A Performance Test Design Method and Its Implementation Patterns for Multi-Services Systems
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Microprocessor
MICROPROCESSOR www.MPRonline.com THE REPORTINSIDER’S GUIDE TO MICROPROCESSOR HARDWARE EEMBC’S MULTIBENCH ARRIVES CPU Benchmarks: Not Just For ‘Benchmarketing’ Any More By Tom R. Halfhill {7/28/08-01} Imagine a world without measurements or statistical comparisons. Baseball fans wouldn’t fail to notice that a .300 hitter is better than a .100 hitter. But would they welcome a trade that sends the .300 hitter to Cleveland for three .100 hitters? System designers and software developers face similar quandaries when making trade-offs EEMBC’s role has evolved over the years, and Multi- with multicore processors. Even if a dual-core processor Bench is another step. Originally, EEMBC was conceived as an appears to be better than a single-core processor, how much independent entity that would create benchmark suites and better is it? Twice as good? Would a quad-core processor be certify the scores for accuracy, allowing vendors and customers four times better? Are more cores worth the additional cost, to make valid comparisons among embedded microproces- design complexity, power consumption, and programming sors. (See MPR 5/1/00-02, “EEMBC Releases First Bench- difficulty? marks.”) EEMBC still serves that role. But, as it turns out, most The Embedded Microprocessor Benchmark Consor- EEMBC members don’t openly publish their scores. Instead, tium (EEMBC) wants to help answer those questions. they disclose scores to prospective customers under an NDA or EEMBC’s MultiBench 1.0 is a new benchmark suite for use the benchmarks for internal testing and analysis. measuring the throughput of multiprocessor systems, Partly for this reason, MPR rarely cites EEMBC scores including those built with multicore processors. -
Automated Web Application Testing Using Search Based Software Engineering
Automated Web Application Testing Using Search Based Software Engineering Nadia Alshahwan and Mark Harman CREST Centre University College London London, UK fnadia.alshahwan.10,[email protected] Abstract—This paper introduces three related algorithms and [21]. However, of 399 research papers on SBST,1 only one a tool, SWAT, for automated web application testing using Search [20] mentions web application testing issues and none applies Based Software Testing (SBST). The algorithms significantly search based test data generation to automate web application enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of traditional search based techniques exploiting both static and dynamic analysis. The testing. combined approach yields a 54% increase in branch coverage and Popular web development languages such as PHP and a 30% reduction in test effort. Each improvement is separately Python have characteristics that pose a challenge when ap- evaluated in an empirical study on 6 real world web applications. plying search based techniques such as dynamic typing and identifying the input vector. Moreover, the unique and rich Index Terms—SBSE; Automated Test data generation; Web nature of a web application’s output can be exploited to aid applications the test generation process and potentially improve effective- ness and efficiency. This was the motivation for our work: We seek to develop a search based approach to automated I. INTRODUCTION web application testing that overcomes challenges and takes advantage of opportunities that web applications offer. The importance of automated web application testing de- rives from the increasing reliance on these systems for busi- In this paper we introduce an automated search based ness, social, organizational and governmental functions. -
Load Testing, Benchmarking, and Application Performance Management for the Web
Published in the 2002 Computer Measurement Group (CMG) Conference, Reno, NV, Dec. 2002. LOAD TESTING, BENCHMARKING, AND APPLICATION PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT FOR THE WEB Daniel A. Menascé Department of Computer Science and E-center of E-Business George Mason University Fairfax, VA 22030-4444 [email protected] Web-based applications are becoming mission-critical for many organizations and their performance has to be closely watched. This paper discusses three important activities in this context: load testing, benchmarking, and application performance management. Best practices for each of these activities are identified. The paper also explains how basic performance results can be used to increase the efficiency of load testing procedures. infrastructure depends on the traffic it expects to see 1. Introduction at its site. One needs to spend enough but no more than is required in the IT infrastructure. Besides, Web-based applications are becoming mission- resources need to be spent where they will generate critical to most private and governmental the most benefit. For example, one should not organizations. The ever-increasing number of upgrade the Web servers if most of the delay is in computers connected to the Internet and the fast the database server. So, in order to maximize the growing number of Web-enabled wireless devices ROI, one needs to know when and how to upgrade create incentives for companies to invest in Web- the IT infrastructure. In other words, not spending at based infrastructures and the associated personnel the right time and spending at the wrong place will to maintain them. By establishing a Web presence, a reduce the cost-benefit of the investment. -
Overview of the SPEC Benchmarks
9 Overview of the SPEC Benchmarks Kaivalya M. Dixit IBM Corporation “The reputation of current benchmarketing claims regarding system performance is on par with the promises made by politicians during elections.” Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) was founded in October, 1988, by Apollo, Hewlett-Packard,MIPS Computer Systems and SUN Microsystems in cooperation with E. E. Times. SPEC is a nonprofit consortium of 22 major computer vendors whose common goals are “to provide the industry with a realistic yardstick to measure the performance of advanced computer systems” and to educate consumers about the performance of vendors’ products. SPEC creates, maintains, distributes, and endorses a standardized set of application-oriented programs to be used as benchmarks. 489 490 CHAPTER 9 Overview of the SPEC Benchmarks 9.1 Historical Perspective Traditional benchmarks have failed to characterize the system performance of modern computer systems. Some of those benchmarks measure component-level performance, and some of the measurements are routinely published as system performance. Historically, vendors have characterized the performances of their systems in a variety of confusing metrics. In part, the confusion is due to a lack of credible performance information, agreement, and leadership among competing vendors. Many vendors characterize system performance in millions of instructions per second (MIPS) and millions of floating-point operations per second (MFLOPS). All instructions, however, are not equal. Since CISC machine instructions usually accomplish a lot more than those of RISC machines, comparing the instructions of a CISC machine and a RISC machine is similar to comparing Latin and Greek. 9.1.1 Simple CPU Benchmarks Truth in benchmarking is an oxymoron because vendors use benchmarks for marketing purposes. -
Web Gui Testing Checklist
Web Gui Testing Checklist Wes recrystallizing her quinone congruously, phytophagous and sulphonic. How imponderable is Schroeder when barbate whileand soft-footed Brewer gliff Zachery some incisure yakety-yak affluently. some chatoyancy? Fulgurating and battiest Nealson blossoms her amontillados refine Wbox aims to the field to be able to the automated support data, testing web gui checklist Planned testing techniques, including scripted testing, exploratory testing, and user experience testing. This gui content will the css or dynamic values? Test all input fields for special characters. For instance, create test data assist the maximum and minimum values in those data field. Assisted by timing testing is not tested to the order to achieve true black art relying on gui testing web checklist will best. The web hosting environments you start all web testing gui checklist can provide tests has had made. The gui testing procedures are the weak factors causing delays in agile here offering, gui testing web? At anytime without giving us a testing web gui checklist can also has on. How gui testing checklist for a gui testing web checklist to induce further eliminating redundant if there is transmitted without the below to use of jobs with. Monkey testing tool that an application or even perform testing web gui changes some test android scripts behind successful only allows an. Discusses the preceding css or if a sql injections through an application penetration testing on gui testing web? How much regression testing is enough? Fully automated attack simulations and highly automated fuzzing tests are appropriate here, and testers might also use domain testing to pursue intuitions. -
Opportunities and Open Problems for Static and Dynamic Program Analysis Mark Harman∗, Peter O’Hearn∗ ∗Facebook London and University College London, UK
1 From Start-ups to Scale-ups: Opportunities and Open Problems for Static and Dynamic Program Analysis Mark Harman∗, Peter O’Hearn∗ ∗Facebook London and University College London, UK Abstract—This paper1 describes some of the challenges and research questions that target the most productive intersection opportunities when deploying static and dynamic analysis at we have yet witnessed: that between exciting, intellectually scale, drawing on the authors’ experience with the Infer and challenging science, and real-world deployment impact. Sapienz Technologies at Facebook, each of which started life as a research-led start-up that was subsequently deployed at scale, Many industrialists have perhaps tended to regard it unlikely impacting billions of people worldwide. that much academic work will prove relevant to their most The paper identifies open problems that have yet to receive pressing industrial concerns. On the other hand, it is not significant attention from the scientific community, yet which uncommon for academic and scientific researchers to believe have potential for profound real world impact, formulating these that most of the problems faced by industrialists are either as research questions that, we believe, are ripe for exploration and that would make excellent topics for research projects. boring, tedious or scientifically uninteresting. This sociological phenomenon has led to a great deal of miscommunication between the academic and industrial sectors. I. INTRODUCTION We hope that we can make a small contribution by focusing on the intersection of challenging and interesting scientific How do we transition research on static and dynamic problems with pressing industrial deployment needs. Our aim analysis techniques from the testing and verification research is to move the debate beyond relatively unhelpful observations communities to industrial practice? Many have asked this we have typically encountered in, for example, conference question, and others related to it. -
Applying the Proactor Pattern to High-Performance Web Servers
APPLYING THE PROACTOR PATTERN TO HIGH-PERFORMANCE WEB SERVERS James Hu Irfan Pyarali Douglas C. Schmidt [email protected],edu [email protected] [email protected] Department of Computer Science, Washington University St. Louis, MO 63130, USA This paper is to appear at the 10th International Confer- 1 INTRODUCTION ence on Parallel and Distributed Computing and Systems, IASTED, Las Vegas, Nevada, October 28-31, 1998. Computing power and network bandwidth on the Internet has increased dramatically over the past decade. High- speed networks (such as ATM and Gigabit Ethernet) and high-performance I/O subsystems (such as RAID) are be- ABSTRACT coming ubiquitous. In this context, developing scalable Web servers that can exploit these innovations remains a Modern operating systems provide multiple concurrency key challenge for developers. Thus, it is increasingly im- mechanisms to develop high-performance Web servers. portant to alleviate common Web server bottlenecks, such Synchronous multi-threading is a popular mechanism for as inappropriate choice of concurrency and dispatching developing Web servers that must perform multiple oper- strategies, excessive filesystem access, and unnecessary ations simultaneously to meet their performance require- data copying. ments. In addition, an increasing number of operating sys- Our research vehicle for exploring the performance im- tems support asynchronous mechanisms that provide the pact of applying various Web server optimization tech- benefits of concurrency, while alleviating much of the per- niques is the JAWS Adaptive Web Server (JAWS) [1]. JAWS formance overhead of synchronous multi-threading. is both an adaptive Web server and a development frame- This paper provides two contributions to the study of work for Web servers that runs on multiple OS platforms high-performance Web servers. -
A Systematic Review on Regression Testing for Web-Based Applications
Journal of Software A Systematic Review on Regression Testing for Web-Based Applications Anis Zarrad* Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +966114948531; email: [email protected] Manuscript submitted December 12, 2014; accepted April 16, 2015. doi: 10.17706/jsw.10.8.971-990 Abstract: Web-based applications and their underlying parts are growing rapidly to offer services over the internet around the world. Web applications play critical roles in various areas such as community development, business, academic, sciences etc. Therefore their correctness and reliability become important factors with each succeeding release. Regression testing is an important means to ensure such factors for every new released version. Regression testing is a verification process to discover the impact of changes in other interconnected modules. With the goal of selecting an appropriate regression testing approach to respond adequately to any changes in Web applications, we conduct a complete systematic study of regression testing techniques in Web applications. Out of 64, we identified a total of 22 papers reporting experiments and case studies. We present a qualitative analysis for used tools, an overview of test case section techniques and empirical study evaluation for every selected work. No approaches were found clearly superior to other since results depend on many varying factors and the deployment environments. We identified the need of evidences where approaches are evaluated cost effective rather than technical description. Key words: Regressing testing, web-based application testing, empirical study, test set, software testing. 1. Introduction In today’s scenario, as the world became global and with the advent of internet technologies, Web-based applications become more effective manner for enterprises, and academic entities to produce business strategies and policies. -
Evaluation of AMD EPYC
Evaluation of AMD EPYC Chris Hollowell <[email protected]> HEPiX Fall 2018, PIC Spain What is EPYC? EPYC is a new line of x86_64 server CPUs from AMD based on their Zen microarchitecture Same microarchitecture used in their Ryzen desktop processors Released June 2017 First new high performance series of server CPUs offered by AMD since 2012 Last were Piledriver-based Opterons Steamroller Opteron products cancelled AMD had focused on low power server CPUs instead x86_64 Jaguar APUs ARM-based Opteron A CPUs Many vendors are now offering EPYC-based servers, including Dell, HP and Supermicro 2 How Does EPYC Differ From Skylake-SP? Intel’s Skylake-SP Xeon x86_64 server CPU line also released in 2017 Both Skylake-SP and EPYC CPU dies manufactured using 14 nm process Skylake-SP introduced AVX512 vector instruction support in Xeon AVX512 not available in EPYC HS06 official GCC compilation options exclude autovectorization Stock SL6/7 GCC doesn’t support AVX512 Support added in GCC 4.9+ Not heavily used (yet) in HEP/NP offline computing Both have models supporting 2666 MHz DDR4 memory Skylake-SP 6 memory channels per processor 3 TB (2-socket system, extended memory models) EPYC 8 memory channels per processor 4 TB (2-socket system) 3 How Does EPYC Differ From Skylake (Cont)? Some Skylake-SP processors include built in Omnipath networking, or FPGA coprocessors Not available in EPYC Both Skylake-SP and EPYC have SMT (HT) support 2 logical cores per physical core (absent in some Xeon Bronze models) Maximum core count (per socket) Skylake-SP – 28 physical / 56 logical (Xeon Platinum 8180M) EPYC – 32 physical / 64 logical (EPYC 7601) Maximum socket count Skylake-SP – 8 (Xeon Platinum) EPYC – 2 Processor Inteconnect Skylake-SP – UltraPath Interconnect (UPI) EYPC – Infinity Fabric (IF) PCIe lanes (2-socket system) Skylake-SP – 96 EPYC – 128 (some used by SoC functionality) Same number available in single socket configuration 4 EPYC: MCM/SoC Design EPYC utilizes an SoC design Many functions normally found in motherboard chipset on the CPU SATA controllers USB controllers etc. -
An Effective Dynamic Analysis for Detecting Generalized Deadlocks
An Effective Dynamic Analysis for Detecting Generalized Deadlocks Pallavi Joshi Mayur Naik Koushik Sen EECS, UC Berkeley, CA, USA Intel Labs Berkeley, CA, USA EECS, UC Berkeley, CA, USA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] David Gay Intel Labs Berkeley, CA, USA [email protected] ABSTRACT for a synchronization event that will never happen. Dead- We present an effective dynamic analysis for finding a broad locks are a common problem in real-world multi-threaded class of deadlocks, including the well-studied lock-only dead- programs. For instance, 6,500/198,000 (∼ 3%) of the bug locks as well as the less-studied, but no less widespread or reports in the bug database at http://bugs.sun.com for insidious, deadlocks involving condition variables. Our anal- Sun's Java products involve the keyword \deadlock" [11]. ysis consists of two stages. In the first stage, our analysis Moreover, deadlocks often occur non-deterministically, un- observes a multi-threaded program execution and generates der very specific thread schedules, making them harder to a simple multi-threaded program, called a trace program, detect and reproduce using conventional testing approaches. that only records operations observed during the execution Finally, extending existing multi-threaded programs or fix- that are deemed relevant to finding deadlocks. Such op- ing other concurrency bugs like races often involves intro- erations include lock acquire and release, wait and notify, ducing new synchronization, which, in turn, can introduce thread start and join, and change of values of user-identified new deadlocks. Therefore, deadlock detection tools are im- synchronization predicates associated with condition vari- portant for developing and testing multi-threaded programs. -
BOOM): an Industry- Competitive, Synthesizable, Parameterized RISC-V Processor
The Berkeley Out-of-Order Machine (BOOM): An Industry- Competitive, Synthesizable, Parameterized RISC-V Processor Christopher Celio David A. Patterson Krste Asanović Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California at Berkeley Technical Report No. UCB/EECS-2015-167 http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2015/EECS-2015-167.html June 13, 2015 Copyright © 2015, by the author(s). All rights reserved. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission. The Berkeley Out-of-Order Machine (BOOM): An Industry-Competitive, Synthesizable, Parameterized RISC-V Processor Christopher Celio, David Patterson, and Krste Asanovic´ University of California, Berkeley, California 94720–1770 [email protected] BOOM is a work-in-progress. Results shown are prelimi- nary and subject to change as of 2015 June. I$ L1 D$ (32k) L2 data 1. The Berkeley Out-of-Order Machine BOOM is a synthesizable, parameterized, superscalar out- exe of-order RISC-V core designed to serve as the prototypical baseline processor for future micro-architectural studies of uncore regfile out-of-order processors. Our goal is to provide a readable, issue open-source implementation for use in education, research, exe and industry. uncore BOOM is written in roughly 9,000 lines of the hardware L2 data (256k) construction language Chisel. -
Getting Started with Testcomplete 14 Desktop, Web, and Mobile Testing Tutorials 2
Getting Started with TestComplete 14 Desktop, Web, and Mobile Testing Tutorials 2 About the Tutorial With TestComplete, you can test applications of three major types: desktop, web and mobile: • Desktop applications - these applications are executed on desktop computers running the Windows operating system. • Web applications - these applications are executed in web browsers (including those web browsers that are embedded into desktop applications). • Mobile applications - these applications are executed on Android or iOS devices. This document is for novice users. It provides a brief overview of automated testing and of the product, and includes tutorials that explain how to create tests for major application types. After you read these tutorials, you will be able to create, modify and execute tests for desktop, web, and mobile applications. smartbear.com TestComplete by SmartBear Software Introducing Automated Testing and TestComplete 3 Table of Contents INTRODUCING AUTOMATED TESTING AND TESTCOMPLETE ..................................................... 5 Automated Testing ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Test Types....................................................................................................................................................... 5 TestComplete Projects and Project Items ....................................................................................................... 6 TestComplete User