Map 2001-35 Port Saunders

5730OI 25I 20I 15I 10I 5I 5700OI 5045OI 5045OI GOVERNMENT OF Mv Mv Me Op Mv / /Op R/Rw / R Tb C R R R/Rw NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR ST. JOHN BAY Op Department of Mines and Energy Geological Survey Op LANDFORMS AND SURFICIAL GEOLOGY Op GICAL S O UR Mv L V Op O E Rc E Y OF THE PORT SAUNDERS MAP SHEET R/Rw G R Op Mv R/Rw

Op Op / N R R R HIGHLANDS E Op Op W O D (NTS 12I/11) F Op O A U R Op Op N B D 1864 A Op Mv L L / Op Mv C A N N D PORT AU CHOIX Op R R / D A R/Mv R R R Op Me C OF PENINSULA R/Mv Op R/Rw LANDFORM CLASSIFICATION MAP 2001-35 Op

Mr Op R/Rw Each outlined area is assigned a classification consisting of up to three genetic categories and modifiers that designate the LANDFORM CLASSIFICATION types of deposits within each area. Each category, within a classification, is listed in order of dominance and is separated from Mr R/Mv Mv Mv ST. JOHN POINT RICHE Port au / /Op R the other categories by a slash (e.g., Tv/R). Generally, the areas are divided so that three landforms or deposit types are GENETIC Mv R Tb identified within a given area. The classification system is also used to denote the approximate percentage of landforms Choix Fluvial Colluvial Aeolian Glaciofluvial Lacustrine Marine Glacial Organic Rock R R occurring within an outlined area, but those which compose less than 5 percent of the area are not included in the classification. Mt MORPHOLOGY (F) (C) (E) (G) (L) (M) (T) (O) (R) PENINSULA Op Four variations of the landform system are as follows: Mv Mv / /Op Me R Tb 1. Where three different landforms are included in a single map unit they are each separated by a single slash (/) and their (a)apron Ca R/Mv Mt C relative percentages are (60 - 85), (15 - 35), and (5 - 15) . blanket (b) Fb Cb Gb Lb Mb Tb Ob R/Mv Mv/R R concealed by Point Riche C C Fv/Op 2. Where two landforms are included in a single map unit, a double slash (//) or single slash (/) is used to separate them, Cc Rc Op R R and their relative percentages are (85 - 95) and (5 - 15) for double slash, or (60 - 85) and (15 - 40) for a single slash. vegetation (c) Mv Mv R/Rw Mr / /Op Op Op 1000 drumlinoid (d) Td R Tb Rr 3. A hyphen between two landform types indicates that they are approximately equal in area. For example, Tv-Rc indicates Mv/R Ca/R eroded and Re that till veneer and rock concealed by vegetation or a thin regolith are equal in area. dissected (e) Fe Ce Ee Ge Le Me Te Fv/Op F/G Op (f)fan Ff Cf Gf C 4. A composite symbol is used to show combinations of the above cases. For example,T indicates that about 60 - 85 Mv Mv Mv / /Op Op R percent of the area is covered by fluvial sediment, 15 - 40 percent by glaciofluvial sediments, and is underlain by till. R Tb R Op/Mv hummock (h) Eh Gh Th R Cv/R C (k)kettle Gk Tk R The striation data reported on this map has been referenced from the Newfoundland Striation Database (Taylor et al., 1994) Rr/Tv Fv/Op (l)lineated El Tl Ol Me R E Op/Mv C Mv C/Op (p)plain Fp Gp Lp Mp Tp Op C LANDFORM CLASSIFICATION: GENETIC R N Mv/R Op (r)ridge Fr Er Gr Lr Mr Tr Or Rr E Op/Mv R Op/Mv 250 Depositional Op Mv (t)terrace Ft Gt Lt Mt Tt Rt W /R Symbol Environment Origin and Characteristics of Materials Op Th A Mv/Tb/Op (v)veneer Fv Cv Ev Gv Lv Mv Tv Ov I L Rr/Tv I 40 Op/Mv 40 F Fluvial Alluvium consisting of silt and clay to bouldery gravel, forms terraces and plains Op Mv Mv Rw / /Op associated with modern stream channels, their floodplains and deltas; usually less weathered (w) Mv T R Op Op/Mv than 1 m thick; deposited by fluvial action at or below maximum flood levels INGORNACHOIX R complex (x) Gx Lx Mx Tx Op/Mv C Colluvial Colluvium consists of coarse-grained bedrock derived materials, but may Op Mv/Tb/Op undivided F C E G L M T O R Mv/R Mv Mv Rr/Tv include sand, silt or clay, accumulates on the lower parts, or at the base of steep / /Op R T R rock faces; transported by gravity Op Mv /R Op Th Op BAY Op E Aeolian Medium to fine grained sand and silt, well sorted, poorly compacted; commonly occur SYMBOLS Mv Mv as dunes up to 10 m high; transported and deposited by wind Mv/R / Op Rr/Tv Tb R Op Geological boundary (assumed)...... T.

S G Glaciofluvial Fine grained sand to coarse grained cobbly gravel occur as plains, ridges (eskers), Rc/Mv Op 250 Geological boundary (gradational) ...... Mv/R Op hummocks, terraces and deltas; generally greater than 1 m thick; deposited as Op l l outwash in an ice-contact position or proglacially l l Mv Mv l l Op / Scarp face at edge of fluvial terrace ...... l l Tb R Mv/Tv/Rr l Mv/Tb/Op Rr/Tv L Lacustrine Silt, clay, gravel and sand occur as plains and blankets; silt and clay deposited in

Esker (flow direction known or assumed, unknown) ...... Op Op freshwater lakes from suspension, sand and silt by lake-floor currents, gravel and v Mv Op sand by shoreline wave action Meltwater channel (small, large) ...... Mv /R R R M Marine Clay, silt, gravel and diamicton; sand is present in some places, generally moderately Mv Mv Crestline of major moraine ridge ...... Mv Mv / to well sorted and commonly stratified, but may be massive; occurs as beach ridges, / /Op Fv Tb R T R deltas, terraces and bars deposited in a marine environment; gravel and sand by Trend of ribbed or minor moraine ridges ...... Mv/R Op shoreline wave action; may include shells, clay and silt deposited from suspension Mv Mv Mv Beach ridges ...... /R / Op Rr/Tv and turbidity currents; gravel is generally a wavewashed lag R Mv Mv Op Tb R / Op Mv/Tv/Rr Middle T R T Glacial Includes all types of till; composed of diamicton; transported and subsequently Crevasse fill ridge ......

F Rc/Tv Pond deposited by/or from glacier ice with no significant sorting by water

O Sand dunes ...... Mv Mr/Tv O Bog Poorly drained accumulations of peat, peat moss and other organic matter; R Pond developed in areas of poor drainage Drumlin ...... Mv/Rr/Op H a Op Crag-and-tail hill ...... w R Rock Bedrock k Op es Mv /R Mv/Tv/Rr Fluting ...... R H Mv Mv Rc/Tv Mv/Op a / Mv Rôche Moutonnée ...... r Tb R Mv/Tv/Rr Rr/Rc bo Brook R ur HAWKES BAY Striation (direction known, unknown) ...... Op LANDFORM CLASSIFICATION: MORPHOLOGY

Mv/Op Hawkes l l l l l l l l l

l l l l Mv/Rr/Op Kettle hole (small, large) ...... l Spirity Point Mv/Op Bay

sh l l l l l l l

l l l l

l l l l l Rr/Rc/Tv Sinkhole (small, large) ...... l Rc/Tv sh Symbol Morphology Description M/Rr Observation site ...... Mv

F Mv/Rr/Op Op Mv/Op Op Op R a apron A relatively gentle slope at the foot of a steeper slope, commonly used to describe L Mv/Rr/Op Op colluvium at the base of a rock escarpment; consists of materials derived from the usually Elevation in feet above mean sea level. Contour interval 50 feet. U Mv/R Western Mv/R/Op R steeper upper slope

G Mv/Op Op NOTE : All symbols and classifications may not occur on this map. Op Mv /Op R Op Mv/Rr/Op b blanket Any deposit greater than 1.5 m thick; minor irregularities of the underlying unit are Mv/Op masked but the major topographic form is still evident Op Mv Op R Mv/Tv/Rr Op Op Op Op Mv c concealed by Vegetation mat developed on either colluvium surfaces or a thin layer of angular frost- Mv Geology by D. N. Proudfoot and L. St. Croix, Geological Survey, Department of Mines and Energy, Government of Newfoundland /Op R M/Rr R Op vegetation shattered and frost-heaved rock fragments overlying bedrock; includes areas of shallow Op/Mv/R Mv/Rr/Op Mv/Tv/Rr R/Cv and Labrador. 35I Mv/Rr/Op Te 35I (less than 1 m), discontinuous overburden Op Mr/ /Op Op Mv/Rr/Op Rr Digital Cartography by T. Paltanavage, map editing by D. M. Taylor, Geological Survey, Department of Mines and Energy, Op Op Tv Mv Op Op Cv/ d drumlinoid Elongate ridge(s) between 1.5 and 20 m high, 20 and 300 m wide, and 200 to 5000 m Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. Mv R Mv/R/Op Op Mv/Op /Op Op R Op Op long; ridges have a rounded end pointing in the up-ice direction and gently curving sides R Op Op Copies of this map may be obtained from the Geoscience Publications and Information Section, Geological Survey, Department Op/Mv/R Op Op Op Op that taper in the down-ice direction; exhibit a convex longitudinal profile, commonly with a Op of Mines and Energy, P.O. Box 8700, St. Johns, Newfoundland, Canada, A1B 4J6. Op Op steeper slope in the up-ice direction; consist of subglacially formed deposits shaped in a Mv/Tv/Rc E-mail: [email protected] Mv streamlined form parallel to the direction of glacial flow; commonly consists of till, although /Op Mv Mv Op Op Op http://www.geosurv.gov.nf.ca R / Mv/Tv/Rc some may contain stratified drift; may have a rock core Mv/Op Op T R R/Cv Mv/Op Op Op Mv /Op Th Op Mv R/Cv e eroded and Series of closely spaced gullies or deeply incised channels; can have a dendritic pattern or OPEN FILE 012I/11/0257 Op Mv Mv/C Op Op dissected may be a single straight or arcuate channel; gullies and channels may contain underfit Mv Mv Mv Te R/Cv PUBLISHED 2001 Op /Op R / Op Mr/ /Op streams Mv/R/Op R T R Rr Tv Op Cv/ Mv Mv Mv Op R This map supercedes Map 91-155 50 /Op / Op Op f fan A gently sloping accumulation of debris deposited by a stream issuing from a valley onto a Mv/R/Op Th Op T R Op Mv/C Op Op R/C lowland; has its apex at the mouth of the valley from which the stream issues; the fan shape Mv/Tv/Rr results from the deposition of material as the stream swings back and forth across the Reference Mv Mv Mv/Op / Op Op Tb R Mv/C lowland; fluvial fans are usually derived from eroded glacial and glaciofluvial deposits; Taylor, D.M., St. Croix, L. and Vatcher, S.V., 1994: Newfoundland striation data base. Newfoundland Department of Mines and O O glaciofluvial fans (deltas) are deposited in standing water rather than a terrestrial Energy, Geological Survey Branch. 174 pages, Open file NFLD 2195 (version 3). Little Brook Pond / Te Op Mr Mv M R Mr/ /Op R/Cv Mv/C Rr environment; colluvial fans are derived from bedrock and are usually steeper (i.e., cone Tr Mv shaped) Mv Tr /Op Th R/Cv Tv Recommended citation: Cv/ h hummock An apparently random assemblage of knobs, mounds, ridges and depressions without any Mv Bryants Mv R /Op /Op Op Op Op pronounced parallelism, significant form or orientation; formed by glacial melting during ice Mv /Op Th Th Proudfoot, D. N., and St. Croix, L. Th stagnation and disintegration; includes subglacial, englacial, supraglacial and stratified 2001: Landforms and Surficial Geology of the Port Saunders Map Sheet (NTS 12I/11), Newfoundland C/Mv Mv materials Department of Mines and Energy, Geological Survey, Map 2001-35, Open File 012I/11/0257 Tv /Op Op Mv/ Th R Op R/Cv Op Op k kettle A basin or bowl-shaped closed depression or hollow in glacial drift; results from the melting Mv Op Te of a buried or partly buried detached block or lens of glacier ice; commonly occurs in Mt Op /Op Raft Op Mr/ /Op Op Th Op Rr Op association with hummocks Op Pond Op Op R River of l lineated Elongate spindle-shaped ridge(s) between 6and 60m high, 75 and 300 m wide and up to Ponds 4000 m long; ridges are commonly straight sided, taper at one or both ends, and have a flat Op longitudinal profile; consist of subglacially formed deposits shaped in a streamlined form Mt Op Op Op parallel to the direction of glacial flow; commonly consist of till, although some may contain 60° 58° 56° 54° 52° Mv/R Te stratified drift; may have a rock core. Includes slope lineated bogs (Ol) Labrador C/Mv Mr/ /Op Op Mv/Gx Rr 12P Mv //Op Mv Tv 2M /Op Op Cv/ p plain A comparatively flat, level, or slightly undulating tract of land; materials are either till, St. NEWFOUNDLAND T Th R Anthony Op ked Feeder Pon glaciofluvial, alluvial, marine, lacustrine or organic sediments; bedrock features are 51° 0 50 100 150 51° Mt For d commonly masked by the overlying sediments km Tv/R Mv /Op Op Th 2L Mv /Op Te r ridge Narrow, elongated and commonly steep-sided feature that rises above the surrounding 12I Th Op Mr/ /Op Te Rr terrain; materials are either rock, till, glaciofluvial, fluvial, marine, lacustrine, aeolian, or 50° 50° Mr/ /Op Rr organic sediments. Includes string bogs (Or) 2F Mv Mv 12G 12H 2E /Op /Op t terrace Long, narrow, level or gently inclined step-like surface, bounded along one edge by a Deer Th Th Lake ° Gander ° Mv/R Mv/Gx Tv steeper descending slope or scarp and along the other by a steeper ascending slope or 49 49 Mv Corner /Op Cv/ Grand Mv Mv R scarp; materials are either till, glaciofluvial, fluvial or lacustrine sediments; generally BrookBrook //Op //Op Th Falls T T River of Ponds Lake formed by fluvial and glaciofluvial erosion and marine wave action 12B 12A 2D 2C Mv/R Op Rc//Ov Op Stephenville Me Op/Me 250 Tv/Rc ° ° OI OI v veneer Any deposit less than 1.5 m thick; morphology of the underlying unit is evident 48 48 5030 5030 Port aux St. Basques John's 5730OI 25I 20I 15I 10I 5I 5700OI w weathered A thin layer, generally less than 1 m thick, of frost-heaved and frost-shattered bedrock J 11O 1M 1N fragments 11P 47° 47° x complex Commonly used to indicate numerous esker ridges that are closely spaced; can be used where any genetic category exhibits numerous surface expressions in a small area, and in 11I 1L 1K which no single element can be defined 58° 56° 54° INDEX MAP MAP 2001-35 12I/11 PORT SAUNDERS NEWFOUNDLAND

Scale1:50000 110 23 4 km