The Philippines: a Country Profile
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The Philippines A Country Profile IQ~ Office of Foreign Disastar Assis~ance Agency for International Development Washington, D.C. 20523 HA rAN ISLANDS Basco Philippines -.. adroad Road BABUYAN ISLANDS PortSan A-arri, PVincnle Laoag I0 50 100 150K.Iometnr, 0 50 100 150MleS SBungued TIuguoarao Vigan Taljkh *eBnfloc San Ilagn Farnandao i Bolinan. Baguio [lJyvoIliboing Luzon Tariack C. bab aI, a'Angle Scadbotough r) P 1 ShoI OlOngapo Ma nila SI ANi's Marve les"Pasij C.,IniiB . *,Santa Crur Nasughn \ 1Pandan+ bt atnta'Lucena-• i :laulns~n llat~inia1'( Naga \ I/A, Boac. Vitae Mamb u r n ' I , Le g a, P So s og l Mindoro ER mln Bulan.'2 .. Paapag ,,, Mansalq" M'sbate. Allen' "Citarman Mandaon* Samar CALAMIAN aron, oar, Placer l • GROUP •Ka!ibuo~sa lcr Catbalogin ! , oxz.s I'orongan Panay 1 Vaanb ritayan L acban\O San Josedo Buenavisla, h Leyte ! , ,Ia Car~lola, uCnballanI M a' Io , -,Puerto Princesa \, Snurg,, / Niie g tos a t o, ich I r Queaan / Palawan N roDnmaguela T ',bamaueto Ta/rIddg Brokes Point MBatoao Dipolog. Mindanao 6ingonn Prosperidad 'Cagayande Ora MarawiO Malaybalay Isa1 Sni'i.n _ Pagadian f 'Tagum '•.+. .#=y. Sun) Cotabaln.a : $ Davao. at Wd Zoe.a,a,u,,bali *Basilan -1~ i t'3I,,' General Jab Santos .Sandakan , Malaysia,", '.a + IndoneP aakeloa0 " .(Indones)ia ' ldase 504521 9-50(545164) PHILIPPLINES: A COUNTRY PROFILE prepared for The Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance Agency for International Development Department of State Washington, D.C. 20523 by Faye I. Henderson Production by: Waverly Jackson, Jr. and Wesley Mossburg Labat-Anderson Incorporated Arlington, Virginia under contract AID/PDC-0000-C-00-8153 The country profile of the Philippines is part of a series designed to provide baseline country data in support of the planning and relief operations of the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA). Content, scope, and sources have evolved over the course of the last several years and the relatively narrow focus is intentional. We hope that the information provided will also be useful to others in the disaster assistance and development communities. Every effort is made to obtain current, reliable data; unfortunately it is not possible to issue updates as fast as changes would warrant. We invite ycur comments and c:orrections. Address these and other queries to OFDA. A.I.D., as given above. December 1988 OFDA COUNTRY PROFILES: NOVEMBER 1988 AFRICA CARIBBEAN Burkina Faso (1982) CARICOM Regional Profile (1983) Cape Verde (1984) Antigua Chad (1989) Barbados East Africa Regional Profile (1981) Belize Djibouti Dominica Ethiopia Grenada Kenya Guyana Somalia Montserrat Sudan St. Kitts-Nevis--Anguilla Tanzania St. Lucia Uganda St. Vincent Gambia-Senegal (1983) Trinidad and Tobago Ghana (1985) Dominican Republic (1984) Mali (1988) Haiti (1984) Mauritania (1984) Jamaica (1986) Mozambique (1987) Niger (1985) Zaire (1986) CENTRAL/SOUTH AMERICA Zambia (1982) Bolivia (1984) Chile (1987) ASIA Costa Rica (1987) Ecuador (1983) Bangladesh (1983) El Salvador (1984) Burma (1980) Guatemala (1982) India (1983) Honduras (1981) indonesia (1983) Nicaragua (1981) Nepal (1983) Peru (1983) Pakistan (1983) Philippines (1988) Sri Lanka (1983) INDIAN OCEAN Island Countries of the NEAR EAST Indian Ocean (1984) The Comoros Turkey (1982) Madagascar Maldives Mauritius SOUTH PACIFIC Reunion Seychelles Fiji (1986) Papua New Guinea (1985) Tonga (1986) Western Samoa (1987) ii Acknowledgments I acknowledge with gratitude the support provided by the staff of USAID/Philippines in the preparation of this country profile, and especially the invaluable assistance provided by Brydnt George and Orly Cabrega. My deep appreciation is also extended to Dr. Mita Pardo de Tavera, GOP Secretary of Social Welfare and Development, Col. Victor R. Pagulayan, Jr., Administrator of the Philippine Office of Civil Defense and Executive Officer of the National Disaster Coordinating Council, Dr. Roman L. Kintanar, Administrator of PAGASA, Dr. Raymundo S. Punongbayan, Director of PHIVOLCS, Dr. G.C. Caridad, Secretary General of the Philippine National Red Cross; a1id other Dhilippine agency heads, and PVO directors and their staffs whose warm reception and willing sharing of information greatly contributed to this report. iii PHILIPPINES Contents Preface ......................................................... i OFDA Country Profile List ......................................... ii 1. General Information .......................................... 1-47 1.1 Geographic Codes ..................................... 1 1.2 Host Mission to the U.S .............................. 1 1.3 U.S. Mission to the Philippines ...................... 1 1.4 Time Zones ........................................... 1 1.5 Currency ............................................. 2 1.6 Travel and Visa Requirements .. .................... 2 1.7 Holidays and Calendar................................. 3 1.8 Treaties and Agreemerts ......... .................... 3 1.9 Int. :national Organizations .......................... 4 1.10 Geography ............................................ 5 1.11 History .............................................. 8 1.12 Government ........................................... 13 1.13 Ethnic Groups ........................................ 21 1.14 Languages ............................................ 24 1.15 Religion ............................................. 24 1.16 Education............................................ 25 1.17 Population ........................................... 26 1.18 Health, Nutrition, and Diet .......................... 29 1.19 Economy ........................................... ... 34 1.20 Power supply ................. ....................... 43 1.21 Communications ....................................... 43 1.22 Transportation ....................................... 45 2. Disaster Vulnerability ....................................... 48-84 2.1 Overview of the Environment .......................... 48 z.2 Disaster History ..................................... 54 2.3 Typhoons and Storm Surges ............................ 57 2.4 Volcanism ............................................ 62 2.5 Seismicity ........................................... 69 2.6 Floods ............................................... 75 2.7 Landslides ........................................... 78 2.8 Drought .............................................. 78 2.9 Deforestation and Enviro-imental Degradation .......... 79 2.10 Fires ................................................ 80 2.11 Other Disaster !ypes ................................. 81 2.12 Vulnerability of Infrastructure, Housing, and Agriculture .................................... 82 3. Disaster Preparedness and Assistance ......................... 85-146 3.1 Host Country Disaster Organization ................... 85 3.2 Host Country Non-governmental Organizations (NGOS)... 88 3.3 Host Country Contact List ............................ 89 3.4 Problems in Disaster Response in the Philippines ..... 93 3.5 Warning Systems ...................... ............... 93 3.6 Mitigation Efforts/Preparedness ...................... 103 3.7 Host Country Resources ............................... 109 3.8 Food Resources ....................................... 109 3.9 Medical Resources .................................... 110 iv PHILIPPINES Contents 3.10 Housing Resources .................................... 112 3.11 communications ....................................... 115 3.12 Ground Transportation ................................ 120 3.13 Ports ................................................ 122 3.14 Airports ............................................. 129 3.15 U.S. Mission Plan .................................... 133 3.16 Other USG Resources .................................. 134 3.17 U.S. Government Contact List ......................... 136 3.18 U.S. Voluntary Agencies .............................. 137 3.19 USG Disaster Relief and Preparedness Assistance ...... 140 3.20 International Community .............................. .145 Appendices ........................................................ 147 -178 Appendix A: 1987 Typhoon .................................... 147 Appendix B: Crop Dates ...................................... 157 Appendix C: Crop Maps 158 Appendix D: Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale ............... 160 Appendix E: Rossi-Forel Scale of Earthquake Intensity Adapted ....................................... 162 Appendix F: Government-Licensed Hospitals 1987 163 Appendix G: Amateur Radio Operators in the Philippines ...... 175 Appendix H: Agencies With Point-To-Point Communications ..... 177 Appendix 1: Telephone Numbers for Radio and Television Networks ...................................... 178 Bibliography ...................................................... 179-184 V PHILIPPINES L General Information I. General Information 1.1 Geographic Codes AID Standard 492 AID Region ANE/EA/P State Region EAP/PHL 1.2 Host Mission to the U.S. Embassy of the Republic of the Philippines 1617 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 Tel: (202) 483-1414 Consulates general are located in New York, Chicago, New Orleans, Seattlc, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Houston, Honolulu, and Agana (Guam). 1.3 U.S. Mission to the Philippines Embassy of the United States 1201 Roxas Blvd. Manila APO San Francisco 96528-8600 Tel.: [63] (2) 521-7116 Telex: 722-27366 AME PH Consulate Philippine American Life Insurance Bldg. 3rd Fl. Jones Avenue Cebu APO San Francisco 96528-4230 Tel: [63] (32) 52044 or 52984 Telex 712-6226