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Issues of Implementation of Buffer Zone Concept in Nepal

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Issues of Implementation of Buffer Zone Concept in Nepal Issues of Implementation of Buffer Zone Concept in Nepal Maheshwar Dhakal, PhD Ecologist Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Biodiversity Status in Nepal WorldNepal % 4,000181 4.52 0.09% Mammals 9,040867 9.53 Birds 6,300118 1.87 118 Reptiles Eco-systems 4,18477 1.84 Amphibians 18,150182 1.84 Fish Eco-systems under PA =80 ˜ 1,12,000640/2,253 1.00 Butterfly Protected Area System in Nepal Protected Areas No Area . (km²) National Parks 10 10,853 Wildlife Reserves 3 979 Hunting Reserves 1 1,325 Conservation 6 15,426 Areas Buffer Zones 12 5,603 23.23% Nepal Total 32 34,187 p@]p@]ZoxZoxZox???? kfl/l:yltsLo k|)ffnL, jGohGt" Pj+ jg:kltsf] ;+/If)f / Joj:yfkg j}!flgs, P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts dxTjsf If]qx?sf] ;+/If)f Pj+ Joj:Yffkg ;+/If)f / Joj:Yffkgdf hg;xeflutf clej[l$ Kf|fs[lts ;Dkbfdf k|lts'n c;/ gkg]{ u/L kofko{^g k|j${g October 23, 2011 Protected Areas Act/Regulations/Policies Act: National Park and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1973 Regulations – National Park and Wildlife Conservation Regulation, 1974 – Chitwan Nationa Park Regulation, 1974 – Wildlife Reserve regulation, 1976 – Himali National Park Regulation, 1980 CITES Bill – Khaptad National Park Regulation, 1983 Under – Buffer Zone Management Regulation, 1996 Discussion – Bardai National Park Regulation, 1997 – Conservation Area Management Regulation, 1997 – Conservation Area Public Management Regulation, 2000 Policies: Related Acts: Wetland policy Forest Act 1993 Wildlife farming policy Export Import (Control) Act 1961 Infrastructure development policy Customs Act 2007 Wildlife Victims compensation policy Environmental Protection Act 1997 Organization of DNPWC Director General-1 Deputy Director General-1 Management Section Protected Areas in Nepal Administration Section 1. Under secretary-1 1.National park 1. Section Officer-1 2. Officer-1 1. Chitwan 2. Nayab Subba-4 3. Radio operator-1 2. Bardia 3. Typist NASU-1 3. Sagarmath 4. Kharidar -3 4. Langtang 5. Driver-3 5. Shy Phoksundo 6. Peon -8 Planning Section 6. Rara 1. Under secretary-1 7. Khaptad 2. Officer-1 8. Makalu Barun 3. Engineer-1 9. Shivapuri Nagarjun 4. Sub-overseer-1 10. Banke 2.Wildlife Reserve Account Section 1. Shuklaphanta 1. Account Officer-1 Conservation Education 2. Parsa 2. Accountant-1 Section 3. Koshi Tappu 3. Sub-accountant-1 1. Under secretary-1 3.Hunting Reserve 2. Officer-1 1. Dhorpatan 3. Ranger-1 4.Conservation area 1. Annapurna 2. Manasul 3. Kanchanjhaga Ecological Section 4. Appinappa Computer Section 1. Under secretary-1 5. Gaurishankar 1. Programmer-1 2. Officer-1 6. Krishnasar CA 2. Officer-1 3. Ranger-1 3. Ranger-1 k|d2"v ;+/If)f ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx? BCN ICIMOD World Bank WWF DNPWC UNDP WTLCP CSUWN IUCN NTNC ACAP MCAP GCAP October 23, 2011 Major International Treaties/agreements International treaties Ratification Enforcement CITES 18 June, 1975 16 September, 1975 UNESCO World Heritage List 21 June, 1978 20 September, 1978 Ramsar Convention 17 December, 1975 17 April, 1988 Convention on Biodiversity 23 November, 1993 21 February, 1994 Global Tiger Forum 1993 1994 SA -WEN January 2011 January, 2011 Wildlife Crime National Tiger Control Coordination Wildlife Crime Conservation Control Committee Committee Wildlife Crime (Minister) Bureau (Prime (DG, DNPWC) Control units Minister) (15 districts, DFO/Warden) Management and Action Plan THE SNOW LEOPARD CONSERVATION ACTION PLAN FOR NEPAL Fiver Year Periodic Planning MINISTRY OF FORESTS AND SOIL CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL PARKS & WILDLIFE CONSERVATION KATHMANDU Tiger Snow Leopard (2008 -2012) Three Year (2005-2015) Periodic Planning Annual Planning Vulture Rhino (2008-2013) (2006-11) Buffer Zone Area Declaration by Fiscal Year 3000 2599 2500 2000 5,603km² = 1500 1257 1000 Area declared (km2) (km2) declared declared Area Area 417 414 500 275 298 343 0 2053 2055 2058 2061 2062 2063 2067 CNP/BNPLNP/SPNP/MBNP SNP SWR/KTWR PWR RNP/KNP BaNP Fiscal Year/PA Ratio of BZA and CA BZA CA 5603 11673 Total AreaArea Total Total (km2) (km2) 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Ratio of CA and BZA Buffer Zone Institutions DDC member 1 CW as MS Buffer Zone Management HH: 118036 Committee (BZMC) 12 Popn: 635000 User Committee User Committee User Committee 206 User Group User Group User Group Planning Planning Resources Resources 4,184 Man Mix women Buffer Zone revenue (50%) Paradigm shift in conservation Environment Integrated Sustainable Climate protection development development change 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Buffer zone concept Species Ecosystem Ecosystem Landscape conservation conservation conservation conservation Wildlife farming Protection Protection Participatory approach approach approach Multi-stakeholder approach Ecotourism From beginning…….Poaching and Illegal Trade…… hgzlQmsf] cefj Protected Area in Nepal PA Area Staffing Staff/unit area=34 km² 40,000 35,000 33,662 30,000 27,595 25,000 Patrolling 20,000 18,571 Monitoring 15,000 record keeping Area (km2)(km2)andand Staffing Staffing Area Area 10,000 Reporting 5,000 4,574 884 951 999 0 677 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Quality PA Year Management? October 23, 2011 Poaching and illegal trade 400 350 300 ko{6s / /fhZjsf] ljj/0f 250 Tourists 200 150 Tourist num ber (1000) 100 139 148 50 163 161 0 3 124 172 349 1,600 291 110 October 23, 2011 2 05 5/56 245 154 1,400 2 05 6/ 57 165 2 05 7/ 58 1,200 2 05 8/ 59 2 05 9/ 60 1,000 2 06 0/ 61 800 Fiscal year 2 06 1/ 62 1,340 Revenue 792 2 06 2/ 63 600 902 2 06 3/ 64 935 Revenue400 collection (N Rs. M illion) 2 06 4/ 65 2 06 5/ 66 200 711 0 785 603 1,354 2 05 4/ 55 1,178 2 05 5/ 56 946 558 2 05 6/ 57 646 2 05 7/ 58 2 05 8/ 59 205 9/60 Fiscal year 2 06 0/ 61 2 06 1/ 62 2 06 2/ 63 2 06 3/ 64 2 06 4/ 65 2 06 5/ 66 Land use/Ecological map Grassland Range land Snow land Forest area Water body Road networking Grassland Biodiversity documentation Way to forward • Land use and ecological map (with biodiversity registration and documentation) • Reform of organization set up (Organization and management survey completed) • Reform in the policy and prevailing laws • Creation of financial capital – Increase in royalty rate – Capitalize REDD and Payment for Environmental Services – Fine new donors and projects – Collaborate with governmental and non-governmental partners • Capacity building – Park staffs – Local communities Area(km 2) Declared Date BS (AD) NP/W Buff R e S / r Protected Areas N H NP/WR/HR/CA R Z / o C n A e Total Buffer Zone 1 Chitwan National Park (CNP) 932 750 1682 2030 Aaswin 04 (1973-09-20) 2053 Mansir 17 (1996-12-02) 2 Langtang National Park (LNP) 1710 420 2130 2032 Chaitra 09 (1976 -03 -22) 2055 Baisakh 14 (1998 -04 -27) 3 Sagarmatha National Park (SNP) 1148 275 1423 2033 Srawan 04 (1976-07-19) 2058 Poush 17 (2002-01-01) 4 Rara National Park (RNP) 106 198 304 2034 Srawan 24 (1977-08-08) 2063 Aashwin 09 (2006-09-25) 5 Shey Phoksundo NP (SPNP) 3555 1349 4904 2041 Srawan 22 (1984-08-06) 2055 Kartik 02 (1998-10-19) 6 Khaptad National Park (KNP) 225 216 441 2043 Aashadh 09 (1986-06-23) 2063 Kartik 13 (2006-10-30) 7 Bardia National Park (BNP) 968 507 1475 2045 Mansir 20 (1988-12-05) 2053 Mansir 17 (1996-12-02) 8 Makalu Barun National Park (MBNP) 1500 830 2330 2048 Mansir 02 (1991-11-18) 2055 Magh 25 (1999-02-08) 9 Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park (SNNP) 159 159 2058 Falgun 06 (2002-02-18) 10 Banke National Park (BaNP) 550 343 893 2067 Aashadh 28 (2010-07-12) 2067 Aashadh 28 (2010-07-12) 243. 11 Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve (SWR) 305 548.5 2033 Srawan 04 (1976-07-19) 2061 Jestha 09 (2004-05-22) 5 12 Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve (KTWR) 175 173 348 2036 Falgun 13 (1980-02-25) 2061 Bhadra 14 (2004-08-30) 298.1 797.1 13 Parsa Wildlife Reserve (PWR) 499 2041 Jestha 08 (1984-05-21) 2062 Aashadh 13 (2005-06-27) 7 7 Institutional Mechanism Buffer Zone 12 Buffer zone MC Management Committee 50% User Committee 206 User Committee revenue User Groups 4093User Groups …% The income of community forest is largely based on eco-tourism and fund provided by the BZMC In the recent years, the trend of BZCF formation seems similar to normal community forestry user group Details of Buffer Zone Community forests at some selected protected areas No of Area Covered by Benefited Protected Area BZCF BZCF HH Annual Income Chitwan NP 22 3632 9990 Bardia NP 46 12978 9500 Shy Phoksundo NP 24 2617 1591 Koshi Tappu WR 11 127 1926 Parsa WR 24 3596 6594 Buffer Zone area covers 27 districts, 83 VDCs and 0.7 million population.
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