DOCSLIB.ORG

Cladistic Relationships in the Gekkonoidea (Squamata, Sauria)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cladistic Relationships in the Gekkonoidea (Squamata, Sauria) MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN NO. 173 Cladistic Relationships in the Gekkonoidea (Squamata, Sauria) Arnold G. Kluge Museum of Zoology and Department of Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1079 Ann Arbor MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN April 3, 1987 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN NO. 173 The publications of the Museum of Zoology, The University of Michigan, consist of two series-the Occasional Papers and the Miscellaneous Publications. Both series were founded by Dr. Bryant Walker, Mr. Bradshaw H. Swales, and Dr. W. W. Newcomb. The Occasional Papers, initiated in 1913, serve as a medium for original studies based principally upon the collections in the Museum. They are issued separately. When a sufficient number of pages has been printed to make a volume, the Museum will supply a title page, table of contents, and an index to libraries and individuals on the mailing list for the series. The Miscellaneous Publications, which include papers on field and museum techniques, monographic studies, and other contributions not within the scope of the Occasional Papers, were established in 1916 and are published separately. It is not intended that they begrouped into volumes. Each number has a title page and, when necessary, a table of contents. A complete list of publications on Birds, Fishes, Insects, Mammals, Mollusks, and Reptiles and Amphibians is available. Address inquiries to the Director, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109- 1079. MISCELLANEOUS PIJBLICATIONS MlJSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, LJNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN NO. 173 Cladistic Relationships in the Gekkonoidea (Squamata, Sauria) t)~ Arnold G. Kluge Museum of Zoology and Department of Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1079 Ann Arbor MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, IJNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN April 3, 1987 ABSTRACT Kluge, Arnold C;. 1987. Cladistcc Relationships in the Gtjkkonozden (.Squamnta, Sauria). Misc. PIL~I~.MUS. 2001. liniu. hfzrhzgnn, 173:I-54, fzgs. 1-12.-Thr phylogcrlctic relationships among gekko and pygopod lizards arr investigated. The most parsimonious hypothesis contains srvel-a1 well-corroborated tladcs. 1-wcnty-seven synapomorphies rhararterizr the group gckkos + pygopods. Eublr- pharines rrprcsent the most primitive linragc, and its sister-group is diagnosecl by four shared derived features. Thus, gckkos arr no longer consiclrred a monophy- lctic assemblage. Tllc sister-group relationship between diplodactylines ar~d pygopods is based on ;I single apomorphy, :I rnratal closure muscle that encircles or nearly crrcircles the rxterr~al auciitol-y rnratus. The majority of grkkos- gekkonirles and sphaerodactylines-form an assemblage diagnosrd by tour ape- morphies, with thc genus Tert~torcincusbeing the sis~er-lineageto all others. Sphaelodactylines and the gcnus Pristurus corrstitu~e;t group which is set apart by six synapomorplries. Prlslurus and Gontctodes are sistcr-taxa, in that ortier, to the remaining sph;lerodactylincs. The absence of the second cer;~tobr.anchial arch di;ignoses a large group of gckkonines, mostly Afl-ican in distribution. A strictly monophylctic classititation is proposed, and thr phylogmctic- hypothesis on which it is founded is cotlsistrtlt with sever;ll major rverlts in the brr;tkup of P;ul~ge;i. Key words: Bzogrography, cladisties, Eublepharldae, (;ekkonidae, gekkos, phy- logmy, Pygopodzdnr, pygopods. CONTENTS PAGE INTRODIJC1710N ................................................................ 1 MET'IODS AND MATEKIA1.S ...................................................6 ANCIENT GEKKOTANS ........................................................ 10 CHARACTER ANALYSI .: S ....................................................... 11 Informative Charartcrs ....................................................... 11 Qucstionablc Evidence ....................................................... 33 CONCLIJSIONS ................................................................ 36 Most P;~rsimonious(I:latlo~qam ............................................... .36 Cllarat ter F.volution. ......................................................... 36 Evitlcncc lor Sistrr-Group Relationships ...................................... 38 (:l;~ssification ................................................................ 39 Biogrog~.:cphy ................................................................ 40 AClKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................... 42 1.I.I'ERATIIRE CITED .......................................................... 47 APPEN1)IX I: Crntrurn Shapc Ot Adult Trunk Vertcbrac .......................... 54 AI'PI<NDIX 11: Diplodactylines l<x;~minrdFor Vrrtrbral Processes ................... 54 ILL. IJSTRATIONS FIGITRE 1'AC;I . I Recently proposrtl pliylogcnctic hypothcscs of tllc major groups ol gekkonoids ............................................................... 3 2 Grou~~tl-pl;rntlivc~-gcncc diagl-a~n ........................................... 1 :I Cl.rtlog~.am illustrating the conccpt ol syn;rpornorpliy ........................ 7 1 C:l;itlogr;rrn illr~st~;iting( 11;~r;rctrr t ongruencc anti 11ornopl;isy ................. 7 5 C;ri~plr 01 condyle d~v~l~pnicritin sphir~~otl:ic~ylinrs ........................ 15 (i Ch;rr;tt ter-st;rtc tree of nic~;~t;~lrrrusc-lc tr;rnsfo~-mationsc.ric.s .................. 20 7 P;iirctl prcm;rxill;re ol day-old l~ygopods................................... 22 8 Vcnu;~lview5 of p;il;rtc ................................................... 26 9 (;r;rph of variation in ~iurnhrrsol sclrr;rl ossiclcs ........................... 27 10 Skull and cntlolynipliatic sacs 01 Phyllodnc.tylus ruropnc. us .................. 52 11 C.l.rtlogr.am ol gckkotioitls (based on evitlcrrcc sumrn;~ri/cdill Tal)le 3) ........ 37 12 (:l;ltlo~r;lm 01 ~c~l;~tio~isl~il)s;i~nong CCI-rain "ptyod;~ctylincs" ................. 11 TABLES TABLE 1'11 C, I. I Nurnl)~~ol sc lrl;rl osaic lcs pcr c.yc.l).~ll...................................... 13 2 X-ray tlillrac-tion ;~rialysisof gc.kkor~oitlegg sliell .rntl "(;~lcium~nilli" ........ 45 3 <;ckkonoid data mahis ................................................... I6 INTRODUCTION More than 25% of all living genera and species of lizards are placed in the Gekkonoidea,' and much has been written in the last 30 years about their phylogenetic relationships. Underwood's seminal papers on gekkos were based largely on eye charactcrs (1951, 1954, 1955). Hecht ( 1976) and Russell (1979) inferred three principal lines of evolution from Underwood's Linnean classification (1954): Eublepharidae, Sphaerodactylidae and Gekkonidae. The latter was subdivided inlo Gekkoninae and Diplodactylinae on the basis of differences in pupil shape. In 1957, Underwood documcnted a sister- group relationship of the cosmopolitan gekkos with the snake-like pygo- pods of Australia and New Guinea (Fig. 1J; see also McDowell and Bogert [1954]). Werner (1961) accepted Underwood's (1954) major terminal taxa of gekkos, but proposed an alternative phylogenetir interprcration (Fig. IF; Ychudah Werner, pers. comm.). I concluded that the pupil-shape evidence emphasized by Underwood was more variable than he recorded (Kluge, 1967a). Further, I examined his hypothesis of gekko relationships for congruence with a different data set of 18 characters, mostly taken from the skeletal system (Kluge, 1967a).Wagner's (1961) ground-plan divergence method of phylogenetic inference was used to analyze those data. My major conclusions (Figs. lA, 2) were: (1) The five eublepharine genera were relatively more primitive than all other living gekkos. However, I was unable to discover evidence that the five shared a more recent common ancestor than the one that gave rise to thc remaining gekkos. (2) The Diplotlactylinae + Gekkoninae + Sphaerodactylinae group shared a common ancestor; those gekkos had certain derived states in common which were not shared with the eublcpharines. (3)The Gekkoninae t Sphaerodactylinae was also delimited by shared derived features, and, presumably, formed a natural assemblage. (4) Likewise, there was evidence that the five sphaerodactyline genera constituted a historical entity. (5) No sharcd derived features were discovercd that provided unambiguous evidence lor either of the two largest groups of gekkos, Diplodactylinae and Gek- koninae. Furthermore, I altered much of the generic composition of Under- wood's Diplodactylinae and Gekkoninae in my analyses (contrary to the claims of Hecht [1976], and Hecht and Edwards [1977]), the former sub- family being restricted to the 13 genera endemic to the Australian Region (Table 1). 'popularly referred to as gckkos ;~ndpyxopods (flap-footed lizards), they account for over 90 genera and 850 species (Table 1). In all sections of this paper, except Classification and Biogeography (pp. 39-42), I use current nomenclature, unless stated otherwise. Thus, the present ch;lractcr analyses c;ln br morc efficiently summ;rrised and readily related to the data and interpretations of previous ;~uthors.Gekkota refers to bo~hgckkonoids and Jurassic- bavarisaurs. The taxonomic composition of the other hisher taxa follows Kluge (1967a; 1974). While I enclorsc Wilcy's (1981a) proposal that undiagnosed taxa be placcd in shutter quotcs, I have not employed that convention when citing previous research in order to simplify the presentation. My Linnean classification was not totally consistent with, nor fully informative of, the phylogenetic hypothesis on which it was based
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A New Early Cretaceous Lizard with Well-Preserved Scale Impressions from Western Liaoning , China＊
    PROGRESS IN NATURAL SCIENCE Vol .15 , N o .2 , F ebruary 2005 A new Early Cretaceous lizard with well-preserved scale impressions from western Liaoning , China＊ JI Shu' an ＊＊ (S chool of Earth and S pace Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China) Received May 14 , 2004 ;revised September 29 , 2004 Abstract A new small lizard , Liaoningolacerta brevirostra gen .et sp .nov ., from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of w estern Liaoning is described in detail.The new specimen w as preserved not only by the skeleton , but also by the exceptionally clear scale impressions.This lizard can be included w ithin the taxon Scleroglossa based on its 26 or more presacrals, cruciform interclavicle with a large anterior p rocess, moderately elongated pubis, and slightly notched distal end of tibia .The scales vary evidently in size and shape at different parts of body :small and rhomboid ventral scales, tiny and round limb scales, and large and longitudinally rectangular caudal scales that constitute the caudal w horls.This new finding provides us with more information on the lepidosis of the Mesozoic lizards. Keywords: new genus, Squamata, skeleton, lepidosis, Early Cretaceous, western Liaoning . Lizards are majo r groups in the Late Mesozoic Etymology:Liaoning , the province where the Jehol Biota of w estern Liaoning and the adjacent holoty pe w as collected ;lacerta (Latin), lizard . regions, no rtheastern China .Several fossil lizards Brevi- (Latin), short ;rostra (Latin), snout . have been found from the Yixian Formation , the lower unit of the Early C retaceous Jehol G roup in Holotype :An articulated skeleton w ith its rig ht w hich the feathered theropods , primitive birds , early fo relimb and mid to posterior caudals missing (GM V mamm als and angiosperms were discovered in the past 1580 ; National Geological Museum of China , decade[ 1, 2] .
    [Show full text]
  • CBD Strategy and Action Plan
    Biological Diversity of Tajikistan 1.2.2. Specific diversity For thousands of years, people of Tajiki- stan lived in harmony with the natural diversity of flora and fauna. In the process of historical de- velopment, they created many new forms of food, medicine, and forage crops, and domestic animals, promoted their conservation, thus en- riching the natural biodiversity. The recent cen- tury was marked by an increased human nega- tive impact on biodiversity, due to the population Ruderal-degraded ecosystems growth and active land mastering. The conservation of vegetation biodiver- Ruderal ecosystems of the foothills are sity in the mountains prevents the fertile soil generally represented by one species open plant layer from erosion and destruction by mudflows, communities: caper (Capparis spinosa), frag- and regulates groundwater formation. ments of wall barley (Hordeum leporinum), an- nual saltworts (Salsola pestifera, S.turkestanica, A. Vegetation world S.forcipitata), and camel’s thorn (Alhagi kirghi- The vegetation world is represented by a sorum). great genetic and environmental diversity, and a Ruderal communities of the low-mountain unique specific diversity; it includes 9771 species zone are represented by Cynodon dactilon, Pro- and 20 formations. sopis farcta, cousinia (Cousinia Olgae, The processes of xerophytization, C.polycephala, C.ambigens, C.dichromata, ephemerization, mesophyllization, cryophytiza- C.microcarpa, C.radians, C.pseudoarctium, etc.), tion, and migration processes in Tajikistan and forbs. caused an extensive formation of flora species Licorice, together with reed (Saccharum and forms. This resulted in the appearance of spontaneum) and camel’s thorn (Alhagi kirghi- numerous vicarious plants, altitudinal and eco- sorum), are formed after cuttings in the forest logical vicariants that considerably enriched the ecosystem zone.
    [Show full text]
  • High-Resolution X-Ray CT Scanning Reveals the First Resin-Embedded Miniature Gecko of the Ge
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Bonn zoological Bulletin - früher Bonner Zoologische Beiträge. Jahr/Year: 2018 Band/Volume: 67 Autor(en)/Author(s): Daza Juan D., Hunziker Jordan P., Bauer Aaron M., Wagner Philipp, Böhme Wolfgang Artikel/Article: Things are not always as they seem: High-resolution X-ray CT scanning reveals the first resin-embedded miniature gecko of the genus Ebenavia 71-77 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at Bonn zoological Bulletin 67 (2): 71–77 ISSN 2190–7307 2018 · Daza J.D. et al. http://www.zoologicalbulletin.de https://doi.org/10.20363/BZB-2018.67.2.071 Scientific note urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AA5B7777-C36B-4E9C-B77E-272FBCBA3D7A Things are not always as they seem: High-resolution X-ray CT scanning reveals the first resin-embedded miniature gecko of the genus Ebenavia Juan D. Daza*, 1, Jordan P. Hunziker1, Aaron M. Bauer2, Philipp Wagner2, 3, Wolfgang Böhme4 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, 2000 Avenue I, Life Sciences Building, Room 105, Huntsville, TX 77341, USA 2 Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA 3 Allwetterzoo Münster, Sentruper Str. 315, D-48161 Münster, Germany 4 Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum A. Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany * Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:7F796C4B-B0D5-4669-8D6F-96CA494B62F5 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:A54A16B8-BEE1-4996-9170-6CADB539B5D1 3 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:0575CE45-AB5C-4493-A8AD-DD399E18284A 4 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:FFAC2972-9F52-404B-BA9C-489C7793FF8D * urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:78BB0EB0-8A48-4A1D-8D53-287AD1EF5FFA Abstract.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantifying the Conservation Value of Plantation Forests for a Madagascan Herpetofauna
    Herpetological Conservation and Biology 14(1):269–287. Submitted: 6 March 2018; Accepted: 28 March 2019; Published: 30 April 2019. QUANTIFYING THE CONSERVATION VALUE OF PLANTATION FORESTS FOR A MADAGASCAN HERPETOFAUNA BETH EVANS Madagascar Research and Conservation Institute, Nosy Komba, Madagascar current address: 121 Heathway, Erith, Kent DA8 3LZ, UK, email: [email protected] Abstract.—Plantations are becoming a dominant component of the forest landscape of Madagascar, yet there is very little information available regarding the implications of different forms of plantation agriculture for Madagascan reptiles and amphibians. I determined the conservation value of bamboo, secondary, open-canopy plantation, and closed-canopy plantation forests for reptiles and amphibians on the island of Nosy Komba, in the Sambirano region of north-west Madagascar. Assistants and I conducted 220 Visual Encounter Surveys between 29 January 2016 and 5 July 2017 and recorded 3,113 reptiles (32 species) and 751 amphibians (nine species). Closed-canopy plantation supported levels of alpha diversity and community compositions reflective of natural forest, including several threatened and forest-specialist species. Open-canopy plantation exhibited diminished herpetofaunal diversity and a distinct community composition dominated by disturbance-resistant generalist species. Woody tree density and bamboo density were positively correlated with herpetofaunal species richness, and plantation species richness, plantation species density, sapling density, and the proportion of wood ground cover were negatively associated with herpetofaunal diversity. I recommend the integration of closed-canopy plantations on Nosy Komba, and across wider Madagascar, to help mitigate the negative effects of secondary forest conversion for agriculture on Madagascan herpetofauna; however, it will be necessary to retain areas of natural forest to act as sources of biodiversity for agroforestry plantations.
    [Show full text]
  • New Lizards and Rhynchocephalians from the Lower Cretaceous of Southern Italy
    New lizards and rhynchocephalians from the Lower Cretaceous of southern Italy SUSAN. E. EVANS, PASQUALE RAIA, and CARMELA BARBERA Evans, S.E., Raia, P., and Barbera, C. 2004. New lizards and rhynchocephalians from the Lower Cretaceous of southern Italy. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49 (3): 393–408. The Lower Cretaceous (Albian age) locality of Pietraroia, near Benevento in southern Italy, has yielded a diverse assem− blage of fossil vertebrates, including at least one genus of rhynchocephalian (Derasmosaurus) and two named lizards (Costasaurus and Chometokadmon), as well as the exquisitely preserved small dinosaur, Scipionyx. Here we describe ma− terial pertaining to a new species of the fossil lizard genus Eichstaettisaurus (E. gouldi sp. nov.). Eichstaettisaurus was first recorded from the Upper Jurassic (Tithonian age) Solnhofen Limestones of Germany, and more recently from the basal Cretaceous (Berriasian) of Montsec, Spain. The new Italian specimen provides a significant extension to the tempo− ral range of Eichstaettisaurus while supporting the hypothesis that the Pietraroia assemblage may represent a relictual is− land fauna. The postcranial morphology of the new eichstaettisaur suggests it was predominantly ground−living. Further skull material of E. gouldi sp. nov. was identified within the abdominal cavity of a second new lepidosaurian skeleton from the same locality. This second partial skeleton is almost certainly rhynchocephalian, based primarily on foot and pelvic structure, but it is not Derasmosaurus and cannot be accommodated within any known genus due to the unusual morphology of the tail vertebrae. Key words: Lepidosauria, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia, palaeobiogeography, predation, Cretaceous, Italy. Susan E. Evans [[email protected]], Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, England; Pasquale Raia [[email protected]] and Carmela Barbera [[email protected]], Dipartimento di Paleontologia, Università di Napoli, Largo S.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Conservation Action Plans for Mongolian Reptiles and Amphibians
    Summary Conservation Action Plans for Mongolian Reptiles and Amphibians Compiled by Terbish, Kh., Munkhbayar, Kh., Clark, E.L., Munkhbat, J. and Monks, E.M. Edited by Munkhbaatar, M., Baillie, J.E.M., Borkin, L., Batsaikhan, N., Samiya, R. and Semenov, D.V. ERSITY O IV F N E U D U E T C A A T T S I O E N H T M ONGOLIA THE WORLD BANK i ii This publication has been funded by the World Bank’s Netherlands-Mongolia Trust Fund for Environmental Reform. The fi ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily refl ect the views of the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colours, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The World Conservation Union (IUCN) have contributed to the production of the Summary Conservation Action Plans for Mongolian Reptiles and Amphibians, providing technical support, staff time, and data. IUCN supports the production of the Summary Conservation Action Plans for Mongolian Reptiles and Amphibians, but the information contained in this document does not necessarily represent the views of IUCN. Published by: Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, NW1 4RY Copyright: © Zoological Society of London and contributors 2006.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Conservation Outlook Assessment
    IUCN World Heritage Outlook: https://worldheritageoutlook.iucn.org/ Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve - 2020 Conservation Outlook Assessment Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve 2020 Conservation Outlook Assessment SITE INFORMATION Country: Seychelles Inscribed in: 1983 Criteria: (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) In the heart of the small island of Praslin, the reserve has the vestiges of a natural palm forest preserved in almost its original state. The famouscoco de mer, from a palm-tree once believed to grow in the depths of the sea, is the largest seed in the plant kingdom. © UNESCO SUMMARY 2020 Conservation Outlook Finalised on 01 Dec 2020 GOOD WITH SOME CONCERNS The protection and management of Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve is generally effective and is supported by a national legal framework, although there is a lack of a national protected area system. The management authority is very competent and is effectively implementing science-based programs and outreach and education schemes. However, the future of the site’s key value, the coco de mer palm, is still under threat from illegal collection and over-exploitation for its nuts and kernel. The site's management has reduced both commercial harvesting and illegal collection of nuts based on scientific research, although the conservation impacts of these requires further assessment. The National Government and the managing agency are implementing targeted conservation measures and aim to tighten law and legislation to protect the species, which include an increase in penalty for poaching of coco de mer nuts. Current priorities for the Nature Reserve include continuation and expansion of the outreach and education programme; promoting an increase in the size and connectivity of Vallée de Mai within the Praslin Island landscape, with a legally designated buffer zone; increasing anti-poaching; and continuing to control the harvesting of coco de mer seeds while expanding a program of replanting seedlings.
    [Show full text]
  • Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History Database
    Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History database Abdala, C. S., A. S. Quinteros, and R. E. Espinoza. 2008. Two new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from the puna of northwestern Argentina. Herpetologica 64:458-471. Abdala, C. S., D. Baldo, R. A. Juárez, and R. E. Espinoza. 2016. The first parthenogenetic pleurodont Iguanian: a new all-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. Copeia 104:487-497. Abdala, C. S., J. C. Acosta, M. R. Cabrera, H. J. Villaviciencio, and J. Marinero. 2009. A new Andean Liolaemus of the L. montanus series (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. South American Journal of Herpetology 4:91-102. Abdala, C. S., J. L. Acosta, J. C. Acosta, B. B. Alvarez, F. Arias, L. J. Avila, . S. M. Zalba. 2012. Categorización del estado de conservación de las lagartijas y anfisbenas de la República Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 26 (Suppl. 1):215-248. Abell, A. J. 1999. Male-female spacing patterns in the lizard, Sceloporus virgatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 20:185-194. Abts, M. L. 1987. Environment and variation in life history traits of the Chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus. Ecological Monographs 57:215-232. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2003. Anfibios y reptiles del Uruguay. Montevideo, Uruguay: Facultad de Ciencias. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2007. Anfibio y reptiles del Uruguay, 3rd edn. Montevideo, Uruguay: Serie Fauna 1. Ackermann, T. 2006. Schreibers Glatkopfleguan Leiocephalus schreibersii. Munich, Germany: Natur und Tier. Ackley, J. W., P. J. Muelleman, R. E. Carter, R. W. Henderson, and R. Powell. 2009. A rapid assessment of herpetofaunal diversity in variously altered habitats on Dominica.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    HAMADRYAD Vol. 27. No. 2. August, 2003 Date of issue: 31 August, 2003 ISSN 0972-205X CONTENTS T. -M. LEONG,L.L.GRISMER &MUMPUNI. Preliminary checklists of the herpetofauna of the Anambas and Natuna Islands (South China Sea) ..................................................165–174 T.-M. LEONG & C-F. LIM. The tadpole of Rana miopus Boulenger, 1918 from Peninsular Malaysia ...............175–178 N. D. RATHNAYAKE,N.D.HERATH,K.K.HEWAMATHES &S.JAYALATH. The thermal behaviour, diurnal activity pattern and body temperature of Varanus salvator in central Sri Lanka .........................179–184 B. TRIPATHY,B.PANDAV &R.C.PANIGRAHY. Hatching success and orientation in Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829) at Rushikulya Rookery, Orissa, India ......................................185–192 L. QUYET &T.ZIEGLER. First record of the Chinese crocodile lizard from outside of China: report on a population of Shinisaurus crocodilurus Ahl, 1930 from north-eastern Vietnam ..................193–199 O. S. G. PAUWELS,V.MAMONEKENE,P.DUMONT,W.R.BRANCH,M.BURGER &S.LAVOUÉ. Diet records for Crocodylus cataphractus (Reptilia: Crocodylidae) at Lake Divangui, Ogooué-Maritime Province, south-western Gabon......................................................200–204 A. M. BAUER. On the status of the name Oligodon taeniolatus (Jerdon, 1853) and its long-ignored senior synonym and secondary homonym, Oligodon taeniolatus (Daudin, 1803) ........................205–213 W. P. MCCORD,O.S.G.PAUWELS,R.BOUR,F.CHÉROT,J.IVERSON,P.C.H.PRITCHARD,K.THIRAKHUPT, W. KITIMASAK &T.BUNDHITWONGRUT. Chitra burmanica sensu Jaruthanin, 2002 (Testudines: Trionychidae): an unavailable name ............................................................214–216 V. GIRI,A.M.BAUER &N.CHATURVEDI. Notes on the distribution, natural history and variation of Hemidactylus giganteus Stoliczka, 1871 ................................................217–221 V. WALLACH.
    [Show full text]
  • Edward Harrison Taylor: the Teacher by A
    HERP QL 31 .T37 E37 EDWARD H. TAYLOR: RECOLLECTIONS OF AN HERPETOLOGIST NOTE: The map depicting part of the Philip- pine region, reproduced on the cover, was used by Edward H. Taylor in the course of field work in 1912-1913. Edward H. Taylor EDWARD H. TAYLOR: RECOLLECTIONS OF AN HERPETOLOGIST EDWARD H. TAYLOR Professor and Curator Emeritus Department of Systematics and Ecology and Museum of Natural History The University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 66045 A. BYRON LEONARD Professor Emeritus Department of Systematics and Ecology The University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 66045 HOBART M. SMITH Professor Department of Environmental, Population, and Organismic Biology University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado 80302 GEORGE R. PISANI Visiting Instructor Department of Biology The University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 66045 Monograph of THE Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas Number 4 1975 University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History Editor: Richard F. Johnston Monograph Series, Publication No. 4 pp. 1-160; 6 figures; 1 plate Published December 15, 1975 WW 1 6 1999 Museum of Natural History The University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 66045 U.S.A. Copyright 1975, Museum of Natural History The University of Kansas Printed by University of Kansas Printing Service Lawrence, Kansas PREFACE The charge to anyone doing a volume like this is complex and best met by artists, not scientists. Professor E. H. Taylor is now 86 years old and has been busy for all that time. How, short of a full biography, can we recreate in our minds the sense of and feeling for this energetic, creative, sometimes irascible man who has had an extraordinary career as naturalist, explorer, teacher, friend (especially of children), scientist, spy, consort of royalty and "father" of modern herpetology? This book senses the man only fractionally and certainly less than we expect for average his full persons.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Profile of Afghanistan
    NEPA Biodiversity Profile of Afghanistan An Output of the National Capacity Needs Self-Assessment for Global Environment Management (NCSA) for Afghanistan June 2008 United Nations Environment Programme Post-Conflict and Disaster Management Branch First published in Kabul in 2008 by the United Nations Environment Programme. Copyright © 2008, United Nations Environment Programme. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. United Nations Environment Programme Darulaman Kabul, Afghanistan Tel: +93 (0)799 382 571 E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.unep.org DISCLAIMER The contents of this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of UNEP, or contributory organizations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP or contributory organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Unless otherwise credited, all the photos in this publication have been taken by the UNEP staff. Design and Layout: Rachel Dolores
    [Show full text]
  • Fauna of Australia 2A
    FAUNA of AUSTRALIA 26. BIOGEOGRAPHY AND PHYLOGENY OF THE SQUAMATA Mark N. Hutchinson & Stephen C. Donnellan 26. BIOGEOGRAPHY AND PHYLOGENY OF THE SQUAMATA This review summarises the current hypotheses of the origin, antiquity and history of the order Squamata, the dominant living reptile group which comprises the lizards, snakes and worm-lizards. The primary concern here is with the broad relationships and origins of the major taxa rather than with local distributional or phylogenetic patterns within Australia. In our review of the phylogenetic hypotheses, where possible we refer principally to data sets that have been analysed by cladistic methods. Analyses based on anatomical morphological data sets are integrated with the results of karyotypic and biochemical data sets. A persistent theme of this chapter is that for most families there are few cladistically analysed morphological data, and karyotypic or biochemical data sets are limited or unavailable. Biogeographic study, especially historical biogeography, cannot proceed unless both phylogenetic data are available for the taxa and geological data are available for the physical environment. Again, the reader will find that geological data are very uncertain regarding the degree and timing of the isolation of the Australian continent from Asia and Antarctica. In most cases, therefore, conclusions should be regarded very cautiously. The number of squamate families in Australia is low. Five of approximately fifteen lizard families and five or six of eleven snake families occur in the region; amphisbaenians are absent. Opinions vary concerning the actual number of families recognised in the Australian fauna, depending on whether the Pygopodidae are regarded as distinct from the Gekkonidae, and whether sea snakes, Hydrophiidae and Laticaudidae, are recognised as separate from the Elapidae.
    [Show full text]