Central Illinois Teaching with Primary Sources Newsletter

January 2007

Inventions

Welcome to the 5th issue of the Central The Topic Collections provide primary Illinois Teaching with Primary sources on and inventors from Sources Newsletter, a collaborative images to film. We have designated an project between the An Adventure of the area with lesson plans and activities to American Mind / Teaching with Primary use in your classroom. Each lesson plan Sources Programs at Southern Illinois indicates the grade level it was created University Edwardsville and Eastern Illi- for. Teachers know the ability level of nois University. their students, so you may choose a part Galbraith Railway Mail Service Map, Illinois 1897 of a lesson or to elaborate as you see fit. Inventions and Inventors are the focus Contents of the February 2007 issue. The Spotlight We want to hear from you! Please share Spotlight on Central on Central Illinois looks at the inventions your comments and ideas! Illinois - Page 2 Topic Connections - created in Illinois. Page 3 Lesson Plans and Activities - Page 6 What’s New at Learning with Lincoln Institute—Summer 2007 LOC.GOV - Page 6 User Tips - Page 6 We are thrilled to announce a new pro- learning experiences incorporating digi- Image Sources on gram! The SIUE and EIU programs are tized primary sources from the collections Page 7 each facilitating a Learning with Lincoln of the . The institute Institute in anticipation of the Bicenten- will conclude with an event at the Abra- nial Celebration of the birth of President ham Lincoln Presidential Library and Mu- Abraham Lincoln. seum that will be attended by participants of both programs, will feature a unique Educators are invited to apply to be part tour, special guests and lunch. of this special project. Educators from all disciplines and grade levels who have Participating teachers will create an ex- Contact Contact participated in TPS/AAM programs or are emplary learning experience that will be Information Information experienced working with the Library of shared with the Library of Congress Edu- Congress resources are encouraged to cation Outreach Division and will receive Amy Wilkinson Amy Wilkinson participate. other incentives Only ten participants will [email protected] [email protected] be selected for this program from each Cindy Rich During the Learning with Lincoln Insti- partner to ensure the highest quality Cindy Rich [email protected] learning experiences. [email protected] tute a select group of educators repre- senting a variety of grade levels and dis- Binod Pokhrel Binod Pokhrel ciplines will collaborate and develop Learn about program details at the web- [email protected] [email protected] teaching materials. With the underlying site of the program you previously Melissa Carr Melissa Carr theme of President Abraham Lincoln, edu- worked with. [email protected] [email protected] cators will attend two full and one half day workshops focusing on pedagogy, Websites SIUE information is available at http:// Websites best practices and interdisciplinary in- www.siue.edu/education/aam/ www.eiu.edu/ struction. www.eiu.edu/~eiutps institute.htm ~eiuaam EIU information can be found at www.siue.edu/ In addition, small excursions and/or guest www.eiu.edu/~eiutps/lwli www.siue.edu/ education/aam speakers will facilitate discussion on con- Applications must be received by education/aam tent integration. The objective of the February 12, 2007. Central Illinois Page 2

Spotlight on Central Illinois

Connecting locally to past inven- At 3:30 when the kids get home from tors and inventions throughout school one of the first things they want is the central IL area… a snack. One of the more popular snacks Is the MP3 player you got for Christmas was invented right here in Illinois, the already obsolete? It seems there is a con- Twinkie. Jimmy Dewar from Chicago cre- stant stream of new ideas and products ated the short cake snack to boost sales that are presented to us daily. Do we ever when the strawberry season was stop and wonder who came up with over. The name Twinkies came the idea for that new fangled device to Jimmy while walking past a we must have (and why wasn't it us)? Twinkle Toe Shoe Factory. Many of the items that we use or see Abraham Lincoln was the only every day to make our lives easier were future U.S. President issued a created by inventors in Illinois, patent. His was for a some which might surprise you. device that was used to buoy vessels over With farming being a major industry shoals in shallow rivers. If you do a in Illinois it is no wonder that many search for patents in the Library of Con- inventions were created here to help gress American Memory many items show maintain the family farm. One of the results that pertain to Abraham Lincoln. first Illinoisans to receive a patent Some of these items contain information was Harvey Crown, his patent was for an The Good Sport/ Thomas about the Presidents invention. improved plow. Drive down nearly any A. Edison Inc. Early Motion Pictures road in Illinois in spring or fall and you 1897-1920 “African-American newspapers [like the will probably see some John Deere equip- SUMMARY Cleveland Gazette] covered local, na- A domestic comedy about ment in the field. John Deere was a black- tional, and world news.” Read an article a wealthy young woman smith from Grand Detour, he revolution- whose poor inventor about a talented African American inven- husband becomes rich ized farming with his steel plows. In tor, Robert Winn, who had a business in when he perfects the first 1908, Caterpillar of Peoria, (formally the elevator that ever St. Louis Missouri. Stanley Holt Company) manufactured the stopped even without a “Colored Edison [from newspaper]” Cre- floor. first gasoline tractor. Joseph Glidden of ated 05/25/1889. The African-American DeKalb created barbed wire. By Experience in Ohio, 1850-1920 Collection. 1887 there were 173,000 tons of American Memory, Library of Congress. wire were being produced each [http://dbs.ohiohistory.org/africanam/ year. page1.cfm?ItemID=16322] Many inventions found around Learn about ’s lec- the home were developed in ture given to students at Illinois College, Illinois. Alva J. Fisher of Chicago patented in Jacksonville, Illinois on radiophony. the first electric washing machine the “Letter from John D. Bradley to Alexander "Thor". In 1880 the Elcelsior Stove & Graham Bell, March 2, 1896.” The Alex- Manufacturing Company in Quincy manu- ander Graham Bell Papers at the Library factured cook stoves that were nickel- of Congress Collection. American Mem- plated and could burn either wood or coal ory, Library of Congress. [http:// more efficiently. Tuscola was where the memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/ first station in Illinois began broad- magbell:@field(DOCID+@lit casting. (magbell16900147))]

Items for Spotlight on Central Illinois were provided by Illinois History Teacher Volume 6: 3 1999 Inventions Page 3

Topic Connections (cont)

Emile Berliner Early Recording In- Edison Companies Film and Sound dustry 1870-1956 Recording http://memory.loc.gov/ http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/berlhtml/ ammem/edhtml/edhome.html berlhome.html Prolific inventor Thomas Alva Edison Emile Berliner an immigrant (1847-1931) has had a profound and a largely self-educated impact on modern life. In his life- man, was responsible for the time, the "Wizard of Menlo Park" development of the micro- patented 1,093 inventions, including phone and the flat re- the , the kinetograph (a cording disc and motion picture camera), and the kineto- gramophone player. scope (a motion picture viewer). Edison Although the focus of managed to become not only a re- this online collection is nowned inventor, but also a prominent on the gramophone manufacturer and businessman through and its recordings, it the merchandising of his inventions. includes much evidence of Berliner's The collections in the Library of Con- other interests, such as information on gress's Motion Picture, his businesses, his crusades for the and Recorded Sound Division features pasteurization of milk and other public- 341 motion pictures, 81 disc sound re- health issues, his philanthropy, his mu- cordings, and other related materials, sical composition, and even his poetry. such as photographs and original maga- The collection comprises correspon- zine articles. dence, articles, lectures, speeches, Special Presentations scrapbooks, photographs, catalogs, Motion Pictures http://memory.loc.gov/ clippings, experiment notes, and rare ammem/edhtml/edmvhm.html sound recordings. Edison Biography http:// Special Presentations memory.loc.gov/ammem/edhtml/ Emile Berliner: Inventor of the edbiohm.html Gramophone http://memory.loc.gov/ Sound Recording http:// ammem/berlhtml/berlsp.html memory.loc.gov/ammem/edhtml/ edsndhm.html Carpet Cleaner run by a gasoline engine in Daquerrotype Photographs 1839- Samuel F.B. Morse Papers 1793- Kearney, Nebraska 1864 http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ 1919 http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ Inventor: Solomon D. daghtml/daghome.html sfbmhtml/sfbmhome.html Butcher There are more than 725 daguerreo- The Morse Papers consist primarily of types in the Prints & Photographs Divi- correspondence but also include diaries, Date: c.1907 scrapbooks, clippings, printed matter, sion. The majority of the images are Prairie Settlement: portraits, but the collection maps, drawings, and other miscellane- Nebraska Photographs does include early architec- ous materials. These manuscripts and Family Letters tural views, outdoor scenes, span the years 1793 to 1944, but the 1862-1912 and copies of works of art. bulk of the papers dates from 1807 to 385 of the daguerreotypes 1872. They document Morse's life as are credited to Mathew artist and inventor and highlight his Brady's studio. Brady, who development of the electromagnetic today is mainly remembered for the telegraph, his career as a portrait work produced by his studio during the painter, and his interest in the nativist Civil War, opened his first daguerreo- movement. type studio in New York City in 1844. Special Presentations: The Library has the largest collection of Collection Highlights http:// Brady studio daguerreotypes in exis- memory.loc.gov/ammem/sfbmhtml/ tence. sfbmhighlights01.html Special Presentations Time Line http://memory.loc.gov/ Mirror Images: Daquerrotypes at ammem/sfbmhtml/timeline01.html Family Tree http://memory.loc.gov/ the Library of Congress http:// memory.loc.gov/ammem/daghtml/ ammem/sfbmhtml/sfbmtree01.html dagpres.html Central Illinois Page 4

Topic Connections (cont)

Nineteenth Century Periodicals http:// Federal Writers Project 1836-1940 memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpcoop/moahtml/ http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/wpaintro/ snchome.html Articles in these periodicals wpahome.html The holdings from the provide additional perspectives on themes Federal Writers' Project span the years and personalities featured in other Ameri- 1889-1942 and cover a wide can Memory collections. For example, range of topics and subpro- read about the invention of the tele- jects. Altogether, the holdings phone, John Muir and the conservation number approximately movement, the Spanish-American War, 300,000 items and consist of reconstruction, daguerreotypes, and the correspondence, memo- Central Pacific Railroad. Find short sto- randa, field reports, notes, ries, poems, and serialized novels by graphs, charts, preliminary and cor- well-known authors and articles by politi- rected drafts of essays, oral testimony, cal figures. folklore, miscellaneous administrative Special Presentations and miscellaneous other material. The Historical Background and Essays on documents consist of drafts and revi- the Periodical Garden and ForestCol- sions, varying in form from narrative lection http://www.loc.gov/preserv/prd/ to dialogue to report to case history. gardfor/essays/essaysongf.html Special Presentations: Emile Berliner to his Voices from the Thirties: An Intro- grandson Bobby Frank; September 3, duction to the WPA Life Histories The Wright Brothers 1881-1952 http:// Collections http://memory.loc.gov/ 1924 [sound memory.loc.gov/ammem/wrighthtml/ recording] ammem/wpaintro/exhome.html wrighthome.html The Wright Papers consist http:// primarily of correspondence but also in- The African American Experience memory.loc.gov/cgi- clude diaries and note- in Ohio 1850-1920 http:// bin/query/r? books, scrapbooks, memory.loc.gov/ammem/award97/ ammem/berl:@field printed matter, drawings, ohshtml/aaeohome.html The textual ma- (NUMBER+@band and other miscellaneous terials for this collection have been (berl+13DLC284- materials. The manu- drawn from many sources in the Ohio 2017)) scripts span the years Historical Society's collections. From Emile Berliner and 1809 through 1979, but the the manuscript collections come per- the Birth of the bulk of the papers dates from 1900 to sonal papers of prominent individuals, Recording Industry 1948. They document the lives of Wilbur association records, a plantation ac- and Orville Wright as well as their devel- count book, ex-slave narratives, and opment of and flight of the first powered documents relating to the freeing of machine. The Wrights' letters to Octave individual slaves. Over 15,000 articles Chanute in the Chanute Papers are also about African Americans and issues included in this online collection. Chanute, affecting them have been selected a civil engineer and aviation pioneer, was from eleven Ohio newspapers. Also the Wrights' mentor and friend. These included are over 200 articles from the letters give a first-person account of their African Methodist Episcopal Church problems and progress in inventing the Review and other materials published airplane. by the church. Special Presentations: Special Presentations: Collection Highlightshttp://memory.loc.gov/ A Selection of Favorites http:// ammem/wrighthtml/wrighthigh.html memory.loc.gov/ammem/award97/ Time Line http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ ohshtml/aaeosp.html wrighthtml/wrighttime.html Photography and the Wright Brothers Words and Deeds in American His- http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/wrighthtml/ tory http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ wrightphot.html mcchtml/corhome.html In honor of the The Belief that Flight is Possible to Manuscript Division's centennial, its Man http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ staff has selected for online display wrighthtml/wrightchan.html approximately ninety representative Wright Family Tree http:// memory.loc.gov/ammem/wrighthtml/ documents spanning from the fifteenth wrightfamt.html century to the mid-twentieth century. Inventions Page 5

Topic Connections (cont) Included are the papers of Photographs from the Chicago Daily presidents, cabinet minis- News 1902-1933 http://memory.loc.gov/ ters, members of Congress, ammem/ndlpcoop/ichihtml/cdnhome.html Supreme Court justices, This online collection consists of images military officers and diplo- of urban life captured on glass plate mats, reformers and politi- negatives between 1902 and 1933 by cal activists, artists and writers, scientists photographers employed by the Chicago and inventors, and other prominent Daily News , one of Chicago's lead- Americans whose lives reflect our coun- ing newspapers. The approxi- try's evolution. mately 55,000 images relate to Special Presentations: an enormous variety of topics, Collecting, Preserving, and Research- but most of the photographs ing History http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ were taken in the same geo- mcchtml/special.html graphic area: Chicago, Illinois, or nearby towns, parks, or athletic Century of Lawmaking http:// fields. Probably only twenty percent of memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lawhome.html the images in this collection actually were Beginning with the Continental Congress published in the newspaper. Thus many in 1774, America's national legislative images are available to the public for the bodies have kept records of their pro- first time as part of American Memory. ceedings. The records of the Continental Special Presentations: Congress, the Constitutional Convention, Topics to Explore http://memory.loc.gov/ and the United States Congress make up ammem/ndlpcoop/ichihtml/cdnsp.html a rich documentary history of the con- struction of the nation and the develop- ment of the federal government and its Alexander Graham Bell Papers role in the national life. These documents http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/bellhtml/ record American history in the words of bellhome.html those who built our government. On March 10, 1876 the words "Mr Wat- Special Presentations: son, come here I want you" were alleg- The Making of the U.S. Constitution edly the first from Alexander Graham Bell http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/ac001/ that were heard over his new lawpres.html invention the . This Time Line http://memory.loc.gov/ digitized selection, made up of Up in a Balloon ammem/amlaw/lwtl.html 4,696 items (equaling about The Revolutionary Diplomatic 51,500 images), consists of cor- America Singing: Correspondence of the United respondence, journals, scientific Nineteenth Century Song Sheets States http://memory.loc.gov/ notebooks, and other docu- ammem/amlaw/lwdc.html ments that best represent Alexan- Indian Land Cession in the der Graham Bell's personal life and work United States 1784-1894 http:// with the telephone, the deaf, aeronautics, memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwss-ilc.html marine engineering, and other areas of The Louisiana Purchase Legislative scientific research. Time Line 1802-1807 http:// Special Presentations memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/ Collection Highlights http:// louisianapurchase.html memory.loc.gov/ammem/bellhtml/bellsp.html Journal of the Congress of the Con- Time Line http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ federate States of America 1861- bellhtml/belltime.html 1865 http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/ Inventor and Scientist http:// lwcc.html memory.loc.gov/ammem/bellhtml/ The Impeachment Trial of President bellinvent.html Andrew Johnson http://memory.loc.gov/ Family Tree http://memory.loc.gov/ ammem/amlaw/lwcg-imp.html ammem/bellhtml/belltree.html Presidential Elections and the Elec- The Telephone and Multiple Tele- toral College http://memory.loc.gov/ graph http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ ammem/amlaw/lwec.html bellhtml/belltelph.html

CentralInventions Illinois Page 6

Lesson Plans, Presentations and Activities

Lesson Plans: Wise Guides: Thank you Mr. Edison Grade 7-12 Why, He is listening to his Masters http://memory.loc.gov/learn/lessons/99/ Voice http://www.loc.gov/wiseguide/ edison/intro.html gramophone.html Artifact Road Show Grade 3-5 http:// Go Fly A Kite http://www.loc.gov/ memory.loc.gov/learn/lessons/99/road/ wiseguide/mar03/kite.html intro.html First in Flight http://www.loc.gov/ Activities & Presentations: Webcast wiseguide/sept06/flight.html Engineering in the Andes Mountains Mr. Watson Come Here http:// http://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/ www.loc.gov/wiseguide/aug06/bell.html feature_wdesc.php?rec=3839 He had the Write Stuff http://www.loc.gov/ America's Library (Elementary) wiseguide/feb06/write.html Meet Amazing People: Scientist and A Sneeze of Historic Proportions Inventors http://www.americaslibrary.gov/ http://www.loc.gov/wiseguide/may05/ cgi-bin/page.cgi/aa/scientists sneeze.html Activities: More on the Web: What in the world is that? http:// The Edison Papers http:// memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/features/ edison.rutgers.edu/ science/flash.html The Invention Factory http:// Ferris wheel. A Exhibits: www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/ carnival was in Benjamin Franklin in his own Words lessons/25edison/25edison.htm Vale, Oregon, on http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/ A Science Odyssey http://www.pbs.org/ the Fourth of July. franklin-home.html wgbh/aso/ The Dream of Flight http://www.loc.gov/ Department of Energy http:// 1941 July. exhibits/treasures/wb-home.html www.science.doe.gov/Sub/complishments/ The Work of Charles and Ray Eames Decades_Discovery/decades.htm America from the http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/eames/ Partners of the Heart (PBS) http:// Great Depression Learning Page Community Center: www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/partners/ to WWII: Benjamin Franklin (PBS) http:// Photographs from From Fantasy to Flight http:// memory.loc.gov/learn/community/ www.pbs.org/benfranklin/ the FSA-OWI Galileo's Battle for the Heavens (PBS) 1935-1945 cc_flight.php Science and Invention http:// http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/galileo/ memory.loc.gov/learn/community/ The Wright Brothers the Invention of cc_science.php the Aerial Age http://www.nasm.si.edu/ wrightbrothers/

What’s New at LOC.GOV? Preparing, Protecting and Preserving Using this information, you will have the Family Treasures http://www.loc.gov/ means to prepare ahead of time, to pro- preserv/familytreasures/ tect everyday, and if need be to . pre- This website provides simple instructions, serve your family treasures after a disas- as well as links to more comprehensive ter. Proper care, handling and storage of information for “Preparing, Protecting, your treasures will help to ensure that Preserving” many types of family treas- they are available for generations to ures. come.

User Tip

“A search in the American Memory collections yields web pages which are assembled "on the fly" in response to your particular request. Frequently, "/temp/" appears as part of the URL shown in the Address/Location window of the page. This is frustrat- ing for users who carefully bookmark their "finds" because a temporary page cannot be called up at a later date. With just a bit more work, however, you CAN get a per- manent URL through the process outlined below.” We also suggest teachers to print the bibliographic page for their records since information within a bibliographic page will locate an item quickly. Find the URL: Search for the item within the American Memory collections. At the bibliographic (item) record screen, go to the View menu Inventions PagePage 7 7

User Tip (cont.)

Find the URL: Search for the item within the American Memory collections. At the bibliographic (item) record screen, go to the View menu Menu on the web browser menubar, then select Page Source (or Document Source or Source, depending on your browser). A new browser window will open showing the HTML formatting tags for the page you received from your search. Scroll to the bottom of this new win- dow.You will see: < ! - - The following URL will result in display of this document - -> and on the next line a long URL enclosed in . Example: Copy the URL: Highlight and copy the complete URL, including final parentheses (but not ). Example: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/ vv:@field(NUMBER+@band(cph+3c16995)) Close the window displaying the HTML formatting tags. Check the URL: Paste the URL in your browser's Address/Location window, as you would any other URL. To test the URL, press the Enter or Return key on your key- board. If the browser brings up the correct item, you now have the permanent URL! Bookmark the page: With the tested URL in the Address/Location window of the browser, you can now bookmark the web page. Simply go to the Bookmarks/ Favorites menu on the web browser menubar, then select Add Bookmark/Add to Favorites. http://memory.loc.gov/learn/start/tech/link.html

Image Sources (Collection & Image Title)

Library of Congress Wanted-An Idea James B. Carter African Methodist Episcopal Church Review

Library of Congress Bared Wire Fence Jones, Suzi, photographer Ranching Culture in Northern Nevada1945-1982 Ribbon map of the [Fa]ther of Waters. Library of Congress CREATED/ Drawing by Alexander Graham Bell 1876 PUBLISHED The Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers St. Louis, Mo. : Coloney & Fairchild, 1866 (St. Louis, Mo. Library of Congress : [M]oeller, 3rd & Scrapbook Excerpt Olive Sts.) Emile Berliner and the Birth of the Recording Industry NOTES Shows distances, landings, and names Library of Congress of some landowners. "This patent is for the 'IDEA' ... July Library of Congress 1866, Myron Automobile Parade/Thomas A. Edison Inc. Coloney, Sidney B. Early Motion Pictures 1897-1920 Fairchild, inventors & pateniees [sic]." Library of Congress "Coloney & Fairchild's Garden and Forest, Vol. 10, Issue 514 patent ribbon maps." The Nineteenth-Century in Print: Periodicals Designed for a traveller aboard a Library of Congress steamship. General Correspondence Collection: Maps The Abraham Lincoln Papers at the LOC Page 8 Inventions

Image Sources (Collection & Image Title)

Library of Congress First Flight, 120 Feet in 12 Seconds, 10:35 am, Kitty Hawk, NC The Wilbur and Orville Wright Papers

Library of Congress Adams Family Portrait with Man, Woman and Baby Girl Daguerroeotype Portraits and Views 1839-1864

Library of Congress Ribbon Map of (Fa)ther of Water Map Collections Library of Congress “You and Your Laundry” by Mrs. Christine Frederick The Hurley Machine Co. c.1922 Prosperity and Thrift: The Coolidge Era and the Consumer Economy 1921-1929

Library of Congress You and Your Lundry Prosperity and Thrift: The Coolidge Era and the Consumer Economy 1921-1929

Library of Congress Inventor Thomas A. Edison, Sitting Half-Length Portrait Photographs from the Chicago Daily News 1902-1933

Library of Congress Southern Customs American Life Histories: Manuscripts from the Federal Writers’ Project, 1936-1940

Library of Congress ’s schematic diagrams and scientific notes on hotel stationery, ca. 1915. (Lee De Forest Papers) Words and Deeds in American History

Library of Congress Telegraph 1869-1944 The Samuel F.B. Morse Papers at the LOC

Library of Congress The Good Sport/Thomas A. Edison Copyright: Thomas A. Edison, Inc.; 18Apr18; LP12317 Early Motion Pictures 1897-1920

Library of Congress Carpet Cleaner run by a gasoline engine ca. 1907 Prairie Settlements:Nebraska Photographs and Family Letters 1862-1912 Library of Congress [Emile Berliner feeding his grandson Robert Frank] Ca. 1919 Emile Berliner and the Birth of the Recording Industry

Library of Congress Up in a Balloon America Singing Nineteenth Century Song Sheets

Library of Congress Ferris wheel. A carnival was in Vale, Oregon, on the Fourth of July. America from the Great Depression to WWII: Photographs from the FSA-OWI 1935— 1945