Jul 2020 Life N9

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Jul 2020 Life N9 N9.JUL 2020 LIFE N9. JUL 2020 LIFE Transforming light into energy is a faculty only a few species have. In other words, leaves feed the plants that will ultimately nourish other life forms. Before leafing through this edition, we invite you to take a closer look at the cover. The macro image of a leaf is a metaphor for life in its essence: a powerful yet fragile beauty meant to be cherished, respected and enjoyed. HOLDING ON ANATOMY LIFE FEED.JERONIMOMARTINS.COM THROUGH OF A AS WE DON’T THE STORM LIFE LINE KNOW IT A TRIBUTE TO LIFE The unexpected pandemic has been a hard reminder of how precious, yet fragile, life is. In this edition of Feed, we invite you to join us in a tribute to LIFE, by celebrating some of its uncountable INDEX. expressions and manifestations. THE TIME OF OUR LIVES HOLDING ON 28.37 THROUGH THE STORM As the Covid-19 outbreak was starting to be felt all over the world, the Jerónimo Martins Group has been proving its resilience, while protecting employees, backing up suppliers and supporting those on the frontline. OXYGEN 64.79 FOR TRADITION LARGER THAN LIFE 102.107 Fernando Pessoa was a man with many lives. With many ways of thinking. With different 38.43 It comes from the ground, usually ways of expressing feelings. The countless personalities that lived within his mind helped On a cosmic timescale, the history from streams, rivers and other areas where forge one of the most significant literary figures of the 20th century. of the most widespread species of life flows. Clay is nothing more than a animals on Earth is as brief as the simple combination of mineral-rich soil blink of an eye, showing us how and water. But in the hands of the right magnificently insignificant humans people, it can be brought to life: shaped are in the grand scheme. into useful everyday objects or even pieces LIFE AS of pure beauty. WE DON’T AND MORE... KNOW IT ANATOMY OF A LIFE LINE 14.21 90.101 LIFE IN BLOOM Beyond Earth, the chances of life existing 80.89 44.47 nearby are there. As well as the answers that help explain the existence of life The Biedronka Foundation was launched A PANDEMIC BEEING on Earth. A great number of questions with the mission of helping elderly people still orbit the scientific community. live better, healthier and longer lives. EXPLAINED ALIVE Portuguese astrobiologist Zita Martins GO AWAY BAROMETER Lives worth living. addresses some of them. OF LIFE 54.57 BEYOND 22.27 48.53 THE HORIZON More than 75 % of our food rely on António Araújo, an expert in contemporary pollinators. Bees play a crucial role, but history, draws a connection between 112.117 58.63 are facing a serious decline. According humankind and the Greenland shark, More than 31,000 species are to FAO, in a world without bees, a 7-meter long predator capable of living threatened with extinction, A PRECIOUS supermarkets would have only half the for several hundred years, but incapable representing 27 % of all animal and amount of fruit and vegetables. of stopping a parasite the size of a penny. FEAR plant life assessed to date. 4.5 CONTRIBUTORS. ANDRÉ ANTÓNIO JERÓNIMO NATALIA NUNO PEDRO CARRILHO ARAÚJO PIZARRO JABŁOŃSKA SEQUEIRA SIMAS ILLUSTRATOR JURIST LITERATURE PROFESSOR VISUAL ARTIST BIOLOGIST VIROLOGIST AND HISTORIAN AND EDITOR AND PHOTOGRAPHER AND BIOLOGY PROFESSOR AND VIROLOGY PROFESSOR André Carrilho has won over 30 national António Araújo is a legal expert, Jerónimo Pizarro is a professor at the Natalia Jabłońska is a Polish visual artist, With a degree in Biology from the Pedro Simas is Head Researcher at the and international prizes in illustration, university professor and Director of Universidad de los Andes and holds the illustrator, and photographer. She has an University of Évora, Nuno attended Portuguese Molecular Medicine Institute editorial cartoon, animation and caricature. Publications and member of the Board Camões Institute Chair of Portuguese Art Master degree, after graduating in a Master’s degree in Conservation Biology (Instituto de Medicina Molecular João His work has been published in an of Directors of Fundação Francisco Manuel Studies in Colombia. He has a PhD the Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts at the same university. He is a professor Lobo Antunes), a biomedical research extended list of newspapers and magazines, dos Santos. He is also a consultant on in Hispanic Literatures (2008, Harvard in Kraków. In 2016, she also studied at and biologist, and is assigned to institute. He is also Professor of Virology including The New York Times, The New political affairs for the Civil House of the University) and a PhD in Portuguese Faculdade de Belas-Artes da Universidade Quercus (Portuguese Association for at Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Yorker, Vanity Fair, New York Magazine, President of the Portuguese Republic. Linguistics (2006, Universidade de Lisboa). de Lisboa (School of Fine Arts, University Nature Conservation) through Agência de Lisboa (Lisbon School of Medicine). Independent on Sunday, NZZ am Sonntag, António Araújo is the author of several He is responsible for most of Fernando of Lisbon). In 2015, Natalia won the Portuguesa do Ambiente (Portuguese Holds a PhD on Virology from Cambridge Harper’s Magazine, Diário de Notícias, books and articles on contemporary history, Pessoa’s new editions and series of texts Piørko (Biedronka Children’s Literature Environment Agency), where he designs University, where he initiated research Expresso and New Statesman. In 2015, constitutional law and political science. published in Portugal since 2006, being Prize) in the illustration category. activities for environmental education in understanding basic molecular one of his cartoons on the Ebola epidemic currently in charge of “Colecção Pessoa” programmes. He is a member of the mechanisms involved in herpes virus became viral worldwide, winning the Grand at Tinta-da-China publishing house. In Quercus Biodiversity Working Group, infections associated with specific forms Prize at the World Press Cartoon. 2013, he won the Eduardo Lourenço Prize. where he coordinates several ongoing of cancer like lymphomas. projects, and is a sitting member of the Portuguese Biologists Association. JOSÉ JUAN PABLO MANUEL ROBERTO ZITA PALMA-OLIVEIRA QUINTERO TIBERIO AYALA PALACIO MARTINS PSYCHOLOGY PROFESSOR ANTHROPOLOGIST/ PHYSICIAN PHILOSOPHER ASTROBIOLOGIST AND RESEARCHER ARCHAEOLOGIST AND EPIDEMIOLOGIST AND ESSAYIST José Palma-Oliveira is an assistant Juan Pablo Quintero is an anthropologist/ Manuel Tiberio Ayala is a Colombian Roberto Palacio is a philosopher and Zita Martins is an astrobiologist, an professor of social and environmental archaeologist at the Universidad de los physician, specialised in epidemiology and essayist born in Bogotá, Colombia. After associate professor at Instituto Superior psychology at the Universidade de Lisboa Andes. He has a post-graduated diploma with a master’s degree in Public Health an academic teaching career at the Técnico (IST, Portugal), and the and a distinguished visiting scholar of the in Mediterranean Nautical Archaeology at Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. He Universidad de los Andes, he has been, Co-Director of the MIT-Portugal University of Virginia. He is a specialist from Universitat de Barcelona and a MA in has worked as a researcher in virology since 2009, a philosophy disseminator Programme. Her research areas include in risk perception and management, Anthropology with emphasis in Archaeology and directed health risk management and a regular collaborator for Colombian the detection of bio-signatures in space with research and publications focused from Universidad de los Andes. Currently, programmes amongst HIV and rurally magazines, such as El Malpensante, Soho, missions, and the potential contribution of on the interaction between people and he is curator at the Museo del Oro in Bogotá dispersed vulnerable populations. He was and Esquire. organic compounds present in meteorites the environment. and chair professor at the Universidad health advisor for multilateral organisations and comets to the origin of life on Earth. Externado de Colombia on theory and health trade associations in Colombia. Currently, she is co-investigator of two of public opinion. He is currently designing disruptive ESA (European Space Agency) missions. epidemiological strategies to confront the Covid-19 pandemic based on intelligent social isolation. 6.7 an important part of our lives for so long has many fronts. Science is key and for that reason we joined the Coronavirus Global Response efforts and also supported the launch of an innovative smart test in Portugal, together with the Portuguese Red Cross Hospital. Empathy and solidarity are the other side of the coin and that is why, for instance, the recently launched Biedronka Foundation has set up a large-scale support action for the nursing and special care homes in Poland, providing these institutions with personal protection materials. Every week, Pingo Doce and Recheio have been donating on-the-go food supplies in more than thirty PEDRO public hospitals in Portugal as a humble way of showing gratitude towards the public health SOARES teams and their extraordinary sense of mission. TO And in Colombia, Ara has been contributing with I believe DOS donations in around one hundred municipalities. Along the next pages, we invite you to join us SANTOS in a tribute to LIFE by celebrating some of its we have been uncountable expressions and manifestations. From unique people who are greater than life living up to the LOVE – such as the great Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa – to people from whom we can learn how to live a more meaningful life – like Polish Sister value of putting Małgorzata Chmielewska; from exploring what science is doing to discover life on other planets or to fight the new coronavirus, to understanding people’s safety LIFE a bit more about the mysteries of human mind and behaviour in limit situations.
Recommended publications
  • Redescription of Atelopus Pulcher (ßoulenger, 1882) from the Eastern Andean Versant in Peru
    On the systematics of the harlequin frogs (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Atelopus) from Amazonia. II: Redescription of Atelopus pulcher (ßoULENGER, 1882) from the eastern Andean versant in Peru STEFAN LöTTERS, WINFRIED HAAs, SUSANNE So-rrcK & WOLFGANG BöHME Zusammenfassung Zur Systematik der Harlekinfrösche (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Atelopus) aus Amazonien. II: Wiederbeschreibung von Atelopus pulcher (BouLENGER, 1882) vom östlichen Andenabhang in Peru. Die Systematik der neotropischen Bufoniden-GattungAtelopus ist kompliziert. Die Arten sind zum einen sehr merkmalsarm und können sich daher sehr ähnlich sehen; zugleich kann innerhalb mancher Arten die Merkmalsausprägung auch sehr variabel sein. Atelopus spumarius umschließt einen Artenkomplex, der im Amazonas-Becken sowie am Ost-Abhang der Anden und in der Guyana-Region vorkommt. In Peru können neben A. ,pumarius sensu stricto mindestens zwei weitere Arten unterschieden werden. Sie unterscheiden sich in der Lebendfärbung, Zeichnung, Adult-Größe, Hauttextur, Larvalmorphologie und im innerartlichen Kommunikationsverhalten (Winken mit dem Vorderfuß, Rufe). In dieser Arbeit wird A. pulcher vom östlichen Anden­ Abhang (Departamentos Loreto und San Martin) aus der Synonymie von A. spumarius heraus­ genommen. Es werden gepulste Rufe sowie die Larve von A. pulcher, deren oberer Homschnabel kürzer ist als der untere, beschrieben. Zudem wird ein alphataxonomischer Überblick über die Gattung Atelopus in Amazonien sowie den angrenzenden Gebieten gegeben. Schlagwörter: Amphibia: Bufonidae: Atelopus pulcher bona sp.; A. spumarius-Artenkomplex, Alphataxonomie, Bioakustik, Larve, Peru. Abstract Systematics ofthe Neotropical bufonid genus Atelopus are complicated. On the one hand, species are poor in characters and hence similar to each other; on the other hand, within some species characters are very variable. Atelopus spumarius comprises a complex of species, distributed in the Amazon basin as weil as on the eastem versant of the Andes and in the Guianan region.
    [Show full text]
  • Atelopus) 2021 — 2041 I N a I I C C I a N T Ê I V I V a E V D E S O B R
    PLANO DE AÇÃO PARA A CONSERVAÇÃO DOS SAPOS-ARLEQUIM (ATELOPUS) 2021 — 2041 I N A I I C C I A N T Ê I V I V A E V D E S O B R 1 INiCiATiVA DE SOBREViVÊNCiA ATELOPUS IUCN SSC ASG ATELOPUS TASK FORCE Autores: Lina M. Valencia1 e Luis F. Marin da Fonte2, 3 1Re:wild (anteriormente Global Wildlife Conservation), 2Amphibian Survival Alliance, 3Grupo de Especialistas em Anfíbios do Brasil (IUCN SSC ASG Brasil) Imagem da capa e desta página: © Jaime Culebras | Photo Wildlife Tours Revisores (em ordem alfabética): Jose Barros4, Gina Della Togna5,6,7, Brian Gratwicke8, Juan M. Guayasamin9,10, Enrique La Marca11,12, Margarita Lampo13, Stefan Lötters14, Andrés Merino-Vireti15, Andrea Teran16, Jamie Voyles17 4Fundación Atelopus, Colombia, 5Universidad Interamericana de Panamá, Panamá, 6Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, 7IUCN SSC ASG Biobanking Working Group Coordinator, 8Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, USA, 9Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador, 10University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA, 11Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela, 12Rescue of Endangered Venezuelan Amphibians (REVA) Conservation Center, Venezuela, 13Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales, Venezuela, 14Trier University, Germany, 15Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Ecuador, 16Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios, Ecuador, 17University of Nevada, USA. Coordenador da Iniciativa de Sobrevivência Atelopus: Luis F. Marin da Fonte IUCN SSC ASG Atelopus Task Force (em ordem alfabética): Jose Barros, Gina Della Togna, Edgardo Griffith, Juan M. Guayasamin, Margarita Lampo, Stefan Lötters, Luis F. Marin da Fonte, Lindsay Renick-Mayer, Carlos Martinez-Rivera, e Lina M Valencia. Colaboradores: ver página 43 Citação: Valencia, L.M.
    [Show full text]
  • Supporting Online Material For
    www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/science.1194442/DC1 Supporting Online Material for The Impact of Conservation on the Status of the World’s Vertebrates Michael Hoffmann,* Craig Hilton-Taylor, Ariadne Angulo, Monika Böhm, Thomas M. Brooks, Stuart H. M. Butchart, Kent E. Carpenter, Janice Chanson, Ben Collen, Neil A. Cox, William R. T. Darwall, Nicholas K. Dulvy, Lucy R. Harrison, Vineet Katariya, Caroline M. Pollock, Suhel Quader, Nadia I. Richman, Ana S. L. Rodrigues, Marcelo F. Tognelli, Jean-Christophe Vié, John M. Aguiar, David J. Allen, Gerald R. Allen, Giovanni Amori, Natalia B. Ananjeva, Franco Andreone, Paul Andrew, Aida Luz Aquino Ortiz, Jonathan E. M. Baillie, Ricardo Baldi, Ben D. Bell, S. D. Biju, Jeremy P. Bird, Patricia Black-Decima, J. Julian Blanc, Federico Bolaños, Wilmar Bolivar-G., Ian J. Burfield, James A. Burton, David R. Capper, Fernando Castro, Gianluca Catullo, Rachel D. Cavanagh, Alan Channing, Ning Labbish Chao, Anna M. Chenery, Federica Chiozza, Viola Clausnitzer, Nigel J. Collar, Leah C. Collett, Bruce B. Collette, Claudia F. Cortez Fernandez, Matthew T. Craig, Michael J. Crosby, Neil Cumberlidge, Annabelle Cuttelod, Andrew E. Derocher, Arvin C. Diesmos, John S. Donaldson, J. W. Duckworth, Guy Dutson, S. K. Dutta, Richard H. Emslie, Aljos Farjon, Sarah Fowler, Jörg Freyhof, David L. Garshelis, Justin Gerlach, David J. Gower, Tandora D. Grant, Geoffrey A. Hammerson, Richard B. Harris, Lawrence R. Heaney, S. Blair Hedges, Jean- Marc Hero, Baz Hughes, Syed Ainul Hussain, Javier Icochea M., Robert F. Inger, Nobuo Ishii, Djoko T. Iskandar, Richard K. B. Jenkins, Yoshio Kaneko, Maurice Kottelat, Kit M. Kovacs, Sergius L.
    [Show full text]
  • Lötters Etal
    On the systematics of harlequin frogs. I: Description of a new species On the systematics of the harlequin frogs (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Atelopus) from Amazonia. I: Description of a new species from the Cordillera Azul, Peru STEFAN LÖTTERS, WINFRIED HAAS, SUSANNE SCHICK & WOLFGANG BÖHME Zusammenfassung Zur Systematik der Harlekinfrösche (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Atelopus) aus Amazonien. I: Beschreibung einer neuen Art aus der Cordillera Azul, Peru. Atelopus spumarius sensu lato umschließt im amazonischen Peru mindestens drei Arten. Die systematischen Beziehungen innerhalb des Komplexes sind jedoch problematisch. Als hilfrei- che Merkmale erweisen sich Lebendfärbung, Verhalten, Bioakustik und Larvalmerkmale. In dieser Arbeit wird eine neue Art aus der Cordillera Azul beschrieben. Markante Verhaltens- merkmale von ihr sind visuelle (Winken) sowie aus unterschiedlichen Komponenten zusam- mengesetzte akustische Signale; bei letzteren überwiegt der ungepulste Anteil. Schlagwörter: Amphibia: Bufonidae: Atelopus reticulatus sp. nov.; A. spumarius-Arten- komplex; Bioakustik; Peru. Abstract Atelopus spumarius sensu lato in Amazonian Peru comprises three species at least. System- atics remain problematic, however. The consideration of living colours, behavioural, bioacou- stic and tadpole data is helpful. In this paper, a new species from the Cordillera Azul is described. Significant behavioural traits of it are visual (hand waving) as well as acoustic signals; the latter consist of different components among which the unpulsed parts (i.e. pure tone calls) predominate. Key words: Amphibia: Bufonidae: Atelopus reticulatus sp. nov.; A. spumarius species complex; bioacoustics; Peru. 1 Introduction Amazonian Peru belongs to the regions of highest biological diversity on Earth. Amphibian species richness is especially remarkable (e.g. DUELLMAN & RODRÍGUEZ 1994), with continuous discoveries of species new to science.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Systematics of the Harlequin Frogs (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Atelopus) from Amazonia
    On the systematics of the harlequin frogs. III: A new species from the Cordillera Azul, Peru On the systematics of the harlequin frogs (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Atelopus) from Amazonia. III: A new, remarkably dimorphic species from the Cordillera Azul, Peru STEFAN LÖTTERS Abstract A new species of harlequin frog (genus Atelopus) is described from the Cordillera Azul, an Amazonian pre-cordillera of the Andes in Peru. It is the second member of the genus known from this region, bringing the total number of Atelopus species known from Amazonian Peru to nine. The new species is remarkable in that females are not only larger than males, but also differ in skin texture (females have almost smooth skin; males have warts and spiculae). It is similar to A. erythropus und A. nepiozomus and differs from these mainly in skin texture (the only known specimen of A. erythropus has minute spiculae, no warts; in A. nepiozomus both sexes have warty skin) and dorsal coloration (uniform olive in the new species versus uniform brown or green with brownish blotches in the two other species). Key words: Anura: Atelopus dimorphus sp. nov.; sexual dimorphism; Peru. 1 Introduction Harlequin frogs of the genus Atelopus are a highly diverse group of Neotropical bufonids with respect to species richness (LÖTTERS 1996). Increased efforts in Atelopus alpha-systematics revealed that complexes of species hide behind some of the actually available names. Among them, taxa sometimes are more phenetic than phylogenetic relatives (cf. COLOMA 1997). An example is A. spumarius COPE, 1871, which has been suggested to range over almost the entire Amazon basin and adjacent areas in the Guianas in the northeast and the Andean versant in the west.
    [Show full text]
  • Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical And
    CBD Distr. GENERAL UNEP/CBD/SBSTTA/20/INF/44 UNEP/CBD/SBI/1/INF/42 15 April 2016 ENGLISH ONLY SUBSIDIARY BODY ON SCIENTIFIC, SUBSIDIARY BODY ON IMPLEMENTATION TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL First meeting ADVICE Montreal, Canada, 2-6 May 2016 Twentieth meeting Item 4 of the provisional agenda** Montreal, Canada, 25-30 April 2016 Item 3 of the provisional agenda* UPDATED ASSESSMENT OF PROGRESS TOWARDS AICHI BIODIVERSITY TARGET 12 Note by the Executive Secretary INTRODUCTION 1. In its decision X/2, paragraph 14, the Conference of the Parties decided that at its future meetings, it would review progress in the implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020, and requested the Executive Secretary to prepare an analysis/synthesis of national, regional and other actions, including targets as appropriate, established in accordance with the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011- 2020 (para. 17(b)). 2. Further to decision XII/1, SBSTTA-19 was requested to identify further opportunities and additional key actions, including for those Aichi Biodiversity Targets for which there has been the least progress at the global level. A list of such targets was contained in an annex to the note by the Executive Secretary for that session (UNEP/CBD/SBSTTA/19/2) pursuant to the assessment of progress provided in the fourth edition of the Global Biodiversity Outlook. As outlined in the annex, a number of activities were under way to enhance progress towards their achievement. 3. The present information note provides an updated and detailed assessment of progress towards Aichi Biodiversity Target 12. Section I introduces the target.
    [Show full text]
  • Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis Global Invasive Species Database
    FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis System: Undefined Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Fungi Chytridiomycota Chytridiomycetes Chytridiales Common name chytrid frog fungi (English), Chytrid-Pilz (German), chytridiomycosis (English), frog chytrid fungus (English) Synonym Similar species Summary Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is a non-hyphal parasitic chytrid fungus that has been associated with population declines in endemic amphibian species in upland montane rain forests in Australia and Panama. It causes cutaneous mycosis (fungal infection of the skin), or more specifically chytridiomycosis, in wild and captive amphibians. First described in 1998, the fungus is the only chytrid known to parasitise vertebrates. B. dendrobatidis can remain viable in the environment (especially aquatic environments) for weeks on its own, and may persist in latent infections. view this species on IUCN Red List Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) 2021. Species profile Batrachochytrium Pag. 1 dendrobatidis. Available from: http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=123 [Accessed 06 October 2021] FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Species Description Fungal Morphology: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is a zoosporic chytrid fungus that causes chytridiomycosis (a fungal infection of the skin) in amphibians and grows solely within keratinised cells. Diagnosis is by identification of characteristic intracellular flask-shaped sporangia (spore containing bodies) and septate thalli. The fungus grows in the superficial keratinised layers of the epidermis (known as the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum). The normal thickness of the stratum corneum is between 2µm to 5µm, but a heavy infection by the chytrid parasite may cause it to thicken to up to 60 µm. The fungus also infects the mouthparts of tadpoles (which are keratinised) but does not infect the epidermis of tadpoles (which lacks keratin).
    [Show full text]
  • Abejas Carpinteras (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae: Xylocopini) De La Región Neotropical
    OspinaBiota Colombiana 1 (3) 239 - 252, 2000 Carpenter Bees of the Neotropic - 239 Abejas Carpinteras (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae: Xylocopini) de la Región Neotropical Mónica Ospina Fundación Nova Hylaea, Apartado Aéreo 59415 Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. [email protected] Palabras Clave: Hymenoptera, Apidae, Xylocopa, Abejas Carpinteras, Neotrópico, Lista de Especies Los himenópteros con aguijón conforman el grupo detectable. Son abejas polilécticas, es decir, visitan gran monofilético de los Aculeata o Vespomorpha, que se divide variedad de plantas, algunas de importancia económica en tres superfamilias, una de las cuales comprende las avis- como el maracuyá; sus provisiones son generalmente una pas esfécidas y las abejas (Apoidea). Dentro de las abejas, mezcla firme y seca de polen (Fernández & Nates 1985, Michener (2000) reconoce varias familias, siendo Apidae la Michener et al. 1994, Fernández 1995, Michener 2000). Exis- más grande en número de especies y la más ampliamente te dentro de algunas especies del género una tendencia distribuida. Este autor divide los ápidos en tres subfamilias: hacia el comportamiento social, con dos o más adultos fre- Xylocopinae, Nomadinae y Apinae. Las abejas de la cuentemente conviviendo en un nido, e incluso en algunos subfamilia Xylocopinae están agrupadas en cuatro tribus: casos se establecen relaciones semisociales o eusociales. Manueliini, Xylocopini, Ceratinini y Allodapini. Las tres Mientras que algunos adultos jóvenes coexisten en un nido primeras poseen representantes en el Hemisferio Occiden- con hembras más viejas, en una minoría de nidos se han tal, mientras que la última está restringida al Viejo Mundo. encontrado dos o más hembras adultas con división de Manueliini y Xylocopini son tribus monotípicas que com- labor.
    [Show full text]
  • Redescription of Atelopus Pulcher
    On the systematics of harlequin frogs. II: Redescription of Atelopus pulcher On the systematics of the harlequin frogs (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Atelopus) from Amazonia. II: Redescription of Atelopus pulcher (BOULENGER, 1882) from the eastern Andean versant in Peru STEFAN LÖTTERS, WINFRIED HAAS, SUSANNE S CHICK & WOLFGANG B ÖHME Zusammenfassung Zur Systematik der Harlekinfrösche (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Atelopus) aus Amazonien. II: Wiederbeschreibung von Atelopus pulcher (BOULENGER, 1882) vom östlichen Andenabhang in Peru. Die Systematik der neotropischen Bufoniden-Gattung Atelopus ist kompliziert. Die Arten sind zum einen sehr merkmalsarm und können sich daher sehr ähnlich sehen; zugleich kann innerhalb mancher Arten die Merkmalsausprägung auch sehr variabel sein. Atelopus spumarius umschließt einen Artenkomplex, der im Amazonas-Becken sowie am Ost-Abhang der Anden und in der Guyana-Region vorkommt. In Peru können neben A. spumarius sensu stricto mindestens zwei weitere Arten unterschieden werden. Sie unterscheiden sich in der Lebendfärbung, Zeichnung, Adult-Größe, Hauttextur, Larvalmorphologie und im innerartlichen Kommunikationsverhalten (Winken mit dem Vorderfuß, Rufe). In dieser Arbeit wird A. pulcher vom östlichen Anden- Abhang (Departamentos Loreto und San Martín) aus der Synonymie von A. spumarius heraus- genommen. Es werden gepulste Rufe sowie die Larve von A. pulcher, deren oberer Hornschnabel kürzer ist als der untere, beschrieben. Zudem wird ein alphataxonomischer Überblick über die Gattung Atelopus in Amazonien sowie den angrenzenden Gebieten gegeben. Schlagwörter: Amphibia: Bufonidae: Atelopus pulcher bona sp.; A. spumarius-Artenkomplex, Alphataxonomie, Bioakustik, Larve, Peru. Abstract Systematics of the Neotropical bufonid genus Atelopus are complicated. On the one hand, species are poor in characters and hence similar to each other; on the other hand, within some species characters are very variable.
    [Show full text]
  • Harlequin Toad (Atelopus) Conservation Action Plan 2021 — 2041
    HARLEQUIN TOAD (ATELOPUS) CONSERVATION ACTION PLAN 2021 — 2041 1 ATELOPUS SURViVAL INiTiATiVE IUCN SSC ASG ATELOPUS TaSK FORCE Authors: Lina M. Valencia1 and Luis F. Marin da Fonte2, 3 1Re:wild (formerly Global Wildlife Conservation), 2Amphibian Survival Alliance, 3IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group for Brazil Cover and this page image: © Jaime Culebras | Photo Wildlife Tours Reviewers (in alphabetical order): Jose Barros4, Gina Della Togna5,6,7, Brian Gratwicke8, Juan M. Guayasamin9,10, Enrique La Marca11,12, Margarita Lampo13, Stefan Lötters14, Andrés Merino-Vireti15, Andrea Teran16, Jamie Voyles17 4Fundación Atelopus, Colombia, 5Universidad Interamericana de Panamá, Panamá, 6Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, 7IUCN SSC ASG Biobanking Working Group Coordinator, 8Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, USA, 9Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador, 10University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA, 11Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela, 12Rescue of Endangered Venezuelan Amphibians (REVA) Conservation Center, Venezuela, 13Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales, Venezuela, 14Trier University, Germany, 15Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Ecuador, 16Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios, Ecuador, 17University of Nevada, USA. Atelopus Survival Initiative Coordinator: Luis F. Marin da Fonte IUCN SSC ASG Atelopus Task Force (in alphabetical order): Jose Barros, Gina Della Togna, Edgardo Griffith, Juan M. Guayasamin, Margarita
    [Show full text]
  • DETECCIÓN DE Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidisen EL ENSAMBLAJE
    DETECCIÓN DE Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis EN EL ENSAMBLAJE DE ANFIBIOS EN LA REGIÓN ANDINA CENTRAL, ORIENTAL, ORINOQUIA Y AMAZONIA DE COLOMBIA Y EL ESTUDIO IN-VITRO DE LA ACCION ANTAGONICA DE LA BACTERIA Janthinobacterium lividum FRENTE A LA CEPA COLOMBIANA DE Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. LEIDER ALEXANDRA VASQUEZ OCHOA TRABAJO DE GRADO Presentado como requisito para optar el título de Magister en Ciencias Biológicas. PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD JAVERIANA FACULTAD DE CIENCIA MAESTRIA EN CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS BOGOTA D.C. 2011 DETECCIÓN DE Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis EN EL ENSAMBLAJE DE ANFIBIOS EN LA REGIÓN ANDINA CENTRAL, ORIENTAL, ORINOQUIA Y AMAZONIA DE COLOMBIA Y EL ESTUDIO IN-VITRO DE LA ACCION ANTAGONICA DE LA BACTERIA Janthinobacterium lividum FRENTE A LA CEPA COLOMBIANA DE Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. LEIDER ALEXANDRA VASQUEZ OCHOA APROBADO ____________________________ Marcela Franco Correa Dra. Director ____________________________ Vance Vredenburg Dr. Nicolás Urbina Cardona Dr. Jurado Jurado Hernando Valencia Zapata Dr. Jurado DETECCIÓN DE Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis EN EL ENSAMBLAJE DE ANFIBIOS EN LA REGIÓN ANDINA CENTRAL, ORIENTAL, ORINOQUIA Y AMAZONIA DE COLOMBIA Y EL ESTUDIO IN-VITRO DE LA ACCION ANTAGONICA DE LA BACTERIA Janthinobacterium lividum FRENTE A LA CEPA COLOMBIANA DE Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis LEIDER ALEXANDRA VASQUEZ OCHOA APROBADO ______________________ ______________________ Ingrid Schuler Ph.D Manuel A. Franco C. Ph.D Decana Académica Director de postgrado NOTA DE ADVERTENCIA Artículo 23 de la resolución N° 13 de Julio de 1946 “La universidad no se hace responsable por los conceptos emitidos por los alumnos en sus trabajos de tesis. Sólo velará porque no publique nada contrario al dogma y a la moral Católica y porque la tesis no contengan ataques personales contra persona alguna, antes bien se vea en ellas el anhelo de buscar la verdad y la justicia”.
    [Show full text]
  • (Atelopus) 2021 — 2041
    PLAN DE ACCIÓN PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN DE LAS RANAS ARLEQUÍN (ATELOPUS) 2021 — 2041 1 INiCiATiVA DE SUPERViVENCiA ATELOPUS GRUPO DE TRABAJO DE ATELOPUS DEL ASG DE LA UICN Autores: Lina M. Valencia1 y Luis F. Marin da Fonte2, 3 1Re:wild (antes Global Wildlife Conservation), 2Amphibian Survival Alliance, 3 Grupo de Especialistas en Anfibios de la UICN para Brasil Imagen de portada y de esta página: © Jaime Culebras | Photo Wildlife Tours Revisores (en orden alfabético): Jose Barros4, Gina Della Togna5,6,7, Brian Gratwicke8, Juan M. Guayasamin9,10, Enrique La Marca11,12, Margarita Lampo13, Stefan Lötters14, Andrés Merino-Vireti15, Andrea Teran16, Jamie Voyles17 4Fundación Atelopus, Colombia, 5Universidad Interamericana de Panamá, Panamá, 6Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, 7IUCN SSC ASG Biobanking Working Group Coordinator, 8Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, USA, 9Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador, 10University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA, 11Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela, 12Rescue of Endangered Venezuelan Amphibians (REVA) Conservation Center, Venezuela, 13Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales, Venezuela, 14Trier University, Germany, 15Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Ecuador, 16Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios, Ecuador, 17University of Nevada, USA. Coordinador de la Iniciativa de Supervivencia Atelopus: Luis F. Marin da Fonte Grupo de Trabajo Atelopus del ASG de la UICN (en orden alfabético): José Barros, Gina Della Togna, Edgardo Griffith, Juan M. Guayasamin, Margarita Lampo, Stefan Lötters, Luis F. Marin da Fonte, Lindsay Renick-Mayer, Carlos Martínez-Rivera y Lina M Valencia. Colaboradores: ver página 43 Cita: Valencia, L.M. y Fonte, L.F.M. 2021. Plan de Acción para la Conservación de la Rana Arlequín (Atelopus) (2021-2041).
    [Show full text]