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298 The Paschal Mystery

Index

Page numbers in color indicate illustrations. Titles of paintings will be found under the name of the artist, unless they are anonymous. References to specific citations from Scripture and the Catechism will be found in the separate INDEX OF CITATIONS.

A at Annunciation, 12, 71, significance of number of, 72–73, 258–59, 259 109 created by God, 11–12 Ark of the Covenant, 253, 290 Abel, 45, 251 defined, 11, 290 arrest and trial of Jesus, Abram/Abraham, 56–57, 60, demons and Devil, as fallen 136–38 65, 75–77, 249, 251, 290 angels, 36, 291 The Art of Dying Well (St. acedia, 279, 290 as intercessors, 12 Robert Bellarmine, 1619), 130–31 Adam and Eve as messengers, 11 Ascension of Jesus, 168–79 creation of, 9, 21, 24, 24–25 Angelus (John Paul II, 1986), (See also human beings, 167 additional reading, 176–79 creation of) Angelus prayer, 258–59, 290 Assumption of Virgin Mary Jesus Christ as New Adam, and, 173, 175 animals 43, 94, 294 focus and reflection Adam’s naming of, 21–22, 32 naming of animals by, questions, 175 reason, non-possession of, 21–22, 32 Pentecost following, 170–71, 205 original state of holiness 171, 295 Annunciation, 12, 71, 72–73, and justice, 19, 27–28, 293 presence of Jesus/Holy 258–59, 259 prayer, as models for, Spirit remaining with us Anointing of the Sick, 250–51 after, 170–71, 174 Sacrament of, 221 temptation in the garden, promise that we will St. Anselm of Canterbury, 36–39 follow, 173 152–53 Virgin Mary as New Eve, 10, truth about, 174 St. Anthony of the Desert, 44–45, 72–73, 294 asceticism, 263 263 adoration Assumption of Virgin Mary, apostles of the Blessed Sacrament, 173, 175, 290 calling of, 103, 109–10 123 St. Athanasius, 48, 85 defined, 109 as form of prayer, 272, 290 St. Augustine, 79, 176 Against Heresies (Irenaeus of Eucharist, commanded to Lyons), 72, 80, 115, 192 continue celebration of, 121 Agony in the Garden, 136, participation in sacrifice of B 228, 229, 255–56 Christ, 145 Pentecost, 170–71, 171, 295 American Indians, 207, 225 Babel, Tower of, 45, 56 resurrection of Jesus and, angels Babylonian exile, 62 156–57, 158 Bakhita, St. Josephine, 25, 30

Balestra, Antonio, Prophet with the Ten Commandments as covenantal union of God Isaiah (18th century), 63 (1662), 250 with His people compared baptism St. Bonaventure, 9, 131, 241, to marriage, 96 conversion of heart, call to, 288 Eucharist and, 124–25 219 Borromeo, St. Charles, 276 holiness, call to, 206, 208 holiness, call to, for all Bouguereau, William- keys of the kingdom given baptized persons, 203, Adolphe, The First Mourning to St. Peter, 109 204–5, 208 (1888), 41 Magisterium, listening to of Jesus, 59, 76, 84, 89, 91, Bourdichon, Jean, The Holy teaching of, 206 92, 92–93, 99, 112, 208 Trinity (ca. 1508), 15 prayer in, 257, 258 meaning of, 93, 99, 161, 162 Bread of Life Discourse, 121, Virgin Mary as type of, 173 290 Original Sin removed by, circumcision, 60, 290 205 Breughel, Jan, the Younger Clement of Alexandria, 215 prefigurements of, 59–60 Creation of Adam in Colombel, Nicolas, Christ Paradise (17th century), 9 sanctifying grace through, Healing the Blind (1682), 107 221, 296 Paradise (ca. 1650), 37 Communion. See Eucharist Transfiguration paralleling Paradise with the Creation communion of friendship, 23 baptism of Jesus, 112 of Eve (ca. 1640), 21 communion of persons, 23, The Baptism of Christ Brown, Ford Madox, Jesus 32, 290 (Anonymous, ca. 1500), 208 Washing Peter’s Feet (ca. communion with Jesus, Bassano, Jacopo, The Good 1856), 279 prayer as, 239–43 Samaritan (ca. 1563), 232 compassion of Jesus, 82 Beatitudes, 188 C complementarity and Bellarmine, St. Robert, equality of male and female, 130–31 23, 290 Benedict XVI (pope), 100, 111, Cain, 45 Conca, Sebastiano, Christ in 177, 207, 231–33 , miracle of wedding at, Cana the Garden of Gethsemane bishops, 110, 290 91, 94–96, 96, 108 (1746), 228 blessing, as form of prayer, St. Cecilia, 204 “Concerning the Creation,” 272, 290 charity. See love from An Exposition of the blind, healing of, 107, 117 St. Charles Borromeo, 276 Orthodox Faith (John of Bloch, Carl, Sermon on the chastity, 23, 73, 224, 291 Damascus, ca. 743), 15 Mount (1877), 273 chosen people, 57, 60, 61 concupiscence, 43, 205, 291 Bloemaert, Hendrick, Saint Christ, defined, 74, 290. See Confirmation, 208, 221 Peter in Prayer (17th century), also specific entries at Jesus conscience, 205–6, 211, 291 262 Christ contemplation, 260, 264, 291 blood, eating/shedding, 55 Church conversion of heart, call to, Boaz, 58 bishops and pope, 110, 290, 217, 218–20, 291 Bol, Ferdinand, Moses 295 Councils of the Church. See Descends from Mount Sinai also Vatican Council II Lateran Council IV (1215), 17

Trent (1547), 67 Crucifixion, 81, 104, 120, 135, resurrection of the dead, Vatican I (1869-1870), 17 139, 142, 189, 226, 256 26, 105, 121, 158, 161, 165, 191–92, 296 covenants Cyril of Alexandria, 117 Decalogue (Ten with Abraham, 56–57, 60, Commandments), 57, 291 290 D Decree on Justification defined, 53, 54, 291 (Council of Trent, 1547), 67 marriage, compared to, 96 St. Damien of Molokai, 111, 114 Defregger, Franz, Grace with Moses , 57–59, 60 Before Meal (1875), 222 Daniel, 170, 280 New Covenant , 59–60, 120, Dei Filius (Dogmatic “dark night of the soul,” 246, 121, 133, 162, 294 Constitution on the Catholic 278, 282 Noahide covenant, 45, Faith, 1870), 17 The Dark Night of the Soul (St. 55–56 Dei Verbum (Dogmatic John of the Cross), 282 with people of Israel, 57, Constitution on Divine 60, 61 David, 62, 63, 65, 73, 75–77, Revelation, 1965), 68–69, 187 253 Coypel, Antoine, The Baptism demons, as fallen angels, 36, of Christ (ca. 1690), 59 David, Gerard, Christ Nailed 291 to the Cross (ca. 1481), 189 Cranach, Lucas, the Elder, descent of Jesus into Hell Garden of Eden (1530), 27 de Sales, St. Francis, 241, (harrowing of Hell), 78, 155, 288–89 Creation, 3–17. See also 156 human beings, creation of de Vos, Maerten, The Deus Caritas Est (papal Incredulity of Thomas (1574), additional readings, 15–17 encyclical, 2005), 231–33 158 of angels, 11–12 Devil death, 190–92. See also focus and reflection as fallen angel, 36 Passion and death of Jesus questions, 14 Jesus incarnated to destroy The Art of Dying Well (St. form and shape, God power of, 78–79, 109 Robert Bellarmine, 1619), providing, 8–9 130–31 miracles of Jesus revealing Genesis, defined, 6 defeat of, 109 defined, 190, 291 God’s complete authorship serpent in Garden of Eden descent into Hell of, 7–12 as, 36–39, 43 (harrowing of Hell), 78, 155, historicity of, 6–7, 21 156 temptation of Jesus in desert by, 91, 93–94, 97, 100 human happiness, God’s eternal life in Christ, 185 plan for, 3 Didache (AD 50-120), 129 immortality of the soul, importance of 205 dignity of the human person, understanding, 5 19, 20, 291 Jesus facing full weight of presence of Trinity at, 8–9 human fear of, 136 discipleship in Christ, 216–33 reading story of, 6–7 Original Sin, as additional reading, 231–33 as religious versus consequence of, 41, 142, 190 conversion of heart, call to, scientific truth, 6–7, 21 particular judgment after, 217, 218–20, 291 of seen and unseen, 9–12 105, 190–92, 294 Eucharist and, 217, 222 truth about, 13

evangelical counsels Elijah, 77, 101, 110, 112, 253, 298 Paschal Mystery and, 119, (poverty, chastity, and Elimelech, 58 121, 122, 162, 222 obedience) and, 224, 291 Elisha, 101 Passover and, 119, 120 focus and reflection Elizabeth, 76, 258 Penitential Rite prior to, questions, 230 274 end of days love, role of, 217, 218, prayer and, 257, 277 final, general, or Last 220–21, 224–27 Judgment at, 105, 183, 190, Real Presence in, 121–22, prayer, importance of, 217, 291 126, 240 222–24 resurrection of the dead resurrection from the Sacraments, importance at, 26, 105, 121, 158, 161, 165, dead, as foretaste of, 192 of, 217, 221–22 191–92, 296 truth about, 126 sacrifice and suffering ends justifying the means, Virgin Mary and, 221 entailed by, 217, 223, 225, 209–10 227, 228, 229 eucharisteo, 275, 291 enemies, loving, 226–27 truth about, 229 evangelical counsels equality and (poverty, chastity, and distraction from prayer, 277 complementarity of male and obedience), 224, 291 Divine Office (Liturgy of the female, 23, 290 Eve. See Adam and Eve Hours), 258, 293 eternal life in Christ, 185 Exodus from Egypt, 57, 60, 65 divinization (theosis), 80 Eucharist, 119–31 Exultet hymn, 46 Domenichino, The Rebuke of additional readings, 128–31 Adam and Eve (1626), 39 adoration of the Blessed dominion over creation, Sacrament, 123 F human beings possessing, 19, Bread of Life Discourse 20, 291 and, 121, 290 Dominus Iesus (Declaration faith Church and liturgy of, by the Congregation for the struggling with lack of, 124–25 Doctrine of the Faith, 2000), 278–79 86 defined, 60, 291 as theological virtue, 186, discipleship in Christ and, 186–87, 200–201, 291 217, 222 E the Fall. See Original Sin early church’s practice of, fasting, 93, 291 124, 129 St. Felicity, 194 focus and reflection Easter Vigil service, 89 femaleness and maleness, 19, questions, 127 Ecclesia de Eucharistia (papal 21, 21–23, 22, 32–33, 38–39 Greek work for encyclical, 2003), 128 Fendi, Peter, The Evening thanksgiving (eucharisteo), Eden. See Creation; Original Prayer (1839), 238 derived from, 275, 291 Sin final judgment, 105, 183, 190, holiness, call to, 208 Egypt, Exodus from, 57, 60, 291 Last Supper instituting, 119, 65 First Vatican Council (1869- 120, 120–21, 122 El Greco, The Crucifixion (ca. 1870), 17 miracle of wedding at Cana 1600), 81 the Flood, 45, 54–55, 55, prefiguring, 96 Eli, 213 59–60, 65

fortitude, as virtue, 223, 291 God. See also God the Father; H Four Last Things, 190–95 Holy Spirit; Jesus Christ; Trinity Fourth Lateran Council Hail Mary, 258–59, 292 (1215), 17 completeness of, 9 happiness, human, God’s plan Francis (pope), 151–52 Creation, God’s complete authorship of, 7–12 for, 3 St. Francis de Sales, 241, harrowing of Hell (descent of 288–89 holiness as God’s gift to us, 208 Jesus into Hell), 78, 155, 156 St. Francis of Assisi, 131, 241 human beings made in The Harrowing of Hell free will, 20, 291 image and likeness of, 19, (Anonymous, 14th century), Frías y Escalante, Juan 20 78 Antonio de, The Triumph of human happiness, God’s heart, call to conversion of, Faith over the Senses (1667), plan for, 3 217, 218–20, 291 186 invisibility of, 11 Heaven, 183, 190, 192–93, 195, Fugel, Gebhard, Healing of 292 the Paralytic (1885), 108 love of God for us, 64, 79, 116, 224–26 “the heavens and the earth,” 5, 7, 11, 24, 105, 292 Scriptures as God’s G revelation of himself, 6, 296 Hell God the Father defined, 183, 292 harrowing of Hell (descent Gabriel, 12, 71, 72, 258, 259 allowing Passion and death of Jesus, 147–48 of Jesus into Hell), 78, 155, Garden of Eden. See Adam 156 and Eve; Creation; Original Creation, presence at, 8–9 Sheol, 156, 296 Sin God the Father on a throne, sinful souls going to, 183, Gaudium et Spes (Pastoral with Virgin Mary and Jesus 190, 195 Constitution on the Church (Anonymous; 15th century), in the Modern World, 1965), 22 Herod, 73, 76, 138, 253 31, 49 Goirdana, Luca, The Dream of Heusler, Antonius, Allegory of gender, 19, 21, 21–23, 22, St. Joseph (17th century), 73 Salvation (ca. 1560), 141 32–33, 38–39, 58 Golgotha, 139, 292 hidden treasure, parable of, general judgment, at end of Good Friday, 120, 162, 278 106 days, 105, 183, 190, 291 Good Samaritan, parable of, St. Hilary of Poitiers, 93 Genesis, defined, 6, 292 224, 232 holiness, call to, 202–15 gentiles, 56, 67, 87, 115, 292 grace, 208, 221, 296 additional reading, 213–15 Gertner, Peter, Crucifixion Gregorian chant, 172 for all baptized persons, (1537), 256 St. Gregory I the Great 203, 204–5 Gethsemane, agony in, 136, (pope), 172, 175 conscience and reason, 228, 229, 255–56 St. Gregory of Nazianzus, 265 listening to, 205–6, 211, 291 Giaquinto, Corrado, The Guardi, Giovanni Antonio, focus and reflection Trinity with Souls in Moses and the Burning Bush questions, 212 Purgatory (18th century), 242 (18th century), 252 St. Francis de Sales on, 241 Giordano, Luca, The as God’s gift to us, 208 Annunciation (1672), 259

moral choices, significance human beings, creation of, Ingres, Jean Auguste of, 209–10 18–33 Dominique, The Virgin original state of holiness additional readings, 31–33 Adoring the Host (1852), 221 and justice, 19, 27–28, 36, crown jewel of creation, intellect, 20, 292 39–41, 147, 293 human beings as, 19 intercession/intercessory responding to, 205–6 focus and reflection prayer, 275 Sacraments, reception of, questions, 30 by Abraham, 251 205, 208 image and likeness of God, by angels, 12 truth about, 211 human beings made in, 19, defined, 96, 251, 275, 292 20, 22, 23, 29, 32, 205 Holy Communion. See of Jesus, 170, 171 Eucharist St. Josephine Bakhita and, by Moses, 252–53 Holy Orders, Sacrament of 25, 30 Rottmayr, Johan Michael, as male and female, 19, 21, discipleship in Christ and, Intercession of Charles 21–23, 22, 32–33 221 Borromeo supported by the holiness, call to, 208 original state of holiness Virgin Mary (1714), 276 and justice, 19, 27–28, 293 Poussin, Nicolas, The of saints, 113 paintings of, 9, 21, 24 Sacrament of Ordination for souls in Purgatory, 193, (Christ presenting the Keys as stewards of the earth 195 to St. Peter; ca. 1640), 110 with dominion over by Virgin Mary, 96, 173 Holy Saturday, 278 creation, 19, 20, 21–22, 291, 296 The Introduction to the Holy Spirit Devout Life (St. Francis de truth about, 29 Adam, creation of, 24, Sales, 1609), 241, 288–89 as unity of body and soul, 24–25 St. Irenaeus of Lyons, 10, 72, 19, 24–26 in baptism, 93, 112 80, 115, 192 unity of human race and, Creation, presence at, 8–9 Isaac, 57 42 living as temple of, 26, 185 St. Isaac Jogues, 225 as love between the Father Isaiah, 63, 66, 76, 101, 140–41 and the Son, 79 I Israel Pentecost, 170–71, 171, 295 Jacob renamed as, 57 remaining with us after image and likeness of God, kingdom of, 62, 293 Ascension, 170–71, 174 human beings made in, 19, people of, 57, 60, 61 at Transfiguration, 112 20, 22, 23, 29, 32, 205 Holy Trinity. See Trinity Immaculate Conception Honthorst, Gerard van, (freedom of Virgin Mary J Adoration of the Shepherds from Original Sin), 28, 44, 45, (ca. 1622), 74 72 Jacob/Israel, 57 hope, as theological virtue, immortality of the soul, 205 St. James, 94, 103, 110, 159, 297 187–88, 292 Incarnation, 48, 77–80, 85, Jesus Christ. See also Hornemann, Adolf, Reading 259, 292 Ascension of Jesus; Monk (1890), 260 Indians, American, 207, 225 discipleship in Christ; Jesus indulgences, 195, 292 Christ as promise fulfilled;

Paschal Mystery; public Incarnation, through, Image of God (General ministry of Jesus 77–80 Audience, 1979), 32–33 baptism of, 59, 76, 84, 89, life of St. John the Baptist Ecclesia de Eucharistia 91, 92, 92–93, 99, 112, 208 and, 76, 77 (papal encyclical, 2003), 128 Christ, defined, 74, 290 mystery of redemption, homily on baptism of Jesus Creation, presence at, 8–9 Jesus’s life as, 80–82 (2000), 99 eternal life in, 185 obedience of Jesus atoning images of, 40, 210 for our disobedience, 81–82 God’s plan for human life of, 40 happiness accomplished Old Testament Nov Millennio Ineunte through, 3 covenants and promises (apostolic letter, 2000), foreshadowing, 59–60 Incarnation of, 48, 77–80, 246–47 85, 259, 292 poverty of Jesus enriching Redemptoris Missio (papal our poverty, 80–81 intercession of, 170, 171 encyclical, 1990), 87, 115–16, preaching of Jesus, 82 178–79 as Logos (Word), 8, 77, 240, 261, 293 truth about, 83 Theology of the Body, 26, 40, 297 Love Commandments (Two Jesus of Nazareth (Benedict Great Commandments) of, XVI, 2007), 100 Veritatis Splendor (papal 79–80, 116, 217, 220, 297 Jews encyclical, 1993), 209 mystical union with, 205, expectations regarding St. John Vianney, 123 264 nature of Messiah, 137–38 Jonah, 159 as New Adam, 43, 94, 294 not responsible for Passion St. Joseph, 72–73, 73 prayer as communion with, and death of Jesus, 138–39 St. Josephine Bakhita, 25, 30 239–43 people of Israel, as chosen Jouvenet, Jean-Baptiste, The prayer, as model for, 224, people, 57, 60, 61 Raising of Lazarus (1706), 191 240–42, 249, 254–57 resurrection of the dead, Juan de Juanes, Christ the Jesus Christ as promise belief in, 191 Saviour (ca. 1550), 240 fulfilled, 70–87 Jogues, St. Isaac, 225 Judah, kingdom of, 62, 293 ancient prophecies fulfilled St. John (apostle), 94, 103, 110, Judas, 136, 138 by Jesus, 74–77 159, 198, 297 judges of Israel, 61, 292 Annunciation to Virgin St. John the Baptist, 76, 77, judgment Mary and Nativity, 72–73, 84, 92, 99, 106–7, 144, 258 general, final, or Last 91 John Chrysostom, 117 Judgment (at end of days), Christ, defined, 74, 290 St. John of the Cross, 247, 105, 183, 190, 291 compassion of Jesus, 82 278, 282, 287 particular (of individuals death and resurrection, St. John of Damascus, 15, 239 after death), 105, 190–92, through, 77, 82 St. John Paul II (pope) 294 focus and reflection Angelus (1986), 167 justification, 67, 161, 183, 184, questions, 84 canonization of, 40 196, 293 as fully God and fully By the Communion of St. Justin Martyr, 124, 165 human, 77, 217 Persons Man Becomes the

K Liturgy of the Eucharist, M 124–25 Liturgy of the Hours, 258, St. Kateri Tekakwitha, 207 293 Magisterium, listening to teaching of, 206 keys of the kingdom, 109–10, Liturgy of the Word, 258, 293 110, 293 Malachi, 77 “The Living Flame of Love” kingdom of God, Jesus (St. John of the Cross), 287 maleness and femaleness, 19, proclaiming, 103, 104–10, 21, 21–23, 22, 32–33, 38–39 Logos (Word), Jesus Christ as, 115–16, 293 8, 77, 240, 261, 293 Manuscrits autobiographiques kingdom of Israel, 62, 293 (St. Thérèse of Lisieux, 1898), López de Arteaga, Sebastián, 246 kingdom of Judah, 62, 293 The Betrothal of the Virgin kings of Israel, 62 (ca. 1640), 28 marriage Lord’s Prayer (Our Father), Cana, miracle of wedding at, 91, 94–96, 96, 108 L 254, 258, 271, 281–84, 285, 294 lost sheep, parable of, 105 as communion of human persons, 23 love covenantal union of God Lamb of God, 53, 60, 133, 140, defined, 290 144, 144–45, 148, 258, 293 with His people compared Deus Caritas Est (papal to, 96 Last Judgment, 105, 183, 190, encyclical, 2005), 231–33 291 discipleship in Christ and, discipleship in Christ and, 221 Last Supper, 119, 120, 120–21, 217, 218, 220–21, 224–27 122, 162 holiness, call to, 208 of enemies, 226–27 Lastman, Pieter St. Mary Magdalene, 156, 158, of God for us, 64, 79, 116, 160 Abraham and the Three 224–26 Angels (1623), 11 Mass holiness and, 205 Hagar and the Angel (1614), Liturgy of the Eucharist, Jesus’s Love 12 124–25 Commandments (Two Liturgy of the Word, 258, Lateran Council IV (1215), 17 Great Commandments), 293 the Law, 50, 57 79–80, 116, 217, 220, 297 petitionary prayers in, 274 Lazarus, 158, 191 prayer as falling in love, praying the Scriptures in, lectio divina, 260, 264, 293 239 258 Leo XIII (pope), 146 as theological virtue, 188–90, 290 Sunday Mass attendance, Leonardo da Vinci 257 Trinity as, 189–90 The Last Supper (ca. 1498), Massacre of the Innocents, 73 120 Lucernarium, 89 Mazzolino, Ludovico, Christ Lumen Gentium (Dogmatic Salvator Mundi (ca. 1500), before Pilate (ca. 1525), 137 283 Constitution on the Church, 1964), 214, 222 meat, eating, 55 leprosy, 111 Luminous Mysteries, 125, 297 meditation, 262–64, 288, 289, Leys, Jan August Hendrick, 293 The Trental Mass de Haze Memling, Hans, The (1854), 274 Resurrection (ca. 1480), 125

mental prayer, 262–64, N Original Sin, 34–49 288–89 additional readings, 48–49 Messiah, defined,54, 293. baptism removing, 205 See also promise of Savior/ Naomi, 58 consequences of, 39–43, Messiah Native Americans, 207, 225 42, 142, 147 Metsu, Gabriël, Crucifixion Nativity of Jesus, 73, 91 death introduced by, 41, (ca. 1665), 226 nephesh, 24, 26, 294 142, 190 Michelangelo, The Creation New Adam, Jesus Christ as, defined, 41, 294 of Adam (1510), 24 43, 94, 294 Domenichino, The Rebuke miracles of Jesus New Covenant, 59–60, 120, of Adam and Eve (1626), 39 blind, healing of, 107, 117 121, 133, 162, 294 equal culpability of Adam Cana, wedding at, 91, New Eve, Virgin Mary as, 10, and Eve, 38–39 94–96, 96, 108 44–45, 72–73, 294 in Exultet hymn, 46 Devil, defeat of, 109 Newman, John Henry, 198–99 focus and reflection different reactions to, 108 Nicene Creed, 11, 77, 161, 184, questions, 47 191, 294 Irenaeus of Lyons on, 115 historicity of, 36 Nicodemus, 121–22 Lazarus, raising of, 158, 191 life of St. John Paul II and, paralyzed man, healing of, Noah, 45, 54–56, 55, 59–60, 40 65, 251 108, 108–9 obedience of Jesus atoning as signs of the kingdom of Novo Millennio Ineunte for our disobedience, 81–82 (apostolic letter, 2000), God, 106–9 as religious truth, 36 246–47 Thomas Aquinas on, 117 Savior, promise of, 43–45, truth about, 113 147 types of, 107 O tempter, temptation, and missionary mandate, 178–79 tempting, 36–39 tree of knowledge of good moral choices, significance obedience of, 209–10 and evil, 27, 36–39 as evangelical counsel, 224, truth about, 46 moral virtues, 183, 185–86, 291 223, 293 Virgin Mary’s freedom of Jesus, atoning for our from (Immaculate mortal sin, 195, 203 disobedience, 81–82 Conception), 28, 44, 45, 72 Moses, 57–59, 60, 65, 110, 112, Old Testament, 53, 54, West, Benjamin, The 249, 250, 252–53, 297 250–54. See also promise of Expulsion of Adam and Eve St. Moses the Black, 95 Savior/Messiah from Paradise, 6 Murillo, Bartholomew On Christian Doctrine (St. original state of holiness and Esteban, The Marriage Feast Augustine), 176 justice, 19, 27–28, 36, 39–41, at Cana (ca. 1672), 96 On the Incarnation of the 147, 293 mustard seed, parable of, Word (Athanasius), 48, 85 Our Father (Lord’s Prayer), 105–6 Ordination. See Holy Orders, 254, 258, 271, 281–84, 285, 294 mystical union with Christ, Sacrament of 205, 264

P Old Testament covenants ransoming or redemption foreshadowing New of humanity by, 142–43, 295 Covenant of, 59–60 redemptive power of, 135, Palma il Giovane, The as perfect act of worship, 141, 141–45 Conversion of St. Paul (ca. 221 responsibility of all sinners 1595), 219 purpose of, 183, 184 for, 135, 138–39, 148 papacy/pope, 110, 295 redemption through, 133 Seven Last Words from the parables of Jesus Sacraments, our Cross, 135 defined, 105, 294 participation in mystery of truth about, 149 glossary of CCC on, 106 redemption through, 162, Passover, 57, 60, 77, 119, 120, Good Samaritan, 224, 232 192, 221 140, 145, 162, 295 hidden treasure, 106 Transfiguration as St. Paul preparation for, 110, 112 kingdom of God conversion of, 219 Passion and death of Jesus, proclaimed through, 105–6 on Creation, 32, 42, 43–44 134–53 lost sheep, 105 on discipleship in Christ, additional reading, 151–53 mustard seed, 105–6 188, 198, 223, 228 Agony in the Garden, 136, pearl of great price, 106 on Paschal Mystery, 133, 228, 229, 255–56 Prodigal Son, 105 145, 157, 162, 167 arrest and trial, 136–38 sower, 106 on prayer, 281 betrayal by Judas, 136, 138 Talents, 105, 227 on public ministry of Jesus, Crucifixion, 81, 104, 120, 135, weeds among the wheat, 87, 97 139, 142, 189, 226, 256 106 Peale, Charles Wilson, Noah as final and definitive paralyzed man, healing of, and His Ark (1819), 55 sacrifice, 135, 143–45, 162 108, 108–9 pearl of great price, parable focus and reflection particular judgment, 105, of, 106 questions, 150 190–92, 294 Pelagius II (pope), 172 God the Father allowing, Paschal lamb, 140, 294 Penance, Sacrament of, 208, 147–48 Paschal Mystery (Passion, 221, 296 Isaiah’s suffering servant death, and resurrection of Pentecost, 170–71, 171, 295 prophecy and, 140–41, 223 Jesus). See also Passion and people of Israel, 57, 60, 61 love of Jesus for us death of Jesus; resurrection perfectibility, 196, 204 of Jesus displayed in, 188–89 St. Perpetua, 194 defined, 59, 295 our participation in Christ’s sacrifice, 145, 146, St. Peter, 94, 103, 109–10, 122, Easter Vigil service and, 89 192 136, 159, 262, 279, 297 Eucharist and, 119, 121, 122, promise of Savior/Messiah, petition, as form of prayer, 162, 222 Jesus as fulfillment of, 77, 273–75, 295 foretold by Jesus, 110 82 Pharisees, 191, 295 Isaiah prophesying, 63 public ministry of Jesus Pius IX (pope), 17 kingdom of God and, 104, 109, 112, 125, 133 polytheism, 7, 295 accomplished through, 104 purpose of, 183, 184 Pontius Pilate, 137, 137–38, moral implications of, 181 148, 149

pope/papacy, 110, 295 Eucharist and, 257, 277 trust in, 280–81 Poussin, Nicolas, The expressions or means of, truth about, 244, 265, 285 Sacrament of Ordination 261–64 vocal prayer, 261, 289 (Christ presenting the Keys to as falling in love, 239 preaching of Jesus, 82 St. Peter; ca. 1640), 110 focus and reflection presumption, 279, 295 poverty and the poor questions, 245, 266, 286 Prodigal Son, parable of, 105 evangelical counsels forms or types of, 271–77 (poverty, chastity, and promise of Savior/Messiah, Hail Mary, 258–59 obedience), 224, 291 52–69. See also covenants; holiness, responding to call Jesus Christ as promise kingdom of God belonging to, 206 fulfilled to, 105 as intimate relationship to Abram/Abraham, 56–57, poverty of Jesus enriching with God, 244 60, 65 our poverty, 80–81 Jesus as model for, 224, additional reading, 67–69 praise, prayers of, 276–77, 295 240–42, 249, 254–57 after Original Sin and fall prayer, 235–89. See also St. John Vianney and, 123 of humans, 43–45, 147 intercession/intercessory prayer lectio divina, 260, 264, 293 Babylonian exile, 62 additional reading, 246–47, living life as, 256–57, 265 expectations regarding 267–69, 287–89 meditation, 262–64, 288, nature of, 137–38 adoration, 272, 290 289, 293 focus and reflection questions, 65–66 Agony in the Garden, 136, mental prayer, 262–64, 228, 229, 255–56 288–89 judges, time of, 61, 292 Angelus, 258–59, 290 in Old Testament, 250–54 kings, time of, 62 asking wrongly in, 280, 285 Our Father (Lord’s Prayer), life of Ruth and, 58, 66 254, 258, 271, 281–84, 285, blessing, 272, 290 Messiah, defined, 54, 293 294 call of every person to, Moses, Exodus, and petition, 273–75, 295 237–39 Passover, 57–59, 60, 65 praise, prayers of, 276–77, challenges and difficulties New Covenant/Paschal 295 of, 271, 277–79 Mystery, promises private, 254, 258–59 foreshadowing, 59–60 in Church, 257, 258 public, 254, 258 to Noah, 45, 54–56, 55, as communion with Jesus, 59–60, 65 239–43 purposes of, 271 to people of Israel, 57, 60, contemplation, 260, 264, Rosary, 125, 135, 258, 259, 61 291 260, 289, 296, 297 Promised Land, Israel’s defined, 239, 244 Scripture as guide to/ source of, 249, 250–60 entry into, 61 Didache, prayer after prophets, time of, 62–63 Communion, 129 simplicity in, 254–55 truth about, 64 discipleship in Christ and, spiritual dryness, dealing 217, 222–24 with, 278 Promised Land, 61, 295 distraction, dealing with, temptation during, 278–79 prophets in Israel, 62–63, 253 277 thanksgiving, prayers of, Protestant Reformation, 241 275–76

protoevangelium, 43, 295 reason, human power of, 20, significance of, 155, 159–61, Provoost, Jan, Crucifixion (ca. 205–6, 211, 296 162, 163 1505), 142 Reconciliation (Penance), on third day, 155, 156 Psalms, as book of hymns Sacrament of, 208, 221, 296 as transcendent event, 155, and prayers, 254 redemption. See salvation 158–59, 163 public ministry of Jesus, Redemptoris Missio (papal truth about, 163 90–131. See also Eucharist; encyclical, 1990), 87, 115–16, resurrection of the dead, 26, miracles of Jesus; parables of 178–79 105, 121, 158, 161, 165, 191–92, Jesus “Reflections on the 296 additional reading, 99–101, Ascension of Our Lord” Ribera, Jusepe de, The 115–17 (Benedict XVI, 2005), 177 Immaculate Conception apostles, calling of, 103, Reformation, 241 (1635), 44 109–10 Restout, Jean II, Pentecost Ricci, Sebastiano, The baptism of Jesus, beginning (1732), 171 Resurrection (ca. 1715), 157 with, 91, 92, 92–93, 99 The Resurrection of Christ St. Rita of Cascia, 146 Cana, wedding at, 91, Proves the Body Rises (Justin St. Robert Bellarmine, 130–31 94–96, 96, 108 Martyr), 165 Rosary, 125, 135, 258, 259, focus and reflection resurrection of Jesus, 154–67 260, 289, 296, 297 questions, 98, 114 descent into Hell Rottmayr, Johan Michael, kingdom of God, (harrowing of Hell), 78, 155, Intercession of Charles proclaiming, 103, 104–10, 156 Borromeo supported by the 115–16, 293 focus and reflection Virgin Mary (1714), 276 preaching in synagogue in questions, 164 ruah, 24, 296 Nazareth, 101 as historical event, 155, Rubens, Peter Paul on signs of the kingdom, 156–58, 163 Daniel in the Lion’s Den (ca. 106–9 St. Mary Magdalene and, 1615), 280 temptation of Jesus in the 156, 158, 160 Saint Teresa of Ávila desert, 91, 93–94, 97, 100 Original Sin and, 42 Interceding for Souls in Transfiguration, 103, 110–12, our resurrection from the Purgatory (17th century), 112, 159, 297 dead and, 191–92 193 truth about, 97, 113 paintings of, 125, 157, 161, The Transfiguration of Purgatory, 183, 190, 193–95, 184 Christ (1605), 112 242, 295 promise of Savior/Messiah, Ruth, 58, 66 Jesus as fulfillment of, 42, R 77, 82 public ministry of Jesus S and, 109, 112, 125 ransom, defined, 142, 295 purpose of, 183, 184 Sacraments. See also rational faculties, 20, 296 Sacraments, our baptism; Eucharist; Holy Real Presence, 121–22, 126, participation in mystery of Orders, Sacrament of; 240 redemption through, 162, marriage 192 Anointing of the Sick, 221

Confirmation, 208, 221 Sacraments, our Sesto, Cesare da, Madonna discipleship in Christ and, participation in mystery of and Child with the Lamb of 217, 221–22 redemption through, 162 God (ca. 1515), 144 holiness, call to, 205, 208 Salvation History, 53, 54, Severus (Roman emperor), 69, 83, 296 194 mystical union with Christ through, 205 through Paschal Mystery, sexuality 133, 183, 184 our participation in chastity, concept of, 23, 73, mystery of redemption Samuel, 62, 213 224, 291 through, 162, 192, 221 sanctifying grace, 221, 296 St. John Paul I’s Theology of Penance/Reconciliation, Sarah, 57 the Body and, 26, 40, 297 208, 221, 296 Sargent, John Singer, Gassed Sheol, 156, 296 prayer and, 257 (1918), 42 Sign of the Cross, 272 Sacred Scriptures. See Satan. See Devil signs of the kingdom of God, Scriptures Saul, 62 106–9 sacrifice Scriptures sin defined, 54, 296 defined as God’s revelation acedia, 279, 290 discipleship in Christ of himself, 6, 296 concupiscence or entailing suffering and, 217, formation of conscience tendency toward, 43, 205, 223, 225, 227, 228, 229 and reading of, 206 291 our participation in Genesis, defined, 6 death and resurrection of Christ’s sacrifice, 145, 146, Jesus delivering us from, Gospels’ recognition of 192 183, 184 Jesus Christ as promise Passion and death of Jesus fulfilled, 72–73 Hell as consequence of, as final and definitive 183, 195 lectio divina, 260, 264, 293 sacrifice, 135, 143–45, 162 Jesus calling sinners to meditation on, 262–64 saints kingdom of God and Old Testament, 53, 54, holiness, call to, 204, 208 forgiveness of, 105 250–54 (See also promise of mortal sin, 195, 203 intercession of, 113 Savior/Messiah) Original Sin distinguished Sales, St. Francis de, 241, prayer, as guide to/source from personal sin, 42 (See 288–89 of, 249, 250–60 also Original Sin) salvation. See also Jesus Second Vatican Council Passion and death of Jesus, Christ as promise fulfilled; (1963-1965). See Vatican responsibility of all sinners promise of Savior/Messiah Council II for, 135, 138–39, 148 definitions of redemption Seghers, Gerard, presumption, 279, 295 and ransom, 142, 295, 296 Resurrection of Christ (ca. mystery of redemption, 1620), 184 proliferation of, 45 Jesus’s life as, 80–82 Sermon on the Mount, 79, spiritual combat against, 97 Passion and death of Jesus, 273, 296 venial sin, 195, 297 redemptive power of, 135, serpent in Garden of Eden, slaves and slavery, 25 141, 141–45 36–39 Solomon, 62, 253 Son of God

Creation and fall, 8, 31 discipleship in Christ Theology of the Body (St. John discipleship in Christ and, entailing sacrifice and, 217, Paul II), 26, 40, 297 181, 218, 228 223, 225, 227, 228, 229 theosis (divinization), 80 Incarnation of, 78, 80, 85, God the Father allowing Theotokos, 72 Jesus’s suffering, 147–48 292 St. Thérèse of Lisieux, 246, Passion, death, and suffering servant prophecy, 267 140–41, 223 resurrection of, 136–37, St. Thomas (apostle), 158, 174 139, 142, 145, 147, 155, 159, weakness versus strength St. Thomas Aquinas, 117, 163, 178 in, 228 200–201, 285 prayer and, 240, 259 Summa Theologiae (Thomas Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista, Aquinas), 117 promise of Savior/Messiah, Christ in the Garden of Jesus as fulfillment of, 72, Sunday Mass attendance, 257 Gethsemane (ca. 1753), 255 77, 78, 80, 82 Tintoretto, Jacopo public ministry of Jesus Crucifixion (1565), 104 and, 92, 93, 99, 108–10, 115 T The Last Supper (16th significance of phrase in century), 122 Salvation History, 136–37 Tabernacle, 253, 296 Tower of Babel, 45, 56 Son of Man, 16, 80, 121, 136, Talents, parable of, 105, 227 159, 161, 169, 170 Transfiguration, 103, 110–12, Tekakwitha, St. Kateri, 207 112, 159, 297 Sorrowful Mysteries, 135 Temple, Jerusalem, 62, 253, tree of knowledge of good soul 297 and evil, 27, 36–39 defined, 26, 296 temptation Trent, Council of (1547), 67 human beings as unity of of Adam and Eve in Garden Trinity body and, 19, 24–26 of Eden, 36–39 at baptism of Jesus, 112 immortality of, 205 defined, 297 communion of persons sower, parable of, 106 of Jesus in the desert, 91, and, 23, 290 spiritual combat, 97 93–94, 97, 100 Creation, presence at, 8–9 spiritual dryness, 246, 278, Our Father/Lord’s Prayer defined, 8 282 on, 284 holiness, call to, 205 Stefano di Giovanni, The in prayer, 278–79 images of, 15, 147, 242 Betrayal of Christ (1437), 138 Ten Commandments as love, 189–90 stewards of the earth, human (Decalogue), 57, 291 at Transfiguration, 112 beings as, 19, 20, 296 St. Teresa of Ávila, 193, 247, The Story of a Soul (St. 265, 278, 282 trust in prayer, 280–81 Thérèse of Lisieux, 1898), 267 Tertullian, 284 Two Great Commandments (Love Commandments), The Stromata (Clement of thanksgiving, prayers of, 79–80, 116, 217, 220, 297 Alexandria), 215 275–76 types/typology, 59–60, 173, suffering theological virtues, 183, 297 Agony in the Garden, 136, 185–90, 196, 290, 291, 292, 297 228, 229, 255–56 theology, 257, 297 U

Undoer of Knots, Virgin Vianney, St. John, 123 von Valckenborch, Marten, Mary as, 10, 82 Virgin Mary The Tower of Babel (ca. 1600), 56 Urban VIII (pope), 225 Annunciation to, 12, 71, 72–73, 258–59, 259 Vos, Maerten de, The Incredulity of Thomas (1574), Assumption of, 173, 175, 290 V 158 Cana, miracle of wedding Vouet, Simon, Saint Cecilia at, 91, 94–96 (ca. 1626), 204 Valckenborch, Marten von, Hail Mary and Angelus The Tower of Babel (ca. 1600), prayers, 258–59, 290, 292 56 Immaculate Conception W van Honthorst, Gerard, of (freedom from Original Adoration of the Shepherds Sin), 28, 44, 45, 72 (ca. 1622), 74 “Waiting for Christ” (John intercession by, 96, 173 Vatican Council I (1869-1870), Henry Newman, 1890), as New Eve, 10, 44–45, 17 198–99 72–73, 294 Vatican Council II (1962-1965) The Way of Perfection (St. paintings of, 28, 44, 221, Teresa of Ávila, 1577), 268–69 Dei Verbum (Dogmatic 259, 276 Constitution on Divine weeds among the wheat, participation in sacrifice of Revelation, 1965), 68–69, parable of, 106 Christ, 145 187 West, Benjamin at Pentecost, 170–71, 171, Gaudium et Spes (Pastoral The Expulsion of Adam and 295 Constitution on the Eve from Paradise (1738- perpetual virginity of, 73 Church in the Modern 1820), 6 as Theotokos, 72 World, 1965), 31, 49 Joshua Passing the River Lumen Gentium (Dogmatic as type of the Church, 173 Jordan with the Ark of the Constitution on the as Undoer of Knots, 10, 82 Covenant (1800), 61 Church, 1964), 214, 222 virtues. See also specific Why God Became Man (St. venial sin, 195, 297 virtues, e.g. fortitude Anselm of Canterbury), Veritatis Splendor (papal defined, 183, 185, 297 152–53 encyclical, 1993), 209 focus and reflection Wojtyla, Karol. See John Paul Vermeyen, Jan Cornelisz, The questions, 197 II Holy Trinity (16th century), moral, 183, 185–86, 223, 293 147 theological, 183, 185–90, Z Veronese, Paolo 196, 290, 291, 292, 297 The Baptism of Christ (ca. truth about, 196 1555), 92 Zachariah, 76 vocal prayer, 261, 289 The Resurrection of Christ vocation, 23, 206, 208, 297 (ca. 1570), 161