Friday, 10 June 2016 at 09:00 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Faculty of Pharmacy). The examination will be conducted in English. Faculty examiner: Professor Mohamed Marahiel (Philipps-Universität Marburg). Abstract Park, S. 2016. Cyclotides evolve. Studies on their natural distribution, structural diversity, and activity. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Pharmacy 218. 71 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-9604-3. The cyclotides are a family of naturally occurring peptides characterized by cyclic cystine knot (CCK) structural motif, which comprises a cyclic head-to-tail backbone featuring six conserved cysteine residues that form three disulfide bonds. This unique structural motif makes cyclotides exceptionally resistant to chemical, thermal and enzymatic degradation. They also exhibit a wide range of biological activities including insecticidal, cytotoxic, anti-HIV and antimicrobial effects. The cyclotides found in plants exhibit considerable sequence and structural diversity, which can be linked to their evolutionary history and that of their host plants. To clarify the evolutionary link between sequence diversity and the distribution of individual cyclotides across the genus Viola, selected known cyclotides were classified using signature sequences within their precursor proteins. By mapping the classified sequences onto the phylogenetic system of Viola, we traced the flow of cyclotide genes over evolutionary history and were able to estimate the prevalence of cyclotides in this genus.
  • State of New York City's Plants 2018

    State of New York City's Plants 2018

    STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species.
  • Types of Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae) in the Herbarium W (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien) 173-181 ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Download Unter

    Types of Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae) in the Herbarium W (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien) 173-181 ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Download Unter

    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien Jahr/Year: 2017 Band/Volume: 119B Autor(en)/Author(s): Marinho Lucas Cardoso Artikel/Article: Types of Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae) in the herbarium W (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien) 173-181 ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.zobodat.at Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 119 173–181 Wien, Jänner 2017 Types of Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae) in the herbarium W (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien) L.C. Marinho* Abstract Garcinia L. is the second largest genus in Clusiaceae LINDL.; however, there are few recent taxonomic works about it, except for the taxonomic works conducted in Africa. For the development of sound taxonomic work and to allow nomenclatural changes and typifications, a thorough analysis of the type specimens of validly published names is necessary. In the herbarium W (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien) nomenclatural type specimens for 50 taxons of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) are identified. Data from: the original publication, herbarium number and, where possible, the taxonomic status are provided. Key words: Clusiaceae; Clusianthemum, Rheedia, Ochrocarpos, Terpnophyllum, Xanthochymus; types. Zusammenfassung Garcinia L. ist die zweitgrößte Gattung der Familie Clusiaceae LINDL. Außer einer rezenten Bearbeitung der afrikanischen Arten gibt es noch keine umfassenden taxonomischen Abhandlungen. Für eine fundierte taxonomische Bearbeitung ist es notwendig, Typus-Material zu allen publizierten Namen zu analysieren, um die Nomenklatur klären zu können. Im Herbarium W (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien) wurden Typus- Belege für 50 Taxa der Gattung Garcinia gefunden und gekennzeichnet. Im Folgenden wird eine Auflistung der Belege inklusive Protolog-Zitat, Herbariumsnummer und, wo es möglich war, auch des taxonomische Status des jeweiligen Taxons angegeben.
  • Dispersion of Vascular Plant in Mt. Huiyangsan, Korea

    Dispersion of Vascular Plant in Mt. Huiyangsan, Korea

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Journal of Korean Nature Vol. 3, No. 1 1-10, 2010 Dispersion of Vascular Plant in Mt. Huiyangsan, Korea Hyun-Tak Shin1, Sung-Tae Yoo2, Byung-Do Kim2, and Myung-Hoon YI3* 1Gyeongsangnam-do Forest Environment Research Institute, Jinju 660-871, Korea 2Daegu Arboretum 284 Daegok-Dong Dalse-Gu Daegu 704-310, Korea 3Department of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea Abstract: We surveyed that vascular plants can be classified into 90 families and 240 genus, 336 species, 69 variants, 22 forms, 3 subspecies, total 430 taxa. Dicotyledon plant is 80.9%, monocotyledon plant is 9.8%, Pteridophyta is 8.1%, Gymnosermae is 1.2% among the whole plant family. Rare and endangered plants are Crypsinus hastatus, Lilium distichum, Viola albida, Rhododendron micranthum, totalling four species. Endemic plants are Carex okamotoi, Salix koriyanagi for. koriyanagi, Clematis trichotoma, Thalictrum actaefolium var. brevistylum, Galium trachyspermum, Asperula lasiantha, Weigela subsessilis, Adenophora verticillata var. hirsuta, Aster koraiensis, Cirsium chanroenicum and Saussurea seoulensis total 11 taxa. Specialized plants are 20 classification for I class, 7 classifications for the II class, 7 classifications for the III class, 2 classification for the IV class, and 1 classification for the V class, total 84 taxa. Naturalized plants specified in this study are 10 types but Naturalization rate is not high compared to the area of BaekDu-DaeGan. This survey area is focused on the center of BaekDu- DaeGan, and it has been affected by excessive investigations and this area has been preserved as Buddhist temples' woods.
  • Botanica Pacifica

    Botanica Pacifica

    Russian Academy of Sciences, Far Eastern Branch Botanical Garden-Institute botanica pacifica A journal of plant science and conservation Volume 9, No. 1 2020 VLADIVOSTOK 2020 Botanica Pacifica. A journal of plant science and conservation. 2020. 9(1): 3–52 DOI: 10.17581/bp.2020.09113 Revision of the genus Viola L. (Violaceae) in the Russian Far East with notes on adjacent territories Marc Espeut Marc Espeut ABSTRACT e-mail: [email protected] This study proposes a revision of the genus Viola L. (Violaceae) in the Russian 34, rue de l'Agriculture, 66500 Prades, Far East and adjacent regions. It is based on the taxonomic work that Becker con- France ducted on the Asian Viola (1915–1928), but also on Clausen's cytotaxonomic stud- ies (1926–1964) that laid the foundations of the genus' phylogeny. Chromosome counts, as well as phylogenetic analyses, have allowed to specify the infrageneric taxonomy and establish relationships between some taxa of American or Asian ad- Manuscript received: 09.03.2020 jacent territories. A systematic treatment based on the Biological Species Concept, Review completed: 22.04.2020 associated with genetic, cytotaxonomic, and biogeographic data, allowed many sys- Accepted for publication: 02.05.2020 tematic and nomenclatural changes, at different levels: infrageneric, specific and Published online: 07.05.2020 infraspecific. This study shows the remarkable role of the Russian Far East for the conservation and differentiation of the genus Viola species, and probably for the whole flora of the Holarctic Kingdom. Keywords: Violaceae, Viola, Russian Far East, typifications, taxonomic novelties, no- TABLE OF CONTENTS menclatural novelties Introduction ..........................................................
  • Developing Biodiverse Green Roofs for Japan: Arthropod and Colonizer Plant Diversity on Harappa and Biotope Roofs

    Developing Biodiverse Green Roofs for Japan: Arthropod and Colonizer Plant Diversity on Harappa and Biotope Roofs

    20182018 Green RoofsUrban and Naturalist Urban Biodiversity SpecialSpecial Issue No. Issue 1:16–38 No. 1 A. Nagase, Y. Yamada, T. Aoki, and M. Nomura URBAN NATURALIST Developing Biodiverse Green Roofs for Japan: Arthropod and Colonizer Plant Diversity on Harappa and Biotope Roofs Ayako Nagase1,*, Yoriyuki Yamada2, Tadataka Aoki2, and Masashi Nomura3 Abstract - Urban biodiversity is an important ecological goal that drives green-roof in- stallation. We studied 2 kinds of green roofs designed to optimize biodiversity benefits: the Harappa (extensive) roof and the Biotope (intensive) roof. The Harappa roof mimics vacant-lot vegetation. It is relatively inexpensive, is made from recycled materials, and features community participation in the processes of design, construction, and mainte- nance. The Biotope roof includes mainly native and host plant species for arthropods, as well as water features and stones to create a wide range of habitats. This study is the first to showcase the Harappa roof and to compare biodiversity on Harappa and Biotope roofs. Arthropod species richness was significantly greater on the Biotope roof. The Harappa roof had dynamic seasonal changes in vegetation and mainly provided habitats for grassland fauna. In contrast, the Biotope roof provided stable habitats for various arthropods. Herein, we outline a set of testable hypotheses for future comparison of these different types of green roofs aimed at supporting urban biodiversity. Introduction Rapid urban growth and associated anthropogenic environmental change have been identified as major threats to biodiversity at a global scale (Grimm et al. 2008, Güneralp and Seto 2013). Green roofs can partially compensate for the loss of green areas by replacing impervious rooftop surfaces and thus, contribute to urban biodiversity (Brenneisen 2006).
  • Systematics and Floral Evolution in the Plant Genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae) Patrick Wayne Sweeney University of Missouri-St

    Systematics and Floral Evolution in the Plant Genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae) Patrick Wayne Sweeney University of Missouri-St

    University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Dissertations UMSL Graduate Works 7-30-2008 Systematics and Floral Evolution in the Plant Genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae) Patrick Wayne Sweeney University of Missouri-St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Sweeney, Patrick Wayne, "Systematics and Floral Evolution in the Plant Genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae)" (2008). Dissertations. 539. https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/539 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the UMSL Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SYSTEMATICS AND FLORAL EVOLUTION IN THE PLANT GENUS GARCINIA (CLUSIACEAE) by PATRICK WAYNE SWEENEY M.S. Botany, University of Georgia, 1999 B.S. Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1994 A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of the UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI- ST. LOUIS In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in BIOLOGY with an emphasis in Plant Systematics November, 2007 Advisory Committee Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Ph.D. Peter F. Stevens, Ph.D. P. Mick Richardson, Ph.D. Barbara A. Schaal, Ph.D. © Copyright 2007 by Patrick Wayne Sweeney All Rights Reserved Sweeney, Patrick, 2007, UMSL, p. 2 Dissertation Abstract The pantropical genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae), a group comprised of more than 250 species of dioecious trees and shrubs, is a common component of lowland tropical forests and is best known by the highly prized fruit of mangosteen (G. mangostana L.). The genus exhibits as extreme a diversity of floral form as is found anywhere in angiosperms and there are many unresolved taxonomic issues surrounding the genus.
  • Plant Communities Dominated by Salix Gracilistyla in Korean Peninsula and Japan

    Plant Communities Dominated by Salix Gracilistyla in Korean Peninsula and Japan

    CMYK Biologia, Bratislava, 61/1: 63—70, 2006 63 Plant communities dominated by Salix gracilistyla in Korean Peninsula and Japan Ivan Jarolímek1 &JiříKolbek2 1Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 14,SK–84523 Bratislava, Slovakia; e-mail: [email protected] 2Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ–25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Riverside vegetation dominated by Salix gracilistyla was analysed. In total, 77 phytocoenological relevés from Japan and both Korean Republics were compared. Based on 20 own relevés from Kumgang-san Mts (North Korea) a new association Artemisio feddei-Salicetum gracilistylae was described. It occupies alluvia of rivers and streams flooded for several times yearly. This species-rich community differs from the most similar, but species-poor association Salicetum gracilistylae Minamikawa 1963, described from Japan and known also from South Korea by numerous differential taxa. Key words: North-East Asia, riverside vegetation, Salicion gracilistylae, vegetation classification Introduction steep, narrow and covered by large blocks of boulders, almost without vegetation. Only small stands of Phrag- In North Korea, phytocoenological research of veg- mites japonica belonging to species-poor bank vegeta- etation was performed in the years 1986 to 1990. tion overgrow it. Stream falls down toward the east Along with forests, pioneer vegetation in the rock fis- foothills of mountains and it flows across about ten kilo- sures and synanthropic communities (Neuhäusl & metres wide lowland to the East (Japanese) Sea near Neuhäuslová, 1994; Kolbek & Sádlo, 1996; Kol- the Samilpo Lake. bek et al., 1997, 2003; Sádlo & Kolbek, 1997; Kol- On the riversides of the Namgong river and its isles bek et al., 1998; Kolbek et al.
  • Flora and Vegetation Characteristics of the Natural Habitat of the Endangered Plant Pterygopleurum Neurophyllum

    Flora and Vegetation Characteristics of the Natural Habitat of the Endangered Plant Pterygopleurum Neurophyllum

    diversity Article Flora and Vegetation Characteristics of the Natural Habitat of the Endangered Plant Pterygopleurum neurophyllum Hwan Joon Park 1,2,*, Seongjun Kim 1,* , Chang Woo Lee 1, Nam Young Kim 1, Jung Eun Hwang 1, Jiae An 1, Hyeong Bin Park 1, Pyoung Beom Kim 3 and Byoung-Doo Lee 1 1 Division of Restoration Research, Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology, Yeongyang 36531, Korea; [email protected] (C.W.L.); [email protected] (N.Y.K.); [email protected] (J.E.H.); [email protected] (J.A.); [email protected] (H.B.P.); [email protected] (B.-D.L.) 2 Department of Ecology Landscape Architecture-Design, Jeonbuk University, Iksan 54596, Korea 3 Wetland Center, National Institute of Ecology, Changnyeong 50303, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (H.J.P.); [email protected] (S.K.) Abstract: This study analyzed the flora, life form, and vegetation of the Nakdong River wetland. Vegetation analysis was performed on 37 plots using the phytosociological method of the Zürich- Montpellier School. PCA analysis was conducted by using the vegetation data (ground cover of class; 1~9) of 37 plots surveyed by phytosociological method. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) was used to statistically analyze the objectivity of the community classification and the character species. The traditional classification and mathematical statistic methods were used. A total of 82 taxa belonging to 28 families, 65 genera, 72 species, 2 subspecies, and 8 varieties were present in the vegetation of the survey area. The life form was analyzed to be the Th-R5-D4-e type.
  • Medicinal Potential of Garcinia Species and Their Compounds

    Medicinal Potential of Garcinia Species and Their Compounds

    molecules Review Medicinal Potential of Garcinia Species and Their Compounds Bruna Larissa Spontoni do Espirito Santo 1, Lidiani Figueiredo Santana 1 , Wilson Hino Kato Junior 2, Felipe de Oliveira de Araújo 3, Danielle Bogo 1, Karine de Cássia Freitas 1,* , Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães 1, Priscila Aiko Hiane 1 , Arnildo Pott 4, Wander Fernando de Oliveira Filiú 5, Marcel Arakaki Asato 6, Patrícia de Oliveira Figueiredo 7 and Paulo Roberto Haidamus de Oliveira Bastos 1 1 Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; [email protected] (B.L.S.d.E.S.); [email protected] (L.F.S.); [email protected] (D.B.); [email protected] (R.d.C.A.G.); [email protected] (P.A.H.); [email protected] (P.R.H.d.O.B.) 2 Graduate of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; [email protected] 3 Graduate of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; [email protected] 4 Laboratory of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; [email protected] 5 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; wander.fi[email protected] 6 Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; [email protected] 7 Laboratory PRONABio (Bioactive Natural Products)-Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79074-460 Campo Grande, Brazil; patricia.fi[email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-67-3345-7416 Academic Editor: Derek J.
  • The Nutritional Composition and Anti-Obesity Effects of an Herbal

    The Nutritional Composition and Anti-Obesity Effects of an Herbal

    Sung et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2015) 15:370 DOI 10.1186/s12906-015-0875-1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The nutritional composition and anti-obesity effects of an herbal mixed extract containing Allium fistulosum and Viola mandshurica in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice Yoon-Young Sung1, Seung-Hyung Kim2, Byoung Wan Yoo3 and Ho Kyoung Kim1* Abstract Background: In traditional oriental medicine, A. fistulosum and V. mandshurica are considered to be effective in promoting blood circulation. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether a solution containing both A. fistulosum and V. mandshurica (AFE + VME) extracts has synergistic effects on the treatment of hyperlipidemia and obesity. Methods: Anti-obesity effects of an herbal extract containing Allium fistulosum and Viola mandshurica (AFE + VME) were investigated in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. AFE + VME was orally administrated to mice with the HFD at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. We observed the effects of mixed extract on body weight, fat mass, serum lipid levels, and mRNA expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes in the adipose tissue of mice. Results: The nutritional analysis revealed that this mixed extract is high in carbohydrate (72.2 g/100 g) and protein (11.5 g/100 g); low in fat (1.7 g/100 g); rich in vitamins E (4.8 mg/100 g), B1 (14.8 mg/100 g), B2 (1.0 mg/100 g), niacin (7.9 mg/100 g), and folic acid (1.57 mg/100 g); and rich in minerals such as calcium (600 mg/100 g), iron (106.1 mg/100 g), and zinc (5.8 mg/100 g).