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Chapter 3. Key Recommendations and Overarching Themes for a More Resilient Comoros

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Chapter 3. Key Recommendations and Overarching Themes for a More Resilient Comoros Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Comoros Urbanization Review REIMAGINING URBANIZATION IN COMOROS Bundo la miji leo ndo maesha bora meso © 2020 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contribu- tions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The bound¬aries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because the World Bank encourages dissem¬ination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@ worldbank.org. Cover Photos © Ali Youssouf Alwahti Photos credits © World Bank Staff, except pages 23, 47, 54 : © Éditions Coelacanthe Design : Éditions Coelacanthe Table of Contents Table des matières Acronyms and abbreviations......................................................................................5 Acknowledgements.....................................................................................................7 Overview.....................................................................................................................9 Introduction..............................................................................................................19 Chapter 1. Clarifying institutional arrangements for municipal go- vernance and urban service delivery............................................................33 A nascent and complex process of decentralization.........................................33 Laws exist but responsibilities and fiscal arrangements remain unclear..........39 Overlapping mandates of administrative layers of formal and informal authorities..........................................................................................................41 Theoretical financial allocations versus practical solutions for munici- pal services.........................................................................................................43 A large share of financing gap is filled by remittances from foreign dia- spora...................................................................................................................46 Chapter 2. Transforming cities....................................................................55 Comoros’ Multi-hazard Reality : Protecting residents from adverse natural events......................................................................................................56 Promoting the development of all residents.....................................................69 Considering the poor..........................................................................................69 Empowering Women..........................................................................................75 Offering healthy and clean-living conditions....................................................76 Planning.............................................................................................................76 Land..................................................................................................................86 Water..................................................................................................................92 Solid Waste Management..................................................................................96 Reimagining Urbanization in Comoros Chapter 3. Key Recommendations and overarching themes for a more resilient Comoros.............................................................................. 103 Strengthening institutions................................................................................105 Recommendation 1 : Pass legislations to enable better municipal fun ctionality...........................................................................................................105 Recommendation 2: Strengthen DRM to protect economic assets, lives and livelihoods................................................................................................. 106 Improving the urban living environment........................................................108 Recommendation 3 : Empower mayors for leadership roles...........................108 Recommendation 4 : Land reform : taking small steps to adapt stra- tegies.................................................................................................................110 Recommendation 5 : Invest in accessible tools for more resilient infra- structure and housing.......................................................................................113 Recommendation 6 : Transform solid waste to create economic oppor- tunities and reduce vulnerability.....................................................................115 Recommendation 7 : Reform the water sector for greater efficiency...............116 Building communities today, transforming lives tomorrow............................117 Summary of recommendations........................................................................ 119 References...............................................................................................................127 Annexes...................................................................................................................135 A Building Exposure Model for Comoros.......................................................135 Damages from cyclone Kenneth.......................................................................138 Background on the complexity of land administration challenges in the Comoros..............................................................................................................141 4 5 Acronyms and abbreviations AAL Annual Average Loss AEPA Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Strategy (Stratégie d’Alimentation en Eau Potable et d’Assainissement) AFD French Development Agency (Agence française de dévelop- pement) ANMC Comorian Mayors’ Association (Association Nationale des Maires des Comores) ANRTIC National ICT Regulatory Authority (Autorité Nationale de Régulation des Technologies de l’Information et de la Com munication) BCSF French Seismological Office (Bureau Central Sismologique Français) CASM Centre d’Animation Socioculturelle de Moroni Mtsangani CDR Call Detail Records CERF United Nations Central Emergency Response Fund CHR Resilient Housing Committees (Comités d'Habitat Résilient) CNITD Comité National chargé de l’identification des Terrains Domaniaux COSEP Centre for Rescue Operations and Civil Protection (Centre des Opérations de Secours et de Protection Civile) CSO Civil society organizations DATUH Directorate of Land Use Planning, Urban Development and Housing (Direction de l'Aménagement du Territoire, de l'Urbanisme et de l’Habitat) DGEME National Directorate of Energy and Water Resources (Direction Générale de l'Energie, des Mines et de l’Eau) DGSC General Directorate for Civil Security (Direction Générale de la Sécurité Civile) DRM Disaster risk management EP&R Emergency preparedness and response FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FDI Foreign Direct Investment GDP Gross domestic product 5 GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery ICT Information and Communication Technologies IFCR International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IMF International Monetary Fund INSEED National Institute of Statistics, and of Economic and Demographic Studies (Institut Nationale de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques et Démographiques) IOC Indian Ocean Commission JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency KMF Comorian franc MDLD Decentralization bureau (Maison de la décentralisation) NGO Non-governmental organization OCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs PCD Decentralized Cooperation Program (Programme de Coopéra- tion Décentralisée) PCE Comoros Emerging Plan (Plan Comores Emergent) PDC Communal Development Plan (Plan de développement communal) PDU Urban Development Plan (Plan de développement urbain) PNEPBNB National Program for Registration of Built and Non-built property PPE Personal protective equipment PPP Public-private Partnership PRCIII Institutional Capacity Building Project (PRCI) – Phase II RSMC Regional Specialized Meteorological Center SAWS South Africa Weather Service SCA2D National Accelerated Growth and Sustainable Development Strategy (Stratégie de croissance accélérée et de développement durable) SDI Spatial Data Infrastructure SIDS Small Island Developing States SWFP Severe Weather Forecasting Program UCC Unit Construction Cost UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNDRR United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
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