Meditative in-action: an endogenous epistemic venture Giuseppe Pagnoni1,2* and Fausto Taiten Guareschi3 1Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy 2Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy 3Istituto Italiano Zen S¯ot¯oSh¯ob¯ozanFudenji, Salsomaggiore Terme, PR, Italy *Corresponding author:
[email protected] Abstract The theoretical framework of active inference proposed by Karl Friston is currently one of the more actively developed research areas in neuroscience. According to this theory the brain adapts its synaptic activity and architecture in such a way that it de facto comes to mirror the causal structure of events that the organism both en- counters and actively induces in its environment. In this contribution we show how active inference can provide a useful perspective to better understand the processes engaged by contemplative practices. More specifically, and focusing on the practice of shikantaza (‘just sitting’) in the Japanese Zen S¯ot¯otradition, we argue that med- itation enacts a peculiar policy with high endogenous epistemic value, whereby the practitioner accrues an intimate, but not necessarily explicit, knowledge about her- self. This superordinate policy entails the embodied, active suspension of our habitual reward-seeking and punishment-avoidance behavior, an attitude epitomized by the tra- ditional notion of mushotoku (Jap. ‘nothing to be attained’). From this perspective, we also critically examine some popular claims about meditation that we believe are likely to be misconstrued, and may not be without personal, social and even political consequences. 1 1 A minimal introduction to active inference 2 Ma sedendo e mirando, interminati spazi di là da quella, e sovrumani silenzi, e profondissima quiete io nel pensier mi fingo But sitting here in a daydream, I picture The boundless spaces away out there, silences Deeper than human silence, an infathomable hush L’Infinito, Giacomo Leopardi (transl.