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Pdf/77/5/1661/2920758/Gsminmag.77.5.13-M.Pdf by Guest on 01 October 2021 1662 Goldschmidt2013 Conference Abstracts Goldschmidt2013 Conference Abstracts 1661 Nanomineralogy of gemstones: From Granite compositions: Source vs. genesis to discovery process, revisited. An isotopic CHI MA* AND GEORGE R. ROSSMAN traverse across SE Australia Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California ROLAND MAAS1 AND IAN NICHOLLS2 Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. 1 School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia, *Email: [email protected] [email protected] 2 School of Geosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Nanomineralogy is the study of Earth and planetary Australia materials at nanoscales, focused on characterizing nanofeatures (like inclusions, exsolution, zonation, coatings, Granite compositions are determined by source characteristics, pores) in minerals and rocks, and revealing nanominerals and by details of melting, melt extraction and transport through the nanoparticles [1]. With advanced high-resolution analytical crust, by magma mixing and assimilation at various scales and scanning electron microscope, we are now capable to depths, and by magma chamber processes. The importance of characterize solid materials easier and faster down to each factor is often difficult to ascertain. We examine this nanometer-scales. During our nanomineralogy investigation of issue using Sr-Nd-O isotope data for 430-370 Ma granites gemstones, nanofeatures are being discovered in many across the Paleozoic Lachlan Orogen (LO), SE Australia. commom gems, which cause color and other optical effects, S-types granites in the eastern LO show strong isotopic and provide clues to genesis. Presented here are a few colorful links with Lower Paleozoic low-! meta-turbidites which projects demonstrating how nanomineralogy works and plays Nd dominate the mid crust. Further west, geophysical data suggest a unique role in gemstone and geomaterial research. the presence of a greenstone-dominated, lower/mid-crustal Rose quartz contains nanofibers of a dumortierite-related Neoproterozoic block with a thickness of 25 km above Moho, phase that is pink, which is the true cause of rose color and the Selwyn Block. S-type granites in this area have higher !Nd, optical star effects [2,3]. Sub-micrometer inclusions of 18 87 86 " O and lower Sr/ Sr than those in the eastern LO, and ilmenite are the cause of color in blue quartz. links to the meta-turbidites – present above the block – are Why is obsidian black? Because most obsidians contain weak. In the far western LO where the mid crust comprises nanoinclusions of magnetite. ‘Fire’ obsidian, a variety of thick, imbricated Cambrian metabasalts overlain by meta- obsidian from Oregon, has thin layers showing varous colors. turbidites, S-types show the widest isotopic range (! -2 to - The layers, 300 to 700 nm thick, consist of concentrated Nd 9), consistent with links to both metabasalts and turbidites. nanocrystals of magnetite, giving rise to brilliant colors in I-type granites in the eastern LO show strong Sr-Nd isotope reflection due to thin-film interference [4]. Whereas ‘rainbow’ covariation; their large range in ! (+6 to -8) could reflect obsidian from Mexico contains oriented nanorods of Nd source rock heterogeneity (e.g. Cambrian greenstones hedenbergite, which cause the rainbow effects via thin-film underlying the meta-turbidites have a similar isotopic range), interference [5]. syn-magmatic mixing (crustal assimilation), or both. I-types in During a study of benitoite, the state gemstone of the western part of the orogen are isotopically diverse, with California, new mineral barioperovskite (BaTiO ) and two 3 distinct trends in Sr-Nd-O isotope plots in the various more new barium titanate minerals BaTi O and BaTi O were 2 5 3 7 structural zones, but links to known lower crustal features discovered to occur in a tubular inclusion within one benitoite appear to be weaker than for the S-types. crystal [6]. The data from this example suggest that heterogeneity in source (isotopic) compositions is transferred to S-type [1] Ma (2008) Eos Trans. AGU, 89, abs MR12A-01. granite/volcanic compositions with little disturbance by post- [2] Goreva et al. (2001) American Mineralogist, 86, 466-472. melting processes, at least at an orogen-wide scale. I-type [3] Ma et al. (2002) American Mineralogist, 87, 269-276. petrogenesis appears to be more complex and probably [4] Ma et al. (2007) Canadian Mineralogist, 45, 551-557. involves mixing processes (mixed sources, syn-magmatic [5] Ma et al. (2001) Canadian Mineralogist, 39, 57-71. mixing). [6] Ma and Rossman (2008) American Mineralogist, 93, 154- 157. www.minersoc.org DOI:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.5.13 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/minmag/article-pdf/77/5/1661/2920758/gsminmag.77.5.13-M.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 1662 Goldschmidt2013 Conference Abstracts Temporal variations of atmospheric Application of clumped isotope helium isotopes thermometry to subsurface dolostone J.C. MABRY1*, T.F. LAN1, P. BURNARD1 AND B. MARTY1 samples 1CRPG-CNRS, 54501 Nancy, France (*correspondence: J. M. MACDONALD1*, C. M. JOHN1 AND J. P. GIRARD2 [email protected]) 1Carbonate Research, Dept. Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ (*correspondence: The isotopic composition of the atmosphere (3He/4He = [email protected]; 1.382±0.005 x 10-6) is distinctly different from crustal helium 3 4 -8 [email protected]) ( He/ He ~10 ). Several authors [e.g. 1, 2, 3] have proposed 2 TOTAL, CSTJF, Ave Larribau, 64018 Pau (jean- that the amount of excess crustal helium entering the [email protected]) atmosphere due to modern fossil fuel extraction may be enough to upset the balance of the helium composition in the Platform carbonates are a major hydrocarbon reservoir atmosphere on a timescale short enough to detect with modern setting, and are often dolomitized. An important parameter in measurement techniques. Previous attempts failed to detect characterising these reservoirs is the palaeotemperature of the variations beyond the measurement precision [3, 4]. However, various carbonate phases during burial diagenesis. Clumped recent measurements by [5] from the Cape Grim Air Archive isotope analysis of CO from acid digestion of carbonate (CGAA) found a decrease of the atmospheric 3He/4He of 0.23- 2 phases may offer the best route to accurately and precisely 0.30‰ per year over the period 1978 to 2011. We will attempt determining this temperature. We apply the clumped isotope to replicate these results using a high-precision helium isotope palaeothermometer to natural dolostone samples from the measurement system we have devised. Northern Marion Platform (NMP, offshore NE Australia) and Air samples are collected in copper tubes which are sealed to dolostone samples from other subsurface locations. with steel clamps. Each sample is approximately 15-20 cm3 of Initially, five dolostone samples from the NMP collected air which is purified all at once and then measured in 11 between ~100-160 metres below sea floor (mbsf) were standard-bracketed aliquots. The amount of helium in each analysed. Petrographic analysis revealed that these samples sample aliquot is matched to the amount in an aliquot of the were all pervasively dolomitized: planar-s to planar-e dolomite standard to minimize pressure effects. Measurements are made forms 100% of the modal mineralogy. Initial clumped isotope on a Thermo Helix Split Flight Tube (SFT) multi-collector analysis (triplicate analyses; reaction at 90°C for 45mins; acid noble gas mass spectrometer. With this system we have a and non-linearity corrections applied; data transferred to long-term reproducibility of sample air of 0.05% (2!). universal reference frame [1]) yielded temperatures of 22 °C Our initial measurements of the 3He/4He in CGAA to 31 °C using the calibration of Ghosh et al. [2]. samples do not reproduce the results of [5]. They are As a second step, we analysed samples from subsurface consistant with no change in the helium composition over time wells where independent constraints using fluid inclusion with an upper limit (2!) of 0.16‰ per year decrease in thermometry exist. By testing clumped isotope thermometry 3He/4He. We will make further measurements of the CGAA on these well-constrained natural reservoir samples, we hope samples. to show that clumped isotope thermometry is an ideal Sample R /R (2!) # analyses air std technique to determine burial temperatures in carbonate CGAA 1978 1.0402 (0.0027) 3 reservoir rocks, as it overcomes some of the problems inherent CGAA 1979 1.0386 (0.0010) 7 in fluid inclusion and conventional "18O thermometry. CGAA 2008 1.0387 (0.0004) 4 CGAA 2011 1.0389 (0.0014) 4 [1] Dennis et al. (2011) Geochim. Cosochim, Acta 75, 7117– 7131. [2] Ghosh et al. (2006) Geochim. Cosochim, Acta 70, [1] Oliver et al. (1984) GCA 48, 1759-1767. [2] Pierson- 1439–1456. Wickman et al. (2001) EPSL 194, 165-175. [3] Sano et al. (2010) GCA 74, 4893-4901. [4] Lupton and Evans (2004) GRL 31, L13101. [5] Brennwald et al. (2013) EPSL 366, 27- 37. www.minersoc.org DOI:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.5.13 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/minmag/article-pdf/77/5/1661/2920758/gsminmag.77.5.13-M.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 Goldschmidt2013 Conference Abstracts 1663 Hot CD-MUSIC Geochemical variations of basalts M. L. MACHESKY1*, D. J. WESOLOWSKI2, M. K. from petit-spot volcanoes in the RIDLEY3, M. P#EDOTA4, Z. ZHANG5, P. A. FENTER5 northwestern Pacific AND J. D. KUBICKI6 1, 2 3 2 4 1 S. MACHIDA *, N. HIRANO , Y. KATO , A. TAMURA Univ. of Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign IL, AND S. ARAI4 USA, (*correspondence: [email protected] ) 2Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA 1 School Creative Sci. Engineer., Waseda Univ., Tokyo 169- ([email protected]) 8555, Japan (*correspondence: [email protected]) 3Texas Tech Univ., Dept. of Geosciences, Lubbock, TX, USA, 2 School of Engineer., Univ.
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