Landscape Research Record No. 03
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ela LANDSCAPE RESEARCH RECORD No. 3 | 2016 LANDSCAPE & VALUES Council of Educators in Landscape Architecture About Landscape Research Record: Landscape Research Record (LRR) is published annually and consist of papers Landscape focused on landscape architecture subject areas. Each issue is a collection of papers presented at the Council of Educators in Landscape Architecture (CELA) annual conference of that year. Research Record The conference theme is expressed in the subtitle of Landscape Research Record. All views expressed in papers published in Editor-in-Chief Landscape Research Record are those of the authors and do not Christopher Ellis, University of Maryland necessarily reflect the views of the conference planning committee, or the Council of Educators in Landscape Co-Editors Architecture. Margie Borecki, Utah State University Elizabeth Brabec, University of Massachusetts Peer Review of Papers: All papers published in Landscape Kerry R. Brooks, Washington State University Research Record have been reviewed and accepted for Terry Clements, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State publication through the Council of Educators in Landscape University Architecture’s peer review process established according to the Cheryl Doble, SUNY Syracuse procedures approved by the Board of the Council of Educators Will Green, University of Rhode Island in Landscape Architecture. Reviewers are recruited by track David Hopman, University of Texas at Arlington chairs from among conference attendees and other outside Paula Horrigan, -Cornell University experts. The track chairs also serve as co-editors in the peer Byoung-Suk Kweon, University of Maryland review process. The Council of Educators in Landscape Charlene LeBleu, Auburn University Architecture requires a minimum of two reviews; a decision is Ming-Han Li, Texas A&M University based on reviewer comments and resultant author revision. Lynne Manzo, University of Washington Reviewers’ names are acknowledged in the REVIEWERS Joni Palmer, University of Colorado section of Landscape Research Record. Madis Pihlak, Pennsylvania State University Daniel Roehr, University of British Columbia All CELA Standard Tracks are considered for Landscape Amita Sinha, University of Illinois Research Record. The CELA Standard Tracks (12) are: Kevin Thompson, University of Florida Communication and Visualization, Design Education and Pedagogy, Design Implementation (LA CES track), History, Editorial Assistant Theory and Culture, Landscape Performance (LA CES track), Laura Robinson, University of Maryland Landscape Planning and Ecology (LA CES track), People- Environment Relationships, research and Methods, Service- CELA Board Learning and Community Engagement, Sustainability (LA CES Ming-Han Li, President track), Urban Design, and the Film Track (added 2015). Kenneth McCown, Past President Katya Crawford, First Vice President-President Elect In This Issue: In 2012, the conference committee accepted 387 Charlene LeBleu, Vice President for Research abstracts for presentation and rejected 81 abstracts (79.1% Hala Nassar, Second Vice President acceptance rate). Authors of these abstracts were invited to Judith Wasserman, Secretary submit a full paper. A total of 45 papers were received and Paul Voos, Treasurer underwent peer review. Finally, 9 papers were accepted for Linda Ashby, Region 1 Representative publication in this issue (20.0% acceptance rate). The Lauri M. Johnson, Region 2 Representative organization of this issue follows the order of conference tracks Cheryl Mihalko, Region 3 Representative listed in the table of contents. Matthew J. Kirkwood, Region 4 Representative Ryan Hargrove, Region 5 Representative Previous Issues and Acceptance Rates: Landscape Research Chuo Li, Region 6 Representative Record is a post-conference publication and published online Elizabeth Brabec, Region 7 Representative only. Previous issues of Landscape Research Record can be Linda Corkery, Region 8 Representative accessed from www.thecela.org. Beth Faragan, Student Regional Director CELA Executive Office Pat Taylor, Interim Executive Director Dee Solco, Interim Business Manager © 2016 Council of Educators in Landscape Architecture. All Rights Reserved. ISSN 2471-8335 i cela LANDSCAPE RESEARCH RECORD No. 3 | 2016 LANDSCAPE & VALUES A Peer-Reviewed Publication Council of Educators in Landscape Architecture www.thecela.org TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................................................iv REVIEWERS ............................................................................................................................................................ v COMMUNICATION AND VISUALIZATION ....................................................................................................... 1 FINDING MULTI-CENTERS: USING CROWD-SOURCING TECHNOLOGIES TO IDENTIFY COMMUNITIES OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Robert Hewitt and Hala Nassar ............................................................................................................................................. 2 DESIGN EDUCATION AND PEDAGOGY .......................................................................................................... 15 DEWEY, ALBERS, NEWTON: AMERICAN PRAGMATISM AND MID-CENTURY DESIGN EDUCATION T. Carter Crawford and Arthur Rice ..................................................................................................................................... 16 WEB-ENHANCED TEACHING OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DIGITAL GRAPHICS: AN EVALUATION OF BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES Bo Yang and Shujuan Li ....................................................................................................................................................... 28 DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................................................................................. 38 MANAGING STORMWATER WITH GREEN ROOFS: FINDINGS FROM NORTH AMERICAN RESEARCH Bruce Dvorak ....................................................................................................................................................................... 39 PEOPLE-ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS ................................................................................................... 53 GARDENS AND MUSIC: AN INITIAL SURVEY, PROBING POTENTIALS Brenda J. Brown ................................................................................................................................................................... 54 SERVICE LEARNING AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT ............................................................................. 67 HANDS-ON DESIGN FOR HANDS-ON LEARNING WITH YOUTH IN SOUTHERN WEST VIRGINIA- A CASE STUDY IN PARTICIPATORY DESIGN PROCESS Peter Butler, Angela Campbell, E. Ashley Kyber, and Kathryn Wittner ............................................................................... 68 TELLING IT AS IT WAS: INCORPORATING ORAL HISTORIES INTO A COMMUNITY VISIONING PROJECT Kevin Thompson and Christina Hite .................................................................................................................................... 81 URBAN DESIGN ................................................................................................................................................... 93 RECONSTRUCTED GROUNDS Peter P. Goche ..................................................................................................................................................................... 94 WHO’S TALKING TO WHOM? VILLAGER PARTICIPATION IN THE RELOCATION OF EL GOURNA, EGYPT Hala Nassar and Paul Dugan .............................................................................................................................................. 100 iii FOREWORD We are delighted to present this third issue of Landscape Research Record, published by the Council of Educators in Landscape Architecture (CELA). In 2013, the CELA Board approved and adopted a procedure to become fully responsible for publishing peer-reviewed conference papers annually and named the publication Landscape Research Record (LRR). LRR is a post-conference publication and published online only. LRR volume 03 is a collection of peer-reviewed papers presented at CELA 2012 hosted by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, with the theme “Finding Center: Landscape & Values.” The conference host called for a discipline-wide discussion as follows: From our vantage in the middle of the great North American continent, the theme Finding Center is easily understood as a multiple entendre. First and foremost, centering is a relational metaphor implying spatial, visual and phenomenal geographies. It can suggest moral, political, social, and economic centers, or “heartland” themes. It captures the disciplinary sense of returning to core, to basics and fundamentals. Centering is also the place where we hope to find ourselves—to be centered means to be graceful, simple, and grounded. With only a little effort, the conference theme can also imply a dialectic, a back-and-forth dynamic between a center and its opposite dimension—the frontier—and all that is marginal, peripheral, and innovative. “Center” may thus invoke the tensions between insiders and outsiders, between norms and deviations, and every sort of gradation to the edge. Depending on what it is possible to measure, we may find multiple centers, each having an impact on all