DOCSLIB.ORG

White Paper June 1, 2015

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
White Paper June 1, 2015 Seeding the Ground Promoting Community Empowerment in Cambodia Stanford International Human Rights and Conflict Resolution Clinic http://humanrightsclinic.law.stanford.edu/project/seeding-the-ground/ June | 2015 Seeding the Ground Promoting Community Empowerment in Cambodia White Paper June 1, 2015 Stanford International Human Rights and Conflict Resolution Clinic Contact: Stephan Sonnenberg, Clinical Supervising Attorney, [email protected] Keywords: activism, organization, civil society, land disputes, labor, international development, donors, aid, human rights, governance, mobilization, grassroots Suggested Citation: INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION CLINIC AT STANFORD LAW SCHOOL, SEEDING THE GROUND: PROMOTING COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN CAMBODIA (2015). © 2015 International Human Rights and Conflict Resolution Clinic, Mills Legal Clinic, Stanford Law School All rights reserved. Table of Contents Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Methodology ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Theoretical Background ....................................................................................................................... 7 A Theory of Community Mobilization and Empowerment .......................................................................................................... 7 International Support for Mobilization, Civil Society, and Political Activities ..................................................................... 9 Mobilization in Cambodia .................................................................................................................. 13 Land Disputes and Land Rights Activism .......................................................................................................................................... 13 Labor Disputes and Labor Rights Activism ...................................................................................................................................... 18 Political Protest in Cambodia Today ................................................................................................................................................... 19 Examples of Successful Community Mobilization Efforts in Cambodia ................................................ 20 Mobilizing Urban Communities ............................................................................................................................................................ 20 Borei Keila Community .............................................................................................................................................................................. 22 Wat Damnak Community ......................................................................................................................................................................... 25 Worker’s Information Center (WIC) .................................................................................................................................................... 26 Mobilizing Rural Communities .............................................................................................................................................................. 29 Kampong Speu Province: Omlaing Commune ................................................................................................................................. 31 Prey Lang Community Network ............................................................................................................................................................. 33 Network of Siem Reap Communities .................................................................................................................................................... 36 Bridging the Divides ................................................................................................................................................................................... 39 The Cambodian Grassroots Cross Sector Network ........................................................................................................................ 40 Findings ............................................................................................................................................. 43 Fostering Communities’ Agency to Mobilize ................................................................................................................................... 43 Lessons for Communities: Bringing People Together ................................................................................................................... 43 Building Group Cohesion Through Accountability ........................................................................................................... 43 Flexible Techniques ........................................................................................................................................................................ 44 Strength in Numbers ...................................................................................................................................................................... 45 Experience Fosters Wide-Reaching Empowerment ......................................................................................................... 46 Lessons for Funders: Partnership not Clientelism .......................................................................................................................... 47 Community Goals, Not Funder Goals ....................................................................................................................................... 47 Hierarchical vs. “Side-by-Side” Relationships ..................................................................................................................... 48 Aid Is Useful for Community Empowerment ....................................................................................................................... 49 Creating Opportunity Structures for Community Mobilization .............................................................................................. 50 Recommendations to the Royal Government of Cambodia ........................................................................................................ 51 Ending Aid Dependency ................................................................................................................................................................ 51 Incentivizing Pro-Poor Development ..................................................................................................................................... 52 Building the Bureaucratic Capacity to Remedy Rights Violations .............................................................................. 53 Tackling Corruption ........................................................................................................................................................................ 53 Recommendations to Donors (including International NGOs supporting local counterparts) ................................. 54 Adaptability ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 54 Accountability: A Two Way Street ............................................................................................................................................ 56 Sustainability ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 59 Planning for an Exit ......................................................................................................................................................................... 59 i Acronyms ADHOC Cambodian Human Rights and Development Association APSARA Authority for the Protection and Management of Angkor and the Region of Siem Reap ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations BKL Boeung Kak Lake community CGCSN Cambodian Grassroots Cross-Sector Network CLEC Community Legal Education Center CNRP Cambodia National Rescue Party CPP Cambodian People’s Party DFAT Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade EWI EastWest Institute IFIs International Finance Institutions INGOs International NGOs LICADHO The Cambodian League for the Promotion and Defense of Human Rights LMAP Land Management and Administration Project MIFIs Multilateral International Finance Institutions NGO Non-governmental organization Oxfam HK Oxfam Hong Kong PAC People's Action for Change PLCN Prey Lang Community Network RfP Request for proposals RGC Royal Government of Cambodia SADP Southeast Asia Development Program USAID US Agency for International Development WAC Womyn's Agenda for Change (precursor to WIC) WIC Worker's Information Center i Acknowledgments This report is the result of a two-year research effort by the International Human Rights and Conflict Resolution Clinic of Stanford Law School (Stanford Clinic). Clinical Lecturer Stephan Sonnenberg led the Stanford
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Land Management and Administration Project
    Report No. 58016-KH Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Investigation Report Cambodia: Land Management and Public Disclosure Authorized Administration Project (Credit No. 3650 - KH) November 23, 2010 Public Disclosure Authorized About the Panel The Inspection Panel was created in September 1993 by the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank to serve as an independent mechanism to ensure accountability in Bank operations with respect to its policies and procedures. The Inspection Panel is an instrument for groups of two or more private citizens who believe that they or their interests have been or could be harmed by Bank-financed activities to present their concerns through a Request for Inspection. In short, the Panel provides a link between the Bank and the people who are likely to be affected by the projects it finances. Members of the Panel are selected “on the basis of their ability to deal thoroughly and fairly with the request brought to them, their integrity and their independence from the Bank’s Management, and their exposure to developmental issues and to living conditions in developing countries.”1 The three-member Panel is empowered, subject to Board approval, to investigate problems that are alleged to have arisen as a result of the Bank having failed to comply with its own operating policies and procedures. The Panel’s work embraces the fundamental principles of independence, integrity, and impartiality. These cornerstone principles enable the Panel to respond to the issues raised and to provide technically sound, independent assessments to the Bank’s Board. Processing Requests After the Panel receives a Request for Inspection, it is processed as follows: • The Panel decides whether the Request is prima facie not barred from Panel consideration.
    [Show full text]
  • “The Whole World Is Watching”: Intimate Geopolitics of Forced Eviction and Women's Activism in Cambodia
    “The Whole World Is Watching”: Intimate Geopolitics of Forced Eviction and Women’s Activism in Cambodia Katherine Brickell Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London Through fourteen in-depth interviews1 conducted in February 2013 with women from Boeung Kak Lake—a high-profile community under threat in Phnom Penh—this article argues that the occurrence of, and activism against, forced eviction is an embodiment of “intimate geopolitics.” The article demonstrates the manifold rela- tionship that forced eviction reflects and ferments between homes, bodies, the nation-state, and the geopolitical transformation of Southeast Asia. Forced eviction is framed as a geopolitical issue, one that leads to innermost incursions into everyday life, one that has spurred on active citizenship and collective action evidencing the injustices of dispossession to diverse audiences, and one that has rendered female activists’ intimate relationships further vulnerable. In doing so, it charts how Boeung Kak Lake women have rewritten the political script in Cambodia by publicly contesting the inevitability accorded to human rights abuses in the post-genocide country. Key Words: activism, Cambodia, forced eviction, home, women. !!!! 2013 !!", !#!"!!——!!#$!$!!!"!!!"!!——!!!"!"!!!"!", ! "%!#$!#!!&$%!#$!%!, ! “'"""!!” !!!"!""""#$!#!!!!!"#"#, &$(&)!""!!'$*!%#$"#!"$#""#$"!%+""!!!"!, !!#$!"&!!!# $; #$!#,#'%"(-!!!!, +#!"$$!",#$!.$/; #$#"#%#!!%!!!'"#" '"$""#"!"!"&!!, "$""!!!!!#%!'%$!"%$#")"##"0(#!!.("& !, &$'*#$!!!#!" #"%: !!%/, *#$, #$, #, !!" Con base en catorce entrevistas a profundidad llevadas a cabo en febrero de 2013 entre mujeres del Lago Boeung Kak—una comunidad destacada y vulnerable de Phnom Penh—este art´ıculo sostiene que la ocurrencia del desalojo forzado y el activismo contra el mismo se pueden considerar como una personificacion´ de la “geopol´ıtica ´ıntima.” En el art´ıculo se demuestra la multiple´ relacion´ que reflejan el desalojo forzado y las conmociones entre hogares, cuerpos, el estado-nacion´ y la transformacion´ geopol´ıtica del Sudeste de Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Urbanising Disaster Risk
    Ben Flower and Matt Fortnam URBANISING DISASTER RISK PEOPLE IN NEED IN PEOPLE VULNERABILITY OF THE URBAN POOR IN CAMBODIA TO FLOODING AND OTHER HAZARDS Copyright © People in Need 2015. Reproduction is permitted providing the source is visibly credited. This report has been published by People in Need mission in Cambodia and is part of “Building Disaster Ressilient Communities in Cambodia II“- project funded by Disaster Preparedness Program of Eureopan Commission Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (DIPECHO). The project is implemented by a consortium of five international organisations: ActionAid, DanChurchAid/ Christian Aid, Oxfam, People in Need and Save the Children. Disclaimer This document covers humanitarian aid activities implemented with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein should not be taken, in any way, to reflect the official opinion of the European Union, and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. Acknowledgment People in Need would like to thank all the organisations and individuals which provided Piotr Sasin support and input throughout the research of this report. In particular we want to Country Director thank: National Committee for Disaster Management, Municipality of Phnom Penh, People in Need Municipality of Kampong Cham, Japan International Coopeation Agency, Mekong River Cambodia Commission, Urban Poor Women Development, Community Development Fund and June 2015 Sahmakum Teang Tnaut. Our special thanks go to urban
    [Show full text]
  • Cambodia's Dirty Dozen
    HUMAN RIGHTS CAMBODIA’S DIRTY DOZEN A Long History of Rights Abuses by Hun Sen’s Generals WATCH Cambodia’s Dirty Dozen A Long History of Rights Abuses by Hun Sen’s Generals Copyright © 2018 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-6231-36222 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org JUNE 2018 ISBN: 978-1-6231-36222 Cambodia’s Dirty Dozen A Long History of Rights Abuses by Hun Sen’s Generals Map of Cambodia ............................................................................................................... 7 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1 Khmer Rouge-era Abuses .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Forced Evictions in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
    “Every day is difficult for my body and my heart.” Forced evictions in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: Women’s narratives of risk and resilience. Colleen McGinn Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 © 2013 Colleen McGinn All rights reserved ABSTRACT “Every day is difficult for my body and my heart.” Forced evictions in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: Women’s narratives of risk and resilience. Colleen McGinn This study uses narrative analysis to explore the question: How do forced evictions impact the psychosocial health of displaced women in Phnom Penh, and what sources of risk and resilience frame how they manage the exigencies of displacement? I use Stress and Coping Theory to frame analysis of the narratives of evicted women in order to understand their lived experiences and pathways of adaptation. Analysis of 27 interviews with 22 women demonstrated highly diverse experiences and divergent outcomes. I present a typology of post-eviction socioeconomic pathways because women’s coping strategies and adaptation are deeply grounded in the nature and degree of economic harm that they experienced. From this context, I explore how women coped with their displacement. Stress tended to manifest in the form of somatic ailments and rumination. Social support and livelihood capacity emerged as key protective factors. The better-off participants for whom eviction tended to represent harm to assets, community, and aspirations typically exhibited a great deal of anger and/or anxiety, and they experienced forced eviction as a discreet, tragic, and even traumatic event.
    [Show full text]
  • How Cambodia's Elite Has Captured the Country's Extractive Industries 1 Glossary of Key Terms Resource
    Country for sale – how Cambodia’s elite has captured the country’s extractive industries Glossary of key terms Resource curse – the phenomenon by which natural resource wealth often results in poor standards of human development, bad governance, increased corruption and sometimes conflict. Extractive industries – for the purposes of this report, the extractive industries are defined as the oil, gas, and mining industries. Kleptocracy – a style of governance characterised by high-level corruption and looting of state funds for the purpose of increasing the personal wealth and political power of the ruling class. Shadow state1 – a state where political power is wielded as a means to personal self- enrichment and state institutions are subverted to support those needs. Behind the laws and government institutions of such states is a parallel system of personal rule. Leaders of these states are typically able to exploit their country’s public assets, particularly natural resources, through the subversion of bureaucratic institutions and the monopoly on the use of violence. In this way, they can enrich themselves and pay for the means to stay in power. 1 Country for sale – how Cambodia’s elite has captured the country’s extractive industries Map Glossary of key terms Contents Recommendations Summary Chapter I: Cambodia’s extractive industries – the stakes are high Minerals – an introduction Oil and gas – an introduction Cambodia today: From democracy experiment to one-party kleptocracy Box 1: Wasted wood – the lessons of illegal logging Box
    [Show full text]
  • Partnership Ready Cambodia: Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment
    Partnership Ready Cambodia: Water supply and wastewater treatment Sector overview THAILAND LAOS The Kingdom of Cambodia has a tropical monsoon climate, which CAMBODIA means the country’s weather is characterised by two distinct sea- Tonle Sap Lake sons: a dry season lasting from November to April and a wet season Mekong River from May to October. These two seasons bring with them cor- responding water shortages and surpluses. Average annual rainfall Tonle Sap River is about 1,400 mm. Shallow aquifers underlying the floodplain and Phnom Penh lowlands serve as natural groundwater stores and transmission VIETNAM Bassac systems, which render the construction of surface canals obsolete. River The interaction between the Tonle Sap ecosystem (lake and river) Mekong and the Mekong River is unique: when the level of the Mekong rises River istock/Peter Hermes Furian during the wet season, its waters flow from the Mekong up into the © Tonle Sap Lake via the Tonle Sap River, leading to an increase in the lake’s size from 2,600 km2 to around 10,500 km2. This flow reverses provided with drinking water supply and with access to sanitation during the dry season when the Tonle Sap River transports water facilities, and the country’s wastewater treatment capacity have yet from the lake down to the Mekong. to grow accordingly. The disparities between urban and rural areas are significant: Only around 20 % of rural residents can access clean Two decades of strong economic growth, rapid urbanisation, water, while in population centres the rate is 70 %. For this reason, and agricultural and industrial development, together with the the National Strategy for Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and emergence of a growing middle class, have significantly increased Hygiene 2011-2025 formulates the target of 100 % access to water the amount of water consumed and wastewater generated in the supply, sanitation and hygiene across the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Cambodia Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance Assessment Final Assessment Report
    CAMBODIA DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND GOVERNANCE ASSESSMENT FINAL ASSESSMENT REPORT April 2019 This publication was prepared by NORC and Social Impact Inc. and authored by Suzanne Kelly-Lyall, Neil Loughlin, and Kimchoeun Pak. It was produced at the request of the United States Agency for International Development. CAMBODIA DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND GOVERNANCE ASSESSMENT FINAL ASSESSMENT REPORT April 2019 DRG Learning, Evaluation, and Research (LER) II Activity Tasking N002 GS-10F-0033M / 7200AA18M00016 Cover Photo Credit: Nicole Goodrich DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i FINDINGS ii ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS vi INTRODUCTION 1 ASSESSMENT PURPOSE 1 METHODOLOGY: THE STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK 1 ASSESSMENT CONTEXT 3 STEP 1: DEFINING THE DRG CHALLENGE: FIVE DRG ELEMENTS 18 CONSENSUS 19 INCLUSION 21 COMPETITION AND POLITICAL ACCOUNTABILITY 25 HUMAN RIGHTS AND RULE OF LAW 29 GOVERNMENT RESPONSIVENESS AND EFFECTIVENESS 34 SUMMARY 36 STEP 2: ANALYZING KEY ACTORS AND INSTITUTIONS 37 THE SPOILERS 38 INDEPENDENT POLITICAL ACTORS 42 STEP 3: USAID’S OPERATIONAL/ PROGRAMMATIC ENVIRONMENT 46 U.S. FOREIGN POLICY TOWARD CAMBODIA 46 USAID PRIORITIES, INTERESTS, AND RESOURCES 47 STEP 4: OUTLINING THE PROPOSED STRATEGY 52 SUMMARIZING STEPS 1 TO 3: THE PROBLEM STATEMENT 52 DRG OBJECTIVE 52 ANNEXES 61 ANNEX A: DONOR MATRIX 61 ANNEX B: KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW AND FOCUS GROUP LIST 65 ANNEX C: RESEARCH INSTRUMENT 77 ANNEX D: LITERATURE REVIEW 83 ANNEX E: BIBLIOGRAPHY 109 TABLES Table 1: Cambodia's Top Export and Import Partners, 2017 ............................................................................... 41 FIGURES Figure 1: World Economic Forum Gender Gap, 2018 ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Eviction and Resistance in Cambodia: Five Women Tell Their with Amnesty International
    EVi Ct ion and RESi St anCE in Ca Mb odia Fi ve women tell their stories Evi ct ion and REsi st ancE in ca mb odia Fi ve women tell their stories Interviews for this publication were carried out from For the recommendations linked to this document, see February to September 2011. All source material is on file Eviction and resistance in Cambodia: Five women tell their with Amnesty International. Stories – Recommendations (Index: ASA 23/007/2011). For more on Amnesty International’s work in Cambodia, This document falls under Amnesty International’s Demand see Rights razed: Forced evictions in Cambodia (Index: Dignity campaign, part of which focuses on human rights ASA 23/002/2008). violations against people living in informal settlements, or slums. Amnesty International has also produced a series of films on the women featured in this document. Go to www.amnesty.org We call on all governments to end forced evictions, ensure to see the full documentary film, Stories of eviction and equal access to public services, and promote the active resistance in Cambodia , and five separate films focusing on participation of people living in informal settlements in each of the women. decisions and processes that affect their lives. cover photo: Ten Heap holds her son, Voeun Savong. © Amnesty International CONTENTS mai 10 sophal 20 hong 30 heap 40 vanny 50 MAPS LAO THAILAND PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC ODDAR MEANCHEY l Samraong RATANAKIRI PREAH VIHEAR STUNG BANTEAY TRENG MEANCHEY Phneak Roluek SIEM REAP l Chi Kreng Prey Lang l Forest TONLE BATTAMBANG SAP KOMPONG THOM MONDULKIRI KRATIE CAMBODIA PURSAT KOMPONG CHHNANG KOMPONG CHAM PHNOM PENH KOMPONG ✪ PREY VENG KOH KONG SPEU KANDAL VIET NAM SVAY GULF OF RIENG THAILAND TAKEO KAMPOT SIHANOUKVILLE Adapted from UN map no.
    [Show full text]
  • A Competition for Land. Policies Towards Informal Urban Settlements in Cambodia, from Regularization to Eviction Valérie Clerc
    A Competition for Land. Policies Towards Informal Urban Settlements in Cambodia, from Regularization to Eviction Valérie Clerc To cite this version: Valérie Clerc. A Competition for Land. Policies Towards Informal Urban Settlements in Cambodia, from Regularization to Eviction. Learning from the slums for the development of emerging cities, Springer, pp.173-187, 2016, 10.1007/978-3-319-31794-6_16. halshs-02014522 HAL Id: halshs-02014522 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02014522 Submitted on 11 Feb 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Valérie Clerc (2016) « A Competition for Land Policies Towards Informal Urban Settlements in Cambodia, from Regularization to Eviction, Chapter 16 » in J.-C. Bolay et al. (eds.), Learning from the Slums for the Development of Emerging Cities, Springer International Publishing Switzerland, p.173- 187. https://www.springer.com/la/book/9783319317922 16. A Competition for Land. Policies Towards Informal Urban Settlements in Cambodia, from Regularization to Eviction Valérie Clerc IRD - French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, CESSMA - Centre for Social Sciences Studies on Africa, America and Asia, Paris, France [email protected] Abstract Competition for land is a new dimension of vulnerability in informal settlements.
    [Show full text]
  • THE BLUE PEARL of ASIA Flooding As an Urban Asset - a Beautiful and Resilient Future Phnom Penh
    THE BLUE PEARL OF ASIA Flooding as an urban asset - a beautiful and resilient future Phnom Penh Final thesis in landscape planning 30+30 hp By: Gunilla Englund and Sara Ryttar Supervisors: Per G Berg and Tomas Eriksson Examiner: Kristina Nilsson Department of Urban and Rural Development, SLU 2 PREFACE This is a final thesis at D-level in Landscape Plan- me climate regions, like Cambodia. The ongoing ning. fast development and urbanization of countries in the third world are also putting the environ- Our supervisors are Professor Per G Berg and ment under extreme pressure. Long term city University Lecturer Tomas Eriksson. Examiner planning and alternative ecological solutions is Assistant Professor Kristina Nilsson and exter- to environmental problems are issues that will nal examiner is Storm Water Consultant Kristina help us form our future in a sustainable way. Hedlund at SWECO Environment. We want to thank our supervisors who have Through our work on this thesis we had the guided us through our work with good advice, possibility to make a fantastic journey, thanks discussions and their aspects on the subject. We to financial support from SIDA and the NL fa- are also extremely grateful to our Cambodian culty at SLU. We got to know and love a new field supervisor Mr Sothea Kok and our guides/ country and met many wonderful people and interpreters in Phnom Penh, Mr. Socheat and made new friends. Mr. Weng who spent their weekends helping us in our work. Thank you Marianne Kjellén at We focused our work on the environmental Stockholm Environmental Institute for letting problems arising around the fast urbanization us be a part of your project and for introducing process in Phnom Penh City, also vulnerable to us to Phnom Penh City.
    [Show full text]
  • Poor Land Related Development Practice: a Challenge to Building Sustainable Peace in Cambodia
    POOR LAND RELATED DEVELOPMENT PRACTICE: A CHALLENGE TO BUILDING SUSTAINABLE PEACE IN CAMBODIA A CASE STUDY IN A LAND CONFLICT OF BOEUNG KAK DEVELOPMENT PROJECT: CHALLENGE AND OPPORTUNITY BY SUYHEANG KRY A MASTER’S THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS: PEACE AND CONFLICT STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS LOWELL MARCH 2014 Signature of Author: SUYHEANG KRY Date: March 2014 Signature of Thesis Supervisor: ___________________________________________________________ Name Typed: _________________________________________________________ Signatures of Other Thesis Committee Members: Committee Member Signature: ___________________________________________ Name Typed: _________________________________________________________ Committee Member Signature: ___________________________________________ Name Typed: _________________________________________________________ Abstract This thesis is interested in exploring and understanding the issue of poor land development practices in Cambodia and how they pose great challenges to positive peace building in Cambodia. To explore this topic, the thesis purposefully selects the Boeung Kak Lake (the BK) development project as a case study due to its uniqueness and potential to tell the story succinctly especially the story of another dynamic and opportunities – non-violent grassroots resistance, civil society and international community engagement. The thesis argues that there were three major problems in the BK case acting as structural and proximate
    [Show full text]