National Aeronautics and Space Administration

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER’S ANNUAL REPORT FY12 TABLE OF CONTENTS

The Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) is seen during a field- guided boat tour of Kennedy Space Center, part of the center’s first-ever Innovation Expo on Sept. 5, 2012. The tour, called “Living Outdoor Laboratory for Environmental Sustainability,” gave employees the opportunity to see the unique estuarine ecosystems around the center.

FY2012 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER 1 A bald eagle is perched in a tree near the Shuttle Landing Facility at Kennedy Space Center, which shares a boundary with the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. CENTER DIRECTOR’S MESSAGE

n Fiscal Year 2012, Kennedy in August following a flawless liftoff tremendous progress with our Space Center celebrated from Cape Canaveral Air Force industry partners as they develop I five decades of extraordinary Station. The team continues to the spacecraft and launch accomplishments. We also began make all of us proud by conducting vehicles NASA needs to transport gearing up for a vibrant future that successful launches of a variety of our astronauts to and from the has us testing and launching the rockets carrying precious scientific International Space Station. most complex machines ever built. cargo. Kennedy also continues to help The Launch Services Program When Kennedy began operations ensure the station is fully utilized shared in the tremendous success July 1, 1962, as the Launch as a world-class research and of NASA’s Curiosity rover, a one- Operations Center, its founders technology demonstration platform. ton, mobile scientific laboratory that knew that the complex would The Center Planning and captured America’s imagination in a be a national resource capable Development Office continued its special way with its pinpoint landing of supporting a wide array of efforts to bring dozens of companies vehicles. We’re going to our unique facilities, including back to those roots with signing a deal with Space Florida the help of the Ground for The Boeing Company to begin Systems Development processing its CST-100 spacecraft and Operations Program in Orbiter Processing Facility-3 for by revamping existing future crewed missions to low-Earth infrastructure and facilities orbit. We also signed a five-year to give us the flexibility to agreement with Craig Technologies, host a variety of vehicles as which will use and maintain we transition to the launch Kennedy’s exclusive spaceflight complex of the future. processing and manufacturing Throughout the year, equipment until the agency needs to our Shuttle Transition and call on it again. Retirement group prepared NASA Administrator Charlie our decorated space Bolden announced this fiscal year shuttle orbiters for their that Kennedy’s new mobile launcher new homes in California, will be the starting point for NASA’s Virginia and at our visitor Orion crew capsule and Space complex where they will Launch System heavy-lift rocket, inspire the next generation which will provide an entirely new of explorers. capability for human exploration The agency recently beyond low-Earth orbit. entrusted us with its Kennedy, even in its 50th year, newest human spaceflight is the linchpin to NASA’s new and Robert D. Cabana program, a first for the established undertakings because Center Director center. The Commercial we are, and always have been, the Crew Program is making nation’s premier launch site.

FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER 3 VISION, MISSION & CORE COMPETENCIES

KSC Vision KSC is the world’s preeminent launch complex for government and commercial space access, enabling the world to explore and work in space.

KSC Mission KSC safely manages, develops, integrates and sustains space systems through partnerships that enable innovative, diverse access to space and inspires the nation’s future explorers.

KSC Core Competencies • Acquisition and management of launch services and commercial crew development

• Launch vehicle and spacecraft processing, launching, landing and recovery, operations and sustaining engineering

• Payload and flight science experiment processing, integration and testing

• Designing, developing, operating, and sustaining flight and ground systems, and supporting infrastructure

• Development, test and demonstration of advanced flight systems and transformational technologies

• Developing technology to advance exploration and space systems

4 FY2012 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER SIGNIFICANT EVENTS

1. Oct. 3, 2011: NASA and EDC renew Space Act Agreement NASA’s Kennedy Space Center and the Economic Development Commission of Florida’s Space Coast signed a new five-year Space Act Agreement that outlines economic development cooperation aimed at supporting current and future missions.

2. Oct. 4, 2011: Kennedy’s Crawlerway Evaluation Project Earns Award The Society of Civil Engineers presented the Florida Project of the Year award to the crawlerway system evaluation team at Kennedy Space Center.

3. Oct. 28, 2011: NASA’s NPP Satellite Launches A NASA Earth-observing satellite, the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Preparatory Project, or NPP, launched aboard a Delta II rocket at 5:48 a.m. EDT from Space Launch Complex 2 at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California.

4. Oct. 31, 2011: NASA Signs Agreement with Space Florida NASA announced a partnership with Space Florida to occupy, use and modify Kennedy Space Center’s Orbiter Processing Facility-3, the Space Shuttle Main Engine Processing Facility and the Processing Control Center. The Boeing Company will lease the facilities from Space Florida to process its CST-100 capsule.

5. Nov. 10, 2011: Pegasus Barge Departs Kennedy Space Center NASA’s Pegasus barge departed the center carrying space shuttle main engine ground support equipment to NASA’s Stennis Space Center near Bay St. Louis, Miss. The barge was used to transport external tanks for the space shuttle from Michoud Assembly Facility near New Orleans to Kennedy Space Center.

6. Nov. 26, 2011: NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory Launches NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory and car-sized rover named Curiosity launched aboard an Atlas V rocket at 10:02 a.m. EST from Space Launch Complex 41 on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida.

7. Dec. 25, 2011: Next Step in Developing Commercial Crew Program NASA’s Commercial Crew Program, managed by Kennedy Space Center, announced it would award multiple Space Act Agreements to a larger number of partners with the flexibility to adjust technical direction, milestones and funding.

8. Jan. 10, 2012: NASA Awards Launch Services Program Support Contract NASA awarded the Launch Services Program’s (LSP) Expendable Launch Vehicle Integrated Support 2 (ELVIS 2) contract to a.i. solutions Inc. of Lanham, Md. The LSP is managed by Kennedy Space Center.

9. Jan. 12, 2012: Shuttle Engines Begin Move to Stennis The first set of space shuttle main engines began their journey from Kennedy Space Center’s engine shop to NASA’s Stennis Space Center in south Mississippi. All of the shuttle main engines are planned to be repurposed for the agency’s Space Launch System.

10. Feb. 17–18, 2012: NASA Celebrates 50 Years of Americans in Orbit NASA’s Kennedy Space Center hosted several events at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex to honor the accomplishments of the Mercury program and its astronauts, including the two surviving members, John Glenn and Scott Carpenter.

FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER 5 SIGNIFICANT EVENTS

11. April 17, 2012: Space Shuttle Discovery Departs for Smithsonian Space shuttle Discovery, atop NASA’s 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, departed from Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility at about 7 a.m. EDT. Discovery flew above the Central Florida coastline and Brevard County before beginning its ferry flight to Washington, D.C. Discovery is now on display at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum’s Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, Va.

12. May 5, 2012: Former Shuttle Astronauts Inducted into U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame During a ceremony at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, three former shuttle astronauts, Franklin Chang-Diaz, Kevin Chilton and Charles Precourt, were inducted into the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame.

13. May 22, 2012: SpaceX Launches NASA Demonstration Mission to Space Station The SpaceX Falcon 9 and Dragon spacecraft lifted off from Space Launch Complex 40 at 3:44 a.m. EDT on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida on the second demonstration mission for NASA’s Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program.

14. May 23-26, 2012: Third Annual Lunabotics Mining Competition Kennedy Space Center was host to more than 50 teams of undergraduate and graduate students from the U.S. and eight countries as they participated in NASA’s Third Annual Lunabotics Mining Competition at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex.

15. June 4, 2012: International Space University Kicks Off at Kennedy Kennedy Space Center and the Florida Institute of Technology in Melbourne, Fla., co-hosted a nine-week intensive course for 125 post-graduate students and professionals representing 31 countries. An astronaut panel discussion on July 11 and the closing ceremonies on Aug. 3 were held at Kennedy’s visitor complex.

16. June 12, 2012: Prototype Lunar Prospecting Rover Viewing NASA’s Regolith and Environment Science and Oxygen and Lunar Volatile Extraction (RESOLVE) payload was installed on the rover Artemis Jr. at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center. In July, the RESOLVE team traveled to Hilo, Hawaii, for field tests in terrain similar to the moon.

17. June 13, 2012: NuSTAR Explorer Mission Launches NASA’s Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) launched aboard a Pegasus XL rocket at 12:01 p.m. EDT from the Kwajalein Atoll in the Pacific Ocean.

18. June 26, 2012: NASA Adds Antares Rocket to Launch Services II Contract The agency modified its NASA Launch Services (NLS) II contract with Orbital Sciences Corp. of Dulles, Va., to add the Antares launch vehicle for future Launch Services Program missions.

19. June 28, 2012: NASA Selects Contracts for Environmental Remediation Services NASA selected three companies to provide architect and engineering professional environmental remediation services at Kennedy Space Center. The companies selected were Geosyntec Consultants of Boca Raton, Fla., Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. of Cape Canaveral, Fla., and Tetra Tech of Pittsburgh, Pa.

6 FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER 20. July 1, 2012: Kennedy Space Center Celebrates 50th Anniversary NASA’s Kennedy Space Center celebrated 50 years of launching humans and machines to other planets and into low-Earth orbit. For a chart of the center’s five-decade history and a video that chronicles some of the center’s most impressive milestones, visit http://go.nasa.gov/y0VdRi.

21. July 2, 2012: Orion Crew Module Arrives at Kennedy Space Center NASA’s first space-bound Orion spacecraft arrived at Kennedy Space Center and was transported to the Operations and Checkout Building high bay. The first uncrewed mission planned for 2014, Exploration Flight Test-1, will launch atop a Delta IV rocket.

22. July 3, 2012: NASA Signs Agreement for Kennedy Space Center Equipment NASA signed a new partnership with Craig Technologies of Melbourne, Fla., to maintain an inventory of unique processing and manufacturing equipment at the NASA Shuttle Logistics Depot in Cape Canaveral, Fla., for future mission support at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center.

23. July 9, 2012: NASA Partners with Cella Energy on Hydrogen Technology In a green-energy effort, Kennedy Space Center signed a Space Act Agreement with Cella Energy Inc. that could result in the center’s vehicles being powered by hydrogen. Cella has offices in the center’s Space Life Sciences Laboratory.

24. July 26, 2012: NASA Selects Contract for Water and Wastewater Revitalization NASA selected RTD Construction Inc. of Zephyrhills, Fla., to provide construction services for the revitalization of Kennedy Space Center’s water distribution and wastewater collection systems.

25. Aug. 3, 2012: New Agreements for Next Phase of Commercial Crew Development NASA announced new agreements with three American commercial companies to design and develop the next generation of U.S. human spaceflight capabilities through the Commercial Crew Integrated Capability (CCiCap) initiative of the Commercial Crew Program. The CCiCap partners are Sierra Nevada Corp. of Louisville, Colo., Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) of Hawthorne, Calif., and The Boeing Company of Houston.

26. Aug. 15, 2012: NASA Awards Contract for Safety and Mission Support Services NASA selected A-P-T Research Inc. of Huntsville, Ala., to provide mission assurance, engineering and risk assessment services on the Safety and Mission Support Services II (S-MASS II) contract at Kennedy Space Center.

27. Aug. 30, 2012: Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission Launches NASA’s Radiation Belt Storm Probes, the first twin-spacecraft mission designed to explore Earth’s radiation belts, launched aboard an Atlas V 401 rocket, at 4:05 a.m. EDT from Space Launch Complex 41 on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida.

28. Sept. 6, 2012: Kennedy Space Center Hosts First Innovation Expo The First Innovation Expo for employees was held at Kennedy Space Center. The Expo showcased innovative and creative ideas from workers, offered tours of facilities and laboratories, and featured speakers from Central Florida companies.

29. Sept. 19, 2012: Space Shuttle Endeavour Departs Kennedy Space Center Space shuttle Endeavour, atop NASA’s 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA), departed from Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility at sunrise to begin its cross-country ferry flight to the Los Angeles International Airport. Endeavour is on display at the California Science Center in Los Angeles.

FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER 7 CENTER PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT

ennedy Space Center Center, which consolidates many academic partners. The directorate is in the midst of a separate facilities into one central serves as the “front door” for K transformation. What was administrative campus and upgrades potential partners seeking to do historically a government-only infrastructure to support a new business with Kennedy. launch complex is growing into a generation of launch vehicles and In June 2012, Britain-based busy multiuser spaceport that will explorers. Cella Energy reached an agreement continue to be a driving force in Partnerships are an integral part to produce micro-bead hydrogen future spaceflight, serving NASA as of the spaceport’s future. With an pellets to be used as fuel in cars. well as the local commercial space expert workforce, unique facilities Hydrogen produces pure water as industry. Kennedy’s Center Planning and an impressive array of available a byproduct when burned, helping and Development Directorate is technologies and services, Kennedy reduce the amount of carbon leading this vital change by providing Space Center has much to offer emissions. The space center a clear vision of the center’s future, commercial, government and has more than three decades of and establishing the plans experience handling raw and partnerships necessary hydrogen in its cryogenics to achieve this vision. and materials labs, and will Created as a center office therefore serve in a consultant in 2010, Center Planning and role in this partnership. Cella Development was formally Energy already has offices named a directorate in August in the spaceport’s Space 2012, and its role expanded Life Sciences Laboratory at to include management of Kennedy. Kennedy’s research and In another partnership technology partnerships. formed in June, Craig The center’s transition Technologies signed a into a more varied and five-year lease for the loan robust spaceport requires of 1,600 pieces of shuttle- careful planning. The Center processing equipment Planning and Development currently housed in the NASA directorate has worked with Shuttle Logistics Depot. NASA leadership as well Now that the agency’s as external stakeholders to shuttle fleet is retired, Craig develop a future development Technologies will maintain the concept incorporating equipment for future mission forward-looking business support and, with the help of and operation models based Space Florida, market these on key guiding principles. unique resources to attract This concept provides the foundation for a new master Working with Kennedy Space Center, UE Systems of Elmsford, N.Y., developed a long-range attachment for a plan for Kennedy Space detector that allows users to scan for electrical leaks and compressed air leaks safely and easily.

8 FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER A new sign on Space Commerce Way marks the entrance to Exploration Park near NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Managed by Space Florida, about 60 acres of land have been cleared for the first phase of construction. The park encompasses a total of 299 acres just outside the center’s security gates and is strategically located near the Space Life Sciences Laboratory to service diverse tenants who will engage in activities to support the space-related activities of NASA, other government agencies and the U.S. commercial space industry.

aerospace business to and the nation’s needs. These the Space Coast. partnerships enable NASA to impact Another role of the fields of health and medicine, Center Planning and transportation, public safety, Development is to consumer goods, environmental oversee the research, resources, and computer technology development and on a global scale. commercialization Kennedy Space Center’s of new technologies Technology Transfer Office signed that may support five patent licensing agreements future missions while this fiscal year. One of the licensees, offering benefits right Aviation Technologies, is currently here on Earth. The producing a cabin pressure directorate encourages monitoring device for the general cooperative aviation industry that will warn pilots partnerships in which of dangerous and deteriorating academia and other cabin pressure conditions that could government agencies lead to dangerously low levels of may work with oxygen. n Kennedy researchers, addressing NASA’s

Dr. Mason Peck, left, NASA’s chief technologist, examines an innovative conductive material during a tour of the Space Life Sciences Laboratory on July 30, 2012.

FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER 9 GROUND SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT & OPERATIONS PROGRAM

uring Fiscal Year 2012, communications systems. Workers and upgraded with state-of-the-art the Ground Systems also removed space shuttle-era work hardware. D Development and platforms from High Bay 3 to make A new “universal” flame deflector Operations (GSDO) Program office room for a more flexible concept is being designed for use with the at Kennedy Space Center continued that can accommodate a variety SLS, as well as various commercial to lead the way in transforming of spacecraft, including NASA’s vehicles. Liquid hydrogen and liquid the center from an historically heavy-lift rocket, the Space Launch oxygen propellant storage tanks government-only launch complex to System, and the Orion spacecraft. have been completely drained, become a spaceport bustling with At Launch Pad 39B, the rotating refurbished and painted to support activity involving government and and fixed service structures were launch operations for the next 20 to commercial vehicles alike. removed so that the pad is clean on 30 years. GSDO was tasked with top, surrounded by three 600-foot- The Launch Pad 39B team began developing and using the complex tall lightning protection towers. fabrication of the utility interfaces, equipment required to safely handle Each tower has a complete weather including potable water, freeze- a variety of rockets and spacecraft station with four levels for data protection water, chilled water and during assembly, transport and collection. fire suppression. Core drilling began launch. Beneath the pad, workers were to replace five mobile launcher-to- Inside the Vehicle Assembly busy removing more than 1.3 million pad interface pipes. Building, GSDO workers removed feet of cables, some dating back During the year, some of the parts hundreds of miles of cables to the Apollo era, and replacing of NASA’s trio of mobile launcher to replace it with state-of-the- them with fiber optics. Shuttle-era platforms were removed to support art command, control and systems also have been removed the agency’s SLS rocket and Orion spacecraft. The huge steel structures, which acted as launch bases for Apollo’s Saturn flights and every space shuttle mission, will have a part in serving the next American-made vehicles. The agency’s first space-bound Orion spacecraft arrived at Kennedy

Inside the Operations and Checkout Building at Kennedy Space Center, technicians monitor the progress as a crane lowers the Orion Exploration Flight Test 1 crew module toward the base of a birdcage tool, Sept. 5, 2012. The birdcage will be used to continue installation of external components in preparation for Orion’s first uncrewed test flight in 2014 atop a Delta IV rocket.

10 FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER Crawler-transporter 2 was moved along the crawlerway Nov. 8, 2012 to check out recently completed modifications to ensure its ability to carry launch vehicles such as NASA’s Space Launch System heavy-lift rocket to the pad. in June 2012. It now is being A full-size Orion spacecraft speed to the arm used during the processed and tested for flight in the mock-up was placed atop a model Apollo missions. It will have two Operations and Checkout Building of the service module in the VAB levels and incorporate hardware high bay. The first uncrewed mission transfer aisle in August. The mock- from NASA’s Apollo and Space of Orion, called Exploration Flight up stack, which is 27 feet tall, will Shuttle programs. The upper level Test-1 (EFT-1), is targeted to launch allow engineers and technicians to will include a new “White Room” that atop a Delta IV heavy rocket in 2014. determine the exact dimensions of provides access to the Orion crew A test of a new kind of “clean the connectors that will run from the module. The lower-level walkway room” that could be used to help mobile launcher to the spacecraft will provide access to two panels protect NASA’s Orion spacecraft before liftoff. The Orion model is on the spacecraft’s service module. from dirt and dust during processing a replica of the spacecraft and is The access arm will rotate out to the was performed in the VAB for empty on the inside, except for four crew module on giant Apollo-era several weeks in May. model astronaut seats and a hatch. hinges. A full-scale Orion model was used GSDO engineers are combining Engineers also completed a for the test that revealed a reduction heritage technology and new system installation and integration in airborne particulates. Developed innovations to design the crew of a test umbilical arm for the by Astrotech in Titusville, Fla., the access arm for the tower on the SLS system. The arm will support room has two 10-foot-high walls of mobile launcher that will be used for cryogenic, or supercold, propellant filter-equipped fans positioned 30 NASA’s Orion spacecraft atop the loading for the new rocket’s feet apart to push and pull the air SLS rocket. propulsion systems. It was mounted in one direction across the capsule. The mobile launcher’s new to the mobile launcher tower Another set of two clear walls 60-foot-long hydraulic crew access simulator at Kennedy’s Launch completed the box. It has no ceiling. arm will be similar in length and Equipment Test Facility for further

FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER 11 This computer-aided design image highlights the crew access arm that is being developed for the tower on the mobile launcher that will be used for NASA’s Orion spacecraft atop the Space Launch System rocket. checkouts and simulations. When The firing room of the future consoles, electrical and data cables testing is complete, some of the underwent extensive renovations so and raised flooring and are in the hardware will be reused as part of that it can support a variety of rocket process of replacing them with the Orion service module umbilical and spacecraft launches. Inside new equipment and raised flooring. on the mobile launcher. Launch Control Center Firing Room New software for the Spaceport One of NASA’s 1960s-era 1, known as the Young-Crippen Command and Control System that crawler-transporters, CT-2, received Firing Room, old monitors and is being developed in Firing Room several upgrades during the year. computers have been replaced with 3 will be used in the newly modified After two new Cummins diesel modern off-the-shelf workstations, Firing Room 1 to support testing and engine generator sets were installed, upgraded servers and modern launch operations. they were successfully started up cabinetry. Old wiring that transmitted GSDO’s accomplishments this in September to verify fluid levels, images from a single camera were year brought Kennedy’s historic maintain idle and running speeds, pulled to make way for a tiny fiber- facilities and unique assets closer monitor oil pressure and coolant optic cable that carries the signals to the goal of supporting the temperatures, check for leaks in the of more than 570 cameras from the process and launch of a variety of exhaust, coolant and fuel lines, and launch pad to the control room. government and commercial launch obtain vibration baseline data. Modifications to Firing Room vehicles and spacecraft, including The tests were performed in 3 began in September. The NASA’s Space Launch System order to prepare for CT-2’s rollout room is being converted from a and the Orion multi-purpose crew from the VAB to Launch Pad 39A to Space Shuttle Program support vehicle. n validate new upgrades and monitor configuration to a development lab performance of the giant transporter. area. Crews removed the legacy

12 FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER An artist illustration depicts NASA’s Space Launch System and Orion capsule on top of the mobile launcher at Kennedy Space Center’s Launch Pad 39B. GROUND PROCESSING

he Ground Processing hardware also were turned over to and Operations, as well as to other directorate used 2012 museums for use in shuttle exhibits federal government organizations T to increase the pace to showing the impact of NASA’s having reutilization potential, such transform Kennedy Space Center longest-operating crewed space as the Department of Defense. In as the space shuttle fleet was program. addition to significantly offsetting processed to serve as inspirational Ground Processing’s logistics programs’ costs, some of these museum exhibits and the facilities team transferred more than $1.1 items also will provide valuable around the center that served the billion of flight and ground hardware, spare parts that may no longer shuttles began refurbishment to host equipment and material that was no be in production by the original new rockets and spacecraft. longer required to support shuttle manufacturer. The remaining With three space shuttles flights and ground processing excess property items also are located on center at the beginning activities. More than half of these being screened as part of KSC’s of the 2012 fiscal year, much of assets were transferred directly for property disposal process to ensure Ground Processing’s work focused use on other active NASA programs, maximizing additional reutilization on preparing the history-making including International Space opportunities. vehicles for public display and Station, Space Launch System, The directorate came into removing elements of the shuttles Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle existence in 2011 to work through that could be used in future rockets and Ground Systems Development the center’s major program transition or spacecraft. The three orbiters following 30 years of operating were set up as requested by the space shuttle fleet. One of their respective destinations and the organization’s mandates is to two of them – Discovery and adapt the center’s unique abilities Endeavour - were flown from the and equipment from supporting center during 2012 to new homes a single spacecraft to a system in Washington, D.C., and Los that efficiently processes and Angeles, respectively. Atlantis, safely launches several different which is going on display at craft, many operated by a private Kennedy, was processed during enterprise. Fiscal Year 2012, but was not Ground Processing assisted signed into retirement until FY13. the Orion Program in establishing The transition and retirement a critical capability to fabricate effort, as it was known, included thermal protection system the proper disposition of components by facilitating thousands of pieces of shuttle manufacturing process hardware and support equipment. development in the Thermal The equipment was screened Protection Systems Facility. carefully during disposition to determine whether other programs Inside Kennedy Space Center’s Launch Control Center, workers prepare to remove the Public Affairs or agencies might be able to console from Firing Room 3, May 1, 2012. The console was moved to the Kennedy Space Center Visitor use it. Many elements of shuttle Complex and will be preserved for use in the space shuttle Atlantis display.

14 FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER worked with GSDO, ISS, LSP, CCP, emerging customers, CMO and others in providing expertise in configuration management and integration to ensure Ground Processing internal directorate success, as well as that of the customer programs, and participation in planning, programming, budgeting and execution processes to help ensure At the Shuttle Landing Facility at Kennedy Space Center during April 2012, the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft is positioned appropriate full-time- beneath space shuttle Discovery in the mate-demate device. Discovery was lowered and mated to the aircraft in equivalent contractor preparation for its departure from Kennedy. and other resources have been identified to This year, Ground Processing The directorate also worked meet customer requirements. transitioned Orbiter Processing closely with ongoing programs, Ground Processing’s expertise Facility 3 (OPF-3) to Space Florida including the International Space came into demand from other NASA and its sub-lessee, The Boeing Station, Space Launch System and launch sites, too, as the directorate’s Company. Ground Processing Orion Program, to provide critical staff provided expert test, systems established a solid relationship engineering and operations support engineering and operations support with both organizations so the in many diverse areas. to Wallops Flight Facility pad testing OPF can serve as a manufacturing Ground Processing provided in support of Orbital Sciences Corp. base for Boeing’s Crew Space critical operations and testing operational readiness. Transportation-100, known as the support for many payloads The Ground Processing CST-100. supporting the ISS program. The directorate will continue Ground Processing was Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas implementing modifications to aid instrumental in coordinating the Experiment (SAGE), Space Test Kennedy’s transition to a multiuser operational changes to access Program - Houston 4 (STP-H4), spaceport in the coming years. control, government property Nitrous Oxide Fuel Blend eXperiment A host of rockets and spacecraft removal, facility management and (NOFBX), GLACIER, OPALS, designs are maturing and Kennedy’s repair across KSC organizations. and Space Communication and facilities continue to adjust alongside The landmark Vehicle Assembly Navigation Testbed (SCaN) were them. From launch center changes Building (VAB) also was a focus among the significant projects to processing and launching of Ground Processing with the supported. expertise, Ground Processing offers directorate establishing the ability for The Ground Processing significant expertise in a wide area multiple programs and users to work directorate’s Project Control Division of spaceflight-related fields to an in the 525-foot-tall building at the worked with numerous customers increasing number of customers same time. Ground Processing also to develop and integrate products within and outside NASA. n developed a significant operations for program, project and institutional management function for the VAB. customers in 2012. The organization

FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER 15 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION GROUND PROCESSING & RESEARCH

n Fiscal Year 2012, the International Space Station Program facilities helped ensure that space International Space Station and the Space Life and Physical station customers’ payloads were I (ISS) Ground Processing and Sciences Research and Applications successfully prepared for flight Research Project Office at Kennedy Division at NASA’s Headquarters – on commercial and international Space Center continued its mission was to implement their technical, vehicles, while leveraging existing to process payloads and hardware cost, schedule and safety commercial partnerships for mission for delivery to the space station. The requirements at Kennedy. Several success. This included efforts to office also focused on sustaining major tasks were completed in order prepare and certify a spare flight plant biology research capabilities to meet this goal. Cupola Audio Terminal Unit. on-board the station, developing First, the office met mission Another task was to conduct robust space-bound experiments, requirements and major milestones and enable Kennedy flight and enabling the space station by preparing numerous space experiments in fundamental space to serve as a testbed for the station spare parts and hardware biology. The center’s ISS research development of new technologies. for the orbiting laboratory. Use of chief scientist participated in the The office’s main goal for Kennedy’s Space Station Processing release of a space biology NASA two different customers – the Facility (SSPF) and other support Research Announcement (NRA)

In a processing facility at Space Launch Complex-40 on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in April 2012, the Space Exploration Technologies Dragon capsule is rotated into a horizontal position for mating with the second stage of the company’s Falcon 9 rocket. Known as SpaceX, the launch will be the company’s second test flight for NASA’s Commercial Orbital Transportation Services program.

16 FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER Dr. Matthew Mickens, a plant biologist from North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State University, measures Cherry Bomb Hybrid II radish plants harvested from a plant growth chamber Aug. 3, 2012 inside the Space Life Sciences Laboratory at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center. The plant experiment at Kennedy is part of the Advanced Exploration Systems program in NASA’s Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate.

Space Test Program-Houston 4 (STP-H4) payload. Data collected will aid in the further development of the STP-H4 flight hardware currently scheduled to fly on the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s HTV-4 mission to the space station. for projects using the Advanced The former United Space Alliance Ground processing efforts Biological Research System Shuttle Lithium Hydroxide Lab at Kennedy also included (ABRS) and Biological Research in was successfully dismantled, with transportation container engineering Canisters (BRIC) hardware, currently the critical equipment and flight design modifications and intricate scheduled to be transported on components retained at the SSPF logistical execution required to ship SpaceX flights and operated by for future station use. the flight hardware from Florida to future International Space Station Tanegashima, Japan. research crews. Payload Processing Kennedy’s ISS team provided The office assisted the Center The team assisted with test equipment to Johnson Space for the Advancement of Science in launch and landing planning and Center in Houston to support Space (CASIS) by making 50 percent procedures for double middeck- the High Definition Earth Viewing of Kennedy’s space station research locker powered General Laboratory payload, which will remain in the hardware available for its customers. Active Cryogenic ISS Experiment Space Station Processing Facility CASIS manages the portion of the Refrigerator (GLACIER) payloads by (SSPF) high bay until approximately space station that operates as a conducting late-stow dry runs and two months prior to the SpaceX-3 U.S. national laboratory. fit checks with SpaceX’s Dragon launch. Columbus External Payload 9 capsule. Launch site ground Adapter interface cables also were Hardware Disposition processing for NanoRack Module-9 fabricated for shipment to Johnson Kennedy’s space station payload “coldbags” also was in support of the payload. Hardware Disposition Project completed in support of SpaceX’s The ISS team also continued closed out during FY12. There were May 2012 launch. with design and fabrication of more than 28,000 line items and Using the Payload Rack ground support equipment for the approximately 1.5 million piece parts Checkout Unit (PRCU) and Expedite Nitrous Oxygen Systems (NORS) handled by the team. The work the Processing of Experiments to the orbital replacement unit. Efforts included physical inspections; lifting Space Station (EXPRESS) Logistics included activities associated with and handling; packing; staging for Carrier (ELC), ISS simulators, the the Kennedy-designed ground-fill movement using forklifts, cranes and team successfully conducted post- adapter equipment set and the air pallets; and trucking. shipment functional tests of the NORS compressed gas trailer.

FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER 17 The International Space Station is the largest, most complex scientific project in history and was designated a National Lab in 2005. As a research outpost, the station is a test bed for future technologies and a research laboratory for new, advanced industrial materials, communications technology and medical research.

The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE)-III payload developers tested a suitcase simulator at Kennedy with the EXPRESS pallet adapter simulator. The data collected will assist the Langley Research Center team in Hampton, Va., to further develop the The Optical Payload for to the station. The team continues to suitcase simulators so they can be Lasercomm Science hardware work on science verification testing used to test the command and data is an unpressurized experiment which included a 28-day grow-out of handling of the SAGE-III hardware. scheduled for launch on SpaceX-3, red lettuce in one of the expandable The Kennedy team integrated and Kennedy’s team tested flight- growth pillows developed by Orbital two Passive Flight Releasable equivalent avionics for the payload Technologies Corp. (ORBITEC). Attachment Mechanism kits and using the PRCU and ELC simulator. The ISS Research design team built a lifting sling for installation on continued developing the Advanced the adapter plates and shipped them ISS Research Plant Habitat (APH) project. APH back to Langley. The Kennedy team made great will provide the research community The office’s accomplishments progress with design and fabrication a large, environmentally controlled, continue to maintain U.S. of the Deployable Vegetable System growth chamber for use on the leadership in space and in global (VEGGIE) for SpaceX-3 deployment space station. competitiveness and serve as a driving force for emerging technologies that will enable exploration and research through the space station and other platforms for the benefit of humankind.n

NASA astronaut Sunita Williams and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut Aki Hoshide service the Minus Eighty-degree Laboratory Freezer, in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station. Two investigations, Biological Research In Canisters (BRIC)-17-1 and BRIC-17-2 were launched on the second Commercial Resupply Services flight, or CRS-2, to the International Space Station.

18 FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER Inside the Space Station Processing Facility on Feb. 13, 2013, technicians prepare to move the Space Test Program-Houston 4 experiment before installing the shipping container cover that will enclose it. The experiment is one of the payloads that will be flown to Japan for the HTV-4 launch to the station this summer. LAUNCH SERVICES PROGRAM

uring Fiscal Year 2012, 5:48 a.m. EDT from Space Launch and response to severe weather NASA’s Launch Services Complex-2 at Vandenberg Air conditions such as tornadoes and D Program (LSP) at Kennedy Force Base (VAFB) in California. floods. Space Center launched four Six CubeSats were launched as NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory missions that support the agency’s secondary payloads. (MSL), with its car-sized Curiosity Science Mission Directorate and NPOESS is the next generation rover, launched on a ULA Atlas V Human Exploration and Operations of low-Earth orbiting environmental rocket at 10:02 a.m. EST, on Nov. Mission Directorate, continued to satellites. The data collected 26, 2011, from Launch Complex 41 support advance planning for about from the satellite as it circles the at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station 20 missions that are in the early planet approximately once every (CCAFS) in Florida. stages of formulation, and provided 100 minutes will be distributed MSL’s eight-month journey to the integration and launch services for to meteorologists at the National Red Planet was a success as the 12 missions already on contract. Oceanic and Atmospheric innovative and precise guided entry NASA’s National Polar-orbiting Administration (NOAA) and the and powered “sky crane” lowered Operational Environmental Satellite Department of Defense (DoD), Curiosity to the Martian surface. System (NPOESS) Preparatory as well as to climate researchers During its 23-month mission, Project (NPP) began its five-year around the globe. NPOESS will aid Curiosity will analyze samples drilled mission on Oct. 28, 2011, when it in reducing the potential loss of from rocks or scooped from the launched aboard a United Launch human life and property by allowing ground as it explores, assesses and Alliance (ULA) Delta II rocket at more efficient disaster planning characterizes the landing site region.

Under the watchful eyes of technicians at the Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility at Kennedy Space Center on Sept. 23, 2011, a rocket- powered descent stage is lowered by an overhead crane and integrated with NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory rover, known as Curiosity. During the mission, the descent stage lowered Curiosity to the surface of Mars.

20 FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER An Orbital Sciences’ Pegasus rocket and NASA’s Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, or NuSTAR, are delivered to the U.S. Army’s Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site on Kwajalein Atoll in June 2012. The Pegasus, mated to its NuSTAR payload, is secured beneath Orbital’s L-1011 carrier aircraft. It was launched from the aircraft 117 nautical miles south of Kwajalein.

The mobile laboratory will provide Living with a Star Program, began (ELVIS 2) contract to AI Solutions new data for understanding Mars on Aug. 30, 2012, when the twin Inc. of Lanham, Md. The ELVIS as a potential habitat for life, past or spacecraft, RBSP A and B, launched 2 contract will support LSP and present. aboard a ULA Atlas V rocket at 4:05 LSP-sponsored missions, activities The Nuclear Spectroscopic a.m. EDT from Launch Complex 41 and strategic initiatives for multiple Telescope Array (NuSTAR) explorer at CCAFS. NASA programs, the DoD, and mission launched from an Orbital The two spacecraft will make other government agencies and Sciences Pegasus XL rocket on measurements within the Van Allen commercial launch activities. June 13, 2012, at 12:01 p.m. EDT Radiation Belts, two donut-shaped The program continued to from the Kwajalein Atoll in the regions encircling the Earth, to help procure launch services for future Pacific Ocean. us further understand the sun’s NASA missions aboard ULA Atlas V NuSTAR is the first focusing influence on the Earth and near- rockets, and added the ULA Delta II, hard X-ray telescope to orbit Earth Earth space by studying the planet’s Orbital Sciences Antares and Space and allow astronomers to study the radiation belts on various scales of Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) universe in high energy X-rays. The space and time. of Hawthorne, Calif., Falcon 9 telescope will undertake a broad In November 2012, NASA rockets. range of scientific investigations, renamed the RBSP mission to the In April 2012, NASA selected from observing the Milky Way Van Allen Probes in honor of the late United Launch Services LLC (ULS) to searching for the remnants of pioneering astrophysicist James Van of Englewood, Colo., to launch exploded stars and peering into Allen. the Geostationary Operational galaxy clusters. In January 2012, NASA Environmental Satellites-R and The Radiation Belt Storm Probes awarded the Expendable Launch S, or GOES-R and GOES-S. (RBSP) mission, part of NASA’s Vehicle Integrated Support 2 The spacecraft will launch in

FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER 21 In Orbital Sciences’ hangar on Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, technicians have reinstalled half of the Pegasus fairing around NASA’s Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, or NuSTAR, and prepare to reinstall the other half.

October 2015 and February 2017, Passive, and Joint Polar Satellite launch vehicle certification approach respectively, aboard Atlas V rockets System-1 spacecraft. They are and processes. LSP partnered with from Launch Complex 41 at CCAFS. scheduled to launch in July 2014, the NRO for a Poly-Picosatellite In July 2012, NASA also selected October 2014 and November 2016, Orbital Deployer, or CubeSat ULS to launch the Orbiting Carbon respectively, aboard Delta II rockets mission, that successfully launched Observatory-2, Soil Moisture Active from VAFB. four NASA-sponsored CubeSats Also in July, NASA on NROL-36 aboard a ULA Atlas V selected SpaceX rocket, Sept. 13, 2012, at 2:39 p.m. to launch NOAA’s PST, from Space Launch Complex-3 Jason 3 spacecraft. at VAFB. It is scheduled to The term “CubeSat” is used to launch in December denote nano-satellites which are 2014, aboard a generally very tiny and are a viable Falcon 9 rocket from option for schools and universities Complex 4 at VAFB. across the world. About 50 LSP continued CubeSats are manifested to launch its partnerships with during 2013 and 2014. the U.S. Air Force For more information about and the National the Launch Services Program at Reconnaissance Kennedy, visit http://www.nasa.gov/ Office (NRO), centers/kennedy/launchingrockets/ particularly for index.html. n

The United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket carrying NASA’s Radiation Belt Storm Probes, or RBSP, lifts off Space Launch Complex 41 on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on Aug. 30, 2012. RBSP will explore changes in Earth’s space environment caused by the sun – known as “space weather.”

22 FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER On Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in November 2011, the 197-foot-tall United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket moves away from the Vertical Integration Facility during the vehicle’s rollout to the launch pad at Space Launch Complex 41. Atop the rocket is NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory. COMMERCIAL CREW PROGRAM

s the first human spaceflight human spaceflight program to be based at experience, to A NASA’s Kennedy Space United Launch Center, the Commercial Crew Alliance (ULA) Program (CCP) in Fiscal Year 2012 of Centennial, continued partnerships with a Colo., for its Atlas number of American companies to V rocket; Alliant achieve significant milestones in Techsystems Inc. the development of safe, reliable (ATK) of Promontory, and affordable low-Earth orbit Utah, for its Liberty transportation capabilities. Launch Vehicle; and NASA astronaut Rex Walheim checks out a Working from Space Act Excalibur Almaz Inc. of Houston Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) Agreements signed in Fiscal Year for its spacecraft during unfunded Dragon spacecraft prototype during a crew 2011, seven companies accelerated CCDev2 partnerships. accommodation milestone in Hawthorne, Calif., their spacecraft and launch vehicle Then in August of FY12, CCP in 2012. The primary goal of the milestone designs by collaborating with made another stride in its quest was to determine whether the layout will allow CCP during Commercial Crew to invest in commercial human astronauts to maneuver effectively in the vehicle. Development Round 2 (CCDev2). spaceflight systems that could Blue Origin of Kent, Wash., be called on by government or matured its Biconic Space Vehicle, commercial customers in the future. and then showcase how they would Pusher Escape System and Initially, the program was on track operate and manage missions from Reusable Booster System through to begin awarding contracts in FY12. launch through orbit and landing. a $22 million agreement; Sierra However, the program refined its The work performed during CCiCap Nevada Corp. (SNC) Space Systems course and issued additional Space is expected to set the stage for of Louisville, Colo., advanced its Act Agreements to adapt to budget a crewed orbital demonstration Dream Chaser spacecraft through circumstances while maintaining a mission in the middle of the decade. a $105.6 million agreement; The high level of competition. Through Under the Space Act Agreements, Boeing Company of Houston NASA’s Commercial Crew Integrated partners have the potential to put its CST-100 capsule through Capability (CCiCap) initiative, CCP receive up to the full award amount. rigorous testing through a $112.9 re-established partnerships with Boeing could receive up to million agreement; and Space three companies to advance fully $460 million to begin to finalize the Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) integrated crew transportation design of its CST-100 spacecraft of Hawthorne, Calif., invited NASA systems, each of which and how to integrate it with an Atlas astronauts to check out the interior encompasses a spacecraft, launch V. Work already is under way in a of its Dragon capsule and tested its vehicle and ground and mission former orbiter processing facility launch abort engines through a $75 operations plans. and adjacent engine facility at million agreement. Until May 2014, Boeing, SNC and Kennedy to house the production NASA also provided limited SpaceX will work through paid-for- and processing of the spacecraft. technical assistance, gained performance milestones to complete Engineering support is set to be during its more than 50 years of their designs, test their hardware, based at the Processing Control

24 FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER The Boeing Company’s mock-up CST-100 spacecraft goes through water landing development tests at Bigelow Aerospace’s headquarters outside of Las Vegas in 2012. Engineers with Bigelow dropped the capsule-shaped spacecraft into an outdoor pool from a crane more than four times to assess whether the airbags will stabilize the capsule during landings as planned.

40 at CCAFS. During CCiCap, these commercial systems are SpaceX will work toward a pad abort safe and reliable enough to test and in-flight abort test to show transport astronauts to and from it can get a crew away from the pad the International Space Station. or the rocket safely in emergency They’re continuing to work with situations. the Federal Aviation Administration SNC could receive up to $212.5 on commercial space statutes, million to further advance its Dream regulations, licensing processes, Center, also in Kennedy’s Launch Chaser spacecraft, which resembles safety reviews and range integration. Complex 39 area. The company NASA’s space shuttle but is smaller NASA’s Astronaut Office at Johnson partnered with ULA to launch its and based on improvements to the Space Center in Houston also is spacecraft atop an Atlas V rocket agency’s HL-20 lifting-body design. instrumental in making sure crew from Space Launch Complex 41 at It, too, has partnered with ULA to loft safety concerns and human factor Cape Canaveral Air Force Station its spacecraft from Space Launch checks are incorporated into designs. (CCAFS), a little more than seven Complex 41. As the only winged Beginning in FY13 and running miles away from Kennedy. As spacecraft under development for concurrently with CCiCap will be progress is made with Boeing’s crew transportation, the Dream the Certification Products Contract CST-100, ULA will work to outfit Chaser could utilize Kennedy’s (CPC) phase, the first of two planned its launch pad with the structures unique Shuttle Landing Facility certification phases. CPC will and systems necessary to support for traditional runway landings. allow companies to be innovative crewed missions, such as crew The company is gearing up for the in fully meeting agency safety and access walkways and emergency flight-test phase of development performance requirements as they escape systems. to demonstrate the spacecraft’s work with the agency to test and SpaceX could receive up to aerodynamics and controllability verify systems and subsystems. $440 million for its crewed Dragon during the approach-and-landing CPC and follow-on certification spacecraft and Falcon 9 rocket phase that culminates in a hard- efforts are set to maintain NASA’s combination. The next-generation surface runway landing and runway momentum in providing a U.S.- Falcon rocket will feature the rollout. Tests are planned to take based commercial crew launch company’s Merlin1D engine to place at NASA’s Dryden Flight capability to the space station at the provide greater lift capability to Research Center in Edwards, Calif. earliest possible time. n support the heavier weight of an The NASA teams astronaut crew plus cargo. SpaceX’s within CCP are ready CCP mission control will be based to carry the torch of at its headquarters facility in preserving America Hawthorne, while launches will take as a spacefaring place from Space Launch Complex nation by certifying

An Erickson Air-Crane helicopter lifts Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC) Space Systems’ Dream Chaser full-scale test vehicle to verify proper aerodynamic flight performance near the Rocky Mountain Metropolitan Airport in Jefferson County, Colo., in 2012. Data from the captive-carry test provided SNC an early opportunity to evaluate and prove hardware, facilities and ground operations in preparation for future approach-and-landing tests.

FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER 25 Celebrating 50 Years: 1962 – 2012

Three days after his history-making orbital flight in 1962, Cape Kennedy’s Mission Control Center during the unpiloted Gemini 1 flight astronaut John Glenn gives a double thumbs-up as he on April 8, 1964. accompanies President John F. Kennedy to Launch Complex 14 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.

Kennedy Space Center Director Kurt Debus (pointing), Marshall Space Flight Center Director Wernher von Braun and others react As the build-up for the Apollo missions to the moon continues, the Vehicle with excitement to the May 25, 1965 launch of Saturn-8. Assembly Building and Launch Umbilical Towers are under construction on Merritt Island.

The 500,000th visitor to take a NASA escorted bus tour, Donald A. Jackson of Sabina, Ohio, was welcomed at the new Visitor Information Center on Merritt Island on Aug. 1, 1967 by Kennedy Deputy Director Albert F. Siepert, left. Jackson toured the center with his wife Sue and their three children, Cheryl, Craig and Doug.

Gemini 8 lifts off on March 16, 1966, with astronauts Neil Armstrong and David Scott aboard. They completed the first-ever docking in Earth orbit. The first rocket launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Apollo 4, rolls out to Launch Pad 39A on Aug. 26, 1967. Lifting off with 7.5 million pounds of thrust, Apollo 4’s Saturn V rises off Launch Complex 39A on Nov. 9, 1967.

Apollo 7 lifts off atop a Saturn IB rocket from Cape Kennedy on October 11, 1968, with Walter Schirra, Donn Eisele and Walter Cunningham aboard. The Apollo 8 crew of Frank Borman, James Lovell and William Anders depart the crew quarters at the Manned Spacecraft In December Operations Building (now the Operations and Checkout Building) 1968, the first for launch on Dec. 21, 1968. They were the first astronauts to be stage of the launched from the Kennedy Space Center. Apollo 10 Saturn V space vehicle An American is hoisted above flag heralds the the transfer aisle launch of Apollo in preparation 11, the first lunar for stacking on a landing mission. mobile launcher in The Apollo 11 High Bay 2 of the Saturn V space Vehicle Assembly vehicle lifted off Building. July 16, 1969, with astronauts Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin aboard. Kennedy Space Center’s government-industry launch team members rise from their consoles in the Launch Control Center on July 16, 1969 to watch the Apollo 11 liftoff through a window.

Apollo 15 Lunar Module Pilot James Irwin and Commander David Scott participate in training exercises at Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 1971.

The Saturn V rocket for Apollo 17 is poised beneath a full moon on Launch Pad 39A during the launch countdown. Astronauts Eugene Cernan and The Skylab Orbital Workshop is lifted in the Vehicle Harrison “Jack” Schmitt became the sixth crew to Assembly Building in preparation for mating with land on the lunar surface in December 1972, while its Saturn V launch vehicle. NASA placed the space astronaut Ronald Evans remained in orbit in the station component into Earth orbit in May 1973. command module. In October 1976, transition from the Apollo era to the space shuttle is underway as the fixed The first service structure, left, is assembled at Launch space shuttle, Pad 39A. Columbia, launches on the STS-1 mission with John Young and Robert Crippen aboard, from Launch Pad 39A April 12, 1981.

Shortly after sunrise on Feb. 11, 1984, the space shuttle Challenger touches down on Kennedy’s runway at 7:16 a.m. EST. The historic first landing at Kennedy brought to a conclusion the nearly eight-day STS-41B mission. Space shuttle Discovery lifts off from Launch Pad 39A for its maiden flight, STS-41D, August 30, 1984.

The crew of STS-41B, the first spaceflight in history to begin and conclude a mission at the same site, leaves shuttle Challenger to be greeted by George Abbey, NASA’s director of Flight Crew Operations.

In Kennedy’s Spacecraft Assembly and Encapsulation Facility-2, Jet Propulsion Laboratory workers close up the metal “petals” of the Mars Pathfinder lander.

STS-135 Commander Chris Ferguson, left, and NASA Kennedy Space Center Director Bob Cabana express The Hubble Space Telescope is lifted into a their gratitude to the vertical position in Kennedy’s Vertical Processing thousands of workers Facility and prepared for launch on Discovery’s who processed, STS-31 mission in 1990. launched and landed the space shuttles for more than three decades during an employee appreciation event, July 21, 2011, after the final shuttle landing.

With NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory spacecraft sealed inside its payload fairing, the United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket rides smoke and flames as it rises from the launch pad at Space The International Space Station module Node 2, called Harmony, is lifted Launch Complex-41 on Cape from its workstand in the Space Station Processing Facility at Kennedy Canaveral Air Force Station on in February 2005. Nov. 26, 2011. SPACE SHUTTLE TRANSITION & RETIREMENT

n July 21, 2011, space shuttle Atlantis returned O from orbit for the final time, landing at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida completing an unprecedented record of space shuttle achievements. Utilizing the world’s first reusable spacecraft, shuttle crews conducted cutting- edge research, regularly deployed, retrieved and serviced satellites – including great observatories such as the Hubble Space Telescope – and built the largest structure in space, the International Space Station. During Fiscal Year 2012, Kennedy’s Space Shuttle Transition and Retirement Directorate, working closely with space program In an overhead view, technicians work inside the aft compartment of space shuttle Endeavour during operations contractor United Space the installation of three replica shuttle main engines in Orbiter Processing Facility-2. Alliance, continued work to prepare the shuttles for display and deliver removing containers that once held Orbital Maneuvering them to museums around the toxic propellants such as hydrazine System Pods and Forward country. As the shuttles are taking and oxidizers. This effort ensured Reaction Control System up residence in museums from New all dangerous commodities were The orbital maneuvering system York to Los Angeles, they begin completely drained, making the (OMS pods) and forward reaction a new mission of inspiring future orbiters safe for public display. control system (FRCS) were generations. removed and shipped to NASA’s Space Shuttle Main White Sands Test Facility in Las PREPARING SPACE Engines Cruces, N.M., for cleaning and SHUTTLES FOR During the processing of each deservicing. This work ensured MUSEUMS orbiter, realistic-looking replica the potentially harmful hypergolic shuttle main engines (RSMEs) propellants used in the OMS engines As each shuttle completed its were installed. The replica engines and thrusters were completely last flight, work began in the orbiter were prepared by Pratt&Whitney removed. processing facilities to deservice Rocketdyne in Kennedy’s Space Like the SSMEs, the OMS pods the spacecraft instead of reservicing Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) shop. engines were removed and replaced it for future missions. That work NASA is reassigning the actual with replica nozzles after the shuttles to deservice or decommission the SSMEs for use with the new Space arrived at their display sites. orbiters included the crucial task of Launch System heavy-lift rocket.

30 FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER Discovery off-load team of about 40 NASA and display at the Smithsonian’s Udvar- Following its final mission, STS- United Space Alliance employees Hazy Center. 133 in February and March 2011, arrived three weeks ahead to With the arrival of Discovery, shuttle Discovery began its final prepare the site. NASA transferred title and ownership preparations for its ferry flight. The Once the orbiters were removed of Enterprise to the Intrepid Sea, Air orbiter was towed from Kennedy’s from the SCA, the team completed and Space Museum in New York Vehicle Assembly Building to the preparations for display. The work City in December 2011. Mate-Demate Device on April 14, included removing the aerodynamic The Intrepid museum is located 2012, where it was mounted atop tail cone and configuring the aboard the retired World War II NASA’s Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, or replica main engines and installing aircraft carrier USS Intrepid. The SCA, a modified 747 jetliner. the mock-up orbital maneuvering aircraft carrier was the prime Three days later, Discovery and system nozzles. recovery ship for astronaut Scott the SCA took off from Kennedy’s Discovery now is on display Carpenter following his Mercury 7 Shuttle Landing Facility for the in the Smithsonian’s National Air orbital flight in May of 1962, and the trip to the nation’s capital. The and Space Museum, Steven F. ship also retrieved astronauts Gus popularity of the historic space Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, Grissom and John Young after they vehicle was evident as tens of Va. Discovery is set up as if sitting splashed down following Gemini 3 in thousands of people gathered on on the runway just after landing, March 1965. the national mall in Washington, allowing visitors to walk around the When Enterprise was flown to along the District of Columbia’s perimeter of the spacecraft. New York, thousands watched as highways and at Washington-Dulles the shuttle-SCA combination flew International Airport in Virginia to Enterprise near many of the city’s well-known watch the Discovery-SCA flyover The prototype shuttle orbiter landmarks. Following landing and landing. Enterprise was used in NASA’s at John F. Kennedy Airport, the Prior to each shuttle orbiter Approach and Landing Tests in shuttle was delivered by barge on reaching its new location, a Kennedy 1977. Since 2003, it has been on the Hudson River to the Intrepid museum. Enterprise now is displayed 10 feet off the surface allowing visitors to walk directly under the shuttle.

Endeavour The STS-134 mission, flown between May 16 and June 1, 2011, was the last flight of Endeavour. Following more than a year of deservicing, shuttle Endeavour was towed to the mate-demate device on Sept. 14, 2012, and lifted atop the SCA for its flight to Los Angeles. After a one-day weather delay, the Endeavour- SCA combination took off early on Sept. 19, stopping NASA’s Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, with space shuttle Endeavour mounted atop, makes a low-level pass over overnight at Ellington Field Kennedy’s Shuttle Landing Facility as it begins its ferry flight to California, Sept. 19, 2012. Endeavour was near NASA’s Johnson Space transported to Los Angeles where it was placed on public display at the California Science Center. Center in Houston.

FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER 31 Space shuttle team members proudly display an Atlantis flag as the spacecraft paused during its move from Orbiter Processing Facility-1 into the nearby Vehicle Assembly Building. The work was part of the Space Shuttle Program’s transition and retirement processing of the space shuttle fleet.

Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. On Aug. 16, Atlantis moved out of the Vehicle Assembly Building switching places with Endeavour, which had been in Orbiter Processing Facility-2. The transfer also was an opportunity for a “nose-to- nose” photo opportunity. As the Endeavour-SCA continued built transporter was used early in Scores of Kennedy employees and west, the combination made a low the Space Shuttle Program to move news media were on hand to take pass over Tucson, Ariz., as former orbiters from their manufacturing pictures during the activity. NASA astronaut Mark Kelly and his site in Palmdale, Calif. to Edwards Throughout the next three wife, former U.S. Rep. Gabrielle Air Force Base for ferry transport to months, technicians completed Giffords, watched from a rooftop Kennedy. final work for Atlantis’ display. at the University of Arizona. Kelly Endeavour traveled through Following these preparations, commanded Endeavour’s final Los Angeles streets on a two-day, Atlantis was transported to a new mission, STS-134. The shuttle 12-mile trip from the airport to 65,000-square-foot facility being continued on to the space agency’s the California Science Center. In constructed in the heart of the Dryden Flight Research Center at its new home, Endeavour will be Kennedy Space Center Visitor Edwards Air Force Base. After an on display along with the Space Complex’s Space Shuttle Plaza. overnight stay, the SCA conducted Shuttle Program’s history to inspire Inside, the 87-ton shuttle Atlantis low-level flybys around the future generations. Along with the will be mounted at a 43.21 degree Sacramento and San Francisco Bay orbiter, the California Science Center angle with payload bay doors open areas giving residents a once-in-a- pavilion will feature artifacts such in front of a large screen featuring lifetime opportunity to see a shuttle as the galley and the tires from views of the Earth from space. fly over their communities. STS-134, along with the Spacehab Guests will have an up-close view of Following passes over NASA’s module flown in Endeavour’s Atlantis as it appeared in orbit. Ames Research Center, Vandenberg payload bay on STS-118. Complementing the orbiter Air Force Base and NASA’s Jet display will be numerous Propulsion Laboratory, thousands Atlantis interactive features reflecting major in the Los Angeles area turned out Atlantis flew the final mission of accomplishments of the Space for a view of the shuttle. Finally, the the Space Shuttle Program between Shuttle Program, including exhibits SCA and Endeavour landed at Los July 8 and 21, 2011. Atlantis will focusing on the Hubble Space Angeles International Airport. The remain on Florida’s Space Coast Telescope and the International Kennedy team removed Endeavour joining NASA rockets, spacecraft Space Station. n from the SCA and placed it on the and artifacts from the Mercury, Overland Transporter. This specially Gemini and Apollo eras at the

32 FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER Space shuttle Discovery, mounted atop a NASA 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, flies over the Washington skyline as seen from a NASA T-38 aircraft on April 17, 2012. Discovery was transferred to the National Air and Space Museum’s Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, Va., to begin its new mission to commemorate past achievements in space and to educate and inspire future generations. ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

eveloping and improving for spaceflight hardware processing this type of tank was filled with liquid spaceflight technologies, and launch operations. For example, nitrogen at the center’s Cryogenic D designing and testing the directorate had a commercial Lab. Meanwhile, the Liquid Hydrogen hardware, and upgrading the off-the-shelf mast climber installed (LH2) Team took significant steps command-and-control infrastructure on the facility’s east tower to check forward in demonstrating “zero to meet tomorrow’s launch needs the climber’s viability for a project boil-off” integrated technologies, -- all of these vital tasks are the under way in the 525-foot-tall Vehicle in which refrigeration technology domain of Kennedy Space Center’s Assembly Building. Also fabricated keeps the commodity cold, instead Engineering and Technology and installed at the LETF were typical of allowing it to boil away to keep the Directorate. This dynamic services required by launch vehicles, remaining propellant at the required organization also works to sustain such as power, water, gaseous temperature. The LH2 Team also the unmatched expertise of the nitrogen, timing tests and more, made advances in automation of center’s research and technology in order to test their operational the valve and sensor controls used workforce. feasibility. This concept was proven during loading operations. The directorate operates the as a viable option to service future Another of the directorate’s Launch Equipment Test Facility launch vehicles. endeavors is the modernization (LETF), a one-of-a-kind, world-class In any launch operation, one of Kennedy’s infrastructure, with structure allowing engineers to test of the most complex, critical and the goal of providing an end-to- large-scale ground systems and costly activities is the loading end command and control system ground support equipment needed of chilled propellants, called for government and commercial cryogens, into the vehicle. customers using the center’s ground At Kennedy, cryogen- processing and launch capabilities. handling operations The team provided support to early have remained largely Launch Pad 39B ground subsystems unchanged through the testing, and delivered capabilities past 50 years. In an effort to to handle information flow within mature and advance these the system, Integrated Launch processes, the Engineering Operations Applications software, and Technology team is math models, and simulation managing two Ground systems development. Operations Demonstration The directorate supported Units. The Liquid Oxygen production activity on the NASA (LO2) Team successfully Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle’s performed a cryogenic Exploration Flight Test (EFT-1) crew loading test of a composite module, manufactured by Lockheed tank, marking the first time Martin in Kennedy’s Operations

Electrodynamic dust shield devices are tested in a vacuum chamber during reduced gravity flights aboard one of NASA’s aircraft. The simulations took place as the aircraft flew steep dives creating brief periods of gravity similar to the moon and Mars.

34 FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER and Checkout Building. Kennedy engineers acted as the central point of contact for production-related activities to Johnson Space Center’s design engineers. The Regolith and Environment Science and Oxygen and Lunar Volatile Extraction mission, better known as RESOLVE, is a drilling and chemistry laboratory designed to help look for hydrogen or water from aboard a lunar rover. The project Technicians with the Institutional Services Contract test the performance of a hypergol flight prototype passed several notable milestones pump at a facility on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. Kennedy engineers are developing during Fiscal Year 2012, including a and testing a high-technology gas pump system for integration to a Goddard Space Flight Center-led full integrated test completed with all project for bringing a tow truck with robotic servicing capabilities to satellites in space. three scientific instruments aboard the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) University,” a training curriculum Excellence (ACE). rover Artemis Jr. The directorate developed especially for Kennedy’s ACE serves as a multidisciplinary provided hardware systems design, engineers that provides more learning center for NASA civil development and fabrication than one hundred engineers an servants and partners in industry, for the Lunar Advanced Volatile opportunity to learn from a variety of academia, other government Analysis (LAVA) instrument, avionics technical experts in everything from agencies, professional associations design and fabrication, and the systems engineering and structural and foreign space agencies. ACE system software, including network analysis, to the latest in avionics hosts many of APPEL’s project communications. design. The skills obtained in these management, engineering and At the Engineering Development courses were put to the test in lab systems engineering training courses Laboratory (EDL), the directorate activities involving sounding rockets, and knowledge sharing forums. The established Kennedy’s new Swamp high-altitude balloons and uncrewed partnership fostered collaborations Works, an incubator for rapid, aerial systems. During 2012, Rocket with other organizations, including innovative and cost-effective University participants completed the European Space Agency, Japan solutions for exploration missions. two high-altitude balloon missions Aerospace Exploration Agency, With help from partners across carrying payloads they designed, Florida Institute of Technology, NASA, industry and academia, built and tested. The payloads Disney Imagineering and Kennedy’s concepts will start small – but included GPS, temperature sensors, Rocket University. build up fast. Kennedy’s Swamp recording media and command Since its October 2011 opening, Works relies on lean development capabilities, and all were successfully ACE has hosted more than 326 processes and a hands-on approach, tracked and recovered in both events and supported more than 202 with early-stage testing to drive missions. APPEL courses agencywide. design improvements.Swamp Works NASA’s Academy of Program/ Kennedy’s unique capabilities includes the Granular Mechanics Project & Engineering Leadership and talented workforce will remain and Regolith Operations Laboratory, (APPEL) partnered with Kennedy critically important as America’s Electrostatics and Surface Physics Space Center and the Office of the premier spaceport transforms Laboratory, an indoor regolith Chief Engineer to reutilize classroom into a versatile, multi-user launch simulant pit, robotics integration, and facilities no longer being used by center. The center’s Engineering and a checkout and assembly area. the contractor workforce after Technology Directorate is playing a Always striving to maintain the shuttle retirement. Classrooms and critical role in this transition, helping spaceport’s cutting-edge workforce, office space were repurposed to to set the stage for the explorers and the directorate created “Rocket create APPEL’s Academy Center for discoveries to come. n

FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER 35 ENVIRONMENTAL LEADERSHIP

ennedy Space Center remained in the forefront of K ecological leadership during Fiscal Year 2012 with its ongoing commitment to preserve and protect the environment. In line with the federal government’s mandate and NASA’s Strategic Sustainability Performance Plan, the center continued executing its first-ever Sustainability Plan, which includes hundreds of ways to reduce its footprint and conserve the environment inside Kennedy’s Kennedy Space Center’s Earth Day was held on April 14, 2012, during the center’s annual All-American gates. Sustainability goals Picnic. Workers and guests met NASA astronauts and visited vendor booths promoting green, include reducing greenhouse gas sustainable products and services. emissions; designing and building sustainable buildings, facilities steering and core teams to review Battery Recycling Program has and infrastructure; conserving the progress of projects. collected 1,216 pounds since and managing water resources; Kennedy also expanded its November 2011. minimizing waste and preventing waste diversion and recycling Kennedy’s 2012 Earth Day was pollution; purchasing sustainable programs by diverting nearly half of held April 14 during the center’s products and services; managing all its waste for reuse and recycling. annual All-American Picnic. electronic equipment and data Materials diverted from landfill NASA hosted vendors promoting centers responsibly; and integrating disposal and reutilized for other green, sustainable products and sustainability into local and regional purposes included about 3,257 services for commercial and planning. tons of concrete from construction residential use. Five unique stations In FY12, implementation of the projects; 1,539 tons of scrap located throughout the park took Sustainability Plan was well under metals; 951,445 pounds of mixed participants on a journey explaining way with numerous projects that office paper; 436,660 pounds of how Kennedy’s Environmental spanned those goals. Examples cardboard; 8,502 pounds of glass; Office aides in picnic greening. An of projects funded with recycling 9,009 pounds of aluminum cans; adventure called “Green-A-Teering” proceeds include: development of 23,096 pounds of plastic bottles; was designed to educate children, a recycling tracking database with and 41,408 pounds of electronic from ages four to 17, about the integrated mobile Quick Response waste from operations. Spent toner center’s greening efforts. Adults codes, waste concrete processing, cartridges were processed through also learned about products and solar powered signage at a badging Kennedy’s recycling contractor with services at vendor display stations. station, and evaluation of recycling 60 locations being serviced and Overall, Kennedy collected 1,100 spent blast media. Quarterly 350 cartridges collected through pounds of compostable material and meetings were held with the plan’s September 2012. The Alkaline 500 pounds of glass, aluminum and

36 FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER plastic, which were subsequently United States Air Force 45th Space five sites: Area 2 Repeater Building, sent to a recycler. Wing to dispose of more than Fire Station No. 6, Instrumentation During Kennedy’s first Innovation 1,100 excess ordnance items at the Facility Building Area, Operations Expo, the Earth Systems Modeling Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Support Building Area and the Pole and Data Management Lab was Explosive Ordnance Disposal Range Barn northwest of Jerome Road. open to the workforce. Ecological during 2012. This local disposal Kennedy also treated more than 24 Program field tools such as traps, saved the Space Shuttle Transition million gallons of groundwater to transmitters, receivers, binoculars, and Retirement Program an remove 10,744 pounds of volatile snake protection and other personal estimated several hundred thousand organic compounds at 12 remedial protection equipment were on dollars in off-site shipping and systems. display. Live rattlesnakes and other disposal costs. The Florida Department of examples of wildlife, information Kennedy’s Environmental Environmental Protection provided pamphlets and the Ecological Compliance Program continues regulatory approval on 56 work Program web page were highlighted. to perform well. State and local plans and reports from ongoing A series of boat tours showcased regulatory agencies conducted site investigations and cleanups. the protected area of the Banana formal environmental compliance Remediation staff co-authored paper River, and emphasized the unique inspections at Kennedy in the and poster presentations given at relationship that Kennedy has with areas of hazardous waste, air the International Conference on the regional ecosystem as a “living emissions, landfill compliance, Remediation of Chlorinated and outdoor laboratory” and its value to petroleum storage tanks, stormwater Recalcitrant Compounds in 2012. the community. management, industrial wastewater Workshop participants included Kennedy continues to remain and septic systems with no scientists, engineers, regulators and a top performer for the agency by significant findings or violations. other environmental professionals exceeding federal energy reduction Kennedy’s environmental staff representing government agencies, goals. The center far exceeded conducted more than 600 internal universities, consultants and the 21 percent goal from the 2003 inspections in 2012 to proactively research, development and service baseline by achieving a 35 percent identify and correct environmental firms from around the world.n energy intensity reduction in Fiscal compliance issues. Year 2012. This reduction was Kennedy continued its robust the result of increased awareness Environmental at the center, periodic meetings Remediation and communications within the Program to Energy Working Group, further identify and clean collaborations with Kennedy’s up environmental Construction of Facilities Office, contamination increased efficiency investments, from past and facility condition audits and programs. assessments. Kennedy’s A one-megawatt solar power environmental generation facility constructed by remediation Florida Power & Light at Kennedy actions concluded continues to provide power back soil cleanups to the center. This facility saves initiated in 2011, Kennedy more than $160,000 removing more in energy costs and reduces than 1,193 tons A Kennedy worker gets hands-on experience with greenhouse gas production by more of soil contaminated with metals, a plant experiment in the Operations Support than 1,000 tons annually. polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons Building II during the center’s 2012 Innovation Kennedy partnered with the and polychlorinated biphenyls at Expo, Sept. 6, 2012.

FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER 37 EDUCATION

uring Fiscal Year 2012, Kennedy Space Center’s D Education Office team pursued multiple avenues in its quest to introduce as many people as possible to the adventure of exploration and the wonders of space. Whether managing agencywide programs, forming strategic partnerships or planning entertaining, family-oriented events, their goal to promote science, technology, engineering and mathematics – the STEM disciplines High school teams tinker with their robots during the regional FIRST robotics competition at the – to every student or teacher who University of Central Florida in Orlando, Fla. in March 2012. More than 60 teams took part in the crossed their paths was at the competition called “For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology” (FIRST) in hopes of forefront. advancing to the national robotics championship. In all, Kennedy hosted 65 college- or university-level interns. Another Projects that Kennedy manages EPSCoR’s Minority-Serving 59,904 students and teachers for the agency are the Experiment Institution (MSI) Faculty Engagement were reached through formal K-12 Program to Stimulate Competitive competition, to promote strong and educational programs. Research (EPSCoR), Minority meaningful partnerships between University Research and Education research universities and minority- Programs (MUREP) Small Projects serving institutions. (MSP), the NASA Lunabotics Mining Minority Innovation Challenges Competition and the Interdisciplinary Institute (MICI), an MSP grantee Science Project Incorporating managed by Florida A&M University, Research and Education generated the participation of (INSPIRE). In addition, Kennedy 13 minority-serving institutions. shared oversight for Motivating Currently, 269 faculty and 1,324 Undergraduates in Science and students are enrolled in MICI, Technology (MUST) with NASA’s representing 425 colleges including Glenn Research Center. 126 MSIs. Among the events sponsored NASA’s Lunabotics Mining through these programs was Competition is designed for

Rocket University participants prepare to launch a high-altitude balloon flight and instrument package. Taking place in July 2012, the test flight was used to evaluate the stability of an instrumented capsule as it fell to Earth before its parachute opened.

38 FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER At the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, Lunabotics UAM Team students from the Universidad Autonoma Metropolitano in Mexico transport their lunabot to the Lunarena during NASA’s Lunabotics Mining Competition. The mining competition is sponsored by Kennedy’s Education Office for the agency’s Exploration Systems Mission Directorate.

Anniversary Scout Show. Workshops presenting techniques to stimulate student involvement in university-level students to design International Space University (ISU) STEM were held for educators from and build an excavator, or Lunabot, team project to answer the question the International Space University to mine and deposit a minimum “What can space contribute to and Links Incorporated. of 10 kilograms of lunar simulant global STEM education?” with a Other partnerships were formed within 10 minutes. In the third hands-on microgravity educator with the National Institute of annual competition, 55 U.S. and workshop June 15. Kennedy Aerospace (NIA), Revolutionary international teams competed during also provided an astronaut panel Aerospace Systems Concepts the six-day event. discussion July 11 for all 134 ISU Academic Linkage (RASC-AL), the Others were the Human participants of the intensive nine- LEGO “Build the Future Event,” the Exploration and Operations Mission week aerospace program. Kennedy Tom Joyner Morning Show Family Directorate (HEOMD) Senior Design co-hosted the 2012 ISU session with Reunion, and Florida Afterschool Project for engineering students and the Florida Institute of Technology. Network (FAN) Board Meeting. the Exploration Space Grant Faculty Kennedy’s Education Office The Kennedy Education staff Workshop to prepare instructors partnered with nationally recognized engaged an additional 91,858 to implement NASA’s Exploration organizations and service groups teachers and students through less senior engineering design course. to provide support and hands-on formal, family-oriented activities The annual MUST symposium activities for events such as the throughout the year. n provided student attendees with University of Scouting and the 100th 21st century leadership skills workshops and a Career Pathways session with representatives from NASA and key aerospace contractors. Kennedy also participated in National Laboratory Day, as well as Morpheus Education and Public Outreach activities. Education supported an

During Brevard County Space Week at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, teams of five students use kits with plastic pieces to build a space station-like truss. Following construction, weights were added to determine how much weight their truss would support.

FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER 39 OUTREACH TO THE WORLD

ennedy Space Center’s events and launches K garnered world attention during Fiscal Year 2012. As NASA’s three space shuttles were retired and transitioned for display at locations in California, Washington, D.C. and Florida, Kennedy focused its attention on NASA’s Space Launch System, expendable launch vehicle missions, the Commercial Crew Program and new technology development. Communication efforts enabled the center to provide timely and accurate information to the media, elected officials, community leaders, students, educators and the general The international news media takes part in a question-and-answer session with Mercury astronauts public. John Glenn and Scott Carpenter at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida, Feb. 17, 2012. Using media releases, traditional The astronauts were taking part in events celebrating 50 years of Americans in orbit, an era that began and social media, special events, with John Glenn’s Mercury/Friendship 7 mission on Feb. 20, 1962. speakers, educational events, briefings to legislators and exhibits, also gained noted attention from the news releases, still photographs, Kennedy’s accomplishments are news media. Numerous research video footage, tapes, CDs and DVDs communicated to the broadest topics also were covered during were distributed to media outlets audience in an effort to inform, 2012, along with the departure of showcasing NASA’s future plans. educate and inspire. NASA’s retired space shuttles to The staff of the news media museums. operation also adjusted so NASA News Media Operations Information was channeled via could take advantage of interest Kennedy Space Center live and taped interviews, news in the space agency from people remains a primary focus for news conferences, media updates, printed deeply involved in social media organizations in the United States fact sheets and newsletters, exhibits reporting. Kennedy opened its media and around the world that report on and social media outlets, including services to more than 200 attendees the ongoing exploration of space. websites, blogs and Twitter updates. of various NASA Social events in Reporters, television personalities Other avenues of communication 2012. and photographers offered their included Kennedy’s high-definition audiences updates and detailed NASA TV broadcasting of launches, Kennedy Web Presence features relating to the launches conferences and events; streaming The Kennedy Space Center Web of missions to Mars and the video of Kennedy events; digital site continued to draw a worldwide radiation belt around Earth. The imagery on the multimedia gallery, audience during 2012. The center’s first operational SpaceX mission to and a full-service office catering home page at www.nasa.gov/ deliver cargo to the space station to professional journalists. Video kennedy attracted close to 2 million

40 FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER views, outpacing the performance minute information straight from a local, national and international of other NASA centers, government control room console to the reader. visitors. In partnership with NASA, agency websites and many Kennedy’s Web video products the visitor complex’s operator, commercial sites. included feature videos and Delaware North Companies Parks The Kennedy Web team detailed podcasts, as well as highlights of & Resorts, engaged in dynamic, the retirement of NASA’s space launches and landings. transformative projects bringing shuttle fleet and highlighted the the new era of space exploration to program’s accomplishments for Display Management Team its visitors, while honoring the past the public using the shuttle section During Fiscal Year 2012, the accomplishments of the American at www.nasa.gov/shuttle, which Display Management Team (DMT) space program. received more than 12 million views that supported 44 events reached The visitor complex developed, during the past year. Kennedy’s Web out to about 1 million people. The marketed and implemented team created the Space Shuttle events took place in six regions innovative programs to increase Era collection of feature stories and of Florida and Georgia. DMT also attendance. Special launch videos documenting space shuttle operations. This section highlights the technology and people who supported this program for the past 30 years and can be found at http:// www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/ shuttle/flyout/index.html Kennedy’s social media presence, under the username NASAKennedy, became a standard for many to find out the latest news from the space center increasing the fan base to more than 220,000 likes on Facebook, and roughly 379,000 followers on Twitter. YouTube climbed to more than 27,000 subscribers with more than 3.5 million video views. Kennedy’s Display Management Team took the NASA message to the National Basketball Association’s During the year, the Web team All-Star Jam in Orlando, Fla., Feb. 22-26. Attendees waited in line to experience the inflatable provided launch processing and planetarium and learn how NASA plays a part in their favorite sport. countdown coverage for three expendable launch vehicle missions, supported several nationwide viewing opportunities were offered Mars Science Laboratory, RBSP agency events. In all of the outreach for rockets blasting off from the and NuStar, along with a SpaceX efforts, DMT looked to highlight the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. demonstration flight and SpaceX’s many contributions that the shuttle Three new “Up Close” special first operational resupply mission to program has made to the U.S. and interest tours were introduced with the International Space Station. An the world, while emphasizing what’s overwhelming success. The tours international Internet audience was to come in the near future. take visitors behind-the-scenes to kept up-to-date during countdowns areas that were previously restricted and landings with frequent updates KSCVC to the general public for more than to the mission’s main page along Kennedy Space Center Visitor 30 years, including the Vehicle with photo and video galleries. Complex shared NASA’s story with Assembly Building, the Launch NASA’s Launch Blog provided more than a million people during Control Center and for the first time live commentary and up-to-the- 2012, an audience that included Launch Pad 39A.

FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER 41 Construction progressed steadily during 2012 on the permanent home of space shuttle Atlantis, the cornerstone project of the complex’s transformative master plan for the next 10 years. When the massive new exhibit hall is completed, visitors to the attraction will be immersed in the history, stories and science of the Space Shuttle Program through state- of-the-art interactive exhibits including galleries dedicated to the Hubble Space Telescope and the International Space Station. Delaware North continued to make progress on the overall master plan, including completing a new front entrance to the complex. The new entrance configured to out” viewing opportunities to Atlantis will be displayed at a new bring guests into the iconic rocket the general public for shuttles 90,000-square-foot facility being constructed at garden opened in September. A Discovery and Endeavour as they Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. Inside, complimentary new dining option departed Kennedy for museums in the 87-ton shuttle Atlantis will be mounted at an located in the Rocket Garden Washington, D.C., and Los Angeles angle with payload bay doors open in front of a also opened. The new restaurant where they now are displayed large screen of views of the Earth from space. includes exciting menu options and permanently. Guests will have an up-close view of Atlantis expansive outdoor seating. The visitor complex continued as it appeared in orbit. Image credit: PGAV The complex collaborated to successfully operate two retail Destinations for Delaware North Companies with several partners to plan stores in the Orlando International Parks & Resorts. and deliver exciting events to Airport and offered a variety of engage the public. In January, robust educational programs geared including the three programs the complex commemorated toward inspiring the next generation headquartered at the center. Elected the 50th anniversary of U.S. of explorers. More than 17,000 officials also attended the launch of orbital flight with a celebration students participated in Camp the first SpaceX Commercial Orbital featuring Mercury astronauts KSC, Overnight Adventures and Transportation Services (COTS) John Glenn and Scott Carpenter. the Astronaut Training Experience. demonstration flight, flyout events Other events throughout the year For more than 45 years, the visitor for both Discovery and Endeavour, included a day-long celebration of complex has operated as a self- and significant events such as Kennedy’s 50th anniversary, the supporting entity funded solely the signing ceremony of Orbiter third annual Lunabotics Mining through revenues earned through Processing Facility-3 from NASA Competition, induction of the 11th admission, retail and food sales. to Space Florida for production of group of Space Shuttle Program The Boeing Company’s CST-100 astronauts into the U.S. Astronaut Government Relations capsule. Officials also attended a Hall of Fame, and a weekend of Elected officials from federal, ceremony in the Operations and exhibits and special presentations state and local levels toured Checkout Building to mark the leading up to the landing of the Kennedy facilities to learn more arrival of the Orion spacecraft that “Curiosity” rover on Mars. The about the wide range of activities will fly the Exploration Flight Test-1 visitor complex also offered “fly- happening at the center in 2012, mission, known as EFT-1. U.S. Sen.

42 FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER Bill Nelson was a keynote speaker at witness the their departures from Belt Storm Probes (RBSP), and the 50th anniversary of U.S. orbital Kennedy atop the Shuttle Carrier SpaceX COTS demonstration were flight, honoring Sen. John Glenn and Aircraft. viewed by members of Congress, Scott Carpenter, hosted at Kennedy Kennedy, in partnership with business and agency leaders, in February. the Florida Institute of Technology, medical and legal professionals, The center’s senior management hosted the 2012 International Space teachers and students. team participated in numerous University 25th Space Studies forums and meetings throughout Program for 134 students from 31 Speakers Bureau Florida concerning the future of countries for the nine-week program. Kennedy’s extensive network Kennedy and the space industry. Kennedy also held events of professional engineers, During the year, Kennedy Director for past and present employees technicians and other experts in Bob Cabana spoke before the and the community to honor and rocketry took part in the center’s League of Cities meeting hosted recognize their great achievements speakers program. In 2012, they by the City of Cape Canaveral, during Kennedy’s 50th anniversary attended more than 300 events and the Brevard County Board of celebrations. throughout Florida, Georgia and Commissioners, where he accepted Guest Operations continued to Puerto Rico. They reached more a Brevard County Resolution inspire and engage the public by than 57,000 children and adults celebrating Kennedy’s 50th hosting more than 12,000 guests through career days, community anniversary on behalf of the center. for exciting Launch Services events and professional talks. Senior management and industry Program science missions and a Kennedy employees reached an representatives joined Cabana to COTS demonstration mission to additional 85,000 people through visit with state legislators during the International Space Station. 400 non-Speakers Bureau outreach Florida Space Day in the state’s Launches of the “Curiosity” rover opportunities. n capital. and its landing on Mars, Radiation Cabana met with members of the Florida Congressional Delegation in Washington, D.C., in support of NASA’s Office of Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs’ annual “Day on the Hill” event and detailed Kennedy’s plans and activities to the Brevard legislative delegation.

Guest Operations Kennedy’s Guest Operations staff enabled more than 9,000 guests of NASA and its center partners to safely participate in behind-the- scenes Kennedy tours, including educational briefings provided by center engineers and operational experts in 2012. As Kennedy prepared space shuttles Discovery and Endeavour for departure to museums across the country, more than 2,500 employees NASA Administrator Charlie Bolden and Leland Melvin, NASA associate administrator for Education, talk and special guests were given the to agency social media followers at Kennedy Space Center, Aug. 23, 2012, during the second day of opportunity to view the orbiters and NASA Social activities revolving around the Radiation Belt Storm Probes mission.

FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER 43 KENNEDY BUSINESS REPORT

Budget Highlights retention of Space Shuttle Program The International Space Station records. Where possible, the (ISS) Program provided $73 million he Kennedy Space Center Transition and Retirement Program in budget to Kennedy, which allowed FY 2012 budget was more transferred functional shuttle for continued success toward T than $1.8 billion. The center hardware and facilities to other achieving and maintaining the ISS also performed $78.5 million in NASA programs or partners. program mission of fully utilizing a reimbursable work with other The Commercial Crew Program permanent human outpost in space. government and commercial entities. (CCP) partnered with multiple Kennedy mission efforts afforded The Space Shuttle Transition and aerospace companies in Fiscal provisions for ground processing Retirement Program (T&R), including Year 2012, investing $310 million to support for experiment hardware, total Space Program Operations advance the development of crew as well as orbital replacement units Contract (SPOC) impacts, executed space transportation systems for needed to maintain the ISS. In an $88 million budget, and enabled future missions to low-Earth orbit, addition, the budget provided for the successful safing and transfer including the International Space ongoing development of hardware of NASA’s four space shuttles Station. Space Act Agreements intended to promote full utilization to various museums across the are enabling CCP’s partners to of the ISS through the establishment country. FY 2012 activity also work through paid-for-performance of fundamental biological research included the safing, disposition and/ milestones to complete their capabilities. or transfer of shuttle hardware and designs, test their hardware and The Launch Services facilities. This involved the overseas then showcase how they would Program (LSP) executed a $448 Trans-Atlantic Abort Landing sites, operate and manage missions from million budget, both direct and as well as the dispositioning or launch through orbit and landing. reimbursable. LSP supported continued on page 46 NASA/KSC Budget Authority Summary FY 2010 through FY 2012 ($ in Millions)

$2,175 $2,302 $1,849 2,500

2,000

1,500

($ in Millions) 1,000

500

0 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 SPOC 857 553 71 KSC 1,318 1,749 1,778

44 FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER Kennedy Space Center FY 2012 Budget Authority ($ in Millions)

FY 2012 KSC Budget by Elements ($ in Millions)

Labor $270 (15%)

Travel $6 (1%)

Direct Procurement $1,502 (84%)

FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER 45 ECONOMIC IMPACT

o fulfill its mission, NASA and is generated through tourism and purchases within the state of its contractors and partners out-of-state visitors to the Kennedy Florida. This monetary injection T require a range of goods and Space Center Visitor Complex, its into the local Space Coast and services, both technical and non- support of NASA launches, and state economy of Florida induced technical, from expendable launch aerospace business travel to the a total economic impact of $2.15 vehicles, propellants and computer region. Each round of spending billion and generated 16,500 jobs. systems, to motor vehicles, facilities recirculates NASA’s initial demand The report concludes that every and office supplies. To meet NASA’s among Florida’s businesses and space-related dollar spent in Florida demand, local contractors employ households, multiplying the direct results in another dollar of output, workers, produce products, fund impact on the economy. and every space-related job creates payrolls and generate output. These Kennedy periodically conducts an additional job within the Florida workers and contractors generate an economic impact analysis to economy. While the overall NASA additional impacts as they spend measure NASA’s effect on the impact was found to be significantly their income and place orders with economy at the local, regional lower in FY 2012 from its FY 2009 other local or regional firms for and state levels. The assessment peak, Kennedy remains by far the materials and services. Salaries paid found that in FY 2012, of the $17.8 major economic driver in Brevard to employees create and generate billion NASA budget, Kennedy and County and a major contributor to business in the communities where other NASA centers spent $1.3 the economic health of Florida. n they live. Further economic activity billion in wages and commodity

continued from page 44 four successful mission launches: Program budget of $373 million cleanup activities. Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) included both Exploration Ground Kennedy’s Center Management and Radiation Belt Storm Probes Systems and the 21st Century Space and Operations (CMO) budget (RBSP) from Cape Canaveral Air Launch Complex. It provided for the provided $377 million in FY 2012 Force Station in Florida, Suomi modernization and augmentation of to maintain the center’s essential National Polar-orbiting Partnership current and future ground systems infrastructure and core technical (NPP) from Vandenberg Air Force design, development and ground capabilities. It also sustained the Base in California, and Nuclear operations infrastructure to facilitate center’s safety and engineering Spectroscopic Telescope Array the activities of future customers and technical authorities. The budget (NuSTAR) from Kwajalein Atoll in the stakeholders, including government allowed for the implementation of Marshall Islands. The program also agencies, commercial industry, and agency Chief Information Officer procured launch vehicle services and current and future programs such as initiatives, provision of business other support for several manifested the Space Launch System and Orion systems support with improved missions scheduled to launch in FY Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle. Other internal controls, and enabling of 2013 and beyond. key projects included enhancements NASA’s future missions. n The Ground Systems Develop- to the range, payload processing ment and Operations (GSDO) capabilities and environmental

46 FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER FY 2012 Total Economic Impact of All NASA Activities in Florida by Geographic Area

For every job at Kennedy, an additional job is created elsewhere within the state of Florida, each dollar of wages was multiplied into $2.02 in total income and each dollar of total direct spending for commodity purchases and wage payments was multiplied into $1.99 of output production.

FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER 47 WORKFORCE OVERVIEW

ennedy Space Center is individuals fulfill a multitude of tasks. 94 NASA students, 4,913 on-site the most broadly based, At the end of each year, the and near-site contractor employees, K complex and successful center takes a snapshot of its 913 tenants and 390 construction launch center in the world. Both workforce. This picture includes all employees on the center. There NASA and contractor personnel federal and contractor employees was an 11 percent decrease in working at the center are essential to chartered to work for Kennedy. the contractor workforce during the success of Kennedy. Other organizations, such as the fiscal year 2012. The civil servant The workforce includes people European Space Agency and Patrick skill mix includes those in science, with many skills who are dedicated Air Force Base, have roles here but technology, engineering and to supporting the nation’s space are not reflected in these numbers. mathematics positions and those program and NASA’s future As of Sept. 30, 2012, the total in professional administrative and explorations. To accomplish the Kennedy population was 8,319. This clerical positions. n agency’s various missions, these includes 2,009 NASA civil servants,

Kennedy Space Center Workforce Profile (through 9/30/12)

Civil Servants 2,009 Co-ops and Students 94 Total Civil Servants 2,103

Civil Servant Skill Mix Scientific, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics 68% Clerical and Professional Administrative 32%

On-site Contractor Employees 4,664 Off-/Near-site Contractor Employees 249 Total Contractor Employees 4,913

Total Construction Employees 390

Total Tenants 913 TOTAL KSC POPULATION 8,319

48 FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER PROCUREMENT REPORT

he companies listed below propellants handling at the center. Services (CAPPS) contract. were some of Kennedy Boeing’s primary purpose was T Space Center’s top support Space Exploration to support all aspects of payload contractors or launch services Technologies Corp. processing for the International contractors in terms of dollars Space Exploration Technologies Space Station, space shuttle and obligated in Fiscal Year 2012. Corp. (SpaceX) supported NASA’s expendable launch vehicles (ELVs). Following is a brief description of goal to foster activity leading to the As a partner in NASA’s CCDev2 their work for the agency: development of orbital commercial initiative, Boeing supports NASA’s crew transportation systems. goal to foster activity leading to the United Launch Services Under its funded Commercial development of orbital commercial LLC Crew Development 2 (CCDev2) crew transportation systems. Under United Launch Services LLC (ULS), a Space Act Agreement, SpaceX is its funded CCDev2 Space Act subsidiary of United Launch Alliance, developing an integrated launch Agreement, Boeing is continuing brought The Boeing Co., Delta abort system design for the Dragon development of the CST-100 crew Launch Services Inc. and Lockheed spacecraft and evaluating crew capsule, including maturation of Martin Commercial Launch Services accommodations. the design and integration of the together. ULS provided launch capsule with a launch vehicle. services to NASA using the Delta QinetiQ North America – II and Atlas V vehicles under two Mission Solutions Group Sierra Nevada Corp. of three existing multiple-award, QinetiQ North America – Mission As a partner in NASA’s CCDev2 indefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity Solutions Group (QNA) provided initiative, Sierra Nevada Corp. task order contracts. The principal engineering products and services supports NASA’s goal to foster location for the Delta II vehicle to Kennedy’s Engineering and activity leading to the development assembly is Decatur, Ala. The Atlas Technology Directorate and other of orbital commercial crew vehicle is assembled in Denver, center and agency operational transportation systems. Under Colo. Both vehicles launch from customers. QNA provided its funded CCDev2 Space Act Cape Canaveral Air Force Station laboratory and developmental Agreement, the company is maturing (CCAFS) in Florida and Vandenberg shop maintenance and operations, the design and development of the Air Force Base (VAFB) in California. technical services, spaceflight Dream Chaser space system. systems engineering and URS Federal Technical engineering development. QNA also Abacus Technology Corp. Services Inc. conducted technology outreach to Abacus Technology Corp. provided URS Federal Technical Services Inc. foster awareness and utilization of communication and information provided base operations support Kennedy’s unique capabilities. technology services under the for Kennedy. URS was responsible Information Management and for operations, maintenance and Boeing Space Operations Communications Support (IMCS) engineering for specific Kennedy Boeing Space Operations was the contract. Abacus supported the facilities, systems, equipment and prime contractor for the Checkout, majority of these requirements at utilities, as well as calibration and Assembly and Payload Processing Kennedy, which included support

FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER 49 to agency programs, such as ambulance services and emergency for various ground and flight ELV space shuttle, payloads, launch management. The company also systems, missions and payloads. services and the International manages NASA’s Protective Services Space Station. Services provided Training Academy and instruction for RTD Construction Inc. include hardware and software federal law enforcement training for RTD Construction Inc. provided integration development, computer all NASA centers. construction services for the administration and maintenance, revitalization of Kennedy’s water voice and data transmission, library, AI Solutions Inc. distribution and wastewater graphics, publications, printing and Under the Expendable Launch collection system. RTD services reproduction, and IT security. Vehicle Integrated Services 2 included the replacement of more (ELVIS 2) contract, Al Solutions than 125,000 linear feet of existing Chenega Security & Inc. was responsible for asbestos cement potable water Support Solutions LLC performing and integrating the mains with ductile iron pipe, and the Chenega Security & Support overall programmatic expendable replacement of more than 25,000 Solutions LLC (CS³), teamed with launch vehicle (ELV) business and linear feet of sewer force main G4S as its subcontractor to provide administrative functions, including via open cut and pipe bursting. protective services support for NASA program and project planning, The company also made manhole at the center under the Kennedy risk management, evaluation and lining repairs, installed associated Protective Service Contract. These information technology. Services electrical and communications comprehensive and cohesive provided include the management, equipment and wiring, as well as a services include physical security operation, maintenance and radio frequency communications operations, Emergency Response sustaining engineering of NASA’s system for lift stations. Teams, personnel security, badging, ELV communications and telemetry 911 dispatch center, fire and rescue, stations located at CCAFS and fire prevention and fire protection VAFB. AI Solutions Inc. also engineering, aircraft rescue and provided engineering services and firefighting, advance life support studies, and technical services

Local business representatives attend NASA’s Historically Underutilized Business Zone (HUBZone) Industry Day and Expo, Oct. 16, 2012, at Cruise Terminal 4 at Port Canaveral in Florida. The annual trade show was sponsored by Kennedy Space Center’s Prime Contractor Board, the U.S. Air Force 45th Space Wing and the Canaveral Port Authority. It featured about 175 large and small businesses and government exhibitors from Brevard County and across the nation.

50 FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER Your Procurement Dollars at Work Geographical Distribution by State (Fiscal Year 2012 Obligations)

STATE TOTAL DOLLARS STATE TOTAL DOLLARS

ALABAMA 2,705,422 MISSOURI 31,455

ARIZONA 101,510 MONTANA 14,943

ARKANSAS 36,441 NEVADA 1,216,162

CALIFORNIA 152,898,420 NEW HAMPSHIRE 219,125

COLORADO 412,793,464 NEW JERSEY 3,204,723

CONNECTICUT 4,290,049 NEW MEXICO 746,762

DELAWARE 88,170 NEW YORK 639,471

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 319,646 NORTH CAROLINA 3,588,340

FLORIDA 194,078,927 OHIO 2,829,370

GEORGIA 632,731 OKLAHOMA 7,433

HAWAII 13,350 OREGON 241,513

ILLINOIS 289,267 PENNSYLVANIA 10,299,789

INDIANA 276,048 RHODE ISLAND 23,560

IOWA 95,682 SOUTH CAROLINA 304,382

KANSAS 845,489 TENNESSEE 3,154,053

KENTUCKY 500,333 TEXAS 144,624,677

LOUISIANA 11,183,845 UTAH 120,197

MARYLAND 301,327,987 VERMONT 5,231

MASSACHUSETTS 950,375 VIRGINIA 231,331,105

MICHIGAN 1,267,704 WASHINGTON 121,007

MINNESOTA 245,990 WISCONSIN 971,727

TOTAL $1,488,638,875

FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER 51 Top 25 KSC Business Contractors for FY 2012

Contractor Dollars

UNITED LAUNCH SERVICES, LLC 314,903,100

BOEING SPACE OPERATIONS COMPANY 182,830,277

URS FEDERAL TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. 179,555,600

SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. 144,351,849

QINETIQ NORTH AMERICA, INC. 140,846,994

SIERRA NEVADA CORPORATION 96,100,100

ABACUS TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 90,538,007

CHENEGA SECURITY & SUPPORT SOLUTIONS, LLC 30,964,834

AI SOLUTIONS, INC. 25,602,289

RTD CONSTRUCTION, INC. 22,313,170

SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION 17,852,263

SPEEGLE CONSTRUCTION II, INC. 14,129,127

REYNOLDS SMITH AND HILLS INCORPORATED 14,016,809

JONES EDMUNDS & ASSOCIATES INC 10,679,104

AIR LIQUIDE LARGE INDUSTRIES U.S. LP 10,040,696

REDE-CRITIQUE 9,670,710

INOMEDIC HEALTH APPLICATIONS, INC. 9,523,856

CANAVERAL CONSTRUCTION CO., INC. 8,770,995

INNOVATIVE HEALTH APPLICATIONS, LLC 8,589,009

SPACE GATEWAY SUPPORT 8,275,188

SPACE GATEWAY SUPPORT, LLC 7,729,489

MILLENNIUM ENGINEERING AND INTEGRATION CO 7,434,981

BREVARD ACHIEVEMENT CENTER, INC. 7,128,034

TETRA TECH NUS, INC. 5,538,561

ANALEX CORPORATION 5,359,440

TOTAL $1,372,744,482

52 FY12 | KENNEDY SPACE CENTER National Aeronautics and Space Administration John F. Kennedy Space Center Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899 Public Affairs Directorate www.nasa.gov

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