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Palaeozoic (Silurian and Devonian) Radiolarians and Conodonts from Chert Olistoliths of the Voliossos Turbidites, Chios Island, Greece

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Palaeozoic (Silurian and Devonian) Radiolarians and Conodonts from Chert Olistoliths of the Voliossos Turbidites, Chios Island, Greece Palaeozoic (Silurian and Devonian) radiolarians and conodonts from chert olistoliths of the Voliossos Turbidites, Chios island, Greece Autor(en): Larghi, Christiano / Cordey, Fabrice / Corradini, Carlo Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae Band (Jahr): 98 (2005) Heft 1 PDF erstellt am: 27.09.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-169165 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. 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Helv. 98 (2005) 123-131 DOI 10.1007/SO0O15-005-1146-9 Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 2005 Palaeozoic (Silurian and Devonian) radiolarians and conodonts from chert olistoliths of the Volissos Turbidites, Chios island, Greece Christiano Larghi1*, Fabrice Cordey2, Carlo Corradini3, Maurizio Gaetani1 & Alda Nicora1 Key words: Radiolarians, conodonts. Silurian, Devonian, Volissos Turbidites, Chios Mélange ABSTRACT chert olistholiths (ribbon radiolarites) embedded in the siliciclastic sequence of The Volissos Turbidites (also known as Chios Mélange) are a thick Palaeozoic the Volissos Turbidites. wildflysch sequence that crops out on the Greek island of Chios. It consists of The radiolarites sampled near Kardamila and Mannaro (northeastern chert, limestone and volcanic olistholits floating in a siliciclastic turbiditic Chios), where the Volissos Turbidites are not affected by metamorphism, have matrix. During the Early Carboniferous (Mississippian), these turbidites were given identifiable radiolarians and conodonts. The different samples document severely deformed and structurally thickened probably at the toe of an different ages. Some radiolarians document Silurian, possible Pridolian age, accretionary wedge. Whereas there are many studies on the fossiliferous content of whereas the conodonts indicate a distinct Famennian (late Late Devonian). the limestone olistoliths, scant attention was given to the cherts. We report The radiolarians of other samples delineate a more general range (Devonian- here for the first time some radiolarian and conodont assemblages from the ?Early Carboniferous). Introduction and Geological Setting The Volissos Turbidites consist of a thick flysch-type Chios, one of the largest Greek islands, is located in the eastern succession composed of limestone, chert and volcanic blocks Aegean Sea a few kilometers from the Turkish Karaburun floating in a siliciclastic turbiditic matrix with partially Peninsula (Fig. 1). According to previous authors (Besenecker preserved original stratigraphic contacts. Shales, sandstones and et al. 1968,1971), two main thrust sheets with different successions conglomerates form the terrigenous matrix, that exhibits common crop out in the island. turbiditic sedimentary structures as normal grading, The Lower Unit ("autochthonous" of Besenecker et al. cross-lamination, flute casts, grooves, often organised in the 1968, 1971) includes siliciclastic turbidites and embedded typical Bouma sequences. olistoliths (also up to 100 m in diameter) of Silurian to Carboniferous Tectonic repetitions and intensive deformation of the rocks, named Volissos turbidites by Zanchi et al. (2003) entire succession hamper the evaluation of its original thickness or Chios Mélange by Robertson & Pickett (2000) and Groves (several kilometres at least) and relationships. et al. (2003), overlain by a Mesozoic mixed terrigenous-carbonate The Volissos Turbidites are also affected in the lowermost succession. The Upper Unit (''allochthonous" of Bese- part of the unit (north western Chios) by metamorphism necker et al. 1968, 1971) occurs in isolated klippen and associated with deformation that does not exceed very-low grade consists, in ascending order, of an Upper Carboniferous to Upper conditions, as suggested by sparse chlorite and sericite beards Permian sequence, sporadic reports of Middle Triassic along cleavage planes (Zanchi et al. 2003). limestones and a Liassic shallow-water carbonate platform (Kauffmann An eastward decrease in thermal alteration is suggested by 1969; Besenecker et al. 1968). the Conodont Alteration Index (CAI, Epstein et al. 1977; Re- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 34,1-20133 Milano, Italy. - Centre des Sciences de la Terre. CNRS-UMR 5125 Paléoenvironnements et Paléobiosphère, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622, Villeuranne, Cedex, France. 1 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Cagliari, via Trentino 51,1-09127 Cagliari, Italy. ' Corresponding Author, present address: Eni S.p.A., Exploration & Production Division, MOGI, Reservoir Characterization and Modeling Dept., via Emilia 1,1-20097 S. Donato Milanese (Milano), Italy. E-mail: [email protected] Palaeozoic radiolarians and conodonts from Chios island, Greece 123 2-3 5 Km 3 5-4 c 6-6 5 o Agrelopo O 6 F • Grigoros / 5 6 <2 Aghio Gala • Kourounia / 55 3 3 s 3 x r> Melanios Sf Turkey 5 45 Tripes 4 5 • 55 o*, Aegean Nea Potamia 4 6-6 5 • 4 W*, Sea 55 Pirama 3 5 5 Greece£X 5 5 45 45 3 volissos 35 Izmir 4 5-5 O 3 33 3 5-4 / 2 J 2-3 Athens o \ o Chios Triassic ^>c Platform 0 ^o À G** Volissos o ^ j> Turbidites BO Km û ^ N \> G 00 <£ az^> Fig. 1. Map of the Aegean Sea and location of Chios Island. Fig. 2. Map of CAI (Colour Alteration Index) of NW part of Chios Island jeban et al. 1987) of the carbonate Palaeozoic olistoliths. Based ones are almost concordant with stratification and commonly on the evaluation of conodonts sampled by Herget and Roth in consist of silicified mudstones similar to the distal facies of a the '60 and housed in Marburg (Germany), we have defined turbidite fan. different alteration zones oriented N-S following the main In spite of these similarities the cherts within the complex structural trends which also correspond to the distribution of have been generally deformed more readily and at a smaller the major olistostrome layers (Fig. 2). CAI values decrease wavelength if compared with the turbiditic matrix, many of from 6/6.5 in the Melanios area to 2.5 in the Spartounta-Sider- these folds have a sedimentary origin, easily distinguishable by ounta area close to the boundary with the Mesozoic cover. a true tectonic origin; nevertheless the cherts frequently have a According to Zanchi et al. (2003) the turbidites were most second set of folds that overprints earlier folds and in some likely deposited in a Paleotethyan remnant ocean basin and areas the contact between the chert and the turbiditic later were severely deformed and structurally thickened probably sandstone and shale is defined by a high strain zone. Sometimes the at the toe of an accretionary wedge. bedded cherts are boudinaged, chevron folded and highly sheared. Blocks of lesser size, metrical or decametrical, often show Radiolarites the typical "pod-like" shape, frequently described in the Blocks (olistholiths) of sheared and ribbon cherts (Figs. 3a, b) mélange of the accretionary complexes (Miller & Gray 1996). up to many metres across (3-4 m) are randomly distributed in The authors have frequently used the term "lydite" the matrix of the Volissos Turbidites, but are particularly common ("Lydit" of the German Authors) to indicate the fine levels in northeastern Chios (near Kardamila) where the blocks with silicatic or fillosilicatic prevalent composition cropping reach the greatest size (several decametres). Colours of the out at Chios (Herget & Roth 1968; Neubauer & Statteger cherts are variable but black and dark red are prevailing. 1995), nevertheless this term does not distinguish the exotic The olistoliths are poorly sorted and reach very large sizes chert olistoliths, with evident traces of radiolarians, from the (many tens of metres), they are more or less folded; the largest finely laminated levels of the matrix. 124 C. Larghi et al. 3a tf m w ¦ ^^•-•^tf-?3^^* ..^ ^ «F- - "*# ** Vr r* S -"** «s*» •w înt ae S" "M v; ¦¦ «EW Fig. 3. a: outcrop of ribbon cherts near Volissos. b: detail. Sampling Tab. 1. Distribution of radiolarians and conodonts identified in the radiolarites. During the summer 2001, all the cherty blocks with visible traces of radiolarians have been sampled in the Volissos Samples -> CL CL CL Turbidites. Forty-five samples have been collected from 15 Recovered taxa 192 230 231 olistoliths in the different part of the unit and from a conglomeratic Pseudospongoprunum sagittatum level with
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