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Out There® Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA

Dear What’s Out There Weekend Visitor,

Welcome to What’s Out There Weekend Los Angeles, organized by The Cultural Landscape Foundation (TCLF).The materials in this guide will tell you about the history and design of the places you can tour during this free event, the eighth in a series that we offer each year in cities and regions throughout the United States. Please keep it as a reference for future explorations of the greater Los Angeles region’s significant landscapes.

On October 26th and 27th, 2013, during What’s Out There Weekend Los Angeles, residents and visitors have opportunities to discover more than forty of the region’s publicly accessible landscapes through free, expert-led tours. Los Angeles' landscape legacy ranges from its Spanish Colonial roots to the present and includes Asian, Hispanic, and African American heritage, along with a robust Modernist design history which connects indoors and outdoors in innovative ways. Explore LA landscapes through tours that include entertaining anecdotes and intriguing stories about city shaping, landscape architecture and the city’s design history. The tours reveal the story behind these valued places and the individuals who designed or made them. Photo © OLIN / Sahar Coston-Hardy One of LA’s great design distinctions is its history of Postmodernism, with public spaces that meld architecture, landscape architecture and art into one inseparable unit – these sites are denoted by the red dots on the map on the next page. Among the tour highlights is the Postmodernist network of parks and plazas in downtown Los Angeles designed by Lawrence Halprin, one of the nation’s most significant landscape architects (you can hear Halprin discuss his life and career in our Web-based Pioneers of American Landscape Design Oral History series). What’s Out There Weekend dovetails with the Web-based What’s Out There, the nation’s most comprehensive searchable database of historic designed landscapes. The database currently features more than 1,400 sites, 9,000 images and 700 designer profiles.What's Out There is The Cultural Landscape Foundation (TCLF) newly optimized for iPhones and similar handheld devices, and includes a new feature - What's TCLF provides the tools to see, understand and value landscape architecture and Nearby - a GPS-enabled function that locates all landscapes in the database within a 25-mile its practitioners in the way many people have learned to do with buildings and radius of any given location.

their designers. Through its Web site, lectures, outreach and publishing, TCLF On behalf of The Cultural Landscape Foundation, I thank you for participating in What’s Out broadens the support and understanding for cultural landscapes nationwide to There Weekend and hope you enjoy the tours. help safeguard our priceless heritage for future generations. Sincerely, learn more at tclf.org

Charles A. Birnbaum, FASLA, FAAR President and Founder, The Cultural Landscape Foundation

2 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 3 SANTA CLARITA Pacoima 2 2 Reservoir 2

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Postmodern in design, these projects also incorporate abstractions of Spanish Colonial Revival Open Space Network style architecture (e.g. the Tower at Grand Hope Park and the wall at Bunker Hill). Photo by Charles Birnbaum An outgrowth of The Maguire Partners 1980 proposal for “A Grand Avenue,” this linear spine designed by Lawrence Halprin and Charles Moore was envisioned as a collection of parks and civic spaces that would be both people-oriented and Landscape Style: activity-generating. Although Maguire’s Grand Avenue proposal, which included Postmodernist eleven acres of public spaces, was not realized, it was a foundation for the work Landscape Type: over the next 12 years, where Halprin collaborated with architects and artists on Public Park four unique public spaces built along Hope Street. Plaza Moving north to south these spaces include the Crocker Court (now Wells Fargo Court), Bunker Hill Steps, Library Square (now Maguire Gardens), and Grand Designed By: Hope Park. These designs are responsive to the topography, embellished with Lawrence Halprin public art, and reflect the context of the region through materials that allude to Lawrence Halprin & Associates the natural environment and past cultural influences. They also express Halprin’s Charles Moore The Maguire Partners impressions of the Southern California landscape and its unique cultural history. Unlike his better-known projects in Northern California and the Pacific Northwest Related Landscapes: which exhibit his hallmark exuberance and imagery of crashing waterfalls and Bunker Hill Steps tumbling streams, Halprin’s use of water in the Los Angeles projects is more Grand Hope Park subtle, reflective of the region’s drier climate. Maguire Gardens Wells Fargo Court Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo by Charles Birnbaum

6 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 7 Downtown LA Grand Avenue Grand Avenue Downtown LA

Bunker Hill Steps S. Hope Street and Hope Place Maguire Gardens (Los Angeles Central Library) 630 W 5th Street Landscape Style: Postmodernist Type: Plaza Landscape Style: Postmodernist Type: Public Park – Neighborhood Park Completed in 1987 with architects Pei Cobb Freed Partners and developer This project is unique in Halprin’s body of work, one of the only projects where Robert Maguire, this grand stairway and water garden was designed by Halprin a new design also addressed lost historic landscape features from an earlier to link downtown Los Angeles to the newly developed Bunker Hill section of the era. Completed in 1988 with preservation architects Hardy, Holtzman + Pfeiffer, city. Postmodern in style and reminiscent of Rome’s Spanish Steps, the steps developer Robert Maguire, and several visual artists, the gardens are linked to the are choreographed as an urban experience similar to a city street, complete with Bunker Hill Steps by a pedestrian and mid-block crossing. The space, occupying terraced landings, retail shops, and outdoor cafes with a range of activities for a former parking lot adjacent to the Central Library, was intended to be a passive

relaxing, dining, or shopping. The terraces can be accessed by stairs or escalator. Photo by Charles Birnbaum public park, with a restaurant, outdoor dining terrace, fountains, pools, overlooks, A “museum wall,” displaying sculptured grottoes and fountains, bounds the site-specific public art, and a generous lawn. These elements, Postmodern in steps on one side while the other side curves around a seven-story building. style, all contribute to a dignified setting for the iconic Egyptian Revival library The staircases are bisected at the center by a raised, rocky ravine, with water building, originally designed by Bertram Goodhue in 1926. Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo by Charles Birnbaum cascading downward to a small basin at Fifth Street. They are edged with Halprin not only restored and drew inspiration from Goodhue’s stepped reflecting flowering trees, shrubs, and perennial plants, which also serve to frame views and pool, but extended it westward from the Central Library to South Flower Street. screen the escalators. The bronze sculpture Source Figure by Robert Graham was Building on this central spine, Halprin employed pools and associated axial walkways to spatially organize added near Hope Place in 1992. new outdoor rooms and guide people’s movements. The art in the garden was designed by Jud Fine (reflecting pools, grotto fountain) and Laddie John Dill with Mineo Mizuno (Font Fountain).

Grand Hope Park Corner of S. Hope Street and W. 9th Street 333 S Grand Avenue Landscape Style: Postmodernist Type: Public Park – Neighborhood Park Wells Fargo Court (Crocker Court) Landscape Style: Postmodernist Type: Atrium This Halprin-designed 2.5 acre park, completed in 1993 with the Jerde Completed in 1983 with architects Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and sculptor Partnership architects, anchors the southern end of the Network and serves as a Robert Graham, the space is Halprin’s only atrium design. Conceived with gateway to the South Park residential, cultural, and commercial district. The park’s developer Robert Maguire as “an urban, indoor Garden of Eden,” the interior plan also incorporates the Fashion Institute of Design and Merchandising campus. public space was designed to display Modern sculpture. It is the only Halprin Unique among the Open Space Network projects, this park’s client was the project where the landscape design, including the fountain, is subservient to the Community Redevelopment Agency. The center of the rectilinear park is occupied sculpture designed by Robert Graham (with whom Halprin later worked on the by a large lawn with a curvilinear path and edged by vine-covered pergolas, a FDR Memorial) and other artists including Joan Miro and Jean Dubuffet. children’s playground, and public art. The southern end of the park is more

Photo by Charles Birnbaum Reminiscent of Halprin’s earlier residential commission for the McIntyre garden in structured, with smaller lawn panels and benches set within wide paved terraces. Hillsborough, California, the fountains, channels, and runnels provide the sound Halprin's drawings articulated the locations for art opportunities. This culminated of running water throughout the garden. Many of the plants have been changed in installations by Lita Albuquerque (Celestial Source for the sunken water court), in recent years. They were originally planted in different sizes and scales to one Adrian Saxe (wildlife figures), Raul Guerrero Hope( Street Fountain and decorative another with the intent of humanizing everything in the room. With this illusionistic stenciling on pergolas), Gwynn Murrill (coyotes, hawk, snake), Tony Berlant, and goal in mind, Graham was commissioned by Halprin to create four sculptural Photo by Charles Birnbaum Ralph McIntosh. The mosaic-adorned Clock Tower was designed by Halprin. centerpieces for the fountains. Each sculpture is of the same athletic female figure, in different gymnastic stances, slightly smaller than life size.

8 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 9 Downtown LA W. 1st Street W. 1st Street Downtown LA

Los Angeles Civic Center

Photo by Charles Birnbaum Landscape Style: Located in the northern part of downtown between Bunker Hill and the old Pueblo, Modernist this governmental complex is the largest concentratin of public sector buildings and Beaux Arts/Neoclassical workers outside of Washington, D.C. A City Beautiful-style civic center was conceived Landscape Type: by public officials as early as 1900, based on a plan from city planner Charles Institutional Grounds – Governmental Mulford Robinson. In 1917, landscape architect J. S. Rankin submitted a site plan for Public Park the center’s current location, but only the construction of City Hall in 1928 occurred Plaza before the 1940s. Designed By: Following World War II, extensive urban renewal led to the razing of many of Bunker Charles Mulford Robinson Hill’s historic buildings and the construction of the Santa Ana Freeway, separating the J. S. Rankin area from the city’s historic core. The civic center axis was reoriented and by 1956 Cornell, Bridgers and Troller there were numerous proposals for a Modernist complex centered on a twelve-acre Wallace McHarg Roberts & Todd mall designed by Cornell, Bridgers and Troller. The mall was built over a subterranean Suisman Urban Design parking garage and lined with Functionalist-style buildings, with the Los Angeles Music Related Landscapes: Center and Department of Water and Power anchoring the northern terminus. In 1972, Grand Park a master plan by landscape architects Wallace, McHarg, Roberts & Todd re-envisioned Los Angeles City Hall East Mall the area with more pedestrian-friendly amenities, including the Los Angeles Mall, a Los Angeles Dept of Water and Power Los Angeles Music Center multi-level civic and retail space with parkland that spans both sides of Temple Street. Union Station A 1998 master plan by a team led by Suisman Urban Design repositions City Hall as the central nexus linking the surrounding neighbirhoods, including Union Station. Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo by Charles Birnbaum

10 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 11 Downtown LA W. 1st Street W. 1st Street Downtown LA

Grand Park Grand Avenue between W. 1st and W. Temple streets Los Angeles Department of Water and Power 111 North Hope Street Landscape Style: Modernist Landscape Type: Public Park – Greens, Commons, Squares; Plaza Landscape Style: Modernist Type: Institutional Grounds – Governmental; Plaza Designed by: Cornell, Bridgers and Troller; Rios Clemente Hale Studios Designed by: Cornell, Bridgers and Troller This twelve-acre park and plaza was conceived by city planners as the heart of the This sixteen-acre campus for the Department of Water and Power’s International Style Los Angeles Civic Center. Cornell, Bridgers and Troller began work on the design headquarters was designed by Albert C. Martin and Associates and Cornell, Bridgers in 1956 with construction completed in 1966. The concrete-paved upper plaza and Troller in 1959. The rectangular tower, situated on an elevated plinth above a was positioned atop a subterranean parking garage and featured a large fountain three-level parking garage, is surrounded by a plaza set with square granite pavers and surrounded by expansive reflecting pools and a tree-shaded lawn. The lower plazas a shallow rectilinear reflecting pool. The aggregate-clad pool is the site's most prominent featured fountains, statues, a Court of Flags, and deciduous trees. feature, wrapping the building like a moat. It is spanned by a wide bridge that connects

As the centerpiece of the Grand Avenue Redevelopment Project, the park was Photo by Steven Keylon to a linear greensward and the sidewalk along Hope Street. Eight fountains with golden redesigned between 2010 and 2012 by landscape architects Rios Clemente Hale lights and dramatic jets are positioned within the pool. The periphery of the site is lined with mature deciduous trees and a cluster of boulders from the Alabama Hills. Studios. The park is divided into four distinct, block-sized spaces. The uppermost Photo by Charles Birnbaum block contains the park’s focal point, the renovated Arthur J. Will Memorial Fountain, with choreographed and lighted jets that spray water 50 feet high. The Los Angeles Music Center North of W. 1st Street, between S. Hope and S. Grand Olive Court is a plaza planted with olive trees and Mediterranean plants. The third Style: Modernist Type: Institutional Grounds – Cultural Designed by: Cornell, Bridgers and Troller block features a series of terraced gardens that flow from north to south and a redesigned Court of Flags Located at the western end of the Civic Center, this performing arts campus is one planted with cherry trees. The fourth block includes an Event Lawn and dog park facing City Hall. Movable, of the largest in the country, encompassing eleven acres and four separate venues. fuschia-colored café tables and chairs throughout the park create a contrast with the surrounding lawn. Designed by Welton Becket and constructed between 1962 and 1967, the Modernist center features three structures flanking an east-west oriented, landscaped plaza. The largest of the three original structures, the Pavilion, faces the drum-like, circular Forum Los Angeles City Hall East Mall 200 N. Main Street which rises from a reflecting pool in front of the Ahmanson Theatre. The buildings are Landscape Style: Modernist Landscape Type: Plaza; Public Park; Shopping Center – Shopping Plaza/ connected by a stepped plaza that originally held a shallow reflecting pool at its center, Shopping Mall Designed by: Howard Troller; Cornell, Bridgers, Troller and Hazlett and now contains Peace on Earth, a monumental sculpture by Jacques Lipschitz. The Between 1973 and 1975, the Civic Center complex expanded east of City Hall. sunken forecourts fronting the buildings contain planters with small trees while the Designed by architect William F. Stockwell with landscape architects Cornell, periphery is lined with palms and mature deciduous trees. Photo by Charles Birnbaum Bridgers, Troller and Hazlett, the area was conceived as a traditional town square and community meeting place, with retail space and a setting for civic institutions. Union Station 800 N. Alameda Street Comprising two campuses separated by Temple Street, the structure incorporates Landscape Style: Mission Revival; "Mediterranean" Estate; Beaux Arts/Neoclassical Type: Institutional Grounds Designed by: Tommy Tomson; Parkinson and Parkinson; Mia Lehrer + Associates

two levels above ground and four levels of subterranean parking. The Brutalist-style Photo by Kansas Sebastian City Hall East lies on the South Mall and occupies the center of a concrete-paved Begun in 1933 and opened in 1939, this train station was designed in consultation plaza edged with mature deciduous trees. South of the building lies a sunken retail with Parkinson and Parkinson and is a blend of Spanish Mission Revival and court with a rectangular fountain and stainless-steel sculpture by Jan Peter Stren. Streamline Moderne styles. Tommy Tomson interwove outdoor spaces into the design The South Mall is connected to the North Mall by an underground passage and of the main terminal in the form of Spanish-style courtyards, patios and arcades. The by a bow-shaped, 120-foot long pedestrian bridge designed by Howard Troller vaulted waiting room is flanked by enclosed patios, with the North Patio featuring a and Tom Van Sant in 1974. The North Mall’s elevated plaza is anchored by the colorfully tiled fountain and benches shaded by live oaks and jacarandas. Passengers Children’s Museum, which is fronted by a concrete plaza set with small lawn panels, planting beds, and wood-slat exiting the terminal pass through the South Patio, originally planted with Mexican fan benches. Its southern side is dominated by Triforium, a 60-foot fountain sculpture designed by Joseph Young in 1975. palms, birds-of-paradise and olive trees. The station was renovated ca. 1991 with the

entry court landscape redesigned by Mia Lehrer + Associates. Photo by Charles Birnbaum

12 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 13 Downtown LA 333 South Hope Plaza 333 South Hope Plaza Downtown LA

Bank of America Plaza In 2003 the complex was renamed Bank of America Plaza, reflecting its current tenancy. (Security Pacific National Bank Plaza)

Photo by Charles Birnbaum Completed in 1974 and owned by Brookfield Properties, this office complex encompasses a full city block on the western edge of Bunker Hill. Until 1991 it served as the global headquarters of Security Pacific National Bank. The plaza, a 3.5-acre park built atop a submerged parking garage, is adjacent to the 55-story office tower designed by Albert C. Martin and Associates. Landscape architect Peter Walker with SWA Group designed the plaza with a geometrical composition and a planting palette Landscape Style: Modernist inspired by indigenous Mexican and colonial Spanish precedents.

The landscape contains several distinct, connected elements. A small paved plaza Landscape Type: on the southern side of the building is home to Four Arches, a 42-foot, orange- Plaza painted, steel sculpture by Alexander Calder which aligns with the building’s main Public Park entrance. Directly south of the plaza is an informal garden reminiscent of a rural hacienda landscape, dominated by four raised quadrants edged with steps that Designed By: contain over 200 evergreen pear trees planted in grids. The quadrants are divided by Peter Walker SWA Group linear channels with rows of water jets and lined with flower-filled pots. The channels converge in a central 100-foot-diameter well ringed by a walk and jacaranda trees. Water flowing from the channels drops down 24 feet into a sunken grotto planted with palms and ferns set on round, walled berms. A glass-walled restaurant and a bank under the main level are afforded views of the grotto through the cascading water. Semi-circular fountains mark the four corners of the property. Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo by Charles Birnbaum

14 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 15 Downtown LA 505-555 South Flower Street W. 5th and W. 6th, S. Olive and S. Hill streets Downtown LA

City National Plaza Pershing Square (ARCO Plaza) This Modernist super-block development constructed between 1970 and 1972 in the Established as La Plaza Abaja in 1866 and known as Central Park after 1890, this downtown financial district was built as the Atlantic Richfield Company’s (ARCO) world five-acre public square in Bunker Hill was renamed for General John Joseph Pershing headquarters. The 4.2-acre, U-shaped complex spans the southern slope of Bunker Hill and in 1918. It was originally designed as a formal garden by architects Parkinson and Landscape Style: is comprised of two high-rise towers flanking a low-rise building, fronted by a civic plaza. Bergstrom in 1911, planted with tropical trees and shrubs and featuring balustrades Modernist and orthogonal walks leading to a central, three-tiered fountain. In 1951, the park was Designed by Albert C. Martin and Associates, the International-Style towers are clad in Landscape Style: razed to build a subterranean, 1,800-car parking garage and replaced with an elevated polished panels of Vermont Green granite interspersed with panes of bronze glass. The plaza, Postmodernist Landscape Type: lawn with twin reflecting pools. Isolated from the city by automobiles ramps, the park designed by Sasaki Walker & Associates, is paved in the same dark granite. Open to Flower Plaza was again redesigned by Mexican architect Ricardo Legorreta and landscape architect Street directly across from the Maguire Gardens and the Los Angeles Central Library, the Landscape Type: Laurie Olin of Hanna/Olin between 1992 and 1994. Public Park – Greens, Commons, Squares Designed By: plaza is anchored by a 60-foot-diameter fountain which features Double Ascension, a 20-foot high, orange-painted aluminum sculpture created by Herbert Bayer in 1969. Water cascades The rectangular site is divided into two paved plazas linked by an east-west walkway Sasaki, Walker & Associates Designed By: over the curved rim of the shallow granite bowl into a depressed catch basin, while low steps and a central crossing dominated by a low, geometric building painted yellow. The Herbert Bayer Parkinson and Bergstrom WET Design encircling the fountain provide impromptu seating. Trees in planters along the edges of the Postmodernist design employs bright colors, whimsical details and public art to link Laurie Olin Olin Partnership plaza provide shade over benches, while trees planted adjacent to the sidewalk ring the the region’s Hispanic and Anglo heritages. Olin and Legorreta incorporated references Hanna/Olin block. In 2004, the fountain was re-engineered as a kinetic water display by WET Design and to California’s cultural history: a small orange grove alludes to the citrus industry and Ricardo Legorreta the plaza was renovated by Olin Partnership. Conceived as a European piazza, the public a conceptual earthquake fault line, rendered in different colored granites by artist space includes movable café seating and translucent canopies extending from the towers. Barbara McCarren, interrupts the pavement and suggests seismic activity. The park’s The plaza’s name changed in 2005 to reflect the south tower’s lease to City National Bank. focal point is a 120-foot-high, purple campanile and an elevated aqueduct that carries water to a pebble-paved circular pool on the southern plaza. The park also contains an expansive open lawn crossed by concrete paths, a concert stage and an ice rink. Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo by Charles Birnbaum

16 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 17 Downtown LA 5th Street and Figueroa Street 5th Street and Figueroa Street Downtown LA

Union Bank Square

Photo by Charles Birnbaum Located downtown at Fifth and Figueroa Streets and adjacent to the Harbor Freeway, this three-acre paved plaza is situated three stories above the street level and was designed by Garrett Eckbo in 1968. Nestled around the forty-story Union Bank Tower designed by Harrison + Abramowitz of New York and Albert C. Martin Associates of Los Angeles, the plaza was intended to be experienced by pedestrians and to be viewed Landscape Style: from above by Union Bank employees. With multiple points of access that include a Modernist pedestrian bridge from the neighboring Bonaventure Hotel, a monumental staircase (and elevator) at Fifth Street, and discrete staircases near the freeway, the plaza is Landscape Type: accessible from the surrounding neighborhood. Roof Garden Plaza The plaza’s biomorphic and organic forms recall paintings by Joan Miro, with a series of sculpted grass islands surrounded by water and linked by a central bridge. The water Designed By: is essentially still with the exception of two small jets. Framing and drawing attention to Garrett Eckbo the fountain are a grove of trees planted on a grid, which corresponds to the structural Eckbo Dean Austin + Williams columns below. The regimented arrangement of the trees transitions from circular concrete planter boxes in the paved center to lawn areas around the perimeter. Tree species include ficus, jacaranda, sycamore and coral. The original design called for a series of sculptural forms by Bella Feldmand that were not realized, but in 1970 Jerome Kirk's commissioned piece Aquarius was dedicated in its place. Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo by Charles Birnbaum

18 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 19 South LA 701 State Drive S. Vermont Avenue and W. Exposition Boulevard South LA University of Southern Exposition Park California (USC)

Located just south of the University of Southern California (USC) campus, this 160-acre Considered the oldest private research institution in the state, the University of Southern park houses some of the city’s largest cultural institutions and sports venues. Between California (USC) is located two miles southwest of downtown on a 226-acre urban Landscape Style: 1872 and 1910 the site operated as an agricultural fairground and racetrack known campus. It was founded by Judge Robert M. Widney, who in 1879 secured three gifts Landscape Style: Beaux Arts/Neoclassical as Agricultural Park. At the behest of USC’s President George Bovard, the State of totaling 308 city lots adjacent to Exposition Park to create the new campus. Beaux Arts/Neoclassical Modernist California and the County and City of Los Angeles purchased the parkland in 1889 in The first general campus plan was created by the firm Train and Williams, Architects, Landscape Type: an effort to improve the site's usage. In 1913, the racetrack was demolished and the but was quickly succeeded in 1919 by a Beaux Arts-style master plan by architects Landscape Type: Exposition Grounds newly renovated green space was renamed Exposition Park. John Parkinson, USC’s John Parkinson and Donald Parkinson. The plan connected the university to Exposition Campus – City Beautiful Campus Public Park – Neighborhood Park campus architect, designed the site plan according to Beaux Arts planning principles, Park via a series of Italian Romanesque buildings along University Avenue and bridges Designed By: choosing the racetrack area for a Sunken Garden designed by Fred H. Howard, crossing it. Additional land was acquired through the 1920s and 1930s during which John Parkinson Designed By: surrounded on three sides by an armory, a natural science museum, and an art gallery. time numerous structures were built, including the Doheny Memorial Library in 1932 John Parkinson Donald B. Parkinson In 1928 the garden was redesigned by Howard and rededicated as the Rose Garden, landscaped by A.E. Hanson and the Mudd Hall of Philosophy in 1930 with a courtyard Parkinson and Parkinson a seven-acre formal garden containing more than 15,000 rose bushes laid in a grid of Parkinson and Parkinson designed by Charles Adams. A.E. Hanson Fred H. Howard square planting beds that extend from both sides of a large circular fountain. Meléndrez Starting in the 1950s high-rise towers were built in interstitial open spaces, designed by Charles Gibbs Adams Mia Lehrer + Associates In the 1990s landscape architecture firm Meléndrez developed a master plan for the notable Modernist architects such as Albert C. Martin and Associates, Edward Durell Emmett Wemple park as well as the landscape surrounds for the California Science Center. In 2013, Stone and A. Quincy Jones. In 1961 and again in 1966, the architecture firm William William Pereira & Associates Related Landscape: the Nature Gardens were added adjacent to the Natural History Museum, designed by Pereira and Associates developed a master plan that aimed to improve pedestrian Related Landscape: University of Southern California Mia Lehrer + Associates. The park’s Natural History Museum and the Rose Garden are access and unite the campus as a whole, with buildings arranged around quadrangles Exposition Park listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The Memorial Coliseum, built in 1923, and an increase in recreational outdoor space. From 1951 until 1988, landscape became a National Historic Landmark in 1984. architect Emmet Wemple taught at USC and was influential on the campus landscape. Photo by Trudi Sandmeier Photo by Trudi Sandmeier Photo by Trudi Sandmeier Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo by Charles Birnbaum

20 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 21 South LA 5300 Rodeo Road 5300 Rodeo Road South LA

Village Green (Baldwin Hills Village) Village Green was named a National Historic Landmark District in 2001. Photo by Charles Birnbaum This 68-acre planned community now known as Village Green was built between 1935 and 1942 and sits on the flats north of Baldwin Hills in southwestern Los Angeles. The design is the result of a successful collaboration between architect Reginald Johnson, landscape architect Fred Barlow, and urban planner Clarence Stein. Garden City-inspired landscape planning serves as the organizing design Landscape Type: approach; individual living units, generally two-story apartment buildings, open Suburb out onto landscaped common areas and child friendly play spaces, while parking FHA-Approved Neighborhood and roadways are confined to the perimeter. Allées of olive and sycamore Designed By: trees allude to California's native and cultivated landscape. Ivy ground cover is Clarence Stein used in place of lawn and decomposed granite walkways weave through small Fred Barlow, Jr. formal gardens. Building on experience from the creation of Sunnyside Gardens Reginald Johnson and Radburn, Stein created Baldwin Hills, which he believed was the purest manifestation of his Radburn Idea - a community of residential buildings with semi-private gardens surrounding an open communal green. The larger Baldwin Hills district includes 450 acres of protected parkland on the central hills overlooking the Los Angeles Basin. Baldwin Hills Village was declared a City of Los Angeles Cultural Heritage site in 1977 and listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo by Charles Birnbaum

22 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 23 Beverly Hills N. Santa Monica Boulevard and Rexford Drive N. Santa Monica Blvd and Rexford Drive Beverly Hills

Beverly Hills In 1914, Beverly Hills was incorporated into the city of Los Angeles; In the ensuing decades it became famous for the gracious lifestyle of its residents. Photo by Larkin Owens Situated in western Los Angeles County, this 5.7 square-mile city was part of a 4,500-acre Mexican land grant deeded to Maria Rita Valdez Villa in 1828. The land was initially used as a horse and cattle ranch, then was converted to lima bean fields before being purchased for oil development in 1900. Instead of finding oil the Amalgamated Oil Company discovered rich water sources and converted their company into the Rodeo Land and Water Company. Landscape Style: Beaux Arts/Neoclassical In 1907, owner Burton Green renamed the area “Beverly Hills.” He envisioned the Picturesque or "Romantic" development of a desirable residential enclave in the burgeoning city of Los Angeles and commissioned landscape architect and urban planner Wilbur Cook and architect Myron Landscape Type: Hunt to design the master plan. Cook created a community of private estates set within a Suburb – Country Club Suburb lush, park-like environment between Santa Monica and Sunset boulevards. A gently curving grid of tree-lined streets divided the properties, with larger spacious lots to the north on Designed By: steeper terrain and smaller parcels to the south. Cook lined the streets with palms and Wilbur D. Cook, Jr. deciduous trees and set houses generously back from the sidewalks, screened with hedges of flowering shrubs. He incorporated several public parks, including Santa Monica Park, a three-block-long green space renamed Beverly Gardens Park which was expanded to 23 blocks and designed by Cook’s business partner Ralph Cornell in 1931. In 1912 Cook designed the grounds of the Beverly Hills Hotel, a development which Green spearheaded to attract wealthy residents. Photo by Laura Hartzell Photo by Laura Hartzell Photo by Larkin Owens

24 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 25 Beverly Hills N. Santa Monica Boulevard and Rexford Drive N. Santa Monica Boulevard and Rexford Drive Beverly Hills

Beverly Gardens Park N. Santa Monica Boulevard & N. Wilshire Boulevard Regula and Don Campbell of Campbell & Campbell. A new library and other municipal buildings were Landscape Style: Beaux Arts/Neoclassical Landscape Type: Public Park – Neighborhood Park constructed between 1988 and 1992, unified by a Postmodernist landscape of public spaces that Designed by: Wilbur D. Cook, Jr.; Ralph Dalton Cornell; Cook, Hall & Cornell; Mia Lehrer + Associates incorporate arcades, balconies, courtyards and stairs. Three oval courtyards bounded by tiled arcades are arranged diagonally on a north-south axis, linking the two city blocks that comprise the civic center. The This 16-acre linear park stretches nearly two miles along Santa Monica Boulevard use of colorful tile alludes to City Hall’s tiled dome, and the terraced courtyard on the building’s western and Wilshire Boulevard in Beverly Hills. Three central blocks were delineated as elevation reflects its original design, with scroll-topped patio walls decorated with urns and two fountains parkland in the 1906 subdivision plat by Wilbur D. Cook, Jr., providing a buffer in a symmetrical garden. The court gardens, planted with palm and subtropical shrubs, are abstractions between the residential area to the north and the city’s commercial core. Opened of Southern California landscapes. They are connected by a series of fountains and pools fed by a "desert in 1911, the small park featured a large raised, concrete reflecting pool known as oasis" represented by a mass of boulders at the site’s upper edge. the lily pond fronted by the iconic Beverly Hills sign. In the late 1920s adjoining parcels were added to expand the park to its current 23 blocks. Designed by Ralph Cornell in 1931, each block-sized green space 9650 Sunset Boulevard included a ten foot-wide paved promenade (bordered by a low wall), concrete Will Rogers Memorial Park Landscape Style: Beaux Arts/Neoclassical Landscape Type: Public Park – benches, trimmed hedges and flower beds. The overall park design generally

Photo by Larkin Owens Neighborhood Park Designed by: Wilbur D. Cook, Jr. featured lawn areas adjacent to street frontage with trees planted to shade a decomposed granite path. Three specialty gardens of palms, roses, and cacti and This five-acre, triangular park was originally part of the front lawn of succulents were also created, along with four pergolas and three fountains spread throughout the park. The Electric Fountain, the Beverly Hills Hotel, designed by Wilbur Cook in 1912. In 1915 designed by Ralph Flewelling, incorporated a 50-foot diameter tiled basin with reliefs of scenes from California history along the hotel donated the parcel to the city as Sunset Park, the first with a cast concrete figure of a Native American created by Merrell Gage. public park in Beverly Hills. The park and hotel were some of the first developments in the area, which at the time was surrounded By the mid-20th century the lily pond was replaced by a raised lawn and flower display. In 2013 work began on a park by lima bean fields. While the neighborhood around it flourished renovation by Mia Lehrer + Associates based on Cornell’s original design, including the re-establishment of the lily pond. as the epicenter of the early 20th century film industry, the park became a popular meeting place for celebrities and the setting of several films. Beverly Hills Civic Center 455 N. Rexford Drive Landscape Style: Postmodernist Landscape Type: Institutional Grounds – Governmental Bounded by West Sunset Boulevard, North Canon Drive and North Designed by: Seymour Thomas; Charles Moore; Don Campbell; Regula Campbell; Campbell & Campbell Beverly Drive, the park is divided by a double promenade flanked

In 1929, the Beverly Hills city council decided to relocate all municipal facilities to by mature palm trees and linear rows of low, clipped shrubs. Photo by Larkin Owens the northeastern corner of the city’s triangular commercial district. The new civic The northern part of the promenade, near the Sunset Boulevard center included the City Hall, police and fire stations, an emergency hospital, a entrance to the park, wraps around a raised oval fountain and pond with koi fish and turtles, forming a small library, and a post office under one vast roof. Designed by architects Harry Koerner plaza. Symmetrical curvilinear paths extend from the plaza towards the park's corners, forming smaller garden and William Gage, the Spanish Renaissance-style building was erected in 1931 on spaces alternately planted with open lawn, a dragon tree, and clusters roses, evergreen shrubs, and small the northern portion of a 6.5-acre parcel, and surrounded by Persian and Islamic- flowering trees. The perimeter of the park is lined with more densely planted palm trees and narrower footpaths. inspired gardens created by landscape architect Seymour Thomas. In 1952 the park was renamed for actor Will Rogers, who was named Honorary Mayor of Beverly Hills in 1926. By 1982 the municipal government had outgrown its quarters and decided to In 1997 the city’s Recreation and Parks Department undertook the park's renovation that resulted in the removal expand upon its ten-acre property. Architect Charles Moore with Urban Innovations of additions from the 1950s and returned the park to its original 1920s appearance. Group designed the new complex in conjunction with landscape architects Photo by Laura Hartzell

26 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 27 West LA 1200 Getty Center Drive 1200 Getty Center Drive West LA

The museum complex later incorporated the Fran and Ray Stark Sculpture Garden, a tripartite The J. Paul Getty Center garden design by OLIN and Richard Meier & Partners Architects, was completed in 2007. Photo © OLIN / Sahar Coston-Hardy Constructed between 1983 and 1997, the museum complex is perched on a rise in the Santa Monica Mountains with panoramic views of the city skyline, Landscape Style: the ocean, and the San Bernardino and the San Gabriel mountains. It is sited Postmodernist on a 110-acre parcel surrounded by a 600-acre preserve of native oaks and Modernist sycamores and accessed by a cable-pulled funicular that rises 900 feet up the hillside. Architect Richard Meier designed the marble-clad complex with a Landscape Type: master plan stipulating that 19 of the campus’s 24 acres should be developed Institutional Grounds – Cultural as gardens. Denis Kurutz representing Emmet L. Wemple & Associates created a plan for the entire site in 1987 including the entrances and a 50-acre slope Designed By: with drought-tolerant plants and 6,000 oak trees. In 1992 landscape architect Emmet L. Wemple & Associates Laurie Olin, with Fong & Associates and Dan Kiley as consultants, designed the Denis Kurutz Hanna/Olin - Laurie Olin gardens surrounding the museum. Daniel Urban Kiley At the heart of the complex is the site-specific, sculpturalCentral Garden Robert Irwin designed by artist Robert Irwin with gardener Jim Duggan and landscape Richard Meier & Partners Architects architects Spurlock Poirier. Completed in 1997, this 134,000 square-foot Richard Meier garden is accessed by a spiraling sycamore-lined walk that crosses a grass Fong & Associates edged stream, culminating in a plaza with three tree-like metal arbors draped in Spurlock Poirier bougainvillea. The Cactus Garden at the South Promontory was also part of the Jim Duggan original design, created by Dennis McGlade of OLIN. Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo © OLIN / Sahar Coston-Hardy Photo by Charles Birnbaum

28 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 29 West LA 405 Hilgard Avenue 405 Hilgard Avenue West LA University of California,

Los Angeles (UCLA) Surrounded by residential neighborhoods and commercial development, the campus today measures 419 acres. Photo courtesy of University of California, Los Angeles Landscape Style: Established in 1919, the Southern Branch of the University of California was developed Beaux Arts/Neoclassical from the State Normal School. The campus expanded to a new rural, 200-acre tract in “Mediterranean” Estate Westwood Hills in 1924, with ocean views and the verdant backdrop of the Bel Air hills. Landscape Type: In 1926 architect George Kelham developed a Beaux Art campus master plan, with 40 Campus – Land Grant College red-brick Romanesque buildings set in a cross axial arrangement. Kelham worked with Designed By: the site's hilly, irregular terrain by using terraces and steps on the west side of the hill George W. Kelham and creating a Romanesque-style bridge over an arroyo to the east, which constituted John W. Gregg the main entry axis. Landscape architect John Gregg designed a corresponding Wurdeman and Becket Mediterranean campus landscape through the 1930s, which was continued by Ralph Cornell, Bridgers & Troller Cornell after 1937. In 1947 the arroyo was filled and the bridge buried to create Ralph Dalton Cornell Dickinson Court and Plaza. Howard Troller Between 1948 and 1968, Wurdeman and Becket were consulting architects for the Jere M. Hazlett campus, initiating an era of Modernist planning principles and International-style Emmet L. Wemple & Associates Hodgetts + Fung architecture. From the 1950s until 1972, Cornell, Howard Troller and Jere Hazlett of Cornell, Bridgers & Troller served as principal landscape architects, overseeing the Related Landscapes: creation of the Grand Axis, the Inverted Fountain, the Franklin D. Murphy Sculpture Franklin D. Murphy Sculpture Garden Garden, Bruin Walk and Bruin Plaza. Later development in the southwestern quadrant Inverted Fountain Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden of the campus incorporated gardens designed by Emmet L. Wemple & Associates and a new entrance at Le Conte Avenue by Hodgetts + Fung. Photo courtesy of University California, Los Angeles Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo by Charles Birnbaum

30 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 31 West LA UCLA UCLA West LA

Franklin D. Murphy Sculpture Garden (UCLA) low brown-brick wall, with an interior rill. Water circulating in the rill spills over a circle of red bricks and near 245 Charles E. Young Drive East flows inward across a bed of multi-colored rocks collected in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains. Landscape Style: Modernist Type: Institutional Grounds – Cultural The current converges at an off-centered well and creates a small waterfall as it tumbles into a 12- Designed by: Ralph Dalton Cornell; Cornell, Bridgers & Troller foot wide and five-foot deep crater that recirculates the water at 10,000 gallons per minute. This eddy This sculpture garden was envisioned in 1960 by University of California, Los creates the naturalistic sound and appearance of a mountain stream, and was inspired by the bubbling Angeles (UCLA) Chancellor Franklin D. Murphy to be a public amenity. Its springs and geisers at Yellowstone National Park, which Troller had seen in his youth. A campus original intent was to expose students and staff to art as a part of daily life. landmark, the fountain is a popular spot for students to gather and wade into the water. Built as part of a larger campus expansion plan, landscape architect Ralph Cornell of Cornell, Bridgers and Troller was commissioned to design the five- acre rectangular site, a former parking lot nestled among campus buildings. Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden (UCLA) Designed without knowledge of what sculpture the site would house, Cornell 777 Tiverton Drive envisioned the garden as a piece of art in itself. Rigid forms on the outer Landscape Style: Picturesque or “Romantic” Type: Botanical Garden edges of the space, including linear concrete pathways and raised terraces, Designed by: Ralph Dalton Cornell; Howard Troller; Cornell, Bridgers & Troller Photo by Charles Birnbaum provide a transition between the modern campus buildings and the inner This seven-acre botanical garden at the University of California, Los park. Naturalistic green areas, berms, and curvilinear pathways provide intimate spaces where visitors interact Angeles’ Westwood campus was established in 1929 as a teaching with sculptures and relax on the lawn. A bridge spans the park, providing direct access to the central campus and facility and laboratory. Originally encompassing 31 acres, the garden allowing pedestrians to pass over the lawn. Sculptures, including works by Alexander Calder and Auguste Rodin, was sited in the southeastern corner of the campus near an arroyo are set into the terraces, along pathways, and placed in curving concrete seating areas at the edges of the lawn. lined with willows. The arid hills were planted with coastal sage scrub, Plantings include an allée of coral trees along the northern terrace; rows of canary pines; jacarandas; sycamores; to which collections of eucalyptus and ficus were added. The area’s eucalyptus, and redwood trees. Dedicated in 1967, the garden is maintained by UCLA’s Hammer Museum. microclimate allowed for the propagation of tropical and subtropical plants; flora common to Australia and Hawaii were displayed in thematic gardens, including gymnosperms, palms, succulents, aquatics, and camellias. The first manager of the botanical garden, Inverted Fountain (UCLA) George C. Groenewegen, obtained specimens by donation, largely arden Photo courtesy of M ildred E . athias Botanical G arden near Charles E. Young Drive East at Westholme Avenue from the United States Department of Agriculture, the California Landscape Style: Modernist Type: Plaza Botanical Garden, and the Huntington Botanical Gardens. Designed by: Howard Troller; Jere Hazlett; Cornell, Bridgers & Troller The garden flourished under the direction of landscape architect Ralph Cornell of Cornell, Bridgers and This landscape feature was inserted into the eastern extreme of the Troller from 1937 until the mid-1950s. His partner, Howard Troller, designed the subtropical conservatory southern campus in 1968. Conceived by landscape architect Howard Troller and a lath house that was constructed for research purposes in the northwestern corner of the garden in and developed by the school’s architectural commission which included 1952. Between 1956 and 1974, the garden was managed by Mildred Mathias, for whom it was named in landscape architect Jere Hazlett, the innovative fountain was commissioned 1979. Plants are arranged by geographic, taxonomic, or cultural themes, and special collections include by university Chancellor Franklin D. Murphy, who encouraged the designers Malaysian rhododendrons, bromeliads, cycads, ferns, and shrubs found in Mediterranean climes. The to create something new and original. The fountain’s inversion was most recent feature added to the garden, “the nest,” is a small amphitheater designed by the garden staff necessitated by its siting in the middle of Franz Plaza: wind passing through and constructed from Northern California incense cedar and boulders in 1996. the open paved court would have carried a conventional fountain’s spray in all directions. The resulting design is a shallow, circular basin edged in a Photo by Charles Birnbaum

32 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 33 North LA 1418 Descanso Drive, La Cañada Flintridge 1418 Descanso Drive, La Cañada Flintridge North LA

Descanso Gardens

Photo by Mike Zrodlo In 1935, newspaper magnate E. Manchester Boddy, owner of the Los Angeles Daily News, purchased a 165-acre tract in the San Rafael Hills and named his estate Rancho del Descanso ("Rest" in Spanish). Architect James Dolena designed the Colonial-Revival mansion, completed in 1938, which he sited on a hillcrest with panoramic views of the San Gabriel Mountains. Beginning in 1936, Boddy planted thousands of camellias in Landscape Style: the estate’s hills alongside coast live oaks and chaparral. At its peak the estate had more Picturesque or "Romantic" than 20 acres planted with 600,000 camellias, the largest collection on the continent. In 1941, Boddy hired expert camellia propagator J. Howard Asper and opened a Landscape Type: commercial nursery on the property, and soon thereafter commissioned Dr. Walter E. Garden and Estate – Country Place Era Lammerts, PhD to hybridize roses and lilacs and design the original, five-acre rose Botanical Garden garden, completed in 1948. Boddy sold the estate to the Los Angeles County Arboretum in 1953, which transferred Designed By: E. Manchester Boddy management to the Descanso Garden Guild in 1957. The county designed 80 acres Wayne Williams of gardens from Boddy’s original landscape, including lilac and iris gardens, a bird Lawrence R. Moss and Associates sanctuary, and an eight acre xeriscape. Between 1953 and 1956, Wayne Williams designed the Japanese garden with a koi-filled stream and arcing bridge, a pool with waterfalls, Japanese maples, stands of bamboo, and a teahouse. In 1994, the rose garden was developed as the International Rosarium, designed by Steve Smith of Lawrence R. Moss and Associates with over 4,000 rose bushes in 20 thematic rooms. ardens Photo courtesy of Descanso G ardens Photo by R ichard Su Photo by M ike Zrodlo

34 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 35 North LA 5375 Red Oak Drive 1600 Campus Road, Eagle Rock North LA

Ferndell Occidental College

This wooded glen close to the Western Canyon entrance to Griffith Park was created after Founded in 1887, this private liberal arts college moved from Highland Park to 120 acres the City of Los Angeles acquired a 1,000-foot long by 200-foot wide park entrance corridor in Eagle Rock around 1912, a site nestled in a secluded valley below the San Rafael Hills off of Western Avenue. In the early 20th century, health-seekers sipped the natural spring north of downtown Los Angeles. Architect Myron Hunt created a Beaux Arts, cross-axial waters there, which were thought to have curative powers. The meandering dirt footpaths master plan centered on an open quadrangle located halfway up a dominant rise. Sports fields and a hillside amphitheater were sited in a more picturesque arrangement on the lined with concrete handrails and bridges fashioned to look like wood were built in the Landscape Style: 1910s, while Griffith Park’s Superintendent and plantsman Frank Shearer added native and campus periphery. As campus architect until 1940, Hunt designed 21 buildings in a “Mediterranean” Estate Landscape Style: imported ferns through the 1920s, giving the garden its name. Ferndell was enlarged further Mediterranean Revival-style with tiled roofs, archways and covered walks. Picturesque or "Romantic" Beaux Arts/Neoclassical by artisans and workers from the Works Progress Administration’s Civilian Conservation In 1936 the central quad was converted into a pedestrian zone by landscape gardener Corps (CCC) during the Great Depression. The CCC laborers built stone-lined water features, Landscape Type: Beatrix Farrand. Four long terraces were sliced across the slope, buttressed by low Landscape Type: Campus – Quadrangle Plan Public Park picnic areas, benches, masonry retaining walls and railings in the National Park Service’s retaining walls with round-edged, concrete stairs. The quad’s paved walks cut through signature rustic style. open lawn shaded by mature live oaks (now holly oaks). A second quadrangle, the Student Designed By: Designed By: At 20 acres, Ferndell features a quarter-mile trail that loops around a spring-fed ravine under Quad, was created from a grassy slope supported by a retaining wall. Around Thorne Hall, Frank Shearer Myron Hunt the dense canopy of mature sycamores, alders, spruces, oaks, redwoods and pines. More Farrand positioned steps, walls, and ramps and planted four mature olive trees in the Beatrix Farrand than 50 fern species cover the ground alongside tropical plants, succulents and flowers. The flagstone-paved forecourt, large agaves on the eastern elevation, and white wisteria along Howard Troller garden includes tree-shaded ponds and a brook with numerous, small cascades. A spur of the rear wall. While consulting on the 1938 campus master plan, Farrand selected the site the looped trail heads east to the Griffith Observatory. The verdant landscape fuses natural for Haines Hall, set dramatically back on a steep slope. and designed features into a unique transition area between Griffith Park’s manicured and Although the campus expansion continued after World War II, the core of Hunt’s plan wilderness zones, while offering a peaceful escape from the city. Ferndell contributed to the remains intact. From 1978 to 1992, Howard Troller served as campus landscape architect, city’s designation of Griffith Park as a Historic-Cultural Monument in 2009. integrating new buildings and landscapes and improving existing landscapes in other areas. Photo by JoDean Bifoss Photo by JoDean Bifoss Photo by JoDean Bifoss Photo courtesy of Occidental College Photo courtesy of Occidental College Photo courtesy of Occidental College

36 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 37 Pasadena 301 North Baldwin Avenue, Arcadia 301 North Baldwin Avenue, Arcadia Pasadena LA County Arboreteum

& Botanical Garden In addition, the Arboretum is well known as a location site for film production, from the early Tarzan films to Bing Crosby/Bob Hope “Road” movies to contemporary features such as “Meet the Fockers” and “Bridesmaids.” Photo courtesy of Los Angeles County Arboretum & Botanical Garden This 127-acre landscape nestled in the San Gabriel Mountains was once part of cattle rancher Hugo Reid’s 13,000-acre Rancho Santa Anita, established in 1845. In 1875, 8000 acres of the property was acquired by Elias Jackson "Lucky" Baldwin, founder of the city of Arcadia, who created Baldwin Lake and built two Eastlake stick-style structures, the Queen Landscape Style: Anne Cottage and Coach Barn, designed by architect Albert A. Bennett in the 1880s. With Picturesque or "Romantic" a strong interest in trees and gardens, Baldwin established several specimens that still grow today near the Lake and Queen Anne Cottage. Landscape Type: In 1947, Los Angeles County purchased 111 acres around the Baldwin house for use as Botanical Garden an arboretum. Harry Sims Bent designed the master plan in 1950 and landscape architect Arboretum Edward Huntsman-Trout contributed to several individual garden designs. Opened to the Designed By: public in 1955, some garden collections display representative species of six continents, Edward Huntsman-Trout with special emphasis on plants adapted to the world’s Mediterranean climates. Other Harry Sims Bent landscape elements include a grove of the native Engelmann oaks, a tropical jungle garden, and a series of specialty gardens including the thematically-colored Grace Kallam Perennial Garden and the Meyberg Waterfall, an aquatic garden with tropical and temperate plants. Huntsman-Trout also created the Victorian Rose Garden, an elliptical-shaped garden surrounded by a citrus grove, as well as the Bauer Fountain, created in collaboration with artist Millard Sheets in 1963. Like several Arboretum structures, it reflects the Modernist design sensibilities of mid-20th century southern California. Photo courtesy of LA County Arboretum & Botanical G arden Photo courtesy of Daderot at en.wikipedia Photo by Brianna Lamoreux

38 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 39 Pasadena 131-199 S. Arroyo Boulevard 100 N. Garfield Avenue Pasadena

La Casita del Arroyo Pasadena Civic Center

In 1933, during the Great Depression, the Pasadena Garden Club sponsored the construction In 1923, the Chicago architecture firm of Bennett, Parsons & Frost developed a plan for of this house and garden as a public works project. Architect Myron Hunt designed the small Pasadena’s downtown core, which centralized the city’s most important civic institutions structure, which was constructed with boulders from the nearby Arroyo Seco and lumber within a single district. An unrealized portion of Daniel Burnham’s Plan of Chicago, a City from a bicycle track built for the 1932 Olympics. Beautiful concept in which grand avenues terminate in the city’s most important public buildings, influenced their vision. This concept was manifested in Holly Street, a major By the 1980s the wedge-shaped property, perched precariously on a cliff above the creek, Landscape Style: east-west axis lined with mature carob trees that terminates at the iconic Pasadena City was at risk from erosion. Landscape architects Isabelle Greene and Yosh Befu were engaged Landscape Style: Picturesque or "Romantic" Hall. This monumental Spanish Colonial Revival domed structure, designed by architects to design a new garden, but while work was underway a fire destroyed all but the stone walls Beaux Arts/ Neoclassical John Bakewell, Jr. and Arthur Brown, Jr. of Bakewell & Brown in 1927, incorporates a of the house. With funds raised by Los Angeles County and the Pasadena Garden Club, the Landscape Type: central, arcaded interior courtyard with a cast-stone fountain surrounded by silk-floss and Landscape Type: Garden and Estate house was rebuilt and the new landscape completed in 1988. native oak trees. Plaza Greene and Befu’s gardens are defined by river rock walls, large granite boulders, perennial Institutional Grounds – Governmental Crossing Holly Street in front of City Hall is Garfield Avenue, which meets the Public Designed By: planting beds, and winding paths paved in decomposed granite. Native plants from California Isabelle Greene Library to the north and the Civic Auditorium to the south. This avenue is lined with and the Mediterranean are used throughout, serving as an educational resource about Designed By: Yosh Befu magnolia trees. At the intersection of Holly Street and Garfield Avenue lies City Hall Plaza, horticulture for the surrounding community. The Butterfly Sanctuary, which overlooks the Bennett, Parsons & Frost whose western side is curved to give a more expansive view of the building’s façade. Arroyo Seco, is planted with mature oaks, Matilija poppy, blue-eyed grass, Columbine and Coral bells. The property is separated from the traffic of Arroyo Boulevard by a band of Other significant public buildings populate the blocks surrounding City Hall Plaza, evergreen trees, shrubs, and Oakleaf Hydrangea. originally planned with pockets of open space, landscaped with lawns, shrubs, and California redwoods. The sidewalks throughout the Pasadena Civic Center District were The Pasadena Garden Club managed the house and grounds until 1994, when the La Casita paved in a basket weave pattern of soft hued bricks, further uniting the area as a cohesive Foundation was established as the proprietor of the site. The site was listed in the National public space. The district was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. Register of Historic Place in 2001 as part of the Lower Arroyo Seco nomination. Photo by Brendan M cKenney Photo by Brendan M cKenney Photo by Brendan M cKenney Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo by Charles Birnbaum

40 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 41 Pasadena 135 N. Los Robles Avenue 135 N. Los Robles Avenue Pasadena

The tile work and fountains at Plaza Las Fuentes echo Halprin’s work in Grand Hope Park and the Plaza Las Fuentes Maguire Gardens in Los Angeles, landscapes which were also developed by Robert Maguire. Photo by Charles Birnbaum In 1984, the City of Pasadena initiated a program to improve its historic Civic Center and selected a rectangular block bounded by Colorado Boulevard, Walnut Street, and Los Robles and Euclid avenues for a mixed-use development that would offer a variety of commercial spaces. The six-acre parcel, developed by Maguire Thomas Partners, is situated across from the Spanish Colonial Revival-style City Hall, designed in 1927 by Landscape Style: architects John Bakewell, Jr. and Arthur Brown, Jr. of Bakewell & Brown. Opened in Postmodernist 1989, the site includes an eight-story office tower, a 12-story hotel, and retail spaces designed by Moore Ruble Yudell. Landscape architect Lawrence Halprin was selected Landscape Type: to design an integrated landscape that would reflect the architectural style of the Plaza complex and the heritage of nearby old town Pasadena. Designed By: Halprin’s Moorish-influenced design includes pedestrian arcades and a series of Lawrence Halprin distinct courtyards and terraced public gardens characterized by decorative paving Lawrence Halprin & Associates and tilework, lush plantings, and a variety of pools, water channels and waterfalls. Moore Ruble Yudell The central element is a large courtyard anchored with several fountains decorated The Maguire Partners in hand-painted ceramic tiles. An entire wall of decorative tiles was designed by artist Joyce Kozloff, while sculptures by Michael Lucero and other artists are placed throughout the gardens. Terrace and roof gardens offer views of the iconic City Hall dome as well as the San Gabriel Mountains. Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo by Charles Birnbaum

42 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 43 Pasadena 270 Arlington Drive 270 Arlington Drive Pasadena Storrier-Stearns

Japanese Garden Considered one of the most significant chisen-kaiyu shiki (pond strolling garden) in the country created prior to World War II, it was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. Photo © Deanie Nyman In 1935, after visiting Japan, Charles and Ellamae Storrier Stearns hired Kinzuchi Fujii to convert the tennis court area on their six-acre estate into a Japanese-style pond strolling garden from the Edo period. Built on a scale unprecedented in the U.S., the 1.5-acre garden is Fujii’s most significant work. Secluded from the street by a six-foot-high wall capped with black leaded tiles, the garden is accessed through an entrance gate flanked by Foo dog statues and Landscape Style: Japanese pittosporum, podocarpus, and acanthus. At the center of the garden are two irregularly- shaped, interconnecting ponds edged with beach pebbles, and a 200 foot-long retaining Landscape Type: wall that wraps the north and east sides of the ponds. The wall buttresses a 25-foot- Garden and Estate – Country Place Era high hill formed from the ponds’ excavated soil. More than 2,000 granite boulders were brought in to create a cascading waterfall with a twelve-foot drop. A footpath winds Designed By: around both ponds and over a serpentine gully that is traversed by four granite and wood Kinzuchi Fujii footbridges. The garden was planted with black pines, Japanese maples, Chinese elms, Takeo Uesugi camellias, azaleas, rhododendrons, and ferns and contained five Japanese lanterns, a rustic, redwood-log shelter and a teahouse on the southern edge of the lower pond. The estate was subdivided in 1950 and fell into decline until 2005, when the teahouse was rebuilt (after burning down in 1981) and landscape architect Takeo Uesugi restored the garden according to Fujii’s original plans. Photo © Deanie Nyman Photo © Deanie Nyman Photo © Deanie Nyman

44 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 45 Pasadena 3360 E. Foothill Boulevard E. Washington Boulevard at N. El Molino Avenue Pasadena

Stuart Building Washington Park

Between 1956 and 1958, the Stuart Company, an independent pharmaceutical distribution One of the city’s earliest public parks, this 5.5-acre green space in the northwestern company, built a new headquarters on 5.7 acres east of Pasadena’s historic core. Designed neighborhood of Washington Square was reclaimed from a town dump between 1921 by Edward Durrell Stone, the office complex is noted for its white, Persian-inspired arcade and 1925. The city purchased three acres on the southeast corner of El Molino Avenue formed by a patterned concrete wall and flat roof supported by gold-painted steel columns. and Washington Boulevard in 1920, intending to create a children’s playground. Within Landscape Style: a year, the despoiled land was cleared and five memorial oaks were planted at the Picturesque or "Romantic" Landscape Style: Stone collaborated with landscape architect Thomas Church on the site plan and landscape dedication ceremony. Over the next few years, landscape architects Ralph Cornell and Modernist design. The square, low-rise edifice is set back from the street on a manicured lawn Landscape Type: Theodore Payne transformed the natural stream basin’s irregular terrain into a picturesque framed with mature palms and ferns. West of the building’s entrance, the patterned arcade Public Park – Neighborhood Park landscape, seeding an open lawn area and planting native vegetation. The work also Landscape Type: cantilevers over a shallow, linear reflecting pool with five jet fountains. Institutional Grounds included planting copses of deciduous trees, erecting walls made from river rocks, adding The rectangular rear courtyard, designed as an employee recreation space, is enclosed by Designed By: Corporate Office Park benches, and placing a rustic bridge over the arroyo. Ralph Dalton Cornell a high wall and bordered by a concrete walk set with smooth beach pebbles. It features an Over the ensuing decades facilities for active recreation were added to the park, including Theodore Payne Designed By: elliptical swimming pool, a bathhouse, a conical pavilion flanked by a tall cypress tree, and a a basketball and tennis court, a baseball diamond, and children’s play equipment. An Troller Mayer Associates Edward Durrell Stone lawn area interrupted by long, rectangular, raised beds planted with orange trees. asphalt parking lot was built in the park’s northeastern corner. The Friends of Washington Onyx Architects Thomas Dolliver Church Since its completion in 1958 relatively few alterations have been made to the building, Park, a non-profit organization formed in 1992, initiated a renovation project that same Pitcher Sage Design Robert Chattel Nativescapes although a ramp and railings were added to the entrance and additions were made in 1960 year. Landscape architects Troller Mayer Associates led the project based on Cornell’s and 1970. In 2006, the Stuart complex was adapted for condominiums and in 2011 architect original plans, with Onyx Architects creating rustic stone-and-log ramadas in the picnic Robert Chattel converted the main building into a performing arts center. The Church- area as well as information displays. The organization’s gardeners, in conjunction with designed landscape remains largely intact, although a shade pavilion was relocated to a Pitcher Sage Design and Nativescapes, also redesigned several areas within the park as nearby park. The complex was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. garden displays featuring plants that thrive in the southern California climate. Photo © Benjamin Ariff Photo © Benjamin Ariff Photo by R obert Chattel Photo courtesy of Friends of Washington Park Photo courtesy of Friends Washington Park Photo courtesy of Friends Washington Park Photo courtesy of Friends Washington

46 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 47 Santa Monica 415 Pacific Coast Highway 415 Pacific Coast Highway Santa Monica Annenberg Community

A wide boardwalk acts as a promenade and traces the mean Beach House high tide line as it was in 1921. Photo by Sarah Prikryl This five-acre beachfront property, developed by William Randolph Hearst for actress Marion Davies, included a 100-plus room mansion and several houses designed by architect Julia Morgan. In 1947 Davies sold the property to Joseph Drown, who operated it as the Oceanhouse Hotel along with the Sand & Sea Club, a limited-membership beach club, until the mansion was demolished in 1956. The State of California purchased the property in 1959, and the Sand & Sea Club continued to operate until Landscape Style: 1989. In the 1990s, the City of Santa Monica ran the facility until the 1994 Northridge Postmodernist Earthquake severely damaged all structures on site. The Annenberg Community Beach House, opened in 2009, was made possible by the Annenberg Foundation at the Landscape Type: recommendation of Wallis Annenberg and in partnership with the City of Santa Monica Public Park – Neighborhood Park and California State Parks. Historic Site Designed by landscape architects Mia Lehrer + Associates, the Beach House provides Designed By: access to the Pacific Ocean and a wide sandy beach featuring volleyball and tennis Mia Lehrer + Associates courts and a children’s play area. The pool deck, paved in concrete with patterned marble inlay, is defined by a white concrete colonnade and features a marble-coped swimming pool and guest house designed by Morgan in the 1920s; these were rehabilitated by architects Frederick Fisher and Partners, who also designed the entry pavilion, pool house, and restroom facilities. The site also features public art by Roy McMakin and planting beds filled with palms and native plants. Photo by G rant M udford Photo by G rant M udford Photo by Charles Birnbaum

48 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 49 Santa Monica Broadway and 26th Street 2501 Colorado Avenue Santa Monica

Colorado Center The complex attracted Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios as a tenant, (MGM Plaza) and was known as MGM Plaza through the 1990s. Photo courtesy of Pamela Burton and Company This thirteen-acre business park encompassing a city block on the east side of town was completed in 1984 as Colorado Place North, the first phase of a 28-acre mixed use development designed by architects Welton Becket Associates. Landscape architects Process Oriented Design (POD, Inc.) created the original landscape plan, which featured a central plaza linking six office and retail buildings built atop a subterranean, three-level Landscape Style: parking structure. The plaza included a courtyard atrium that filtered light below ground, Postmodernist bermed lawns, and dense groves of ficus trees that screened the complex from the urban surrounds. Landscape Type: After acquiring the renamed Colorado Center, Tishman Speyer retained landscape architect Corporate Office Park Pamela Burton in 2002 to update five acres within the complex. Burton replaced the existing plant palette with drought-resistant plants irrigated by a recycled water system while Designed By: strategically placing deciduous trees to shade the buildings. The grading and peripheral POD, Inc. Pamela Burton and Company planting was altered to make the complex more visible from the street, and an existing two acre lawn was planted with California sycamores and lined with beds of flowering Mediterranean shrubs. The corporate campus is connected by a series of garden rooms with water features and landscaped pedestrian walks. In the northwestern corner of the site, Burton introduced a 3.5-acre public park that includes volleyball, basketball, two tennis courts, and a playground. Photo courtesy of Pamela Burton and Company Photo courtesy of Pamela Burton and Company Photo courtesy of Pamela Burton and Company

50 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 51 Santa Monica 17985 Pacific Coast Highway 17985 Pacific Coast Highway Santa Monica

The Getty Villa Between 1997 and 2006, the villa was closed for renovations led by Denis Kurutz and architects Machado and Silvetti. After Kurutz’s death in 2003, Korn Randolph, Inc. continued his work, moving 100 existing trees and planting 1,200 new trees on the grounds. Photo by Charles Birnbaum Sited in a narrow canyon filled with eucalyptus trees, this art complex highlights Greek, Roman, and Etruscan works that began with artifacts collected by J. Paul Getty. In 1968, Getty sought to build a gallery on his 64-acre estate modeled after Villa dei Papiri, a Roman country house outside Herculaneum. Completed in 1974, the two-story villa and gardens were designed by architects Robert Langdon and Ernest Wilson and Landscape Style: landscape architect Denis Kurutz with Emmet L. Wemple & Associates. Replete with Postmodernist bronze sculptural replicas, fountains created by Bruce Ptolomy, and more than 300 plant varieties used by ancient Romans, the villa’s four gardens were conceived as authentic Landscape Type: settings for the display of antiquities. Institutional Grounds – Cultural The largest garden, the Outer Peristyle, is enclosed by a Doric and Corinthian-columned Designed By: peristyle. The garden's centerpiece is a 220-foot long, rectangular reflecting pool edged Emmet L. Wemple & Associates by concrete footpaths with low hedges, circular stone benches, and raised beds of Denis L. Kurutz boxwood, myrtle, ivy and roses. In the Herb Garden, a square basin filled with water Korn Randolph, Inc. lilies is surrounded by herb beds, fruit trees and an olive grove. The Inner Peristyle is an atrium garden that features replicas of Roman statuary and ivy topiary around a long, narrow reflecting pool. The enwalled East Garden, bordered by a clipped boxwood hedge, is shaded by mulberry and laurel trees and contains two sculptural fountains. Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo by Charles Birnbaum

52 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 53 Santa Monica Santa Monica

Ocean Park Neighborhood Beach (Inkwell Beach) The ‘Colored Use’ beach section is called out on this 1947 shoreline map. Photo courtesy City of Santa Monica, Los In the early 1900s a two-block area of Pacific oceanfront upheld laws put in place from 1893 to 1923 that provided Angeles County Master Shoreline Plan map 1947, Division of Beaches and Parks, Department of Natural Resources / in Santa Monica, stretching from the western end of Pico equal access to any public beach in the state. Department of Engineering State of California. University of Southern California Library Special Collections. Boulevard to Bicknell Street, became a popular gathering By the mid-1920s exclusive beach clubs began to open place for African Americans and remained so through the near the foot of Pico Boulevard, pushing the Inkwell beach mid-twentieth century. The Anglo community denigrated the site south towards Bay and Bicknell Streets. At the same site by calling it the “Inkwell” in reference to the skin color time the Santa Monica Bay Protective League blocked of the beach goers, but the very people it was intended to the development efforts of a black impugn adopted the name as a badge investment group, the Ocean Frontage of pride. While the Inkwell beach site Syndicate led by Norman O. Houston is itself largely gone (a monument and Charles S. Darden, Esq., with marking the site was installed in 2008), plans to build a first-class resort with the story of the site and the people who beach access where Shutters Hotel used it is powerful. is located today. Pushed southward The beach was situated near the by exclusive clubs from which they Phillips Chapel Christian Methodist were restricted and simultaneously Episcopal (CME) Church, founded in denied their own club, the black 1905 as the first black church in Santa community’s presence continued at Monica, which also anchored an early the Ocean Park neighborhood beach African American settlement around as a comparatively safe haven from Verna Williams and Arthur Lewis at the Jim Crow era, 4th and Bay Streets. During the high African American beach in Santa Monica, California, 1924. discrimination and harassment. Los Angeles Public Library Online Collection. season, hundreds of African Americans As social and legal barriers began from throughout Southern California to crumble from 1948 to 1968, with the overturning of socialized, enjoyed the ocean breezes and swam at the restrictive real estate covenants and the prohibition of most Inkwell because they experienced less racial harassment forms of discrimination, sites of African American leisure than at other area beaches. activity began to fade away. No longer a segregated space California had laws as early as the 1890s about public today, the Inkwell beach site includes the California Wash art beach access for all citizens, but sometimes those laws installation and Crescent Bay Park. In 2008 the City of Santa were not acknowledged by whites. There were unfortunate Monica erected a monument at Bay Street and Oceanfront personal assaults on individual African Americans to inhibit Walk, officially recognized the historic significance of the their freedom at public beaches north and south of Santa area and the early African American community there, Monica. By 1927, as a result of legal challenges led by the including the first documented surfer of African and National Association of Colored People, the California Courts Mexican American descent, Nick Gabaldón (1927–1951).

54 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 55 Santa Monica Ocean Avenue Colorado and Ocean avenues Santa Monica Santa Monica Pier & Palisades Park Carousel Park

This 1.7-mile linear park on Ocean Avenue is set atop a coastal cliff with scenic views of the Beginning as two adjacent piers built in 1909 and 1916, the popular entertainment Pacific Ocean. In 1892 city founders Senator John P. Jones and Colonel Robert S. Baker venue faced demolition in 1973, exacerbated when the piers were partially washed donated the majority of the park's 26 acres to the city, while the Santa Monica Land and away by destructive storms a decade later. Between 1984 and 1987, architecture Water Company gave the remainder five years later. The park design evolved over the ensuing firm Moore Ruble Yudell worked on a waterfront redevelopment plan that replaced century and features signature palm allées, rows of Italian stone pine, eucalyptus, specimen the pier and created Carousel Park, located just east of the pier and named for Landscape Style: trees from New Zealand, a Craftsman-style pergola built c.1912, a circular rose garden from the antique carousel displayed at the pier’s entrance. Designed in concert with Landscape Style: Postmodernist Postmodernist 1950, and seating and walking trails. landscape architects Campbell & Campbell, the park features a stepped, octagonal entryway, an enlarged deck around the carousel, an amphitheater, and a pavilion. Landscape Type: In 1991, a master plan for the park was approved by the city, with landscape architecture Landscape Type: A 5,000-square-foot children’s playground occupies the southern edge of the Public Park – Neighborhood Park firm Sasaki Associates retained to redesign the park’s southern end. Working with POD, Public Park site, featuring a concrete ship and a dragon sculpted from river-washed granite Inc., they replaced the park's vegetation using drought-resistant plants, installed irrigation Waterfront Development Designed By: boulders. The pier itself includes Pacific Park, a family-oriented amusement park systems, repaired subsurface drainage, and introduced a new jogging path. Circulation was Sasaki Associates with a large Ferris wheel, the Santa Monica Pier Aquarium, numerous commercial also improved by realigning existing walkways. Between 1996 and 2000 as part of the South Designed By: POD, Inc. and entertainment venues, and a space dedicated to fishing at the end of the pier. Beach Improvements project, landscape architecture firm Wallace Roberts & Todd made Moore Ruble Yudell Wallace Roberts & Todd Ocean Park Beach, a 20-acre oceanfront park designed by Campbell & Campbell in Campbell & Campbell improvements to Inspiration Point, the northernmost portion of the park. In collaboration with Jody Pinto the 1980s, extends three miles to the south of the pier. It incorporates a palm-lined, artist Jody Pinto, they introduced new lighting and furniture, redesigned the existing path paved pedestrian walk and bicycle path, pavilions and concessions, a dog park, system, and extended the jogging path along Ocean Avenue, resurfacing it with decomposed volleyball and tennis courts, and picnic areas. granite flecked with mica. The designers updated the landscape using native, drought- tolerant shrubs and dense tree plantings for shade. The timbered pergola was restored and given a small plaza, while the nearby Rose Garden was redesigned with concentric paths. Photo courtesy of Santa M onica Conservancy Photo courtesy of Santa M onica Conservancy Photo by Charles Birnbaum Photo by R obin Carmichael Photo by R obin Carmichael Photo by R obin Carmichael

56 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 57 What’s Out There® Weekend

highlights the nation’s rich and diverse landscape heritage through a series of free interpretive tours led by expert guides. Hosted in different cities every year, What’s Out There Weekend brings to light the unique landscape legacy and local character of each city, defined by its publicly accessible parks, gardens, plazas, cemeteries, memorials, and neighborhoods. An extension of the What’s Out There database, What’s Out There Weekend provides people with new ways to experience first-hand the landscapes that they see every day but often overlook. To learn more about the sites in this guide, go online and find out about: • Individual sites • The site’s designer, type, and style • Link to the site’s primary website • Related articles or other materials on TCLF’s Web site

Van Atta Associates © 2013 The Cultural Landscape Foundation, all rights reserved. The marks "The Cultural Landscape Foundation", “Landslide", "Pioneers of Historic Resources Group American Landscape Design", and "What's Out There" are registered trademarks of The Cultural Landscape Foundation®. 58 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 59 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org