The Wisconsin Physicist Department of Physics 1150 University Avenue Madison, WI 53706 Tel: 608.262.4526 Email:
[email protected] Web: www.physics.wisc.edu Vol. 19 Fall 2014 University of Wisconsin Department of Physics 1150 University Avenue Madison, WI 53706 Tel: 608.262.4526 Fax: 608.262.3077 Email:
[email protected] Web: www.physics.wisc.edu On the Cover The IceCube Lab in March, 2013. Apart from the U.S. flag, the flags from Chile and the Philippines were flying at the Pole in honor of the home countries of the 2012-2013 IceCube winterovers. Image: IceCube Collaboration. The IceCube project was awarded the 2013 Breakthrough of the Year by the British magazine Physics World. The Antarctic observatory was selected for making the first observation of cosmic neutrinos, but also for overcoming the many challenges of creating and operating a colossal detector deep under the ice at the South Pole. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory was completed in December 2010, after seven years of construction at the South Pole. But the idea of a huge detector buried in the ice was conceived a long time ago. Back in the 1990s, the AMANDA detector was built as a proof of concept for IceCube. By January 2005, the first sensors of IceCube had already reached 2,450 meters below the Antarctic ice sheet. IceCube is comprised of 5,160 digital optical modules suspended along 86 strings (cables) embedded in a cubic kilometer of ice beneath the South Pole. It detects neutrinos through the tiny flashes of blue light, called Cherenkov light, produced when neutrinos interact in the ice.