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City's Blackest Day ' at the Time, Just Four Days Rev

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City's Blackest Day ' at the Time, Just Four Days Rev s,'lAQujw_ ( ^^i^rt^**"**^^ ^~\ BOMB KILLS FOUR GIRLS City's blackest day ' At the time, just four days Rev. John H. Cross, pastor the church basement were Ware of Sandusky was shot Local and state police join­ after the brutal bomb blast of Sixteenth Street during killed immediately and 23 and killed by two young ed FBI agents in what law had killed four girls at Sun­ 1963, recalled , after the others in the church were white boys who drove by on enforcement officials describ­ day School, neither Birming­ deaths that since spring that injured. a motorscooter. ed as one of the most ham's shocked but embattled year, when the church be­ The explosion hurled massive investigations ever" \ whites nor its agonized and came a headquarters for chunks of concrete and twist­ THE INJURED included in America. angry blacks were prepared civil rights demonstrations, ed metal against nearby white people caught in the to accept the message. he had received a half-dozen buildings. The street and angry black aftermath — a In May 1964, the Saturday *But Dr. Martin Luther bomb threats. They always sidewalks were covered with honeymooning bride driving Evening Post reported that iQS»ijEacin£_^smaJl_ white- ^came ja_anJuionyrnous rnale_ -piaces-oLshatterecL-glass.i— . -•with her~husband throwgh-ih©- FBI '* officials eknew who: bombed the church but didn't coffins and thousands of voice. As ambulances screamed city, a young white boy hit have enough evidence ;. to emotional mourners at a to the scene, police roped off on the head with a brick. "We've searched the convict him. '" -. funeral service for three of church several times," Cross the area, holding back a' The night that followed the the victims, voiced a thought said. "We've called off night­ "Mister X," the magazine. that then, even for him, may time . meetings because we ' ' said, helped plan the bomb­ have been more comfort than felt it would just be too ing at a meeting in Birming-' real belief. dangerous to gather, even if ham two weeks before it only to pray." happened, was at the house * FINDING MEANING in "We haven't underestimat­ ". that day of death and v£ Che two men who planned ,the wanton murders, King ed the extremists. We've despair was a turning place, the the bomb two nights before said: known right along there were the blast, and his car was •' "(The girls' deaths) may people in this town capable point at which both black and white parked two blocks from the well serve as the redemptive of anything. Even this." citizens knew they must start the church on the Sunday morn­ Iforce that brings light to this ing of the bombing. 'dark city . (They) may ON SUNDAY, Sept. 8, torturous journey toward respect ;cause the white South to there were two warnings. and fairness." LAW ENFORCEMENT: .come to terms with its con­ "This church is going to be officials reacted for the most science." blown up," a telephoned part with "no comment." I Eight years later, King's voice said. In November 1964, the FBI, ^hope for history seems But on Sunday, Sept. 15, a ' * responding to charges that it ^prophetic. , chilly, gray morning, there crowd, of stunned, angry church bombing was one of hadn't done its best to find Sept. 15, 1963 was Birming- was no warning, no threat. Negroes. sporadic violence — rock- the bombers, issued a state- Jham's blackest day. When About 200 men, women and Negro Civil Defense work­ throwing, firebombing, crack­• ment saying that a "small iCynthia, Carol, Addie Mae children came to Sunday ers plead over loudspeakers: ling gunfire. group of Klansmen" were "and Denise died, so did a School at Sixteenth Street to "We are a nonviolent peo­ The days that followed believed to be responsible 'large part of the city's hope study a lesson titled "The ple." were ones of outrage, grief, but that there was insuffi­ 'and spirit. Love That Forgives." and pleas for peace — na­ cient evidence to make any »' But as King hoped, that Cynthia Wesley and Carol A CAR OF WHITES drove tionally and locally. arrests. ! day of death and despair was Robertson, both 14, were on near the church provocative­ Birmingham Mayor Albert At the same time, the FBI • '•a turning place, the point at the Youth Board of Ushers. ly displaying a Confederate Boutwell cried when he said the bombing investiga­ »which both black and white Addie Mae Collins, 14, and flag until police, insisted it be heard the news and expres­ tion "was prejudiced by / citizens knew they must start Denise McNair, 11, were to removed. sed his bewilderment: "I premature arrests made by "„ the torturous journey toward have sung in the youth choir, never could conceive that the Alabama Highway J respect and fairness. that day. Within a few hours two anyone existed with such Patrol. Consequently, it has * '},.• •:'.';•" • But the lesson was never Negro boys were shot to universal malice." not been possible to obtain % IN THE YEARS leading to finished, and the choir did death and three other per­ evidence or confessions to " the deaths at Sixteenth Street. not sing. sons were wounded. IN THE YEARS since the assure successful prosecu­ ', Baptist Church, bombings in Police said James Robin­ bombing, bridges have been tion." ''.''.' /•: J Birmingham had become SOMEONE HAD PUT 10 son, 16, was killed when they built across the chasm be­ •j frighteningly' familiar. From sticks of dynamite in a bomb hit him with shotgun fiw tween whites and blacks in Birmingham. * 1947 through 1963 there were 'under a stair at the side of after shooting at the feet of Downtown* East, i 41 blasts — none of them the church. The blast went young rock-throwing Negroep But one fact still rankles. ! until the church causing fatal- off, stopping the church in an attempt to quell None has ever been arrest­ l ities, none of the bombers clock at 10:22. disorders near the church. I ed and charged with the •; brought to trial. The four girls who were in T h i r t e en-year-old Virgp bombing. ? I J>~ "V? The WALES WINDOW ^ The Wales stained glass window is a gift to the *Q) Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, Birmingham, PIACE "$-— Ala., from the people of Wales. It replaced the STAMP — - window that was broken during the bombing. n v.A In an effort to express sympathy and concern, HERE the people of Wales raised funds and procured z the services of an artist who did the painting. n Go <=o - -t n POST CARD - > Address TO n 8 O j U> m m o SO y > >r— U oOi P oro <t> 89039 taragSKSSuSH HUSHSSEEIL;; BBlBIfflaDH Scxtee*tt£ Street SafitUt &U*ic& &ap+;sf CJ.V.rcU-e'UM.jQL- ^ ' ' Cj,A/rc; n THE WALES WINDOW FOR BIRMINGHAM On September 17, 1963, two days after the tragic bombing of this church, the Western Mail , a newspaper published in Cardiff, Wales, launched a fundraiser to receive donations in order to secure a stained glass window. The internationally acclaimed artist, Mr. John Petts, was asked to design the window. Upon visiting Birmingham in March, 1964, Mr. Petts returned to his studio-workshop with the intention of designing a window symbolizing the nine Beatitudes. In the background of the panoramic colors would be doves and the rainbow and "the city upon a hill, which cannot be hid." Mr . Petts spoke of a restlessness in his mind when contemplating the design of the window. In his words: "This designed seemed right; it had meaning; it was lonely to look at in terms of shape and colour. Why then was I irked and dissatisfied?" he queried. "Simply, I realized that it was not strong enough, it was a soft option, did not go directly to the heart of the matter; that, in its particular and poignant context, as a thing of beauty it was not enough," he concluded. A new, more powerful theme surfaced in his mind. Taking a sheet of paper into his hands, he sketched what was in his mind. Reading from a letter written to the Rev. John Cross, then pastor of Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, and the congregation, and dated May 28, 1965, Mr. Petts explained his artistic, yet spiritual, concept of the window in a letter dated 28 May 1965. A further word on the window. The great idea it seeks to express is the identification of Christ and Everyman. In the face of the huge world problem of intolerance, the denial of human rights, hatred, violence of man against man, colour-bars and segregation, the simple words of Christ stand out: 'You Do It to ME...!' The arrow and the bar of the Cross stands for the Spear in the Side, all violence and suffering. Surely the core of Christ's message is what each man does to his neighbour, and the answer to the question 'Who is my neighbour?' Perhaps you will be asked about the significance of the large hands of the figure in the window. They are emphasized in this way to express strongly the meaning of the crucified gesture of the wide figure. One hand is strong in protest, the other is wide in acceptance and love. The Rainbow, forming a nimbus,^is the Light of the Word, and the unity of all colours, and God's Promise and Covenant. The background colours of rich blues and purples symbolise suffering and hope. Blue, as you will know, traditionally stands for divine contemplation, love of divine works, piety, sincerity, loyalty, fidelity, faith, humility and expiation.
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