Prelims Prelude Economy

Last Lap Revision for Prelims 2020 Prelims Prelude Economy 1 As you gear up for the last lap of Preface preparation for Civil Service Prelims 2020, Fortune IAS Academy has pre- pared a revision checklist under the title Prelims Prelude. It has been pre- pared after diligently analyzing the trend of past 9 years’ question papers. Prelims Prelude will ensure that you have not missed out on the most important topics-both static as well as current issues. Your thumbrule for the last lap of prelims preparation should be revision rather than new information.

Prelims Prelude Economy 2 Obscure Factoids Indian Basic Economy Concepts

Indian Economy is a dynamic area that keeps on evolving day-by-day. Since it touches the everyday aspects of our life, it has become an indivisible part of competitive examinations like Civil Service. Usu- ally, several aspirants find this area a hard nut to crack. To help you out in this, we have come up with an approach to tackle Indian Economy smartly. After analysing past 9 years of Civil Service Preliminary Examination question papers, we have listed out the important topics and how to prepare for the same.

Prelims Prelude Economy 3 Economics Prelims Analysis

No. Topics 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011

1 External Sector 8 3 6 11 6 2 3 2 5 2 Monetary Policy 6 7 5 3 3 3 7 3 3 3 Fiscal Policy - 3 4 3 1 2 1 - 3 4 Agriculture 3 4 3 5 6 4 2 4 6 5 Inflation - - - - 2 - 3 - 2 6 National Income - 2 - - 2 1 2 - 2 7 Industry 1 - 2 2 2 - 2 2 1 8 Infrastructure 1 1 2 4 1 - - 1 1 9 Capital Market 1 - - 2 - 1 - 1 - 10 Planning 1 - - - - 1 - - - 11 Human Development 3 1 1 1 - - 2 2 1 12 Government Schemes 1 2 4 3 1 - - 4 2

Total 25 23 27 34 24 14 22 19 26

External Approach: Sector Basic understanding and factual analysis. Trend of the question: Basic + Current affairs (2019 - 8 questions, 2018 - 3 questions)

Balance of • Current Account: Balance of Trade, Net Invisibles, Net Transfers Payment a. Remittance (largest recipient state, India’s ranking) • Capital Account: 5 components • Balance of payment Account • Deficits/Surplus: Current Account/Capital Account

Prelims Prelude Economy 4 • Difference between Balance of Payment Deficit and Balance of Payment Crisis • Adverse BOP and Causes, Step to adopt against BOP Crisis (Global crisis scenario: Crude oil negative price, Corona crisis) • Special Economic zone (What are SEZ? Objective? Fa- cilities and incentives?) • Liberalised remittance scheme

Currency • India’s Forex reserve Reserve

Foreign • FDI, FPI, FII (Basics) • Foreign Direct Investment (FDI Policy Reform - Coal Investment mining, Relaxation of FDI norms in defence and insurance sector, Countervailing duty), Net FDI flow of In- dia • Foreign Portfolio Investment (Relaxation of SEBI’s FPI Norms) • External Commercial Borrowing (Basics) • Analyse the trend of FDI and FII into India in the last decade • Analyse the sources of investment into India

Exchange Rate • 4 types of Exchange Rates • REER and NEER Mechanism • Devaluation and Depreciation • Revaluation and Appreciation • Instrument In Support Of Trade Exchanges (What is it?) • Advance Pricing Agreement (what is it? Purpose) • Currency Swap Agreement (SAARC Countries: Signif- icance?)**SAARC based question can be expected from IR

Prelims Prelude Economy 5 Multilateral • WTO: (Most important topic; Dispute settlement mechanism; trade war issue; Principle of WTO; Most Favoured Agencies Nation (MFN) status, National Treatment; Subsidy issue; Developing countries status; Special and differential treatment to Developing Country; Important Agree- ments under WTO)**Refer DNA 59 • IMF (Quota; SDR; Reserve tranche position; SDDS Plus; Objective; Resource; Important reports)**Refer DNA 75. • World Bank (Understand the objective of 5 organisations - IBRD, IDA, IFC, MIGA, ICSID (India not a member); Important reports; Ease of doing business; distance to frontier) • FATF (What is it? Objective? Blacklist Brown list) **Refer DNA 51 • Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering (APG) • UNCTAD (What is it? Objective? Reports?) • Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Relat- ed Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (MLI) • Ease of Doing Business a. Analyse the parameters on which India has improved its ranking. b. Analyse the parameter on which India has the best ranking.

Intellectual • National IPR Policy (Achievement and objective) • TRIPS Agreement Property • Basics (Copy Right, Industrial property, Trade Mark, Regime Geographical Indication, Industrial design, Patent) • L2PRO India (Boss? What is it?) • International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV Convention) a. Understand the nature of the body, when it got estab- lished and headquarters. b. India’s relation to the UPOV convention. c. Objective of the convention.

Prelims Prelude Economy 6 Trade • Export and Import (India’s trading partners, top export destinations and import sources, trend in export and import of commodities and services in news) • Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) (Role? Boss?) • National Time Release Study (Stakeholders involved? Objective?) • Special Economic Zone (New Amendments to the SEZ Act,2005, Distri- bution of SEZ) • The International Financial Services Centres Authority Act, 2019 (IFSC; Changes brought in IFSC through the Act)

Miscellaneous • Base Erosion and Profit Shifting • Fugitive Economic Offenders • Nirvik Scheme • Duty-Free Import Authorisation (DFIA) Scheme • Overseas Bond • Index of Industrial Production (Published authority? Basket?)

1. The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Act (PPVFRA) [PepsiCo issue, what are the plant breeders’ rights and farmers rights] Hot 2. International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV Convention): Topics [What is India’s stand?] 3. Generalised System of Preferences (GSP) 4. Nirvik Scheme 5. Biosimilar medicine 6. Patent Prosecution Highway (PPH)

Prelims Prelude Economy 7 Example of a Question from Hot Topic 1

Consider the following statements (2019)

1. According to the Indian Patents Act, a biological process to create a seed can be patented in India. 2. In India, there are no Intellectual Property Appellate Board. 3. Plant varieties are not eligible to be patented in India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/protect-patents/article23750971.ece

Monetary Approach: Policy Basic understanding is important. Trend of the question: Definitions + New reforms in policies (UPSC’s favourite area). Most of the options look similar so understand the concept thoroughly.

Monetary 1. Quantitative tools: CRR, SLR, Repo, Reverse Repo, Bank Rate, MSF, OMO Policy Tools • Difference between MSF and Repo 2. Qualitative tools: Variation of Marginal Requirement, Rationing of Credit, Moral Suasion etc. 3. Sterilization: Market Stabilization Scheme, Standing Deposit Facility, OMO 4. Money Supply: M0, M1, M2, M3, M4, Money Multiplier, Velocity of Money 5. Classification of Money: Fiat Money, Fiduciary Money etc. 6. Bond Yield

Prelims Prelude Economy 8 Indian • RBI (Major functions; Public Debt Management Cell) • Classification of Indian Banking System: (Understand Banking System the basic classifications but Regional rural bank, Coop- erative bank, Payment bank, Small Financial bank are most important. **Refer DNA 102 • NBFC: (Classification of NBFCs, Difference between Banks and NBFC, Liquidity norms on NBFC by RBI) a. Core Investment Companies (Tapan Ray Committee) • Basel Norms: CRAR, Liquidity Coverage Ratio • Development Banks: SIDBI, NABARD, Exim Bank, Na- tional Housing Bank (What is it? Objective? Regulating body?) • External Benchmarking rate vs MCLR • Domestically Systemic Important Banks (D-SIBS) • Priority Sector Lending, Differential interest Rate Scheme, Lead Bank Scheme, Service Area Approach

Banking • Mission Indradhanush • EASE 3.0 (Enhanced Access and Service Excellence) reforms • Inflation targeting • Twin balance sheet Problem • Helicopter Money • Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Objective? Features?) • Merchant Discount Rate • Infrastructure Investment Trust • Mani App • e-Bkray • Project Sashakt

Frequently asked MCQ Statement • What is it? • Objective? • Features?

Prelims Prelude Economy 9 Financial • National Startup advisory Council • Financial Stability and Development Council Inclusion and (What is it? Chairman and Members? Objective?) Literacy • National Broadband Mission (NBM) • Chit Funds (Chit Funds (Amendment) Bill, 2019, Difference with Ponzi scheme)

Banking Crisis • Non-Performing Asset (Trend in India, Basics: Stressed asset and NPA, Special Mention Account (SMA)) • Steps towards NPA: Partial Credit Guarantee scheme, Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Act, 2019, SARFAESI Act (Supreme court ruling on cooper- ative Banks), Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, Bank- ing Regulation (Amendment) Bill, 2020, Public Sector Asset Rehabilitation Agency (PARA) Prudential Frame- work for Resolution of Stressed Assets, Prompt Cor- rective Action (PCA), Supervisory Action Framework (SAF) on UCBs. • IL&FS Crisis (What is it? Regulating agency?)

Digital Most of the questions are based on current affairs. • NPCI (What is it? Objective? Initiatives?) Payment • RuPay, National Common Mobility Card, Unified Pay- ments Interface, BHIM, National Financial Switch, Bharat Bill Payment System, • Data Security Council of India (What is it?) • Digital Payment Index, Digital Competitive Index (Pub- lished agencies?) • Cryptocurrencies (What is it? Type?) a. Bitcoins, Libra, SOV, Petro • Libra Currency (What is it? Difference with bitcoin?) • Nandan Nilekani committee on digital payments (Ac- ceptance Development Fund) • Aadhaar Payment Bridge System (APBS)

Prelims Prelude Economy 10 Committee • Bimal Jalal Committee (economic capital framework of the RBI) and bill related • Uk Sinha Committee (Insolvency resolution and liqui- banking dation of companies) • PJ Nayak Committee (Improve governance of PSBs) • Sunil Mehta Committee (Resolution of stressed asset) • Malegam Committee (Recommendation of RBI Surplus transfer) • Nachiket More Committee (Financial Inclusion)

Basic understanding is more than enough

Miscellaneous • Masala Bond What is it? Feature? • Corporate bond Market Example • Bharat Bond Currency chests are branches • Exchange Traded Fund of selected banks authorised by • National Investment and the RBI to stock rupee notes and Infrastructure Fund coins. • Inter Creditor Agreement The central bank advises the Cen- • Currency chest tre on the number of notes to be • Commercial Paper printed, the currency denomina- • Predatory Pricing tions, security features and so on

1. Operation Twist 2. Long Term Repo Operation (LTRO) 3. Deposit Insurance (Increase in Deposit insurance coverage-which are deposits and financial institutions not covered) 4. National Strategy for Financial inclusion 5. Economic Capital Framework (ECF) [What is capital reserve?, Bimal Jalan Committee] 6. Regulatory sandbox Hot 7. RBI directives on Storage of Payment System Data (Directive on data storage and data processing Topics 8. Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) 9. Inter-Ministerial Committee on Virtual Currencies (Subhash Chandra Garg committee)

Prelims Prelude Economy 11 National Approach: Income and Basic definition + Trend Fundamentals Trend of the question: Questions are comparatively low. Read basic texts and solve some.

MCQs. **Cost-benefit is low (2011- 2 Questions, 2013- 3 Questions, 2015- 2 questions)

• 3 methodologies for calculating National Income: Income Method, Expenditure Method, Value-Added Method • New Methodology for GDP Calculation: (UN System of National Accounting, Concept of GVA, MCA21) • NSO Estimates of GDP Growth • Nominal GDP and real GDP • GDP Vs GNP • Base effect • GDP deflator • Difference between slowdown, recession and depression • National Statistics Office • National Statistical Commission (Composition, which committee recommended it)

Fundamental • Different sectors of the economy (On the basis of ac- tivity nature, work condition and asset ownership) concepts a. Contribution of different sectors to GDP/Output and employment • Giffen goods and Veblen goods • Price Elasticity of Demand • Opportunity Cost • Incremental Capital Output Ratio (ICOR)

Prelims Prelude Economy 12 Hot 1. Middle Income Trap (What is it, who coined the term) 2. National Statistics Office (Merging of NSSO and CSO Topics into NSO) 3. Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS)

Inflation • Inflation, Dis-inflation, Deflation, Stagflation (Definition, Trend) • Supply-side Constraints • CPI Vs WPI • Producers Price Index • Core Inflation • Imported inflation • Philips Curve

Fiscal Approach: Policies Basics + Current affairs Trend of the question: Government policies and schemes are frequently asked

Fiscal • Union Budget: Constitutional Provisions, Basic concepts • 4 accounts of the Budget and their important compo- Policies nents: (Revenue Receipt, Revenue Expenditure, Capital Receipt and Capital Expenditure) • Deficits: (Revenue Deficit, Effective Revenue Deficit, Fis- cal Deficit, Primary Deficit, Monetary Deficit) • Public Debt • Debt vs Deficit • Deficit Financing: (Sources of Deficit financing, Ways and Means Advance) • Fiscal Consolidation: FRBM Act (Significance? Features?), NK Singh Committee, Fiscal Council • Crowding out and Crowding-in • Different types of Budgeting: Zero-based Budgeting, Performance Budgeting, Outcome Budgeting

Prelims Prelude Economy 13 Taxation • Direct Tax: a. Income Tax: (New income tax net introduced in 2020- 21) b. Corporate Tax (New changes introduced in the tax rate and changes brought in Budget 2020-21) c. Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT): (Recent reduction of MAT ) d. Dividend Distribution Tax e. Buy Back Tax f. Angel Tax g. Direct Tax Code (Akhilesh Ranjan Committee) h. Vivad Se Vishwas scheme i. National e Assessment Centre • Indirect Tax a. Goods and Service Tax (GST): (Constitutional Provisions, GST Council, National Anti-profiteering Authority, Re- verse charge mechanism, Composition scheme,e-way bills, Non-GST goods) b. Sabka Vishwas scheme • Tax GDP Ratio (2018-19 -10.9%) • Debt to GDP Ratio • Slowdown in Indian economy (GDP growth rate analysis, released office?); Total factor productivity (Defini- tion?) • Tax avoidance (Minimum Alternative Tax, Angel Tax, Equalisation Leavy, BEPS, Transfer pricing, Advanced Pricing agreement) • Tax Evasion • Tax buoyancy and Tax Elasticity • Laffer Curve

Budget 2020-21 • For details on Budget, Refer DNA 236 and 237 • Theme (Aspirational India, and Economic Economic development for all, (Caring Society) survey 2019-20 • Important scheme • Terminologies and definition • Trend and analysis

Prelims Prelude Economy 14 Planning • 12 Five-year Plans (main objective?) • Plan Holidays Commissions • Nehru-Mahalanobis Model, Trickle-down theory, Hin- du Rate of Growth • Imperative planning and indicative planning • NITI Aayog vs Planning Commission (Chairman? Com- parison?) • Important reports released by NITI Aayog

1. Fifteenth Finance Commission (new changes introduced in the 15th FC, Comparison between 15th and Hot 14th FC) 2. Disinvestment (Scheme? Feature? difference be- Topics tween strategic disinvestment and disinvestment.) 3. 7th economic census 4. GAFA Tax 5. FATF(Financial Action Task Force) 6. Automatic Exchange of Information (AEOI) (India and Switzerland) 7. Atma Nirbhar Abhiyaan (https://blog.mygov.in/major-announce- ments-and-policy-reforms-under-aatma-nirbhar-bharat-abhiyan/#:~:)

Financial Approach: Market Basic understanding is more than enough Trend of the question: Questions are comparatively low. (2019- 1 question, 2014- 1 question)

Prelims Prelude Economy 15 Money • Basic knowledge (What is it? Differences?) • Money Market Instruments: Call money market, Notice market and Money Market, MIBOR & LIBOR, Government securi- Capital market ties (Treasury bill, Dated securities, State Development Loans, Cash management bills), Certificate of deposits, Inter-corporate deposits, Commercial paper, Commer- cial bill (What is it? Features? Maturity period?) • Zero-Coupon Securities • Capital Market Instruments: Shares, Bond, Inflation-In- dexed Bonds, Debenture, Derivatives, Futures Con- tract, Financial futures, Forwards (Difference between futures and forwards), Options (Call Option and Put Option) (What is it?) • Stock Exchange: IPO, FPO, Private Placement, Market Capitalisation of a company (M-cap), Stock Market In- dex: CNX Nifty, Sensex • External Commercial Borrowings, Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds (Difference between ECB & FCCB), Depository Receipts (American Depository Receipts (ADR) and Indian Depository Receipts (IDR)) • Masala Bonds • Mutual Fund: Net Asset Value, Total Expense Ratio, New Fund Offer • Exchange Traded Fund** (CPSE ETF, Gold ETF, Bharath 22 ETF) Hedge fund, Venture capital (What is it?) **Re- fer DNA 184 for ETF. • SEBI, IRDAI, PFRDA (Factual Informations? Objective?) • Commodity Exchange? • P-Notes • Terminologies (Bear, Bull, Gilt, Blue chip Company, Nasdaq) • Indian Gas Exchange (India’s first gas trading platform)

1. Bharath Bond ETF ( Difference with Bharath 22 ETF) Hot 2. Bilateral Netting (Difference with Gross Netting) 3. Corporate Bond Market Topics (Measures taken to deepen the market in Budget 2019-20, H.R Khan committee) 4. Debenture Redemption Reserve (Recent changes)

Prelims Prelude Economy 16 Human Approach: development Human development areas are simple and interesting and Trend of the question: Sustainable Combination of human geography + Economics development • Human Development (Pillars and approach--**Basic idea is enough) • UNDP Human development index (India’s ranking and parameters)

• World Happiness Report (UNSDSN) Organisations and • Human Capital Index- WB publications (details not required)

• SDG and MDG Goal a. Just read it and note down goals and achievements. b. NITI Aayog SDG index (Only 13 goals considered)

Employment • Full employment, Under employment and unemployment • Types of unemployment • Gig Economy • Unemployment rate in India • Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) [Recent trend especially Female LFPR]

Poverty • Concept of Poverty line • Poverty line estimation: Dandekhar & Rath committee, Alagh committee, Lakhdawala committee, Tendulkar committee and Rangarajan committee • Multidimensional Poverty Index by UNDP • Government schemes for alleviation of poverty: a. Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana (PMRPY) b. PM Kisan Maan Dhan Yojana

Prelims Prelude Economy 17 c. Atal BimitVyakti Kalyan Yojana d. Pradhan Mantri LaghuVyapari Maan-dhan Yojana e. National Pension Scheme for Traders and Self Employed Persons f. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maan Dhan Yojana g. PM SVANIDHI (Pradhan Mantri Street Vendors Atmanir- bhar Nidhi) h. Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyaan

1. Measuring unemployment rate: Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) Hot 2. Labour codes (Code on Wages, Code on industrial relations, Codes on social security and code on occupa- Topics tional safety) 3. YuWaah Youth Skilling Initiative 4. India Skill Report 2019-20 (Who publishes it? Present trend of employability in terms of gender, state and edu- cational qualification) 5. National Accreditation Board for Certification Bodies (NABCB)

Industry Approach: and Important for both prelims and mains Infrastructure Trend of the question: Current affairs based question (2019- 2 questions, 2018- 1 question, 2017- 4 questions, 2016- 6 questions)

• Question trend shows that focus on this session is gradually decreasing.

Prelims Prelude Economy 18 Industrial • Public sector vs Private sector (Understanding and Difference) Sector • Industries which compulsory licensing (List only) • National Investment Fund • Exchange Traded Fund • Bharat 22 ETF What is it? • Viability gap funding Features? • India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF) • 4th Industrial Revolution (Advantages, Applications, Samarth Udyog Bharat 4.0) • Industrial policies in India: Industrial Policy Resolu- tion, 1948; Industry Policy Resolution, 1956; Industrial Policy Statement, 1977; New Industrial Policy of India, 1991 **Refer DNA 107 • National manufacturing policy 2011(Boss? National In- vestment & Manufacturing Zones (NIMZs)? Industrial Corridor?-Vizag-Chennai Industrial Corridor) • Make in India (Nodal? Objective? How?) • Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) (New amendments in Company Act,2013) • New Delhi International Arbitration Centre (NDIAC) Bill, 2019

Ministry of • Background (GDP ratio, Exports?) Micro, Small and • New proposed definition of MSME Medium • Recent committee on MSME • Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY) scheme Enterprises • Enterprise Development Centres (EDCs) (MSME) Textile • Interest subvention scheme (What is it? Aim?) • Pehchan’ cards Sector • Harmonised system code (What is it?) • Project SURE (objective?) • Pashmina Products receive BIS Certifications (Changthangi or pashmina Goat-Ladakh) • E-Cocoon App • E-Dhaga App, Bunkar Mitra • Technical Textile (National Technical Textiles Mission)

Prelims Prelude Economy 19 Steel • Background (Second largest producer) • Ministry of Steel issues: The steel scrap Recycling Policy Sector (Framework? Aim?) • Purvodaya Scheme (Aim? Objective?) • Steel Import Monitoring System: (Ministry, from where the idea borrowed and objective)

E-commerce • Major types of e-commerce • In which all types FDI is allowed

Telecom • Background (Second largest telecommunication, Rajiv Gauba Committee) Sector • K-Fon(Kerala State initiative, State-wide optical fibre

Sugar • Fair and Remunerative Price Industry • State Advised Price (SAP)

Infrastructure Coal Sector • Commercial Coal Mining(Background - Third largest producer) • Recent changes introduced in FDI to Coal sector • Mineral Policy 2019 (Features?) • Shakti Coal Policy • Coal Mitra App • UTTAM App • Pradhan Mantri Khanij kshetra Kalyan Yojana (2015) Boss? • Prakash Portal Aim? • TAMARA App Objective? • SATYABHAMA Portal

Prelims Prelude Economy 20 Gas • Sector-wise gas consumption in India • Natural Gas pipelines Economy • City Gas Distribution (CGD) networks • Urga Ganga Project

Methanol • Background (What is it? Use? Govt Initiative?) • NITI Aayog road map (Methanol economy fund) Economy • Environmental benefits of methanol

Renewable • Ultra-Mega Renewable energy park (Details?) • Renewable Energy Industry Promotion and Energy Facilitation Board (REIPFB) (What is it? Boss?) • Power Purchase agreement (What is it?)

Wind • Background (4th largest installed capacity, Energy state capacity(TN>GJ>MH>KN>RJ))

Solar • Background • Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission Energy • Surya Mitra • “ARUN” Mobile app • Renewable Purchase What is it? Obligation (RPO) Boss? • SARAL INDEX for Solar rooftop Feature? • KUSUM Scheme

Infrastructure • National Infrastructure Pipeline (Funding? sector-wise break-up) financing • Elephant bonds (Surjit S Bhalla Committee, Objective?) • Credit Enhancement Fund (What is it?)

Prelims Prelude Economy 21 Electricity • Total installed power capacity of India and the contribu tion by each source like Thermal, solar etc. • Power consumption in India by different states • Inclusion of Large hydropower projects in renewable energy • Ultra mega renewable energy power parks (UMREPPs) • PM-KUSUM • Atal Distribution System Improvement Yojana (ADITYA) scheme

Transport Railway Sector (Background - Basic fact, Trend) Sector • Railway Restructuring (IRMS) • Dedicated Freight Corridor (What is it? Details?) • Private Sector in Railways (Procurement cum Maintenance Agreement, Amitabh Kanth panel) • Silver line Project (State initiative-Kerala) • Project Saksham 2018 • Issue (cross-subsidization? Operating Ratio?) • Tejas Express • Hyperloop transportation system • First Underwater metro (Kolkata)

Roadways • Vahan and Sarathi Portal (What is it?) • Pradhan Mantri gram Sadak yojana (Boss? Aim? Year? Objective?) • Setu Bharatam (What is it? Boss?) • FASTag (What is it? Feature? Objective?) • FAME Scheme (Boss? Aim? Objective?) • Motor vehicle amendment act 2019 (Key Feature?) • GATI Portal and PRAGATI Portal (Boss? What is it?)

Prelims Prelude Economy 22 Ports • Vadhavan Port at Maharashtra • Major port list (Map study) • Chabahar and Gwadar Port (What is it? Where is it?) • Major Ports Authorities Bill,2020 • The Recycling of Ships Act, 2019 and • Freight Village at Varanasi

1. Hong Kong Convention for Ship Recycling 2. Bhavnagar (World first CNG Port) 3. Smart Metering 4. Blue Dot Network 5. The Mineral Laws (Amendment) Act, 2020 (Remov- al of restriction on end-use, Composite license for Hot prospecting and mining, Relaxation in Prior approv- Topics al from the central government) 6. Adjusted Gross revenue (AGR) 7. Technical Textile (National Technical Textiles Mis- sion) 8. Adjusted Gross Revenue (AGR) 9. National Policy on Electronics 10. National Policy on Software products

Agriculture Approach: Important for both prelims and mains. Understand the basics. • Basic + Current affairs Knowledge • Scheme based questions • Farmers issues and Govt schemes are hot topics of UPSC

Trend of the question: combination of geography + Economics. Questions are comparatively easy.

Prelims Prelude Economy 23 Basic Facts (50% of total workforce and 17-18% share in GDP (2017-18 Economic survey); Biggest unorganised sec- Knowledge tor.) • Cropping season (Kharif, Rabi, Zaid with examples) • Cropping type (Multiple Cropping, Intercropping, Mixed and Strip Cropping) just understand the concept • Organic Farming; Integrated farming and Zero Budget Natural Farming • Green Revolution (Aim? History? Objective? Concern?) a. Other agriculture revolution (What is it?): White, Yellow, Blue, Red, Pink, Round, Silver, Grey • Land Reform (PESA and FRA: Features? Objective?) **Re- fer DNA • Digitalisation of Land Records (Boss?) a. Bhoomi Project-KN, Bhudhaar-Andhra Pradesh, Ma- habhulekh-Maharashtra • Land leasing • Land Acquisition Act • Minimum support price (What is it? Objective? Feature? List of Products?) a. M.S Swaminathan committee recommendations • Fair and Remunerative price (Sugarcane) • PDS system a. NFSA, 2013 b. Geo-tagging of Agri. Warehousing c. Village Storage Scheme: d. Negotiable Warehousing Receipts (e-NWR) e. Agriculture Subsidy (i) Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (What is it? Fea- tures? Objective?) (ii) Kalia, Bhavnatarbhugtan Yojana and Rythubandhu Scheme (What is it? State?) (iii) PM-AASHA (iv) Urea Subsidy (v) Food Subsidy (Have a rough idea on figures) f. Agri. Marketing (i) Agricultural Marketing (APMCS-What is it?) (ii) E-Nam (iii) Agri-Market infrastructure Fund g. Agriculture credit

Prelims Prelude Economy 24 (i) Priority sector lending, Interest subvention scheme, Ki- san Credit card, Joint Liability Group Scheme. (ii) NABARD Refinance scheme • Agriculture insurance a. PM Fasal Bhima Yojana (what are the new changes?) • Model Laws a. Model Agricultural Land Leasing Act, 2016 b. Model Agricultural Produce and Livestock Marketing (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2017 c. Model Agricultural Produce and Livestock Contract Farming and Services (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2018. • Doubling of Farmer’s Income, 2022 (Objective?) • Agriculture census and Agri export zone (What is it? Fea- tures?) • Genetically modified crops (What is it?, Various crops, GM Regulation) • Fertiliser Subsidy (Type of fertilisers, Nutrient Based subsidy, Urea Subsidy, Decanalisation) • Various Govt scheme (What is it? Feature?) • Climate Smart agriculture (Aim?) • Contract Farming (What is it? Features?) • New Variety: Muktoshri (Rice), HD-3226/Pusa yashasvi (Wheat), Madhuban Gajar (Carrot), Pusa Sona (Onion), Pusa Aditi (Grapes) • Millet Village Scheme • The Pesticide Management Bill, 2020

Background? Allied • Fisheries India status? • Dairy Sector State ranking? Sectors • Livestock Govt Schemes?

• contaminants found in processed milk (Aflatoxin) • National Animal Disease Control Programme (NADCP) • Beekeeping (Bibek Debroy Committee)-- National Horticulture Mission • Schemes: Rashtriya Gokul Mission

Prelims Prelude Economy 25 1. Food Corporation of India: Shantakumar committee recommendations, Levy rice 2. One Nation One Ration Card scheme Hot 3. PM Fasal Bhima Yojana (what are the new changes Topics introduced) 4. Agriculture census 5. 20th Livestock census (Trend in the census) 6. Market Intervention Price Scheme 7. SUTRA PIC India Programme 8. Essential Commodities Act 9. Operation Greens (extended from tomato, onion and potato (TOP) crops to other notified horticulture crops.)

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Prelims Prelude Economy 27