Recycled Paper Markets, Part I: Mills Here, Markets Where?

Recycled Paper ,Markets, Part I: Mills Here, Markets Where?

. ometimes when you think you’ve directing federal agencies to buy printing reached the top of the mountain and writing paper with a minimum of yau’ve been climbing forever, you dis- 20% postconsumer content, many compa- S ‘ cover that you’ve not finished the climb, nies decided that the time was right. only reached a vantage point from which Over the next three years, at least ten , ’ to see how much more needs to be done. new hi&grade deinked pulp mills were This past year’s experience with the new built, with capacity to produce more than deinking mills suggests such a “reward.” . a minion tons of postconsumer pulp. While many recycled paper advocates Regrettably, they had the misfortune to believed that simply building new. deinking open at one of the most inopportune times mills would break the bottleneck of too lit- in the paper industry cycle, wh,&~wastepa- . tle high-grade deinked pulp and allow the per prices were high, virgin pulp prices printing and writing paper industry to were low, and many potential customers . expand its use of postconsumer materials, were cutting back on recycled paper many observers now say that too many because of high prices. were built at the same time. Indeed, two of “The woes that have befallen our mills the new mills have already closed, after are the same as for the paper industry as a being open only a matter of months. whole,” laments Randy Wolf, executive director of the Recycled Pulp & Paper NEWDEINKING MILLS STRUGGLING - Coalition (RPPC). Two of the new inde- For years recycled paper advocates pendent deinking mills have already shut hounded the paper industry, insisting that down, one in Massachusetts and the ojher the only thing holding back development in West Virginia. “The world paper and of printing and writing papers with post- pulp market, including virgin, is in a consumer content was the lack of state-of- depression,” he explains. “The cost of pulp the-art deinking mills. The market was is very low.” He doesn’t expect it to there, they argued, recycled paper was not rebound soon. .. a fad, and more buyers would specify recycled if the paper were more available at OPERATIONALISSUES more competitive prices. . Some of the problems, accdrding to In fact, many paper mills had been con- Wolf, are practical operational issues. The sidering investing in deinking for quite two closed pulp mills had quality problems some time. When President Clinton signed that were correctable, but the weak markets Executive Order 12873 in October 1993, continued on page 6

,5;. C...... ~...... ,...... rf counprarly 5oOpapers, over two dozen ‘.: What was truh disappointing, though, was to see how much the new The bad news is that 30papen lowered deinkedpulp milk are struggling, This became clear as we talked with market- and cover and script papers eliminating directors and experts at many rerycIedpaper milk to get a picture of toh9i the fideral Lkecutive Order was recycledpaper production and markets. The result of those talks is a two-part ose requirements. (See Greenline, &ne 1 am’&. Part I @. 1) examines the impact on the markets of the new deinking 14papm rdised it, mostly uncoatedpapm inmasing their previ milk that have come on-line over the past threeyeatr. Part II, in our next 10% postconswmer cmtent to 20% to meet the fiecutive Order. But issue inueitigates the changing reiponse of buyers and speciJiers, the cawesfor the good news is that there are 51 new papers to artd to the list, includ- price premiums on some recycledpapers and what buyers can do about it. ing IO TCF or PCFpapers and two that are wholly or partially tree- The bottom line - Keep speci$ing recycledpaper! pee. Thirty-sixpapers were discontinued. - Swan Kinsella C 0 NS E RVAT R E E’S

TABLEOF CONTENTS Letter From the Editor ...... 1 This year? Annual Guide covers nearly 500papers, over two dozen more than last year;. Our talks with marketing directors at recycledpaper mills revealed that the new deinking pulp mills are struggling and Consemtree’s Greenline consumer demand has weakened. Keep specifiing recycled Recycled Paper Markets, Part I: Mills Here, Markets Where?...... 1 ~ March 1997 Ten new high-grade deinkingpulp mills have opened in the past three years and two have already shut down. Volume SNumber 1 The problems stem from mill chemistries having a di$cult time cleaning postconsumer scrap, which is dirtier than it used to be, and low-cost virgin pulp undercutting deinkedpulp prices. But recycled appears to be Published by Conservatree institutionalized in some parts of the printing and writing paper industvy and mill experts are positive about the long-term&ture for recycledpaper. Executive Editor The “Best” List ...... 3 Alan Davis The most environmentally sound papers culledfiom nearly 500 high quality sheets. . Editor Definitions ...... 4 Susan Kinsella Clear, strong definitions are essential to be sure you get what you expert. The meaning of some terms have Paper Guide Research. reached general consensus, while other terms may mean different things to different people. Termsfor recycled Gerard Gl&on and chlorine-fieepaper are listed with recommended definitionsfillowed by explanations. contributors The Mobro Principles...... 7 Evadna S. Lynn More than 75 companies and organizations have endorsed the Mobro Princ$les, committing to buying recycledpaper meeting meanin& content requirementsfor at least 75% of their printing and writing paper Bob Schaeffer purchases. Includes a comparison of Mobro to the federal guidelines. Graphic Design Specifications: How To Encourage Competitive Recycled Paper Bids ...... 8 Andrea Soh How you describe the paper you want and how you structure bids and contracts can make the difference between buying recycledpaper or eliminating the opportunity. This issue is printed on recycled paper. Markets: Paper Prices Decreased In 1996 ...... 8 Outsia5 pages: Despite periodic attempts by producers to raise prices, the price trend was downward during the year. Domtar Sandpiper 70# Text, Meanwhile, supply rose, We expect prices to remain generally stable during the first ha4 with gradual but Lily of the Valley, modest gains in the second halfof 1777. containing How To Use the Guide to Environmentally Sound Paper ...... 9 lOOOJ0 postcansumer ’ Explanations of symbols and abbreviations in the Environmentally Sound Papers charts. fiber, PCF . Environmentally Sound Papers ...... 10 1009b@tdlU@Ed(Iba Over 500 environmentally sound papers by grade, with recycled content, bleaching process, tree-free status, .g)1oOWpodcorrUrIkr and technical information. Listings show Mobro ranking, relevant certifications, and Conservatreei recommendations.

Imia5 pages: Focus On Tree-Free Papers ...... 20 Wood-pulppaper has so overtaken our production systems in North America that we are having to rediscover Conservatree Four Seasons tree-free papermaking all over again. Some companies are reviving centuries-old traditions of making paper 70# Text, Cypress, from a wide variety ofplants and agricultural by-products to meet commercial uses in the US. Mt finish; containing 60% recycled fiber, Brand Name Index ...... 21 15% postconsumer Each paper listed by brand name, with reference to how to find them in the Guide. Mills and Phone Numbers ...... 23 Printed using low VOC inks. The best phone numbers to order swatchbooks and locate distributors. CyberPaper: Internet Web Sites for Environmentally Sound Papers ...... 24 A year ago, there were jGw sites of interest to environmentaily soundpaper buyers, although there was a lot ofpromise. Since then, some of those promises blossomed and others wilted. Check out the Internet sites listed here. CONSWATREE 10 Lombard Street, Suite 200 Checklist: More Than Three Dozen Ways To Buy San Francisco, CA 941 11 Environmentally Sound Paper When Prices Are High ...... 25 (415) 433-1000 There are dozens of ways to afford environmentally sound paper even when prices are high, from source reduction to changing specificationsmid taking advantage of the market. Q 1997 Commatree Buy Recycled Programs ...... Reprints only by express Buy Recycled programs range from national to regional to industry-specific, and from minor expectations written persmission of to specffir requirements. Each program has a unique impact on the market. Collectively, they intens& the Conservatree Paper Company. power of the message to manufdcturers to invest in recycledproductproduction.

2 Marcb1997 Annual Gurdp to Enwronmtntally Sound Paper March 1997 connnuedfrdm page 2 La Buy Recycled Programs At A Glance ...... 27 There are severalprograms to choose fim, with va yinggoah and commitments required. To be sure a paper meets specific Environmental Product Labeling ...... 28 standards, look for the following Theoretically, consumers have enormous power to make or break a product. In practice, however, consumer certifications, or labels. (Seepage 28 power b limited by the amount and credibility ofinfrmation and by the choices offered. the US., all the In discussion.) states now defir to the FTC environmental labeling guidelines, which me a virtually meaningless dejnition fr for “recycled content” that requires no postconsumer content. Green Printing ...... 29 A “Green Printer” in the 90s needs to consider a whole range of environmental issues, from postconsumer content to the solvents wed to clean equipment. Green Printers stock recycledpapers and use them as standard sheets, print 1 SCIIWWIC CLRTlFlCAllOM SYSIIMS I with low-VOC vegetable-based inks, use more benign production and clean-up processes, and recycle all their waste. Exploding the Myths ...... 30 Recycledpaper does not cause photocopierjams. ... Uncoatedpaper is still more environmentally sound than Groundwood copier and computerpaper gives mixed environmental benefits - high reqcled content and resource efficiency but dtffculty in recycling.. .. There is no “test”youcan do to make sure a paper is reqcleed, short of hiring a cert$cation company or using a Guide such as Conservatree?.. ..All unbleachedpapersare TCF or PCE but not all TCF and PCFpapers are unbleached.. .. 2cid-jee” has nothing to do with whether the paper Canadian Ecologo is recycled or chlorine-jee. Source Reduction: Preventing Waste From the Start ...... 3 1 Preventing wastefiom ever happening is an even higher environmentalgoal than recycling the waste that is le$ ovex Buyers have been largely overlooked as key players in the effort to reduce waste. One effective way to 60% total recycled flber redwe waste is to use two-way envelopes. 30% postconsumer flber

The History of the World According to Conservatree...... 32 Mobro Symbol The first paper nearly 2000 years ago was a recycled sheet made from rags, oldfishing nets, hemp and china grass. Even though mostpaper was recycled down through the centuries, it has had to be re-invented in the US. in the past two &cads. Toby the US. recycledprinting and writing market isgreatly advancedjiom where it started in 1976 - THE BEST RECYCLED reviewed over 1000 grades and/or brand names of printing and writing papers for this product uide. The listings beginning on p. 10 represent those that the manufacturer or primary distributor ertifies for their environmentai attributes and Conservatree considers to be environmentally preferable because they contain one or more of the following: 1) more than 50% total recycled fiber; 2) more than 10% postconsumer fiber; 3) totally chlorine free fiber; or 4) totally tree-free fiber. We indicate recommended brands within each product class. But some of these brands deserve special recognition for taking environmentally sound papers to a higher level. Herewith is our list: Coated Papers Biberist Renato #2 gloss & matte FSC Rekote 100 #5 coated stora Cylcus Print #3-5 matte Gallaher OTD Recycled Coated board (made from recycled telephone books) Opaque Arbokem Downtown Paper #3 Opaque (tree-free combined with postconsumer) Fraser Papers Halopaque Opaque (IOG% deinked fibers) Vision Paper Trailblazer Opaque (100% tree-free, TCF) Offset Hammermill Hammermill Unity Offset & Return Card (100% recycled newshagazine paper) Springhill Springhill Incentive 100 Offset & Return Card (100% recycled newslmagazine paper) stora Cyclus Offset Offset Bristol Domtar Fusion CovedBristol Bristol and Cover Copy Paper James River Eureka IOO! Copy Paper (I00% processed chlorinefree postconsumer) Rolland New Life Dual Purpose 100 Copy Paper (100% recycled, 75% postconsumer, PCF) Text & Cover, Script (100% postconsumer) Text & Cover, Script (major mill with tree-free) Fox Riverhpsan Quest Text & Cover, Script (I00% postconsumer) Fraser Papers Genesis 100% PostConsumer Text & Cover, Script (100% postconsumer) Gallaher Directory Plus Script (100% recycled, made from old telephone books) Green Field Color Grown Text & Cover, Script (100% organic cotton fabric & ag waste) Mohawk Options Colors Text & Cover (100% postconsumer) Monadnock Revue PC 100 Text & Cover (100% postconsumer) Neenah Environment (2 colors) Text & Cover (major mill with tree-free and postconsumer) preconsumer materials. Other Gallaher OTD Reclcied . Tablet, Forms Bond, Envelope

0 Conservatree C;rc.mline . 3 Recycled Content Definitions

‘ lear, strong definitions are essential to be sure you get what 3. End Product: An item having completed the manufacturing or you expect. Define the terms you use in bids and contracts convertingprocess and distributed or sold to a consumer (4)for other ’Cand in phone quotes. than resale or manufacture of other goods. You also need to know what others mean by the terms they use. 4. Consumer: Any person, government agency or other entity which If you’re not sure, ask them to give you examples of materials that uses goodsfor its own needs, and not for resale or for manufacture of qualih under their definitions. Distributors may not know the other goods. specific types of recycled content in a paper or may be under mis- 5. Recovered Material: Paper materials, excluding mill broke (G), conceptions themselves. To be certain, go to the manufacturer and, that have been separated, diverted, or removedfiom the solid waste if necessary, have specifics written on company letterhead. stream for the purpose of use, reuse or recycling. The meanings of some terms, such as postconsumer, have become “Recovered material” is a slippery term. It refers to the universe of generally agreed upon even when not everyone agrees to use them. materials considered to be recycled content. But the scope of that Other concepts, such as recovered material, may mean different universe depends on who writes the definition. EPA defines it to . things to different people. They may sometimes include materials include all materials produced after the initial papermaking process. you did not intend. This definition includes potentially huge amounts of scraps that may Beware of “phony” recycled definitions. Industry has heavily influ- never have left the mill. Other bodies define recovered to mean only enced the ASTM and International Standardization Organization waste materials produced afer the paper has left the mill. (ISO) processes, resulting in proposed definitions that undermine postconsumer content. We urge you to use only definitions that 6. Mill Broke: Any paper or paperboard scrap generated in a mill include strong postconsumer fiber content requirements. prior to completion of the manufacturingprocess (8) which is unsuit- Following are discussions of some of the definitions- used with able for subsequent applications but can be re-used in the paper manu- recycled paper. The definitions we recommend are in italics. facturing process. Numbers in parentheses refer to other defined terms. Mill broke is not counted as recycled or recovered material. 1 . Recycled Paper: A paper product containing those percentages of Originally, “mill broke” referred to all the wap in a mill. postconsumer material (2) and/or recycledfiber (12) categories Economic viability ensured that mills reused it in making new required by specijications and so labelled. paper: But EPA defines mill broke as being only that portion of Currently, there is no agreement on what the term “recycled scraps produced in the initial paper manufacturing process (see 8). paper” means, beyond the fact that it contains recoveted fiber The amount of paper scrap in a mill that counts towards recycled (which may be preconsumer and/or postconsumer). You should content percentages can be quite large, particularly if the mill also establish strong postconsumer standards in your specifications and sheets its paper. ensure that suppliers meet those standards. You must also question 7. hip Substirutes: Fiber deriuedfiom recovered material (5), . what others mean by “recycled paper” unless the postconsumer excluding mill converting scraps (IO), which ha,c not been printed and content is clearly labeled. does not contain inks, coatings, adhesives, or dyes (excluding whitening 2. Postconsumer Material: Those endproducts (3) generated by con- or blueing dyes, or agents). ’ sumen (4) that have been separated or divertedfioom the solid waste stream. Examples: envelope cuttings, tabulating cards, and other types of The critical words here are endproducts and consumers. Products, post-mill converting wastes. scraps and materials still in the production or value-added process 8. Paper Manufacturing Process: An operation which begins with the do not quali+. Examples that do qualify include office wastepaper, pulping ofjbrous and non-jibrous raw materiak and enai afer thejrst junkmail and magazines from people’s homes, undeliverable mail slitterlwinder with the cutting and trimming of the reel into smaller rolls. at the Postal Service’s dead-letter office, office wastepaper, and continued on page 5 shipping packaging from delivered products.

FIBER TYPE

I I I CAI ID~EI EnQccr. I MIII. I MI1 I . Aftw rnmnlc=tinn nf Piner I C C INVL-K I tK!dVKIN I tKS’ I LUN>UI”ltK>: I r)V”,\kL I VI.L*I. I IILL. . ..-_., ...-. -“...v .-_.-..-. . ..r-. - - . . _.. _.._ __ Hayest Production ManufacturingProcess, excluding Resellers HomelBusiness Mill Broke connnuedfiom page 4 In an operation A) in which thefinished product is sheeted direct4 ofthe Chlorine-Free Paper Terms machine, the production of rough sheets comtitutes the end of the process; lthough Conservatree and other organizations urged the B) which involves supercalendering, the endof the process is at the FTC to define “chlorine-free’’ in its labeling guidelines, it slitter/winderfollowing the supercalender; and c) which involves OF A declined to do so in its October 1996 revisions. However, machine coating, the process end at the slitter/winder following the coater it did clarify that products bleached with a process such as a chlo- or the supercalenah associated with the coatm rine compound (e.g. chlorine dioxide) that releases into the envi- 9. Preconsumer Mattrials: Recovered materials (5) other than post- ronment a significant, even though reduced, amount of the harm- consumer material (’). ful byproducts associated with chlorine bleaching cannot be labeled Preconsumer materials have not met their intended end-use by a “chlorine-free.” The FTC recognized that such a claim is likely to consumer, and include allowable waste left over from manufactur- be interpreted by consumers to mean that the product’s manufac- ing, converting and printing processes. Examples: mill converting ture causes none of the environmental risks associated with chlo- scraps, preconsumer deinking material, pulp substitutes. rine bleaching. However, it did allow in such a situation a labeling claim that the product “substantially reduces” the harm associated 10. Mill Converting Scraps: Anypaper generated in apaper mill with chlorine bleaching. af2er completion of the paper manufacturing process (8), excluding mill broke, which is unsuitable for subsequent applications but can be re- We recommend that you skip all the qualifications and just buy paper that is truly chlorine-free. Following are the terms tliat used in the paper manuficturingprocess. Example: scraps left over from sheeting operations in a mill. we approve: I 1. Deinking Fiber: Fiber derivedfiom recovered material (5), excluding mill converting scraps (I 0), which has been printed and/or contains inks, coatings, adhesives, or dyes (excluding whitening or blueing dyes or agents). There is both preconsumer and postconsumer deinking fiber. Examples of preconsumer: printing scraps and unsold (“over issue”) magazines. 12. Recycled Fiber: Fiber derivedfiom recovered material (5) which . is included in the fiber finish of an endproduct (3): 13. Forest Residues: Fibrous by-products of harvesting, manufacturing, extractive, or woodcutting processes. Examples: chips, stumps, branches and sawdust. Although White House Executive Order 12873 requires 20% postconsumer content for federal paper purchases’, EPA and the Federal Executive allaw two mills in Maine and Washington State to qualify their papers by including 50% sawdust instead of postconsumer content. Don’t make the same mistake. 14. Renewable: A term proposed by the paper industry for virgin paper made from “renewable resources’’ such as managed tree plan- tations. Does not ensure environmentally sound paper. 15. Source Reduction: Aproduct orprocess that results in a net reduction in the generation of waste compared to the previous or com- parable version, and includes durable, reusuble and remanufactured products; products with no, or reduced, toxic constituents; and products marketed with no, or reduced, packaging. 16. Wastepaper: An EPA term, including both preconsumer and postconsumer materials, introduced in the original 1988 recycled paper guidelines. Its use in standards allowed papers with no postconsumer content, even made with mill scraps only, to be called “recycled.” EPA eliminated standards using wastepaper percentages in its May 1996 revised paper guidelines, but retained the term as the underlying basis for its definition of “recovered fiber.”

0 Conservatree Greenline 5 Recycled Paper contznuedfron page I RPPC’s Wolf lists all the different types VIRGIN FdWLP LdNDE7RCWTTlNG D€INKED made it a poor bet to make the investments of adhesives that might be on one window Still, Joe Ferguson, president of needed to fur them. Virtually all ofthe new envelope. “There’s the glue that’s on the Gallaher Paper Company, points out that deinking mills have been reporting prob- flap you lick, the glue holding the plastic virgin pulp today is selling at or below the lems with running the lower-grade “sorted window in place, and the adhesive holding level needed by the new deinking mills to ofice pack” (SOP) wastepaper they were the envelope together. Then you’re likely break even, let alone make a profit. “In built to use, throwing off their economics to have an adhesive return address label, the past, virgin pulp has gone as high as by requiring them to buy more expensive pressure-sensitive postage stamp, and $950/ton,” he says. “Then recycled pulp is‘ higher-grade wastepaper instead. probably a bar-code now, too, put on by a bargain.” But not now, when foreign Even Boise Cascade’s new Alabama the post office.” And each of these may mills can ship in virgin pulp for cheaper deinking plant is using preconsumer scrap use a different type of adhesive. than the deinked pulp. because it has yet to work out the kinks in The key to survivd of the new deinking “Pulp expansions are international,” producing paper acceptable to customers mills, says Wolf, is malung deinked pulp reminds Boise Cascade’s Plummer. “While when using postconsumer. The poor pulp that is the equivalent of virgin pulp. Mill recycled pulp mills were being built here, and paper markets make the decision to buyers have to be able to switch to whatever several large virgin pulp mills were being invest in more cleaning and upgrades, pulp is available and cost-effective. The built in other countries, producing very which would then allow the mill to use low-cost virgin pulp. A ton of virgin euca- postconsumer, a more difficult economic ...... lyptus pulp is a lot cheaper from Brazil decision. “The only people who did well than a ton of deinked pulp here.” in this spate of new deinking plants were Most of those interviewed agreed that the construction and engineering compa- “The new deinked pulp too many U.S. deinking mills went on-line nies,” says Boise Cascade’s Terry Plummer, mills have been struggling at once, resulting in a total operating .vice president of sales and marketing. capacity hovering around 60%, far too low How could new, state-of-the-art deink- with crappy wastepaper, for profitability. But Union Camp’s ing plants have trouble running postcon- Plomgren looks at the situation philosophi- sumer paper? RPPC’s Randy Wolf believes trying to get it to work with cally Each piece of the complex puzzle to that the mills’ designers did not adequate- new equipment and new build a fully-functioning recycled paper sys- ly consult with wastepaper packers to tem affects all the others, requiring con- establish whether the specific sort they designs, while at the same stant reworking and fine-tuning. “You have needed would be available over the long to look at the whole system as a chain. We term, particularly with so many mills time tbere men ‘t orders do as well as the weakest link in the chain. being built at once. In the meantime, the waitingfor them at The weak link in 1995 was getting clean, wastepaper got dirtier as collection con- good wastepaper to the mill at a reasonable tracts moved from wastepaper dealers to the back end because the price. Prior to that, it was deinking capaci- garbage hauling companies. Still, the mill ty.” Now, he recommends, we must designers thought they could make the market; so quiet.” strengthen demand for recycled in the link deinking systems work with “lightly sort- ...... between the mills and consumers, particu- edpacks. Instead, he says, “They’ve been larly the intermediaries such as printers, struggling with crappy wastepaper, trying distributors, and converters. to get it to work with new equipment and deinking mills need to be seen as providing a STILL POSITWE ABOWTTHE FUTURE new designs, while at the same time there desirable pulp product for all uses, not sim- But despite the start-up problems, all aren’t orders waiting for them at the back ply to meet recycled content mandates. the mill experts were positive about the end because the marker’s so quiet.” That’s not unreasonable, according to future of recycled paper. Recycled fiber is Jack Plomgren, marketing manager for George Milner, vice president of environ- now institutionalized in some parts of the Union Camp’s fine papers division, lays mental affairs for Mohawk Paper. “We market. According to John Morrison,‘vice the blame more specifically on “stickies.” had more problems with preconsumer president of marketing at Potlatch, virtual- Although Union Camp’s deinking mill is pulp than with postconsumer,” he reports, - ly all #2 coated papers now have some running postconsumer wastepaper, most adding that Mohawk has been buying recycled content. “From a manufacturing of it is ledger, a higher, cleaner, costlier highly processed postconsumer pulp that standpoint, while it’s more costly to buy grade than intended. “The use of pressure- is better quality than pulp substitutes, the postconsumer, it costs too much to have sensitive labels is more prevalent now than clean, unprinted preconsumer scraps two lines (virgin and recycled),” he says, anybody imagined when they were design- which are traditionally used as a lower cost especially when duplicate warehousing, ing the mills,” he explains. pulp in many virgin papers. connnued onpage 7

6 March 1997 Annual Guide to Environmentally Sound Paper The Mobro Principles

cantrnuedfiom puge 6 onservatreek Mobro Principles were inspired by the Mobro Barge, which broke into inventory and handling costs are added in. the national news ten years ago while wandering for weeks along the East Coast try- “Most new text and cover papers have ing to dump its load of New York trash. At the time, the Mobro was seen as the recycled content,” says Jay Morris, new wake-up call for a nation gone berserk on throwaway everything. Later, William Rathje product development manager for Neenah and Cullen Murphy declared that the barge was not “some last-ditch attempt by a desperate Paper. Katie Cutler, senior vice president community” to dump its garbage. Rather, it was an entrepreneur’s miscalculation about of corporate communications at Crown how he could make a fast buck. Vantage, agrees. “Just about every brand But whether the Mobro Barge was a symbol of a garbage crisis or a symbol of greed is no we make has postconsumer,” she says. longer relevant. What continues to be true is that most of the “trash” on that barge never “That’s because, much more we just take should have been there in the first place. Much of what Islip, Long Island and all U.S. it for granted now.” municipalities were throwing away was not trash but treasure-materials that could have Even those making commodity papers been, and should have been, reprocessed into new products. such as offset and copier, where recycled We’ve gotten smarter in the years since Mobro-partly thanks to its odyssey, misper- has a shakier foothold because of price ceived though it might have been. But we’re still not doing a good enough job of keeping premiums over virgin paper, see continued our paper and other materials off today’s hypothetical Mobro Barges or out of landfills. growth. “Our Great White (copy and . Fine paper today still only averages a miniscule percentage of postconsumer content overall. printer paper) has done exceedingly well,” It is still up to buyers and specifiers to drive’market development for recycled paper. says Union Cimp’s Plomgren. “It’s highly Joining together in that endeavor, more than 75 companies and organizations have welcomed by the consumer. The con- endorsed the Mobro Principles, committing to buying recycled paper meeting meaningful sumer continues to make the changeover content requirements for at least 75% of their printing and writing paper purchases.

to recycled.” However, while he believes A COMPARISON:MOBRO AND FEDERALGUIDELINES the demand for recycled paper will contin- Conservatree was successhl in having the federal government incorporate into the White House . ue to grow, he cautions, “It won’t grow Executive Order (and therefore the Federal Guidelines) many of the concepts embodied in smoothly. It will grow in cycles.” Conservatree’s Agenda 2000 and Mobro Principles for printing and writing. The Executive How are buyers reacting to the current ’ Order standards were incorporated into the revised EPA paper guidelines issued in May 1996. conditions in the recycled paper market? Content heh:The federal government’s current postconsumer (PC) content requirements for The premiums for some recycled papers, printing and writing paper parallel Mobro’s B levels, with the 1999 federal postconsumer con- on top of sky-high paper prices for all tent levels meeting Mobro’s A levels (except for coated papers). However, Mobro has higher total paper in 1995, seem to have weakened recycled fiber (TRF) content requirements in all cases. some purchasers’ resolve. Even though Incentives: Mobro recommends a 5% price preference for B-level papers (over C-level paper . price premiums are lower now than ever 10% for A-level papers. Insteaa of using a price preference, the federal govern- before, most mill representatives reported prices) and ment eTphasizes that the recycled levels are the minimums for decreased demand for recycled. all federal paper purchases. Purchasers should strive to exceed these levels if pricing is competitive. Why are there still price differentials for recycled papers compared to virgin? And Application: Because Mobro’s content standards are somewhat higher, it recommends that what reasons do marketing directors at the 75% of printing and writing purchases meet the minimum level, while the federal guide- mills see for the “quieter” markets? We’ll lines require 100% compliance. Mobro also recommends that one-third of the recycled reporx on that in our next issue. + paper purchases meet the A-levels. + C 0 N S E RVATRE E’S

Specifications: HOWTo Encourage Competitive Recycled Paper Bid

ow you describe the paper you want and how you structure BIDSTRUCTURE AND SPEClFlCArlONS bids and contracts can make the difference between buying + Allow line-item bids. Do not require “all or nothing” bids on recycled paper or eliminating the opportunity. There are multi-item contracts. many things you can do to encourage recycled paper bids. + Allow recycled paper vendors from a wide geographic area to compete instead of using local preferences in a small area. PRODIICT SPECIFICATIONS + Let recycled paper compete for the whole contract rather than Specify recycled-only. + including recycled as a supplemental bid only. + Use neutral specifications and state that recycled paper is preferred. + Simplify bids, break into components, rather than issuing + Explicitly state that “new” or “original” paper can contain complex bids with many different items. recycled content. + Offer a price preference for recycled. If you use “brand name” or “brand name or equal” specifica- + + Do not require vendors to price both recycled and virgin paper tions, include recycled brands. if they do not sell both. + Use functional rather than design specifications. + Consolidate deliveries. + Use consistent specifications that are also compatible with state and + Do not indicate unrealistic quantity or delivery projections for national standards to ensure competition, supply and the best price. recycled, and do not leave that information blank. Do not reject recycled paper in your specifications. + + Allow sufficient manufacturing or delivery lead-time. + Do not require “virgin” materials. . + Do not structure the bid to “work” for historic contract-holders. + Do not use specifications provided by virgin paper manufactur- + Update bidder lists to include recycled vendors. ers or by purchasing or standardization organizations that do ; not strongly support recycled paper. PURCHASINGREALITIES + Do not require aesthetic characteristics difficult for recycled + Require contractors and services (e.g. copying and printing, ofice paper to attain - unnecessarily low dirt counts, very high products) to use recycled paper for your work and purchases. brightness, high-bright colors. + Highlight your recycled paper purchase policy with all employ- + Use the same specifications for the same item within the same : ees who may buy paper and paper products, even if purchasing jurisdiction (especially in decentralized systems). is not their main responsibility (as in a decentralized system). If + When updating your specifications to encourage recycled paper, your employees have authority to buy individually up to a pre- be sure that all specs and supporting clauses are compatible scribed limit, this means educating everybody. within the same bid. (Sometimes old clauses and repeated speci- + At bidders’ meetings, emphasize your desire for recycled paper fications are overlooked, conflicting with the updates.) and outline any preferences for it. - Markets: PaDer Prices Decreased in 1996

rinting and writing paper prices in 1996 were encouraging for reaction to 1995’s high prices. By mid-year, coated free sheet buyers. As the year started, customers not only completed the demand strengthened, reflecting not only the completion of inven- massive inventory liquidation that started late in 1995 but also tory liquidation and the normal seasonal pickup, but also an lowered consumption in reaction to the unprecedented rise in paper apparent significant shift in demand from coated publication (#5 prices from late 1994 through mid-1995. Despite periodic attempts groundwood) grades to lighter-weight coated free sheet grades by producers to raise prices, the price trend was downward during (typically #4 and #3). For 1996 as ;I whole, coated paper consump- the year with December being the low point for 1996. tion was off about 11%, with coated groundwood papers off 17% The expected rebound in uncoated paper consumption was and coated free sheet usage off 4%, following an O.S%,slippage in weak, with demand rising less than 2% in 1996, following a 1% coated paper consumption for 1995. That demand weakness came drop in 1995. We believe that weakness reflected customer reaction while capacity rose 6.7% during 1995-96. The result was a 25- to the sharp 80-1 00% increase in prices between mid- 1994 and 30% drop in prices for most coated grades during the year; at year- end 1996, coated #5 had lost the premium price it commanded to mid-1995. Although prices fell during 1996, adjusted consump- - tion patterns apparently were not changed. Meanwhile, supply rose coated free sheet #3 papers during 1995 and most of 1996. 3.5% during the two years, with capacity for cut-size papers up as Looking ahead to 1997, new capacity is likely to keep markets much as 10% as producers shifted roll production to sheeted sloppy, even assuming a rebound in consumption as lower prices grades. By the end of 1996, prices for key uncoated paper grades . stimulate demand. The risk is that altered consumption patterns as were generally off about $250 per ton or 15%, although offset a result of the 1994-95 price spike may not change significantly, prices fell only $150 per ton or 18% from January 1996 levels. keeping demand growth below historic rates. Thus, we expect For coated paper, the first half of 1996 witnessed continuing prices to remain generally stable during the first half, with gradual inventory liquidation, compounded by changes in consumption in but modest gains in the second half of 1997. o

8 March 1997 Annual Guide to Environmentally Sound Paper March 1997 Conservatree’s Guide to Environmentally Sound Papers How To Use This Guide

J CONSERVATREE REC.: We have marked with * the better, J AF: Acid-free (meaning longer life). This is appropriate for and with ** the best, brands within a grade classification, along some books, hut hardly necessary for direct mail. with codes showing why the brands are superior. / BRI: Brightness (G.E. rating, given for white papers only) R = recycled content P = postconsumer content Do not overspecify -in general, higher recycled content papers C = chlorine-free T = tree-free and totally chlorine-free papers are somewhat less bright. We highly recommend that you use these grades whenever possible. / COLORS: W = white 0 = off-white/natural C = colors RECYCLEDPAPER: If your objective is to close the recycling loo , the most important issue is recycled fiber content, particularP y / FINISH: Check the finishes available. Instead of using coated postconsumer. paper, is an uncoated grade available with film coating (halfway J RANK: In Conservatree’s Mobro Principles recycled content between uncoated and matte coated), which enhances ink holdout? ranlung, A is highest, C is lowest within each grade classifica- V = vellum Sm = smooth Ant = antique tion. Brands are listed alphabetically by manufacturer. Egg = eggshell Lsr = Laser FC = film-coated A = 60 TRF/30 PC C = 20 TRFMO PC / AVAILABLE BASIS WEIGHTS: Is the grade produced in the B = 50 TRFMO PC weights you require? Here again, think environmental. Using the J RECYCLED CONTENT: Percentages are independent of each lowest possible basis weights will contribute to source reduction. other. Do not add TRF (Total Recycled Fiber = total of both Web BW = indicates basis weight availability. These products pre- and postconsumer fiber) and PC (Postconsumer Fiber). are deemed to be regularly manufactured and available. Remember: If You %e Not Buying Recycled Paper, You ‘re Not Recycling Stock Sheets = indicates basis weights of sheets stocked by CHLORINE-FREEPAPER We have indicated chlorine-free apers. the mill. May not apply to all colors in grade line. Top of the line, environmentally, is PCF, which inch8 es both C = Cover D = Duplex or double thick postconsumer content processed without chlorine or chlorinated R = Reply card S = script grade available compounds, and totally chlorine-free virgin pulp. Virgin papers Basis weights are based on basis sizes as follows: may be totally chlorine-free (TCF). We have not listed ECF rocessed with chlorinated compounds instead of elemental Bond, Safety, Ledger, Envelope, Tablet - 17x22 c‘R lorine) papers that contain no recycled content because we do Book and Reply Card - 25x38 Cover - 20x26 not believe them to be sufficiently environmentally preferable. Index - 25.5x30.5 Bristol - 22.5x28.5 Tag - 24x36 J CHLORINE:. We have indicated whether processed with ill information is based upon written certification from the respec- chlorine. See article, page 5. lve paper manufacturers. (All known U.S. manufacturers and ECF = elementally chlorine-free, produced without elemental 11 imported recycled paper manufacturers were asked to certify chlorine but with chlorine derivatives ieir grades.) While we strive to make this chart accurate, we can- PCF = processed chlorine-free, contains TCF pulp and ot guarantee its completeness or accuracy. We would appreciate recycled content produced without elemental earing from readers about any omissions or errors. + chlorine or chlorine derivatives -96 PCF = contains recycled content produced witliuut elemental chlorine or chlorine derivatives as well USE ONLY PAPERS LISTEDIN THISGUIDE as virgin pulp that is not TCF Conservatree’s guide lists every printing and writing paper TCF = totally chlorine-free available at the time of publication that is environmentally TREE-FREEPAPER Look for the special article on page 17. preferable as certified by the manufacturer or primary J TU: A “TF” in this column indicates that the non-recycled distributor. The absence of a brand on our list is for one fiber is tree-free. of twe reasons. Some mi!ls ( e.g. Westvaco, Strathmore) are unwilling tc certif;r the envirmmeatal attributes of their OTHERHELPFUL INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THIS GUIDE: grades. Some grades, although certified, are not environmen- J MILL: (D) indicates a distributor (not manufacturer) tally preferable (e.g. ECF without any recycled content). J BRAND NAME: (I) indicates an imported grade If Greenline members have questions about a particular An italicized number aJtw the Brand Name indicates % cotton jbn paper brand, please call us at 415-433-1000 ext. 23. J RECYCLED CERT: Recycled content has been certified by Virtually every printing and writing paper need can be one of the following organizations: effectively met by an environmentally preferable paper EL = Canadian EcoLogo NY = New York State Emblem listed in this guide. GS = Green Seal SCS = Scientific Certification Systems

0 Conservatree Greenline 9 CONSERVATREE'S ANNUAL GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PAPERS. 1997 RECYCLED, CHLORINE-FREE AND/OR TREE-FREE PRINTING & WRlTING PAPERS

RECYCLED CONTENT by Fiber AVAILABLE BASIS WEIGHTS CONSERVATREE CHLOR Weight REC. RANK BRAND NAME -INE TRF BRI COLORS FlNlSH WEB 0W STOCK SHEETS 17- Biberist Largo (I) TCF 0 0 AF 95 W Gloss,Silk 90-1 15;C95-110 90-1 15; C95-110 Papertech (0) Phoenix Imperial (I) TCF 0 0 AF 93 WiO Gloss, Dull 100; C75-150 Papertech (D) Phoeno Grand (I) TCF 0 0 AF 91 W Gloss, Dull 80-100; ce0-100 S.D Warren Strobe Dull ____10 10 AF 92 W Dull 80,100;c80,100 80,100;c80,100 S D Warren Strobe Gloss ____10 10 AF 92 W Gloss 80,100;c80,100 80,100;c80,100 *RC 8 U K. Paper Consort Royal Osprey (I) PCF 50 W AF 90 WIO Gloss,Dull 100-110 100-11 0;c80-100 Zanders lkono Dull Satin Cream (I) TCF 50 0 0 Dull 90-115; C92.5-111 *RC B Zanders lkono Dull Satin (I) PCF 50 W 96 W Dull 80-1 15;C80-111 *RC B Zanders lkono Gloss (I) PCF 50 W 96 W Gloss 80-1 15; C80,lll ! 1.1 #1 Coated I Bibertst Allegro (I) PCF 50 10 AF 90 W Gloss, Silk 80-100; CEO-1 00 80-1 00; ce0-100

Consolidated Centura I___10 10 AF 87.5 W Gloss, Dull 70-100; CEO 70-100; C80-120 Mead sig-Nature R ~__10 10 90 W Gloss, Satin 70-100; CEO-100 70-100; C80-100 Papertech (D) Chrome Ultra (I) ECF 50 15 90 W Gloss 80-100; C80-92.5 Papertech (D) Magno Dull (I) TCF 0 0 AF 89 W Dull 70-100; CEO-100 Papertech (D) Magno Star (I) TCF 0 0 AF 89 W Gloss 70-100; CEO-100 B Papertech (D) PhoenoStar (I) ECF 50 W 89 W Gloss, Dull 70-100; CEO-100 70-100; C80-100 Potlatch Quintessence Remarque ECF 10 10 AF 86 W Gloss, Velvet 80-100,CEO 80-100, C80-100 Potlatch Vintage Remarque ECF 10 10 AF 87 W Gloss, Velvet 80-100; C80 80-100; CEO-100 Potlatch Vintage Velvet Creme ECF 10 10. AF 68 W Velvet 80-100 80-1 00, C80-100 Repap Excellence ____50 10 AF 86 W Gloss, Dull 70-100; CEO-1 00 70-100, C60,80,100 S D. Warren Lustro Dull Cream Recycled ____50 10 AF 78 0 Dull 80,100 80,l 00; CEO-120 S.D Warren Lustro Dull Recycled __-50 10 AF 88 W Dull 89 80,100; CEO-120 S.D Warren Lustro Gloss Recycled __~50 10 AF 89 W Gloss 80-100; CEO 70-100; CEO-120 Stora N.America G-Print (I) TCF 0 0 88 W 97-101 97-1 15;C65-100 Stora N.America Multiart (I) TCF 0 0 88 W 68-100; C80,lOO 68-1 OO;CE0-100

"RC B U K. Paper Gleneagle Osprey (I) PCF . 50 W AF 88 WIO Gloss, Dull 80-100; CEO 80-100; C60-120 11.2 __#aCm C Appleton Papers UtopiaTwo ____P W AF 84 WiO Gloss, Dull 60-100; C60-EO 60-100; C60-100 'WPC B Btberist Renato (I) PCF la0 25 AF 83 W Gloss 54-100; C75-110 54-100; C75-110 Champinn Landscape ____1O ?O AF 84 W 60-100 60-100 Consolidated Productolith ____10 10 AF 84 W Gloss 60-100; C60-100 60-100; C60-100 "RP B Island Resolve Gloss ____50 W AF 85 W Gloss 60-100 60-100 Mead Mead Web Recycled ____10 10 AF 85 W Gloss, Dull 60-100 Papertech (D) Crescent (I) ECF 50 15 88 W Gloss, Satin 60-100; CEO-100 60-100; CEO-100 Papertech (D) Magno Print (I) TCF 0 0 AF 89 W Gloss 70-100; CEO-100 70-100; C80-100 Potlatch Northwest ECF 10 70 AF 84 W Gloss, Dull 60-100, C60- EO 60-100, C60-100 "RP B Repap Lithofect _____50 DAF84 W Gloss, Dull 60-100~C60,80,100 Repap Lithoweb ~__50 10 AF 84 W Gloss, Dull 60-100; C60,80, 100 S.D. Warren Warren Dull _____10 10 AF 85 W Dull 70-100; CEO 70-100; CEO S D Warren Warren Gloss __-10 10 AF 85 w Gloss 60-100; C60,EO 60-100; C80-100 S D. Warren Warrenflo Recycled _____IO io AF 85 W Gloss 90,1OO;C7-10pt 90-100; C7-10pt Simpson EverGreen Dull -__75 15 a9 W Dull 70,ao; CEO 70-60, C8O Simpson EverGreen Gloss ~__15 15 88 W Gloss 70-100; C80 70-100; CEO p3-mO-J C Appleton Papers Utopia Three AF 82 W Gloss 60-100; CEO __W ~ W Champion Influence Recycled -__10 10 AF 83 W 45-80 45-80 Consolidated Consolrth 10 10 AF 82 W Gloss 70-100; CEO Consolidated Fortune ~__10 10 AF 82 W Gloss 60-100: CEO-100 60-100; CEO-100 Consolidated Orion ____10 10 AF 82 W Gloss, Suede 40-100

10 March 1997 Annual tiuidt to Environment& ,SoundPawr CONSERVATREE'S ANNUAL GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PAPERS, 1997 RECYCLED, CHLORINE-FREE AND/OR TREE-FREE PRINTING & WRITING PAPERS

RECYCLEDCONTENT ONSFRVATREE RECYC. CHLOR byWeight Fiber AYAILABLE- NY w BRAND NAME CERT L9E & AE BRI COLORS FINISH WEBEW STOCK SHEETS Mead Northcote Recycled __~10 10 AF 83 W Gloss, Velvet 6100 Mead Vision ____10 10 AF 83 W Gloss, Velvet 45-80 Papertech (D) Hanno'Art (I) TCF 0 0 AF 88 W Gloss 60-100; CEO 60-100; CEO 3P B Repap Multifect _____50 W AF 82 W Gloss, Dull 60-100

Repap Multiweb ~ 50 __10 AF 82 W Gloss, Dull 45-100 S.D. Warren Somerset Recycled Gloss -_10 __ 10 AF 83 W Gloss 43-60 60-100; CEO Simpson Silverado Gloss 84 ___I_15 15 W Gloss 60-100; C65,80 60-100; C65,80 4#4 coated Champion SunWeb 75 Recycled ____10 10 75 W Gloss 45 -70 Champion SunWeb 78 Recycled _____10 10 78 W Gloss 45 -70 ' C Consolidated Aries ~__3333 76 W Gloss, Suede 40-60 ' C Consolidated Taurus --3333 __ 74 w Gloss, Suede 40-60 Crown Vantage Echo __-10 __10 79 W 45-70 €0 Eddy Schooner Gloss ____10 10 AF 78 W Gloss 38-60 Mead Dependoweb Recycled ____10 10 79 W Gloss 38-80 Mead Escanaba Enamel Recycled ____10 10 AF 80 W Gloss 45-60 Repap Spirit Hi-Brite _____50 10 AF 80 W Gloss, Dull 45-70 '- #5 Coated Champion Textweb Recycled 10 70 ___I10 W Gloss 45 -70 Consolidated Niagara ____10 10 71 W Gloss, Suede 40-60 Fraser Papers Fracote Recycled ____10 0 70 W Offset, Gravure 26-45 'C A FSCPaper Rekote 100 PCF la0 la0 AF 70 w suede 35-50 Repap Pub Recycled ____10 10 AF 72 W Gloss 38-70 Weyerhaeuser Choctaw 10 Recycled Gloss -__10 10 71 W Gloss 38-50 -~- Coated Boa-

Champion Kromekote CIS & C2S Cover ____50 10 89 W Cast Coated 8-12 pt. Crown Vantage King James RetreeveCoat _____50 10 WIC Cast Coated 10 pt. Crown Vantage King JamesTerraCoat 50 WIC Cast Coated 10 pt. ~~ 10 C Domtar Cornwall Coated Cvr CIS ,C2S ECF W P AF 84 W Sm 8-12 pt. 8-12 pt. 'C A Gallaher Paper OTD Recycled PCF 1tW 1tW AF 65 W Matte,Sm 60-120 60-120 B Specialty Montana ____50P WIC Coated, Embd 11 pt. 1CQ B Specialty Norval ____5325 W/C Coated, Embd 10,15 p:. 117,172 Stora N.America Aurocard(1) TCF 0 0 78 W 8-18 pt. 8-18 pt. Stora N.America Chromocard TCF (I) TCF 0 0 80 W 9-22 pt. 9-22 pt. Union Camp Frankote Collage Cover CIS -___15 15 86 W Coated one side 8-12 Pt 8-12 Pt #1 Matte Biberist Allegro (I) PCF 50 10 AF 90 W Matte 80-100; C80-100 80-100; C80-100 Consolidated Frostbrite Matte ____10 10 AF 87.5 W Matte 60-100; C65-80 60-100; C65-80 P B Island Resolve Matte -__50 W AF 87 W Matte 50-1 00 50-100 Mohawk 50/10 Plus 15 AF 94 WiO Matte 70-1 05; C65-100 D _-~ 15 70-105; C65-100 D Potlatch Mountie Matte ECF 10 10 AF 87 W Matte 60-100; C65-80 60-100, C60-100 Potlatch Mountie Matte Natural ECF IO Io AF 79 0 Matte 70-80; CEO 70-80; C80 Potlatch Mountie Matte Return Card ECF 10 10 AF 87 W Matte 105 105 B Repap Repap Matte .~51; --W AF 85 W Matte 70-105;C65-80 70-105;C65-80 S D. Warren Patma ____10 10 AF 89 W Matte 60-80, 7 pt 60-100,7 pt; C65-80 B Simpson Kashmir __5025__ 90.5 WiO Matte,Emboss. 80,100; C8G,100 Zanders lkono Man TCF 50 0 96 W Matte 80-100; C92.5-111 #2 Matte C Appleton Papers Utopia Two __aD .- WAF84 WiO Matte 50-100; C65-80 50-100; C65-80 ,PC B Biberist Renato (I) PCF ltW 25.- AF 83 W Matte 54-100; C75-110 54-100; C75-110 Consolidated Productolith _____10 10 AF 84 W Matte 60-100; C60-100 60-100; C60-100

>ONSERVATREE RECOMMENDED PAPERS -- + = Better. ** = Best Because of. ..R-TOTAL RECYCLED CONTENT: P-POSTCONS6MER CONTENT; C-TCF(CHL0RINE FREE); T-TREE-FREE NHFN SPECIFICYING. ONLY USE PAPERS THAT ARE LISTED iN THIS GUIDE. If You Have Any Questions Call 415-433-1000 Ext. 23. 3% "HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE," page 9, for descriptions of codes used in this guide.. 0 Consmatree Greenline CONSERVATREE’S ANNUAL GUiDE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PAPERS, 1997 RECYCLED, CHLORINE-FREE AND/OR TREE-FREE PRINTING & WRITING PAPERS RECYCLED CONTENT by Fiber AVAILABLE BASIS WEIGHTS CONSERVATREE RECYC. CHLOR Weight REC. RANK &&L BRAND NAME CERT $&E TRF pc nF BRI COLORS FINISH Wm STOCK SHEETS EB Eddy Lighthouse Matte ____10 10 AF 84 W Matte 40-60 Mead 7pt Postcard Matte Recycled ____10 10 84 W Mane 105 105 Potlatch Makers Matte ECF 10 10 AF 84 W Matte 50-80; C65 50-100; C65 Potlatch Makers Matte Return Card ECF 10 10 AF 84 W Matte 105 105 Simpson EverGreen Matte _____15 15 89 WIO Mane 70-105; C65-100 70-105; C65-100 13.3 #3-5 Matte 1 “p C Appleton Papers Utopia Three ____W 211 AF 82 W Matte 45-100, C65 50-100; C65 Consolidated Fortune ____10 10 AF 82 W Mane 60-100: C65-100 60-100; C65-100 EB Eddy Schooner Matte _____10 10 AF 78 W Matte 38-60 EB Eddy Spinnaker Matte ____10 10 AF 80 W Matte 40-60 Georgia Pacific Re-Comm Matte ECF 50 10 78 W Mane 40-80 Georgia Pacific Re-Comm Ultra Matte ECF 50 10 82 W Mane 40-80 Mead Vision Matte Recycled __10 10 80 W Matte 45-50 S.D.Warren Somerset Recycled Matte ____10 10 AF 83 W Matte 60-80; C 8pt 43-100; C 7,8pt Simpson Silverado Matte ____15 15 85 W Matte 60-105, C65,80 60-105; C65,80 **RP A Stora N.America Cyclus Print (I) ECF la0 75 76 W Matte 61 -1 01 ;C74 61 -1 01 ;C74 Stora N America Reprint (I) ____500 81 W Matte 54-104; C65,74 54-104iC65.74 Weyerhaeuser Choctaw 10 Recycled Matte -__10 10 71 W Matte 38-50 iS.1- Opaque “TP C Arbokem Canada Downtown Paper #3 PCF TF 47 AF 82 W Sm 50-70 50-70 B Badger Artopaque ____50 W AF 88 W Sm,V 40-70 40-70 C Crown Vantage Dominion Reclaim Opaque 92 ____W W AF 92 W FC(Thin), Sm,V 35-80 C Crown Vantage Zealand Reclaim Opaque 88 ____W WAF88 W FC(Thin), Sm,V 35-80 B Domtar Fusion Opaque PCF 50 W AF C Sm 50-70 50-70 EB Eddy Century Prem Opaque 20PC W W AF 90 W V, English, Sm 28-100, C65,80 C __ ~ B EB Eddy Guardian Opaque EL ____50 WAF84 W V, English, Sm 26-80, C65,80 40-70; C65,80 EB Eddy Ocean Cote _____10 10 AF 84 W FC (Thin) 29-50 Fletcher Mackinac ECF 50 0 AF 84 W Sm 27,30,35,40,50 27,30,35,40,50 Fletcher Mackinac ECF 50 10 AF 84 W 27,30,35,40,50 27,30,35,40,50 6 Fletcher Mackinac ECF 50 W AF 84 W 27,30,35,40,50 27,30,35,40,50 Fletcher Mackinac ECF IW O+ AF 84 W 27,30,35,40,50 27,30,35,40,50 ‘*RP B Fraser Papers Halopaque ECF lW W AF 86 WIO FC (Satin), V 40-105,C65,80 40-105; C65,80 Fraser Papers Snowbrite 50I15 _-50 __15 86 W 27-45 C Fraser Papers Worx Offset/ Opaque ECF W W AF C Sm 50,60,70; C65 50,60,70; C65 C Georgia Pacific Valorem Recycled Opaque ~__W W AF 90 WfC Sm,V Mfg 40-70; C65 C Island Resolve Premium Opaque EL ____W W AF 90 W 40-1 00 40-100 C James River Eureka! 20 Opaque 2O%PCF W W AF 90 W Sm,V 40-70 50-70 Mohawk Mohawk Opaque _____10 10 AF 92 WIO Sm,V 60-80; C65-80 60-80; C65-80 B Roiland New Life Opaque EL 5O%PCF 50 30 AF 90 W Sm,V, FC 50-70 40-80.C65-80 Rollanc! Rolland Opaque Hi Tech W AF 94 W Sm 50-70 C __- ~ P C Rolland Rolland Opaque Recycled __W ___WAF94 W Sm,V 50-70 40-120iC65-80 Rolland Rolland ST Opal ECF IO 10 AF 90 W FC(Srfc trtd) 50-80 Simpson Recycled Opaque a3W 91 W Sin 50-70; C65 C __I_ B Simpson Satin-Kcte Recycled __sa -__ 54 W FC(Satin) 50-70,105; C65 fT Tree Free Eco Harbinger TCF TF 0 AF 82 W 20-24 C80 *T Tree Free Eco Redeem ECF TF 0 AF 85 W Sm 20-24 c100 *T Tree Free Eco Savanah TCF TF 0 AF 70 W Sm 45,52 19-22; C80 *TP C Tree Free Eco Tradition ECF TF 20 AF 88 wv 60 **T Vision Paper Trailblazer TCF TF 0 AF 72 ov 45,52; C60 45,52; C60 C Wausau Exact Opaque ECF W W AF 90 WIC Sm,V 50-70, C65-80 50-70; ‘265-80

C Weyerhaeuser Recycled Lynx Opaque __W -__W AF 90 W Sm,V 40-70, C65-80 50,60,70, C65-80

CONSERVATREE RECOMMENDED PAPERS -- * = Better; ** = Best Because ofX-TOTAL RECYCLED CONTENT; P-POSTCONSUMER CONTENT; C-TCF(CHL0RINE FREE); T-TREE-FREE WHEN SPEClFlCYlN , ONLY USE PAPERS THAT ARE LISTED IN THIS GUIDS, If You Have Any Questions Call 41 5-433-1000 Ext. 23. :ions :ions of codes used in this guide.. CONSERVATREE'S ANNUAL GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PAPERS, 1997 RECYCLED, CHLORINE-FREE AND/OR TREE-FREE PRINTING & WRITING PAPERS

RECYCLEDCONTENT by Fiber =ABLE BASIS WEIGHTS :ONSERVATREE RECYC. CHLOR Weight IEC. RANK MlLL BRAND NAME a 3E TRF E BRI COLORS FINISH WEBBW STOCK SHEETS -__ il?__ Lightweight I

Boise Cascade Aspen Lightweight Opaque ____10 10 AF 85 W S 30,35,40,45 30,35,40,45 Crown Vantage Squire Reclaim Opaque 120 __50 __10 ao w 26-35 available AF Crown Vantage Squire Reclaim Opaque 200 ____51) 10 05 W 26-35 available AF Fraser Papers Fraser Recycled Lightweight __PO __ 59 W 16.5-25.5 P C James River Eureka1 20 Lite Opaque 20%PCF W a0 AF 80 W Sm,V 2735 PH Glatfelter Reference Opaque ECF 50 10 AF 04 W Sm 30-40 30-40 ___ PH Glatfelter Stabilite ECF 50 10 AF 78 W Sm 30-40 30-40 .1 Offset B Badger Envirographic Offset ____50 W AF 85 WIC Sm,V 40-70 50-60 C Boise Cascade Aspen ____P WAF83 W 50,60,70 50,60,70 Boise Cascade Cascade MP Cover __10 ___ 10 AF C Sm C65 C65 Crown Vantage Legend Reclaim _____50 10 AF 71 W Sm,V,Ant,Egg 45-70 C Domtar Plainfield ECF ____21) W AF 89 W Sm,V 40-120 50-120 Fraser Papers C Brite 50115 -51) __ 15 a7 w 27-45 3B Fraser Papers Cross Pointe Book ECF ____1W W AF 86/72 WIO FC(Satin),Sm,V 40-80 3BFraser Papers Heritage Book ECF __la0 _.211 AF 75/68 WIO V,Ant 50,55,60 IBFraser Papers Miami Book ECF ____100 2Yl AF 77/68 WIO FC(SatThin) ,V 40-80 36 Fraser Papers Troy Book ECF ____1W W AF 79172 WIO FC(SatThin), V 40-80 Fraser Papers Vision 50115 ____50 15 90 W 26-45 Geo. A Whiting Crestline -__1W 10 AF 06 WIC V, Embossd 60-70;C65-00 60-70: C65-00 Georgia Pacific Re-Comm Offset ECF ____50 10 75 W Sm,V 30-70 C Georgia Pacific Westminster Tradebook ECF ____W W AF 84 W Sm,V,Ant, Egg, 45-70 3PC A Hammermill Hammermill Unity Offset PCF __I_1W 50 AF 60 W 40-70 40-70 B Hennepin Hennepin Offset PCF ____50217 74 WIC v 35-55 50 B Hennepin Hennepin Reply Card PCF ~__soa 74 WIC v 65-72 6572 Island Island Offset Plus EL ____10 10 AF 86.5 W 50-70 C James River Columbia Echo 20 2O%PCF W W 65 W 35 James River Columbia Echo 72-15 15%PCF 15 15 72 W 35 C James River Eureka1 20 Recycled Offset 2O%PCF W a0 AF 84 W Sm,V 40-70 50-70 Kimberly Clark NVF -~1W 10 OIC 20-50 CB Lyons Falls Paper Agam PC CF NYS PCF lit? 22 AF 72 WIC Sm,V 40-80 CB Lyons Falls Paper Again Tradebook PCCF PCF 81) 20 AF 72 WIO Sm,V,Ant 4570 Lyons Falls Pathfinder Offset CF TCF 0 0 AF 75 W Sm,V 40-00 Lyons Falls Pathfinder Tradebook CF TCF 0 0 AF 75 WIO Sm,V,Ant 45-70 Lyons Falls Turin Book TCF TCF 0 0 AF 67 0 Sm,V,Ant,HB 40-60 Nicolaus Paper Valentine Offset ____la0 0 85 W V 40-80 PH Glatfelter Authors ECF t15 10 AF 73-78 W Ant, Egg 45-60 45-60 PH Glatfelter Ecolocote ECF 81) 10 AF 80 W FC(Satin) 40-60 40-60 PH Glatfelter Editors ECF 81) 10 AF 65-78 W Ant,Egg 40-60 40-60 0 PH Glatfelter Natures ECF la0 W AF 65-76 W Sm,Ant,Egg 4570 45-70 >0 PH Glatfelter Recycle 100 PCF la0 2%- AF * 0 V, Wove 50-70 50-70 PH Glatfelter Restore Cote ECF 50 70 AF 86 W FC(Satin, Thin) 40-60 40-60 PH Glatfelter Supple ECF 611 10 AF 74-84 W Ant,Egg 40-60 40-60 PH Glatfelter Thor ECF 85 10 AF 82 W Sm,Ant.Egg 45-70 45-70 'A Riverside Ecology Offset ECF 1W 35 AF 76 W 50,60,70 C Rolland Rockland Cover ____20 2V AF 94 WIC C50,65,80 C Rolland Rockland Opaque Colors ___W _-W AF 94 WIC 60-70 C Rolland Rolland Opaque Reply Card ____a a AF 94 W HlghBulk 83 PC A Springhill Springhill Incentive100 PCF 1W 50 AF 60 W 40-70 40-70 PA Stora N America Cyclus Offset (I) ECF 1W 75 69 W Smooth 60-100 60-100

>ONSERVATREERECOMMENDED PAPERS -- * = Better; ** = Best Because of...R-TOTAL RECYCLED CONTENT: P-POSTCONSUMER CONTENT; C-TCF(CHL0RINE FREE): T-TREE-FREE VHEN SPECIFICYING. ONLY USE PAPERS THAT ARE LISTED IN THIS GUIDE. If You Have Any Questions Call 415-433-1000 Ext. 23. %e "HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE," page 9, for descriptions of codes used in this guide.. CONSERVATREE'S ANNUAL GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY SQUMD PAPERS. 1997 RECYCLED, CHLORINE-FREE AND/OR TREE-FREE PRINTING 8t WRITING PAPERS RECYCLED CONTENT bv Fiber AVAILABLE BASIS WEIGHTS CONSERVATREE RECYC. CHLOR Weight REC. RANK BRAND NAME -INE eC. nF BRI COLORS FlNlSH WE0 BW STOCK SHEETS

c UnionCamp Williamsburg Collage Offset ____W W AF 84 W Sm,V, Hibulk 50-80,75 50-80,75 C Wausau AstroBrights ECF W W cv 60; C65 60; c65 C Weyerhaeuser Recycled Husky Offset ____W WAF84 W Sm,V 50-70 50,60,70 ~__ __-6.2 Bristol **PC B Domtar Fusion CoverlBristol PCF !XI W AF cv 57,67,80 57,67,80 Esleek Blue Jean Bristol 100 ____100 0 C Sm 66 Fox River Paper Tempo Bristol Recycled _____!XI 15 W Plate 100 PBR 100 PBR c Fraser Papers Worx Vellum Bristol ECF W W AF 88 WIC v 57,67,80 57,67,80 C Georgia Pacific Valorem Recycled Vell. Bristol ____ww 90 57,67 57,67 C Rolland Rockland Vellum Bristol __-W W AF 94 WIC 57,67,80 C UnionCamp Franklin Collage Vell Bristol ____W W AF 84 WIC v 67 67 __- ~__6.4 Return Card 1 "'RPC A Hammermill Hammermill Unity Returncard PCF 1W !XI AF 60 W 75 75 C James River Eureka120 2O%PCF W W AF W 7 pt, 9 pt 7 pt, 9 pt Nicolaus Paper Valentine Reply Card la0 0 82 WV 75 **RPC A Springhill Springhill Incentive100 PCF la0 50 AF 60 W 75 75 ~~6.7 Carbonless 3M Scotchmark ____50 10 AF C 17CB,18CFB,17CF 17CB,18CFB,17CF "p B Appleton Papers Recover NCR Brand EL,NYS !XI W AF C 15CQ,14CFB,15CF 1SCB,lSCFB,ISCF ~ ____ 6.8 Tablet C Boise Cascade Summit RC HI Bulk W W AF WIC I_- 83 15,18 *'PC A Gallaher Paper OTD Recycled Tablet PCF 1W 1W AF 0 Sm 15 15 B PH Glatfelter Ecolotab ECF cx) W AF 65-80 W Regular 15-20 1520 *RPC A Springhill Springhill Incentive100 PCF la0 !XI AF 60 W 15,16 7.1 Copy Paper "TP C . Arbokem Canada Downtown Paper #3 - PCF TF +- AF 82 w Sm 50 50 B Badger Envirographic Bond -__$3 W AF 85 WIC Sm 2024 20,24 C Boise Cascade Aspen Xerographic ____W WAF84 W 20 20 C Boise Cascade Cascade MP Brites ____ww C 20 20 C Boise Cascade Cascade MP Granites ____W W AF C Sm 20 20 C Boise Cascade Summit RC ____W W AF 83 WIG 12-20 c Champion Multipurpose Recycieu -___,27 ;ii AF 83 'VViC Sin 20,24 2024 C Fraser Papers Worx Multipurpose ECF W a0 AF 88 WIC Laser 20 20 C Georgia Pacific GeoCycle __-ww W 20 "RPC A Hammeqnill Hammermil Unity DP ., PCF AF 60 W 20,24 20,24 C Islam5 Resolve E%Uld&Gopy EL ____W W AF 86 W 16,20 **PC A games River Eureka~100 PCF 147 1W AF 84 W 20,24 C James River Eureka1 20 F 84 WIG 20 C tiJames River Eureka1 35 F 86.5 W 20,24 Nicolaus Paper Valentine Copy Bond 89 W Sm 20-24 "RP A Riverside Ecology COPYBond . 76 W 20 *'RPC A '-.Rolland New Life Dual Purpose 100 n 84W 20 B Rolland New Life Repro EL __50 ____P AF 81 W 20 C Rolland Rockland Bond ___W 94 WIC laser 20

WPC A I Springhill Springhltt hoentwe! QO DP PCF 60 W 20,24 20,24 *T Tree Free Eco Alexandria ECF TF 0 AF 88 W Sm 19-24 'T Tree Free Eco EcoBlend TCF TF 0 AF 84 W Sm 15-20 "TP C Tree Free Eco Tradition ECF TF W AF 88 W V 24 C Union Camp Great White Coated Inklet __25 ___- 25 AF 90 W Coated 25 C Union Camp Great White Inkjet ____25 25 AF 84 W Laser 24 C Union Camp Great White Laser __25 --25 AF 90 W Laser 24

CONSERVATREE RECOMMENDED PAPERS -- * = Better; ** = Best Because of...R-TOTALRECYCLED CONTENT; P-POSTCONSUMER CONTENT; C-TCF(CHL0RINE FREE); T-TREE-FREE WHEN SPECIFICYING. ONLY USE PAPERS THAT ARE LISTED IN TH!S GUIDE, If You Have Any Questions Call 415-433-1000 Ext. 23. See "HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE," page 9, for descriptions of codes used in this guide.. CONSERVATREE’S ANNUAL GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PAPERS, 1922 RECYCLED, CHLORINE-FREE AND/OR TREE-FREE PRINTING & WRITING PAPERS

RECYCLEDCONTENT by Fiber AVAILABLE BASIS WEIGHTS >ONSERVATREE w.CHLOR Weight 7EC. RANK BRAND NAME -INE TRF E 4E BRI COLORS FINISH WEBBW STOCK SHEETS C Unioncamp Great White Xerographic ___25 __25 AF 84 W 20-24 C Weyerhaeuser Recycled Husky Xerocopy _____W W AF 84 W 20 C Weyerhaeuser Recycled Laser Copy W W AF 86 W 20,24 -~ ______72MlCR Bond ’: 1 , C Boise Cascade Summit RC -___W W AF 83 WIC 20,24 B Fraser Papers Flambeau MlCR Bond ECF 511 W--AF 84 WIC Sm 20,24 20,24 PLText and C- C Beckett Paper Cambric WIC Lmen 70,80;C80,1 OODS C Beckett Paper Concept WIC Wv, Lin, Fiber 70; C80,lOOS C Beckett Paper Enhance1 WIC Silk 70,80; C80S C Beckett Paper Expression WIC Sm 70-100; C65-100s C Beckett Paper Ridge WIC Linear 70; C80,lOO; D C Beckett Paper RSVP WIC Felt 80; C80,lOO; D Boise Cascade Cascade MP Cover C Sm 65 65 B Champion Benefit - Colors WIC V, Lsr, Laid ,Vrt 70; C80 70; C80 S RP A Champion Benefit- Deep Colors C V, Lsr, Laid ,Vrt 70, C80 70; C80 S B Champion Carnival WC Various 60-100 60-100 S B Champion Mystique WIC Laid 70 70 S Crane & Co Crane Cover C 80-100 Crane & Co Denim Blues 1(M C 80, CllO TP A Crane & Co Old Money Greenback 83 0 80; C90 TP A Crane & Co Old Money Mint a 0 80; C90 S C Crown Vantage Curtis Brightwater Recycled WIC Riblaid 70-80, C65 70-80; C65 S C Crown Vantage Curtis Linen WIC hen 70,80;C65, 70, 80;C65-160 C Crown Vantage Curtis Marble C Sm 70; C90 70; C90 C Crown Vantage Curtis Retreeve WIC Sm, V, Felt 70; C65,80 70; C65,80 C Crown Vantage Curtis Tuscan Antique WIC Ant, Leather C65,80,130 C65,80,130 C Crown Vantage Curtis Tuscan Terra c Ant 80;C65,80 80;C65,80 C Crown Vantage Curtis Tweedweave WIC Felt 80,C65,80,100,130 80;C65,80,100,130 RP A Crown Vantage Graphika 100 WIC v 70;C80 70;C80 C Crown Vantage Graphika - flocked colors C Embossed,V 70,C80 70;C80 S C Crown Vantage Graphika - imitation Darchment c SO; C6S en; css C Crown Vantage Graphika - plain colors WIC Embossed, V 70,C80 70;C80 S Domtar Byronic EL WIC Brocade 60-80; C80 60-80; C80 Domtar Concerto EL WIC Wove, Laid 60-80, C80 60-80; C80 C B Domtar Naturals C Sm, Lined 60- 80;C80 60-80;C80 S ‘RPC A Domtar Sandpiper EL OIC v 60- 80;C80 60-80;C80 S B Fox Riv/Simpson Coronado SST Recycled W Sm, Ant, Stipple 60-1OO;C65,80 130 R A Fox Riv/Simpson Equinox WIC Felt 70: cao A FOXRiv/Simpson EverGreen C Cord,V 70:C80 S B Fox Riv/Simpson Gainsborough C Felt, Laser 80;C80,80+ S B Fox Riv/Simpson Protocol Cover Recycled ‘Jv Wove C80 S ‘RPC A Fox Riv/Simpson Quest EL OIC v 70-80; C80,80+ S B Fox RivlSimpson Sundance WIC Felt, V 60-80; C65,80 0 Fox Riv/Simpson Sundance C Felt, V 60-80; C65,80 B Fox River Paper Capitol Bond Cover EL WIO Sm C80 C80 S B Fox River Paper Circa33 a WIC bd 75; C65,80 75; C65,80 S B Fox River Paper Circa Select EL WIC Sm,Ant 80; C80 80, C80 S R A Fox River Paper Confetti EL C Sm 80; C80 80;C80 S B Fox River Paper Confetti EL C Sm 80; C80 80; C80 S 0 Fox River Paper CrushedLeaf EL C Sm 70; C80 70; C80 S

CONSERVATREE RECOMMENDED PAPERS .- = Better. ** = Best Because OLR-TOTAL RECYCLED CONTENT; P-POSTCONSUMER CONTENT; C-TCF~HLORINEFREE); T-TREE-FREE WHEN SPEC IFICYING. ONLY USE PAPERS THAT ARE LISTED IN THIS GUIDE. If You Have Any Questions Call 415-433-1000 Ext. 23. See “HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE,“ page 9, for descriptions of codes used in this guide.. 0 Comervatme GremLine CONSERVATREE'S ANNUAL GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PAPERS. 1997 RECYCLED, CHLORINE-FREE AND/OR TREE-FREE PRINTING & WRITING PAPERS RECYCLED CONTENT by Fiber AVAILABLE BASIS WEIGHTS ZONSERVATREE --RECYC. CHLOR Weight 3EC. RANK BRAND NAME STOCK SHEETS

B Fox River Paper Early American EL OIC Felt 75,C80 75,C80 B Fox River Paper Howard Linen EL WIC Linen 70; C65,80 70; C65,80 S B Fox River Paper Howard Text & Cover EL W V,Sm,Ant,Felt 60-80; C65,80 60-80; C65,80 A Fox River Paper Recycled Cover EL WIC Sm C80 C80 s **T Fox River Paper Rubicon ECF WIO Sm 80; C80 80; C80 s Fox River Paper Velvetsheen Text W Plate 75 75 C Fraser Papers Cross Pointe Brights ECF C Laser, V 50,60;C65 50,60, C65 "*RP A Fraser Papers Genesis 100% Post Consumer EL ECF OIC Sm,V 80,100,c80 80,100;C80-110S 'C c Fraser Papers Genesis PCF PCF WIC Sm 80,C80 80,C80 s B Fraser Papers Passport ECF C Felt, Laser 70,80,C80 M,80;C80,90 S 0 Fraser Papers Synergy ECF WIC Various 70,80; C65, C80 70,80; C65,80 S B Fraser Papers Synergy Bond 25 ECF WIC Lsr,LtCockle C80 C80 s C Fraser Papers Torchglow Opaque ECF WIC FC(Satin),Sm,V 50-80,C5O,C65,C80 50-80: C50-90 B French Construction WIC Laser 70; C80-100 70; C80-100 S B French Dur-o-tone WIC 50-80; C80 50-80, C80 B French French Rayon WIC Sm 80;C80 80; C80 B French Speckletone OIC Ant 70; C80 70; C80 Geo A. Whiting Brockway WIC Machine Felt 80;C65-80 80; C65-80 Geo. A. Whiting Cadence WIC Linen 70; C65-80 70;C65-80 S 'R A Geo A Whiting ClosedLoop PCF WIC Sm 75 ; c90 75;C90 Geo A Whiting CoatofArms WIC Ant Embossed C65-80 C65-80 Geo. A. Whiting Ultima W/C Laid 70; C65 70; C65 S C Georgia Pacific HOTS cv Mfg 20150,24160; C65 B Georgia Pacific Nekoosa Feltweave WIC Felt Mfg 70,80;C65-100 B Georgia Pacific Nekoosa Linen WIC Linen Mfg 70,80;C65-80 S A Georgia Pacific Proterra EL,SCS ____ma 90 WIC v Mfg 70,80;C80 S A Georgia Pacific Proterra Flecks EL,SCS ____6030 90 WIC Ant, Laser Mfg 70,80; C80 S B Georgia Pacific Skytone __-521W C Parchment Mfg C65 S 0 Gilbert Esse ____ma 91 WIC Sm, Texture 80; C80 S B Gilbert Gilbert Cover Recycled __55w __ a9 WIC Laid,Wv, Plate C80 A Gilbert Gilbert Oxford 10 m3O aa WIC Oxford 80; C80 S ~~ C Gilbert Gilbert Recycled Laid __-sa ne WIC Lsr Laid, Lcr C65 S B Gilbert Voice ___ma0 __ 91 WIC Texture 70,80; C80, 100 S *TC GreenField Color Grown 1Lxl TCF TF 0 AF C Sm 60; C70, C120 S TC GreenField European Hemp 3 TCF TF 0 AF C Sm 60; C70 TP C Living Tree Tradition Bond ECF TF w AF as W Nat air dried 24/60 C Mohawk Mohawk Irish Linen ~__a0 w AF a9 WIC Linen Embossed 70,80; C80 70,80; C80 C Mohawk Mohawk Opaque fiber ____W W AF C Sm 60-80; C65-80 60-80, C65-80 C Mohawk Mohawk Satin __-w w AF a9 WIC Satin 60-80; C65,80 60-80; C65,80 S C Mohawk Mohawk Superfine Recycled ___w ___a0 AF a9 WIO Sm, 70-100; C65-130 7080; C65,80 S C Mohawk Mohawk Vellum ____W W AF WIC v 60-100; C65,80 60-100, C65,80 C Mohawk Navajo ____a0 a0 AF 98 W Super smooth 60-100, C65-130 60-100; C65-130S C Mohawk Options ____W P AF WIO Sm,V 70,80; C65,80 70,80; C65,80 "RP C Mohawk Options Colors _____100 1W AF C Sm,V 70; C80 70; C80 C Mohawk Options TCF TCF 0 0 AF 0 Sm,V 70; C80 70; C80

C Mohawk Ticonderoga Laid '% __W __27 AF WIO Laid 70; C65 70; C65 C Mohawk Tomohawk ____P 20 AF WIC Felt 70,80; C65, C80 70,80; C65, C80 C Mohawk Ultrfelt ______W W AF WIC Felt 80; C80,100 80; C8O-lOO B Monadnock Revue EL ECF 60 W AF 90 WIO Sm, Wove 70.80; C65-80 70,80; C65-100 S *RP A Monadnock Revue PClOO EL _____1W 1W AF 90 W Sm 80;C80 80; C80 A Neenah Classic Columns EL __60 __ 3O AF WIC Columns 80;C65,80 S

CONSERVATREE RECOMMENDED PAPERS -- * = Better, ** = Best Because of. R-TOTAL RECYCLED CONTENT, P-POSTCONSUMER CONTENT, C-TCF(CHL0RINE FREE); T-TREE-FREE WHEN SPECIFICYING. ONLY USE PAPERS THAT ARE LISTED IN THIS GUIDE If You Have Any Questions Call 415-433-1000 Ext. 23. See "HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE," page 9, for descriptions of codes used in this guide CONSERVATREE'S ANNUAL GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PAPERS. 1997 RECYCLED, CHLORINE-FREE AND/OR TREE-FREE PRINTING & WRITING PAPERS

RECYCLEDCONTENT by Fiber AVAILABLE BASIS WEIGHTS CNSERVATREE RECYC. CHLOR Weight !2ziAuMu BRAND NAME E E BRI COLORS FINISH WEBBW STOCK SHEETS

A Neenah Classic Crest EL ____8 J) AF WIC Sm 60-1OO;C65-120 S A Neenah Classic Laid EL ____8 J) AF WIC Laid, Imaging 70-80;C65-120S A Neenah Classic Linen EL J) AF WIC Linen 7030, CEO-130 S ~~ 8 A Neenah Environment EL ____IW J) AF W/C Wv,Ld,Lin ,Prch EO;CEO,EE,120 S 'TP A Neenah Environment (50130,TF) EL ____TF J) AF 0 Wv,Ld,Lin ,Prch EO;C80,88,120 S -4 Neenah Environment TCF EL TCF 0 0 AF 0 Wv,Ld,Lin ,Prch 80;CE0,88,120 S 'C A Premium Papers Fridaflack (I) PCF 100 IW C Clll Rolland Colonial Cover EL ____10 10 AF 91 WIC CEO S 3PC A Rolland Rolland Evolution 100 Text EL PCF 1W 75 AF E1 WIC Laser 70, EO, cao A Rolland Rolland Evolution 50 Text EL 5O%PCF 50 37 AF 95 WIC Laser, Laid EO; CEO B Wausau AstroParche ECF 3 W AF cv 60; C65 60, C65 B Wausau Celebration B ECF 50 W AF cv 70-80; CEO 70-80; CEO B Wausau Exact 25% Cotton 25 ECF 51) W AF 90 wv 50-80; C60 50-80; C60 B Wausau Royal Fiber ECF 51) W AF OIC Sm,V 61-80; CEO 61-80; CEO .B Wausau Royal Laid ECF 50 W Ea WIC V, Laser 51-70, CEO 51-70; CEO B Wausau Royal Linen ECF 50 W aa WIC Linen Embossed 61-70; CEO 61-70; CEO B Wausau Royal Marble ECF 3 W C V, Linen 61-70, CEO 61-70; CEO B Wausau Royal Silk 25 ECF 50 w AF aa WIC Sm 61-80; CEO 61-80; CEO B Weston Papers Whisper Recycled ECF C ~ 75 W EO: C90 rzWriting C Beckett Paper Cambric WIC Linen 24 C Beckett Paper Concept WIC Wv, Lin, Fiber 24 C Beckett Paper Enhance1 WIC Silk 24 C Beckett Paper Expression WIC Sm 24 0 Champion Benefit - Colors WIC V, Lsr, Ld, Vrt 24 ' 24 PA Champion Benefit- Deep Colors C V, Lsr, Ld, Vrt 24 24 B Champion Carnival WIC 24 24 B Champion Mystique WIC Laid 20,24 20,24 Crane & Co Crane's Bond 1W 24 Crane & Co Crane's Crest 1W W 24 =c Crane & Co Crane's Crest R IW W 24 Crane & Co Crane's Distaff Linen 1W C. 24 =cCrane & Co Crest RiFlo White Opaque IW W 24 Crane & Co Denim Blues 1W C 24 =A Crane & Co Old Money Mint s.3 0 24 C Crown Vantage Curtis Brightwater Recycled WIC Riblaid 24 C Crown Vantage Curtis Marble C Sm 24 C Crown Vantage Curtis Retreeve WIC Sm, V, Felt 24 C Crown Vantage Graphika -flocked colors C Embossed,V 24 C Crown Vantage Graphika - plain colors WIC Embossed, V 24 IPC A Domtar Sandpiper EL OIC v 24 24 Esleek Blue Jean Bond IW C Sin 24,2E 24,28 Esleek Collateral Bond 3, Writing 101) W Sm 16-28 16-28 B Esleek Reissue Bond W Sm 20,24 20,24 B Fox RivGimpson Gainsborough C Felt, Laser 24 ., B Fox Riv/Simpson Protocol Writing Recycled 25 WIO Wove 24 CA Fox RivfSitnpson Quest OIC v 24 Fox River Paper Anniversary Bond 100 WIC Lt Cockle 20,24 2024 B Fox River Paper Capitol Bond BEL W/O Cockle,Lt Ckl, 20,24 20.24 0 Fox River Paper Circa33 EL WIC Ld,LsrLd, 24 24 B Fox River Paper Circa Select EL WIC %,Ant 24 24

:ONSERVATREE RECOMMENDED PAPERS -- * = Better; ** = Best Because of...R-TOTAL RECYCLED CONTENT; P-POSTCONSUMER CONTENT; C-TCF(CHL0RINE FREE); T-TREE-FREE WHEN SPECIFICYING. ONLY USE PAPERS THAT ARE LISTED IN THIS GUIDEL If You Have Any Questions Call 415-433-1000 Ext. 23. jee "HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE," page 9, for descriptions of codes used in this guide

0 Conservatme Greenline 17 CONSERVATREE’S ANNUAL GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PAPERS, 1997 RECYCLED, CHLORINE-FREE AND/OR TREE-FREE PRINTING 8t WRlTlNG PAPERS RECYCLEDCONTENT by Fiber AVAILABLE BASIS WEIGHTS CONSERVATREE RECYC. CHLOR Weight REC, RANK BRAND NAME I;E~Z TRF pC M BRI COLORS EiNlSH !tEBBY! STOCK SHEETS

*R A Fox River Paper Confetti EL _____1W 50 ! C Sm 28 28 B Fox River Paper Confetti EL ____50 W AF C Sm 28 28 B Fox River Paper Crushed Leaf EL ~__50 25 AF C Sm 24 24 B Fox River Paper Howard Linen EL __50w __ WIC Linen 24 24 A Fox River Paper Recycled Bond & Cover 25 EL __1W -30 AF 92 WIC Lt Cckl, Lsr 20,24 2024 **T Fox River Paper Rubicon ECF TF 0 AF 92 WIO Sm 24 24 B Fox River Paper Winsted 25 __-93 P AF 92 W LtCockle 24 24 **RP A Fraser Papers Genesis 100% Post Consumer EL ECF lW ‘1W AF OIC Sm,V 28 28 *c c Fraser Papers Genesis PCF PCF 20 W AF 05 WIC Sm 24 24 B Fraser Papers Passport ECF 50 W AF C Felt, Laser 24,28 2433 B Fraser Papers Synergy ECF 50 W AF 90 WIC Various 24 24 B Fraser Papers Synergy Bond 25 ECF 50 W AF 90 WIC Lsr, Lt Cockle 20,24 20,24 B French Construction ____1W W AF 96 WIC Laser 24 24 **PC A Gallaher Paper Directory Plus 25 TCF 1W !W,AF 76 0 Sm 20 20 Geo A Whiting Brockway Plus ____1W 10 AF 86 WIC Machine Felt 24 24 Geo A Whiting Cadence ____1W 10 AF 86 WC Linen 24 24 Geo A. Whiting Ultima lW 10 AF 86 WIC Laid Mfg B Georgia Pacific Nekoosa 25% Cotton 25 92 WIC Sm,Cockle 2024 2024 B Georgia Pacific Nekoosa Bond 91 WIC Bond, Ripple 20 20.24 0 Georgia Pacific Nekoosa Linen 86 WIC Linen Mfg 24 A Georgia Pacific Proterra EL,SCS 90 WIC v Mfg 24 A Georgia Pacific Proterra Flecks EL,SCS __830 -- 90 WIC Ant, Laser Mfg 24 0 Georgia Pacific Skytone C Parchment Mfg 24 B Gilbert Chadwick 25%CottonRecycled~ 91 W Wove 20,24 B Gilbert Correspond Cotton Recycled 25 89 WIC Wove 24 B Gilbert Esse 91 WIC SmText 24 B Gilbert Gilbert Manuscript 25 w Ant 26.75 A Gilbert Gilbert Oxford 10 88 WIC Oxford 24 C Gilbert Gilbert Recycled Laid 88 WIC Lsr, Ld Lsr 2 C GI Ibert Jet-Tech Recycled 88 W Tech 24 C Gilbert Neutech 25 89 WIC Tech 20,24 %l C GI1be;t Llltratsch Pastels c ?VPJe L.d B Gilbert Union Water Mark Recycled 89 W Wove 20 B Gilbert Voice 91 WIC Texture 24 **TC Green Field Color Grown loo TCF TF 0 AF C Sm 24 *TP C Living Tree Tradition Bond ECF TF W AF 85 W Nat air dried 24 C Mohawk Mohawk Satin ____W P AF 89 WIC Laser 24 24 C Mohawk Mohawk Superfine Recycled ____W W AF 89 W Sm 24 24 C Mohawk Naval0 ____W W AF 98 W Laser 24 24 B Monadnock Revue EL ECF 8 W AF 90 WIO Sm,Wove 24 24 0 Neenah Atlas Bond 250 ____50 W AF W Imaging,Cockle 20,24 A Neenah Classic Columns EL 30 AF WIC Columns 24 I____tZl A Neenah Classic Crest EL __W 30 AF WIC Sm 20,24 20,24,28 A Neenah Classic Laia EL ______al SO AF WIC Laid, Imaging 20,24 20,24 A Neenah Classic Linen BEL m AF WIC Linen 24 24 ~ __a A Neenah Environment BEL __-1W 30‘AF WIC Wv,Ld,Pch 24 24 *TP A Neenah Environment (50130,TF) a EL ____TF 30 AF WIC Wv,Ld,Pch 24 24 *C Neenah Environment TCF 25 EL TCF 0 0 AF WIC Wv,Ld,Pch 24 24 B Neenah Neenah Bond 25 EL ___50 __W AF WIC Imaging,Cockle 20,24 20,24 B Neenah Neenah Laser 25 EL 2.2.AF W Laser 24 20,24 A Riverside Ecology Bond ___1W __‘35 AF 76 WIC 18,2024

CONSERVATREE RECOMMENDED PAPERS -- * = Better; ** = Best Because of. ..R-TOTAL RECYCLED CONTENT, P-POSTCONSUMER CONTENT; C-TCF(CHL0RINEFREE); T-TREE-FREE WHEN SPFCIFICYIN-AT ARE LISTED IN THIS GUIDE. If You Have Any Questions Call 415-433-1000 Ext. 23. See “HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE,” page 9, for descriptions of codes used in this guide.. __-__I--CONSERVATREE'S ANNUAL GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PAPERS. 1997 RECYCLED, CHLORINE-FREE AND/OR TREE-FREE PRINTING & WRITING PAPERS

RECYCLED CONTENT by Fiber ONSERVATREE RECYC. CHLOR Weight AVAILABLE BASIS WEIGHTS EC. RANK BRAND NAME -INE E AE BRI COLORS FlNlSH WEB EW STOCK SHEETS

A Riverside Ecology Writing ____1W 25 AF 76 WIC 18 B Rolland Colonial Writing 25 25EL ~ 50 r) AF 91 W Laser 24 24 RP A Rolland Rolland Evolution 100 Writing u. PCF 1W 75 AF 81 WIC Laser 24 B Rolland Rolland Evolution 50 Writing u. 5O%PCF 50 30 AF 95 WIC Laser, Laid 20,24 B Weston Papers 25% Cotton Sav-A-Source B ECF 75 W 94 W 20,24 B Weston Papers Whisper Recycled 25 ECF 75 W 24 3 Translucent 1 * d CTI Paper Glama Natural TCF 0 0 W Sin 21 ,a,# 21,29,40 3P B CTI Paper Glama Natural 100 ___-lW __w W Sm 17,24 17,24 r Esleek Recordine Translucent 100 __~TF 0 90 W Sm 15.5,18,20 15.5,18,20 0.1 Index

C Champion Skyland ____W W AF 83 WIC Sm 90,100 90,100 C Fraser Papers Worxlndex ECF W W AF 88 WIC Sm 90,110 90,110 C Georgia Pacific Valorum Recycled Index _____ww 90 90,110 90,l 10 C Rolland Rockland Index W WAF94 WIC ~ __ 90,110 C UnionCamp Franklin Collage Recycled ~__W WAFW W Sm 90,110,140 90,110,140 C Wausau Exact ECF P a0 AF 85 WIC Sm 90-140 90-140 12- 12- Tag & Board 1 Crane & Co Denim Blues 100 C 16 pt C Crown Vantage Reclaim Tag WIC 90,100 B Specialty Cheshirelinen C Linen . 9,11 pt. 80,100 I B Specialty Genuine Pressboard C CoatdEmbsd 15,20 pt. 30,441 1 B Specialty Press Guard C CoatdEmbsd 20 pt. 446 C UnionCamp Franklin Collage Recycled Tag WIC Sm 100,125,150,175 100,125,150,175 -~ 'SDrawing 'C B Hennepin Hennepin Drawing PCF 50 W 74 WIC v 50-72 50-72 B PH Glatfelter EPA 100+ Drawing ECF W W AF 78 W 55-88 55-88 Riverside Drawing Manila ~__75 0 AF 46 C 40-70 Riverside Poster Sulfite ____50 0 AF 76 WIC 40 .1 Envelope C Boise Cascade Aspen ,__ww 84 W Sm 20,24,28 20,24 C Boise Cascade Summit RC _____aa W 20,24 C Champion Sunburst Kraft ECF W W AF C 244-28 C Champion Sunburst Wove ECF W W AF 81 W 20-28 3PC A Gallaher Paper OTD Recycled PCF la0 1W AF cv 18-32 18-32 P B Island Resolve Natural Kraft EL ECF 50 50 AF C James River Eureka1 20 Envelope 2O%PCF W W 81 W Standard 20-28 C James River Eurekal 35 Envelope 35YoPCF S SL5_ 82 W Standard 20-28 B Kimberly Clark Golden Brown EL ____mw C 20-50 B Kimberly Clark Desert Storm EL __WW ___ C 20-50 B PH Glatfelter EPA 100+ Envelope ECF lW 2c) AF 76-84 W Wove 24-28 24-28 PC A Springhill Springhill Incentive100 PCF YO0 50 AF 60 W 20-28 20-28 3 Label Champion All Purpose Litho Recycled ____50 IO 82 W 60-70 Crown Vantage Retreeve Label ~-la ___10 C 70 m C PH Glatfelter PSFacing ECF 50 W AF 82 W 50< 50 Simpson Recycled C 1S Label -_15 ~ 15 85 W Gloss 60-70 5L- Forms Bond C Crown Vantage Reclaim Forms Bond ____P W AF 78 W 12-24 B Fraser Papers Flambeau Ledger ECF 50 W- AF 84 WIC Sm 24,28,32,36 IPC A Gallaher Paper OTD Recycled PCF 1cM 1W AF cv a a

XNSERVATREE RECOMMENDED PAPERS -- * = Better: ** = Best Because of. ..R-TOTAL RECYCLED CONTENT, P-POSTCONSUMER CONTENT, C-TCF(CHL0RINE FREE); T-TREE-FREE NHEN SPECIFICYING. ONLY US E PAPERS THAT ARE LISTED IN THIS GUIDE If You Have Any Questions Call 415-433-1000 Ext. 23 3ee "HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE," page 9, for descriptions of codes used in this guide.. CONSERVATREE’S ANNUAL GUIDE TO ENV!RQNMEN?ALhY SOUND PAPERS. 1997 RECYCLED, CHLORINE-FREE AND/OR TREE-FREE PRINTING & WRITING PAPERS

RECYCLED CONTENT by Fiber AVAILABLE BASIS WEIGHTS CONSERVATREE RECYC. CHLOR Weight REC. RANK MlLL BRAND NAME CERT -INE E @ BRI COLORS FINISH WEBBW STOCK SHEETS Georgia Pacific Re-Run ECF 50 10 75 w/c Bond 12-20,18HB C James River Eurekal 20 Forms Bond 2O%PCF W W 81 W Standard 15-24 available AF C James River Eurekal 35 Forms Bond 35%PCF 35 35 82 W Standard 15-24 available AF *RPC A Springhill Springhill Incentive100 PCF 1W 50 AF 60 W 16-24 11.9 Misc *p C Appleton Papers Optima BrandRecoverThermal EL,NYS __50 __W AF *p C Appleton Papers Recover NCR Brand EL,NYS ___50 __W AF WIC 33CF,105CF,26CB 33CF,105CF,26CB C Boise Cascade Check Protect (Sectirity) ~____ww 82 24 C Boise Cascade Value Safety (Security) __ww __ 82 25 ‘PC A Gallaher Paper OTD Recycled File Folder PCF 1W 1W AF cv 124 124 Riverside Construction Groundwood __&? __0 AF 76 WIG 80 Riverside Construction Sulfite ___35 __0 AF 76 WIC 80 ‘RPC A Springhrll Springhill Incentive100 add rl PCF 1(w 51) AF 60 w 1516

...... up not only with paper for her magazine, but also as a distributor Focus: Tree-Free Papers for hemp paper made in Massachusetts. Her marketing efforts con- aper has been made from trees only for the past 150 years or centrate on education and creating consumer demand. so. Yet ie has so overraken our production systems in North The first paper company in the world to produce naturally-col- PAmerica that we’re having to rediscover tree-free papermak- ored cotton paper, Green Field Paper Company uses trimmings ing all over again. A radio interviewer even recently crowed about a from the leading environmentally friendly clothing manufacturers. book printed on kenafpaper, “Can you believe it! This book isn’t Combined with agricultural by-products from Fox Fiber - organi- even printed on paper!” cally grown, naturally colored cotton produced from heirloom People in much of the rest of the world never stopped the centuries- seeds and crossbreeding - the resulting paper is warm cream, light old traditions of malung paper from a wide variety of plants and agri- tan or soft green without bleaching or dyeing: cultural by-products. Some companies are reinventing ways to make Arbokem also focuses on developing papermaking from agricul- those types of papers commercially available now in North America. tural wastes. Concerned about the more than 200 million tons of We have always had 100% cotton papers. Crane & Co. even cereal straw dumped or burned in open fields in North America adds postconsumer cotton scraps to two of its papers, maintaining each year, Arbokem has developed its Downtown Blend papers by its 100% cotton content while also qualieing them to meet EPA combining agricultural “waste” with postconsumer wastepaper. The recycied paper guidelines. puips are all bleached with non-chlorine compounds. * Most other tree-free papers are still “boutique papers” in the U.S,, with prices higher than wood-pulp papers. But as market demand increases, justifying higher volumes, prices are expected to come down. Two major mills now offer non-cotton papers that are fully or partially tree-free. Fox River’s laser-compatible Rzlhicun is made from tropical grasses imported from Asia. Neenah’s Environmcnt line contains two papers (Mesa White and Tortilla) that are 50% bagasse (sugar cane residue). The other 50% is recycled content, with postconsumer material making up 30% of the paper’s fiber. Vision Paper, of New Mexico, produces offset and ccver stock from kenat a fast-growing relative of the hibixus. Its parent company handles the whole production cycle, including growing the kenaf at a Mississippi co-op, shipping it to a paper mill in North Carolina, then handling sales and distribution. Tree Free EcoPaper in Oregon specializes in paper made from hemp, a highly productive plant that provides oil for food and fuel, edible seeds, and fiber for textiles, rope and paper. The company markets paper manufactured in the U.S. from imported hemp pulp md sells papers from several sources, including m EcoFaviiii pzper from Italy made from sugar beet and corn byproducts. The owner of Living Tree searched the world for a tree-free pub- lishing paper for her ecology magaine, Zdkiuig Leum She ended ONSERVATREE'S ANNUAL GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PAPERS. 1997 lphabeticai List of Brand Names and Name Mill Product Class Brand Name Mill Product ClassBrand Name Mill Product Class 5% Cotton Weston Papers 8.3 Coronado SST Recycled Fox Iiiv/Sinipwn 8.1 Exact Wausau 10.1 I 1/10 Plus Mohawk 3.1 Correspond Cotton Gilbert 8.3 Exact 25% Cotton Wausau 8.1 I ,t ,t Postcard Matte McJd 3.2 Crane Cover Crane & Co 8.1 Exact Opaque Wausau 5.1 I exandria Tree Free Eco Paper 7.1 Crane's Bond Crane & Co 8.3 Excellence Repap 1.1 I I Purpose Litho Champion 11.3 Crane's Crest Crane L Co 8.3 Expression Beckett Paper 8.1 8.3 I legro (I) Biberist 1.1 3.1 Crane's Crest R Crane & Co 8.3 Flambeau Ledger Fraser Papers 11.5 I iniversary Bond Fox River Paper 8.3 Crane's Distaff Linen Crane L Co 8.3 Flambeau MlCR Bond Fraser Papers 7.2 1 .ies Consolidated 1.4 Crescent (I) Papertech (D) 1.2 Fortune Consolidated 1.3 I 'topaque Badger 5.1 Crest R/Flo White Crane 8z Co 8.3 Fracote Recycled Fraser Papers 1.5 I jpen Boise Cascade 6.1 Crestline Geo A Whiting 6.1 Franklin Collage Union Camp 10.1 10.2 I ;pen Liqhtweiqht Boise Cascade 5.2 Cross Pointe Book Fraser Papers 6.1 Franklin Collage Union Camp 10.2 I ;pen Xerographic Boise Cascade 7.1 Cross Pointe Brights Fraser Papers 8.1 Franklin Collage Vell. Union Camp 6.2 I ;troBrights Wausau 6.1 Crushed Leaf Fox River Paper 8.1 8.3 Frankote Collage Cover Union Camp 2.1 I ;troParche Wausau 8.1 Curtis Briqhtwater Crown Vantage 8.1 8.3 Fraser Recycled Fraser Papers 5.2 I las Bond Neenah 8.3 Curtis Linen Crown Vantage 8.1 French Rayon French 8.1 I irocard(I) Stora N.America 2.1 Curtis Marble Crown Vantage 8.1 8.3 Fridaflack (I) Premium Papers (D) E.1 I ithors PH Glatfelter 6.1 Curtis Retreeve Crown Vantage 8.1 8.3 Frostbrite Matte Consolidated 3.1 I mfit - Cohs Champion 8.1 8.3 Curtis Tuscan Antique Crown Vantage 8.1 Fusion CoveriBristol Domtar 6.2 I tnefit- DeeD Colors Champion 8.1 8.3 Curtis Tuscan Terra Crown Vantage 8.1 Fusion Opaque Domtar 5.1 i Je Jean Bond Esleek 8.3 Curtis Tweedweave Crown Vantage 8. I G-Print (I) Stora N.America 1 .I I Je Jean Bristol Esleek 6.2 Cyclus Offset (I) Stora N America 6.1 Gainsborough FoxRiv/Simpson 8.1 8.3 I ockway Geo. A. Whiting 8.1 Cyclus Print (I) Stora N America 3.3 Genesis 100% Post Fraser Papers '8.1 8.3 I ockway Plus Geo. A. Whiting 8.3 Denim Blues Crane & Co 8. I Genesis PCF Fraser Papers 8.1 8.3 I ionic Domtar 8.1 Dependoweb Recycled Mead 1.4 Genuine Pressboard Specialty.. Paperbrd 10.2 I Brite 50/15 Fraser Papers 6.1 Desert Storm Kimberly Clark 11.1 GeoCycle Georgia Pacific 7.1 i idence Geo. A. Whiting 8.1 8.3 Directory Plus Gallaher Paper 8.3 Gilbert Cover Recycled Gilbert 8.1 t imbric Beckett Paper . 8.1 8.3 Dominion Reclaim Crown Vantage 5.1 Gilbert Manuscript Gilbert 8.3 I ipitol Bond Fox River Paper 8.3 Downtown Paper #3 Arbokem Canada 5.1 7.1 Gilbert Oxford Gilbert 8.1 8.3 I pitol Bond Cover Fox River Paper 8.1 8.3 Drawing Manila Riversidc 10.5 Gilbert Recycled Laid Gilbert 8.1 8.3 i rnival Champion 8.1 8.3 Dur-o-tone French 8.1 Glama Natural CTI Paper 8.7 I scade MP Brites Boise Cascade 7.1 Early American Fox River Paper 8. I Glama Natural 100 CTI Paper 8.7 I scade MP Cover Boise Cascade 6.1 8.1 Echo Crown Vantage 1.4 Gleneagle Osprey (I) U.K. Paper 1.I I scade MP Granites Boise Cascade 7.1 Eco Blend Tree Free Eco Paper 7.1 Golden Brown Kimberly Clark 11.1 I lebration Wausau 8.1 Ecolocote PH Glatfelter 6.1 Graphika I00 Crown Vantage 8.1 I ntura Consolidated 1 .I Ecology Bond Riverside 8.3 Graphika - flocked colorsCrown Vantage 8.1 1 ntury Prem. Opaque EB Eddy 5.1 Ecology Copy Bond Riverside 7.1 Graphika - imitation Crown Vantage 8.1 I adwick Gilbert 8.3 Ecology Offset Riverside 6.1 Graphika - plain colors Crown Vantage 8.1 I eck Protect (Security) Boise Cascade 11.9 Ecology Writing Riverside 8.3 Great White Coated Unioncamp 7.1 I eshirelinen Specialty Paperbrd 10 2 Ecolotab PH Glatfelter 6.8 Great White lnkjet Union Camp 7.1 I octaw 10 Recycled Weyerhaeuser Paper1 5 3 3 Editors PH Glatfelter 6.1 Great White Laser Union Camp 7.1 I octaw 10 Recycled Weyerhaeuser Paperg 3 Enhance! Beckett Paper 8.1 8.3 Great White Union Camp 7.1 I rome Ultra (I) Papertech (D) 1 1 Envirographic Bond Badger 7.1 Guardian Opaque EB Eddy 5.1 I romocard TCF (I) Stora NAmerica 2 1 Envrrographic Offset Badger 6.1 Halopaque Fraser Papers 5.1 I ca '53 Fox Rwer Papcr 8 1 8 3 Env,ronment Neeiiah 8.1 Haiiimerniili Ciniiy DP Eaminermill 7.1 i ca Select Fox River Paper 8 1 8 3 Znvironment (50130,TF) Neenah a. I Yammermill Unity Offset Hammermill 6.1 I ~ssicColumns Neenah 81 83 Znvironment TCF Neenah 8.1 dammermill Unitv Hammermill 6.4 I issic Crest Neenah 81 83 3PA 1OOt Drawing PH Glatfelter 10.5 Hanno'Art (I).. Pauertech (D) 1.3 I issic Laid Neenah 81 83 3PA 1OOt Envelope PH Glatfelter 11.1 iarbinger Tree Free Eco Paper 5.1 i issic Linen Neenah 81 83 zquinox Fox RivISimpson 8.1 dennepin Drawing Hennepin 10.5 ] sed Loop Geo A Whiting 8 1 Sscanaba Enamel Mead 1.4 iennepin Offset Hennepin 6.1 I at of Arms Geo A Whiting 8 1 Ssse Gilbert 8.1 8.3 iennepin Reply Card Hennepin 6.1 I lateral Bond & Esleek a3 Eureka1 100 James River 7.1 ieritage Book Fraser Papers 6.1 I onial Cover Rolland ai Eureka! 20 James River 6.4 iOTS Georgia Pacific 8.1 I onial Writing 25 Rolldnd a3 Zurekai 20 Envelope James River 11.1 ioward Linen Fox River Paper 8.1 8.3 I or Grown GreenField Paper 8 1 8 3 furekal 20 Forms Bond James River 11.5 -loward Text & Cover Fox River Paper 8.1 I umbia Echo 20 Jaines Rlver 61 Eureka1 20 Lite Opaque James River 5.2 kono Dull Satin Cream Zanders 1.0 I umbia Echo 72-15 James River 61 Eurekal 20 Opaque James River 5.1 kono Dull Satin (I) Zanders 1.0 I wept Beckett Paper 8 1 8 3 Eureka! 20 Recycled James Rive: 6.1 kono Gloss (I) Zanders 1.0 1 icerto Domtar ai Eureka' 35 J'imes Rivei 7.1 kono Mztt Zanders 3.1 I ifetti Fox River Paper E 1 8 3 Eureka! 35 Envelope James River 11.1 nfluence Recycled Champion 1.3 I isolith Consolidared 13 Eurekal 35 Forms Bond James River 11.5 sland Offset Plus Island 6.1 I isort Royal Osprey UK Paper 10 Iuropean Hemp GreenField Paper 8.1 8.3 Jet-Tech Recycled Gilbert ' 8.3 1 istruction French 81 83 EverGreen Fox RivISimpwm 8.1

Brand Name Mill Product Class Brand Name Mill Product ClassBrand Name Mill Product Class Landscape Champion 12 Productolith Consolidated 1.2 Skytone Georgia Pacific 8.1 8.3 Largo (I) Biberist 10 Proterra Georgia Pacific 8.1 8.3 Snowbrite 50115 Fraser Papers 5.1 Legend Reclaim Crown Vantage 6.1 Proterra Flecks Georgia Pacific 8.1 8.3 Somerset Recycled S.D. Warren 1.3 3.3 Lighthouse Matte EB Eddy 32 Protocol Cover Recycled Fox Riv/Simpson 8.1 8.3 Somerset Recycled S.D. Warren 3.3 Lithofect Repap 12 Protocol Writing Fox Riv/Simpson 8.3 Speckletone French 8.1 Lithoweb Repap 1.2 1 PS Facing PH Glatfelter 11.3 Spinnaker Matte EB Eddy 3.3 Lustro Dull Cream S.D. Warren 1.1 I Pub Recycled Repap 1.5 Spirit Hi-Brite Repap 1.4 Lustro Dull Recycled S.D. Warren 1 .I 1 Quest Fox Riv/Simpson 8.1 8.3 Springhill Incentive100 Springhill 6.I Lustro Gloss Recycled S.D. Warren 1 .I I Quintessence Potlatch 1.1 Springhill lncentivel 00 Springhill 11.9 Mackinac Fletcher 5.1 I Re-Comm Matte Georgia Pacific 3.3 Springhill Incentive?00 Springhill 7.1 Magno Dull (I) Papertech (D) 1.1 Re-Comm Offset Georgia Pacific 6.1 Squire Reclaim Crown Vantage 5.2 Magno Print (I) Papertech (D) 1.2 Re-Comm Ultra Matte Georgia Pacific 3.3 Squire Reclaim Crown Vantage 5.2 Magno Star (I) Papertech (D) 1 .I Re-Run Georgia Pacific 11.5 Stabllite PH CIatfelter 5.2 Makers Matte Potlatch 3.2 Reclaim Forms Bond Crown Vantage 11.5 Strobe Dull S.D Warren 1 .o Makers Matte Return Potlatch 3.2 Reclaim Tag Crown Vantage 10.2 Strobe Gloss S.D Warren 1 .o Mead Web Recycled Mead 1.2 Recordine Translucent Esleek 8.7 Summit RC Boise Cascade 7.1 Miami Book Fraser Papers 6.1 Recover NCR Brand Appleton Papers 6.7 Summit RC Hi Bulk Boise Cascade 6.8 Mohawk Irish Linen Mohawk 8.1 Recycle 100 PH Glatfelter 6.1 Sunburst Kraft Champion 11.1 Mohawk Opaque Mohawk 5.1 Recycled Bond & Cover Fox River Paper 8.3 Sunburst Wove Champion 11.1 Mohawk Opaque fiber Mohawk 8.1 Recycled CIS Label Simpson 11.3 Sundance Fox Riv/Simpsvn 8.1 Mohawk Satin Mohawk 8.1 Recycled Cover Fox River Paper 8.1 SunWeb 75 Recycled Champion 1.4 Mohawk Superfine Mohawk 8.1 8.3 Recycled Husky Offset Weyerhaeuser Paper6. 1 SunWeb 78 Recycled Champion 1.4 Mohawk Vellum Mohawk 8.1 Recycled Husky Weyerhaeuser Paper7. I Supple PH Glatfelter 6.1 Montana Specialty Paperbrd 2.1 Recycled Laser Copy Weyerhaeuser Paper7.1 Synergy Fraser Papers 8.1 8.3 Mountie Matte Potlatch 3.1 Recycled Lynx Opaque Weyerhaeuser Paper5. f Synergy Bond Fraser Papers 8.1 8.3 Mountie Matte Natural Potlatch 3.1 Recycled Opaque Simpson 5.1 Taurus Consolidated 1.4 Mountie Matte Return Potlatch 3.1 Redeem Tree Free Eco Paper 5.1 Tempo Bristol Recycled Fox River Paper 6.2 Multiart (I) Stora N America 1.1 Reference Opaque PH Glatfelter 5.2 Textweb Recycled Champion 1.5 Multifect . Repap 1.3 Reissue Bond Esleek 83 Thor PH Glatfelter 6.1 Multipurpose Recycled Champion 7.1 Rekote 100 FSC Paper 1.5 Ticonderoga Laid Mohawk 8.1 ' Multiweb Repap 1.3 Renato (I) Biberist 1.2 3.2 Tomohawk Mohawk 8.1 Mystique Champion 8.1 8.3 Repap Matte Repap 3.1 Torchglow Opaque.. Fraser Pauers 8.1 Naturals Domtar 8.1 8.3 Reprint (I) Stora N America 3.3 Tradition Tree Free Eco Paper 5.1 7.1 Natures PH Glatfelter 6.1 Resolve Bond & Copy Island 7.1 Tradition Bond Living Tree Paper Ca.1 8.3 Navajo Mohawk 8.1 Resolve Gloss Island 1.2 Trailblazer Vision Paper 5.1 Neenah Bond Neenah 8.3 Resolve Matte Island 3.1 Troy Book Fraser Papers 6.1 Neenah Laser Neenah 8.3 Resolve Natural Kraft Island 11.1 Turin Book TCF Lyons Falls 6.1 Nekoosa 25% Cotton Georgia Pacific 8.3 Resolve Premium Island 5.1 Jltima Geo. A. Whiting 8.1 8.3 Nekoosa Bond Georgia Pacific 8.3 Restore Cote PH Glatfelter 6.1 Jltratech Pastels Gilbert 8.3 Nekoosa Feltweave Georgia Pacific 8.1 Retreeve Label Crown Vantage 11.3 Jltrfelt Mohawk 8.1 Nekoosa Linen Georgia Pacific 8.1 8.3 Revue Monadnock 8.1 8.3 Jnion Water Mark Gilbert 8.3 Neutech Gilbert 8.3 Revue PClOO Monadnock 8.1 Jtopia Three Appleton Papers 1.3 New Life Dual PurDose Rolland 7.1 Ridge Beckett Paper 8.1 Jtopia Two Appleton Papers 1.2 New Life Opaque Rolland 5.1 Rockland Gond Roiiand 7.i Jalentine Copy Bond i\iicolaus Faper 7.1 New Life Repro Rolland 7.1 Rockland Cover Rolland 6.1 Jalentine Offset Nicolaus Paper 6.1 Niagara Consolidated 1.5 Rockland Index Rolland 10.1 Jalentine Reply Card Nicolaus Paper 6.4 Northcote Recycled Mead 1.3 Rockland Ooaaue Rolland 6.1 Jaiorem Recycled Georgia Pacific 5.1 Northwest Potlatch 1.2 Rockland Vellum Bristol Rolland 6.2 Jalorem Recycled Veil. Georgia Pacific 6.2 Norval Specialty Paperbrd 2.1 Rolland Evolution 100 Rolland 8.1 8.3 Jalorum Recycled Index Georgia Pacific 10.1 NVF Kimberly Clark 6.1 Rolland Evolution 100 Rolland 8.3 /alue Safety (Security) Boise Cascade 11.9 Ocean Cote EB Eddy 5.1 Rolland Evolution 50 Rolland 8.1 8.3 /elvetsheen Text Fox River Paper 8.1 Old Money Greenback Crane & Co 8.1 Rolland Evolution 50 Rolland 8.3 lintage Remarque Potlatch 1.1 Old Money Mint Crane & Co 8.1 8.3 Rolland Opaque Hi TechRolland 5.1 7.1 lintage Velvet Creme Potlatch 1.1 Optima Appleton Papers 1 1.9 Rolland Opaque Rolland 5.1 /ision Mead 1.3 Options Mohawk 8.1 Rolland Oaaaue Reply Rolland 6.1 /ision 50115 Fraser Papers 6.1 Options Colors Mohawk 8.1 Rolland ST Opal Rolland 5.1 /ision Matte Recycled Mead 3.3 Options TCF Mohawk 8.1 Royal Fiber Wausau 8.1 loice Gilbert 8.1 Orion Consolidated 1.3 Royal Laid Wausau 8.1 Varren Dull S.D. Warren 1.2 OTD Recycled Callaher Paper 2.: 5.1 Royal Linen Wausau 8.1 Warren Gloss SI?. Warren 1.2 OTD Recycled File Gallaher Paper 11.9 Royal Marble Wausau 8.1 Yarrenflo Recycled S.D. Warren 1.2 OTD Recycled Tablet . Gallaher Paper 6.8 Royal Silk Wausau 8.1 Vestminster Tradebook Georgia Pacific 6.1 Paper Again PC CF Lyons Falls 6.1 RSVP Beckett Paper 8.1 Vhisper Recycled Weston Papers 8.1 8.3 Paper Again Tradebook Lyons Falls 6.1 Rubicon Fox River Paper 8.1 8.3 Villiamsburg Collage Union Camp 6.1 Passport Fraser Papers 8.1 8.3 Sandpiper Domtar 8.1 8.3 Yinsted Fox River Paper 8.3 Pathfinder Offset CF Lyons Falls 6.1 Satin-Xote Recycled Simpson 5.1 Vorx Index Fraser Papers 10.1 Pathfinder Tradebook Lyons Falls 6.1 Savanah Tree Free Eco Paper 5.1 Vorx Multipurpose Fraser Papers 7.1 Patina S.D. Warren 3.1 Schooner Gloss ED Eddy 1.4 Vorx Offset/ Opaque Fraser Papers 5.1 Phoenix Imperial (I) Papertech (D) 1 .O Schooner Matte EB Eddy 3.3 Vorx Vellum Bristol Frnser Papers 6.2 Fhoeno Gfand (1) Papertech (Dl 1 .0 Scotchmark 3M 67 reaiand Reclaim Ciiiwn Vantage 5.1 Phoeno Star (I) Papertech (D) 1 .I jig-Nature R Mead 1.1 Plainfield Domtar 6.1 Silverado Gloss Simpson 1.3 Poster Sulfite Riverside 10.5 Silverado Matte Simpson 3.3 Press Guard Specialty Paperbrd 10.2 Skyland Champion 10 1 CONSERVATREE'S ANNUAL GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PAPERS, 1997 Manufacturer's Phone Numbers to Obtain Samples and Local Distributors

IRGANIZATION PHONE ;=ORGANIZATION PHONE --6 D *, >* . M Company 800/826-4886 .James-.River 8001854-5345 ~15 rbokem Canada 6041322-1 3 17 Kimberly-Clark Tech Papers 8021757-81 22 ,rjo Wiggins USA 8001922-1726 Living Tree Paper 5411342-2974

adger Paper Mill 71 3582-4551 IC Lyons Falls 8001648-4458

~ ~~~ eckett Paper 8001543-1188 Mead 8001638-3313 iberest 51 61378-8832 Mohawk Paper 8001843-6455 oise Cascade 5031224-7250 Monadnock Paper Mills 8001221-2159 hampion lntl 8001442-3463 Neenah Paper 8001558-506 1 onsolidated Papers 8001322-7377x1177 Nicolaus Paper 5041532-331 3

~~ rane 8. Company 8OOf645-6858 P.H. Glatfelter 800/955-1111 rown Vantage 8001441-9292 Papertech 8001458-9811 TI Paper 6 0 8/246-4 0 0 0 Potlatch 8001447-2133 omtar Fine Papers .ann/lai.dcldfi - Premium Papers Marketing 51 6/378-8832 Repap Sales 8001998-983 1

x( Yl...) * _." jleeck Maunufacturing 41 3/863-4326 Riverside Paper -47-41'i"49--nB0~~ -

~~ etcher Paper 8001634-3158 Rolland 203f878-5895

~ ~~~~ )x River /Simpson Text 800/558-8327 SD Warren 61 71423-7300

~ aser Papers I Book 8001920-9988 Simpson Paper 8 0 01543 - 502 4 'aser Papers I Text 8OOi543-3297 Specialty Paperboard 800/451-4378 eiich Paper 8081253-5952 Springhiii 8001221-0809 33 Paper 7081389-8520 Stora North America 203135 9-563 0 allaher Paper -4WB74809 Tree Free Eco Paper 503/295-6705

30. A. Whiting Paper 800i558-5055 U.K. Paper 8 0 012 20 - 8 57 7 ?orgia-Pacific 800/635-6672 Union Camp 7571569-4321 lbert Paper 8001445-4465 Vision Paper 5 0 5i29 4- 0 293

~ - __ .een Field Paper 6191338-9432 Wausau Paper 8001950-9764

~ ~ immermill 8001242-2148 Weston Papers 41 31684-6289 3nnepin Paper 612/632-3684 Weyerhaeuser Paper 8001426-8774 )ward Paper 8001558-8327 Zanders USA 20 11305- 1 990 and Paper Mills 800/663-6221

Greenline 31 CyberPaper: Internet Web Sites for Environmentally Sound Papers

year ago, Greenline presented an on-line survey of both many industry pages. Access to some pages is limited to members, but you can join on-line at the web site for free. bulletin board systems (BBS) and the Internet. At that http:l/www.pulpandpaper.net/jumplist.html time, there were few sites of interest to environmentally Asound paper buyers, although there was a lot of promise. Mow and more paper companies are developing pqex Although web In the year since, some of those promises blossomed and others many of them make or sell recycledpaper, not all of'themfedture it. wilted. At the same time, many new sites appeared and more will Following are some that do: surely follow. ARBOKEMdevelops papers made with pulp from agricultural residues. INFORMATIONAND GOVERNMENT http://www.simplelife.com/fieldsofreams/OO~.html

Start with a Virtual Tour of a papermaking museum! THEINSTITUTE OF BOISECASCADE makes business, printing and packaging papers, PAPER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,a private graduate research university many with recycled content. in Atlanta, Georgia dedicated to the pulp and paper industry, main- http://www. bc. com tains the Robert C. Williams American Museum of Papermakmg, BOWATER manufactures recycled-content directory paper. which includes the Dard Hunter Collection. This web site offers sever- http://www. bowater.com al fascinating pages of brief histories of paper, papermaking machines, DANCINGTREE RECYCLED PAPER & PRINTING provides recycled, tree free watermafks, and even a description of recycling. and TCF papers as well as printing services. http://www.ipst.edu/amp/index.html http://www.igc.apc.org/GreenMarket/COMPANIES/Dance/inde x.html THEEPA OFFICEOF SOLID WASTEprovides information on EPA recycled paper guidelines. DELTAPAPER specializes in environmentally responsible packaging http://www.epa.gov/docs/OSWRCRA/non-hw/procure/paper/ paper, particularly recycled content papers that are also recyclable. The site includes product descriptions and an environmental infor- THEKING COUNTY (SEATTLE,WA)PURCHASING AGENCYprovides histo- mation page with extensive links to other relevant sites. ry and experience with recycled papers from King County's very successful recycled product procurement program. Includes local http://www.deltapaper.com contract information as well as model contracts, specifications and DOMTARmanufactures fine papers, including 100% postconsumer. policies. Its site includes sections on how a photocopier and laser printer http://www.metrokc.gov work.

PROGRESS IN PAPER RECYCLING magazine presents highly technical http:/lwww.domtar.com information about malung recycled paper. GILBERTPAPER manufactures cotton and recycled papers. http://www.execpc.com/-ncuilfYncdlservices/ p pr/ http:l/www.editelchi.com/gilbert/ THERECYCLED PAPER COALITION, founded by Bank of America, GREENFIELD PAPERCOMPANY specializes in organic cotton paper. Pacific Gas & Electric and several other major corporations, now 1LINKScolorgnvn.hun1 has over 200 companies and organizations nationwide committed http://www.simplelife.com/organiccotton/3 to buying recycled paper, reducing waste and collecting office The web site for JAMES RIVER EUREKA! includes a description of the paper for recycling. Its web site presents information on the recycling process at James River's Halsey, Oregon deinking mill. Coalition and its chapters. http://www.eurekarecycled.com http://www.BarnkAmerica.com/community/env-p3.html LIVINGTREE PAPER COMPANY provides tree-free paper, including paper RETHINK PAPER, a project of Earth Island, provides information on made with hemp pulp. tree-free paper, including factsheets on kenaf and hemp. There is also a listing of ecological paper retailers, printers and manufactur- http://hempnet.com/livingtree ers, by state. PAPERTECH is a distributor of environmentally ftiendly coated papers in http://wwcv.earthis!and.org/ei/paperIrtp. html the south and southwest U.S., serving the graphic xts community.

Look to the SiMnELiFE site for information on organic cotton and http://www.papertechinc.com/papertech/ paper made with agricultura! residues. PCW~OOis a printer that specializes in 100% postconsumer recy- http://www.simplelife.com . cled paper, as well JS other environmentally sound sheets. It is now stocking kenaf paper on the East Coast. http://www.pcwlOO.com PAPERCOMPANIES AND PRINTERS THERECYCLED PULP & PAPERCOALITION lists many grades and brands THE AMERICANFOREST AND PAPERASSN. is the trade association for of recycled papers available. paper manufacturers. http://www.recycledpulp.com http://www.afandpa.org/Paper/index.html UNION CAMP includes information on How Paper Is blade, Fiber THEPULP AND PAPERJUMPLIST, started as a personal database by a Recycling, and Ozone Bleaching. paper industry employee and now available on the Internet, is a http://www.unioncamp.com + good place to start for paper company information and links to . d Checklist: More Than Three Dozen wdys To Buy Environmentally Sound Paper Even When Prices Are High

USE SOURCE REDUCTION: Pzlrcbase Less, Save More 0 Adopt double-sided billing for bills, applications, licens- E LI M IN AT E es, and other paper-intensive activities. 0 Consolidate forms. 0 Use your computer to eliminate paper: + Write communications on letterhead templates in your word 0 Consolidate multiple checks to individual vendors and bills processing software. Incorporate an always-up-to-date letterhead to individual customers. Also reduces envelope purchases. design on all YOUF letters and eliminate outdated, leftover stock. 0 Provide half-size sheets for short memos and letters. + Print forms and memos directly from the computer instead 0 Reduce printing paper basis weight. Saves both paper of using pre-printed forms. . and postage costs. + Preview database and spread sheet printouts on your screen 0 Reduce size of printed piece (but make sure you don’t to ensure best use of computer paper. increase the amount of trim waste created). Work with + Send and receive faxes from your computer instead of using your printer and designer to determine the best size for print-outs. maximizing use of parent sheets for printing. + Use e-mail instead of memos and faxes. 0 Reduce font size and margins. Transfer documents on disk or through e-mail for editing + 0 Purchase printers and copiers that can easily duplex. and review. Program the defaults to double-sided. + Offer annual reports and major documents on disk to interested recipients. REUSE + Develop an Internet web page for frequently requested 0 Use the blah sides of unneeded single-sided copies for information. printing drafts. 0 Eliminate unnecessary copies on multi-part forms. 0 Use inter-ofice envelopes with address lines on both Print instructions and necessary information on the back sides, then put labels over them when they fill up and to eliminate pages. send them out again. 0 Share; 0 Reuse incoming envelopes in good condition for your + Post messages on bulletin boards. own correspondence. Use large address labels to cover + Use routing slips rather than individual copies. over the original information. + Have several people edit the same copy of a document using CHANGE SPEC I F ICAT1 0 N S different colored inks. 0 Reduce the paper grade by giving up a little brightness 0 Paper Faxes: or opacity. Use plain paper faxes to eliminate the need to copy thermal + 0 Use groundwood papers when appropriate. Make sure it faxes. can be recycled in your sytem. + Use fax stick-on labels instead of cover sheets. 0 for closeouts. Buy discontinued grades or odd-lot + Program your fax to eliminate confirmation sheets. Look papers from job-lot wholesalers and discount paper suppliers. 0 Review distribution lists frequently. + Eliminate outdated or unnecessary destinations. TAME ADVANTAGE OF THE MARKET + See if destinations with many recipients will route fewer 0 Sell your recyclable wastepaper to offset higher recycled copies instead. paper prices. - 0 Carefully calculate quantities to avoid excess which 0 Invest source reduction savings in environmentally takes upstorage space and may spoil. sound paper for the rest of your paper needs. . 0 Enter into cooperative purchasing agreements with other . REDUCE agencies or jurisdictions. - 0 Use two-way envelopes with self-contained enclosures. 0 Use paper specifications consistent with large purchasers Saves paper, inventory, warehousing, handling, printing in your area so that distributors can bring in larger lots. and labeling costs. _I_____-I______I_

0 Use both sides of the sheet of paper, whether for copy- Adapted fiom “source Reduction Opportunities, ” by Susan Kinselkz and ing or printing. (Check for high opacity on lighter weight Nancy KzndenBerg, in Resourceful Purchasing: A Hands-on Buyers printing sheets.) Manual, by Marketsfor Reqycled Products, for Alameda County (CA) Source‘Reductionand Recycling Board.

0 Commatree Greenline 25 And without specific data, how are we to know what’s really going Buy Recycled Programs: on and what it means, or whether increases in dollar sums are because of increased recycled product purchasing or higher prices? Strength In Numbers Good reporting requirements include data broken down by product categories and units whenever possible, indicate recycled uy Recycled programs range from national to regional to and postconsumer content, and provide a context for how the industry-specific, and from minor expectations to detailed recycled purchases compare to non-recycled. requirements. Some organizations join out of true commit- THEMARKETPLACE ment to the environment while others are interested only in Some Buy Recycled programs meet additional needs such as col- improved public relations. Each program has a unique impact on laborating on solving specific problems. All rely on “the market- the market. Collectively they intensify the power of the message to , place” and the expectations of “supply and demand to turn their manufacturers to invest in recycled product production. . purchasing power into demand strong enough to convince manu- COMMITMENT facturers to meet their needs. You don’t need to join a group to Ineffective programs direct their members simply to “try” to buy have a successful Buy Recycled program. But joining a program ’ recycled whenever possible. These are the programs that say, essential- lets you publicly add your buying power to that of many others in ly, “when all else is equal, buy recycled.” But “all else” is never equal. persuading manufacturers to make the recycled products that are “Relative” programs direct their members to, essentially, “buy more essential to our future. + recycled than last year.” The starting point and the purchasing goals are left up to each individual member and can vary widely...... ’...... The most serious Buy Recycled programs have “absolute” goals, . directing their members to buy recycled for at least a specific per- Variations On the centage of their purchases, with percentage increases over time.

STANDARDSAND DEFINITIONS Buy Recycled Theme The least demanding-and least meaningful--programs offer no uy Recycled Programs vary in their goals as well as their definition of recycled products. Individual members can classify their specifics. Several programs urge business and government purchases as “recycIed according to any crireria they want. Lack of buyers to increase their recycled product purchases. Most standards allows participation from a wide range of perspectives and offer workshops and literature to help them do it. They may commitments to reqcling, but results are less effective.’ require members to meet a minimum recycled content standard Programs with “relative” definitions require some minimum and provide annual reports, although both are usually minor. standard, often a percentage of postconsumer, but the amount is Different from most buy recycled programs, the Mobro usually low. While this approach assures both wide availability and Principles is the only one with abdolute standards and goals, pro- a meaningful requirement, it may set a very low ceiling on recycled moting high recycled content and serious purchasing requirements. content if mills decide that’s all they have to achieve, rather than Among more traditional programs, the National Recycling the floor that was intended. Coalition’s Buy Recycled Business Alliance is the largest, reporting The most serious programs require significant but achievable more than $9 billion in members’ recycled product purchases and amounts of postconsumer content and increase the percentages manufacturing materials. The Recycled Paper Coalition sets a mini- over time, either in an escalating requirement or by giving price mum 20% postconsumer content ideal standard and also offers preferences for higher amounts. as an problem-solving workshops for recycled product purchasing. The REPORTING National Office Paper Recydig Project strives to maximize ofice Some programs require no reporting of levels of achievement or, recycling and minimize waste. Both the U.S. Environmental if they require it, ignore widespread failures to report. Protection Agency and the state of Minnesota have WasteW$E pro- Others request reporting but do not acquire meaningful data. grams which include buy recycled activities as part of their primary To be sure, methods of reporting are still in development and have focus on waste reduction. Members of Green Seal’s Environmental been difficult to evolve. Even automated purchasing departments P&ers program commit to buying Green Seal-approved products as usually have no mechanism for tabulating recycled product pur- well as other environmentallypreferable products. chases. Decentralized purchasing makes data collection very diffi- Several industries, most notably Silicon Valley computer compa- cult. Vendors sometimes refuse to provide purchasing history nies and the Los Angeles film industry, have formed environmental

details, although more are now providing reports. Some compa- task forces including many companies with the same needs and - nies are unwilling to release specific data about purchasing units industry characteristics. Members of the Goods Assessment sub- and prices for fear of revealing proprietary information. committee of the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television But reports that indicate only lump-sum dollar amounts, with Producers’ Solid Waste Task Force advance their efforts to buy no context indicating which types of items were recycled or the environmentally sound products by sharing information on manu- percentage of recycled purchases to non-recycled, are limited in facturers and distributors and discussing issues with specific prod- usefulness. If the reports don’t show manufacturers how great is the ucts in roundtable discussions. + demand for a product they might make, they are not persuasive.

26 March 1997 Annual Guide to Environmentally Sound Paper . I I

BUY RECYCLEDPROGRAMS AT A GLANCE

PROG&AW(S"ARTED) MEMBER PRODS GOALS COMMlTMENT STANDARDS REPORTS ASSIsTANCE 5PONSORICONTACT SHIP ,COV'D Mobro Principles (1992) National, Paper, Preiwrve resources, 60% of ~urchasesto PrintingAVriting No Conservatree's Greenline, Conservatree, Paper Guide to Environmentally Environmental Action A=" Sound Papers, Green 415/433-1000x24 B=50/20 Paper issue analysis

Workshops, buying guide, quarterly newsletter, product fact sheets, construction guide, 703683-9025 grocery guide

Green Seal- One-page survey Green Buying Guides, certified or "en- media coverage, bgo, vironmentally monthly newsletter, link responsible" to website No, but No Awards, guidebooks,city encourages campaigns, publicity mini" 20% materials for Recycling Ai U.S. Conference of Mayors poetconsumer Work, success stories I I Minimum 20% I Annual, with I Presentations, problem- postconsumer tonnage, solving workshops, (ideal goal) postconsumer newsletter, annual report, content and annual meeting, e-mail narrative access with web page , member networking None, EPA Annual, result8 Technical assistance, guidelines of meeting recognition, product guidc encouraged company goals

None, but None. Members' workshops, technical encourages busing practices assietance, newsletters, members to buy tracked through recognition recycled. Gives semi-annual

Problem-dving . roundtables and meetie Environmental Product Labeling

here are no laws that tell printing towards multi-dimensional environmental as European nations both individually and and writing paper manufacturers product labeling that includes some aspects as a community, have developed voluntary what products they must make. of life cycle analysis (which attempts to mea- government labeling programs that incor- There are no laws telling private con- sure a product‘s impact from “cradle to porate a wider range of environmental sumers what types of paper they must buy, grave”). But in the U.S., virtually all the considerations based on some quantifiable -- except newsprint in a few states. Instead, states that formerly had labeling require- aspects of life cycle review. Canada, in par- the U.S. has chosen to rely on the “free ments stricter than the Federal Trade ticular, has taken the leqd with its “load market” to favor or reject new products Commission (FTC) environmental mar- point” system for tissue products, which and production processes. In theory, this keting claims guidelines have given up in measures a product’s environmental bur- gives enormous power to consumers to the face of industry pressure (spearheaded den in several categories. It is reviewing its make or break a. product. by the American Forest & Paper Associa- fine paper standards for adaptation to the In practice, though, consumer power is tion) to conform to weak “national stan- new system as well. limited by the choices and the amount and dards.” (See chart.) The FTC uses an The U.S. has no government-sponsored credibility of the information offered. At the essentially meaningless definition for “seal of approval” program for recycled very least, consumers need product labeling “recycled content” that requires no post- products. U.S. environmental labeling laws which is not misleading. Even berter, labels consumer content. focus only on single attributes and give should be informative. Better yet, consumers Many commenters urged the FTC, wide latitude to allowable information. should be able to compare two products that while it was considering revisions to the However, complaints are beginning to sur- appear similar. But this type of information guidelines, to add a requirement for prod- face that single attribute labels do not ade- is difficult to come by for environmentally ucts labeled “recycled to either contain quately inform consumers about a prod- concerned consumers because U.S. manu- postconsumer content or identify the per- uct’s overall environmental quality. facturers are regulated by so few labeling centage of postconsumer, even if it is zero. In the U.S., only private organizations are requirements and have such wide latitude. But the FTC declined. tackling the identification and balancing of more complex, multiple environmental U.S. PUBLICLABELING ~NITIATIVES ~NTERNATIONAL vs. US. impacts. Green Seal, a national nonprofit Canada and many Asian nations, as well Most other developed nations are moving organization, develops environmental standards for products through a public review process involving manufacturers, environ- mentalists, consumers and government agencies and then awards its seal-of-approval to products which have gone through its certification process. Scientific Certification Systems (SCS), a for-profit business, will substantiate single attributes for manufacturers wishing to certify particular claims. It also pioneered the “certified eco-profile,” a “report card that profiles a product‘s environmental burdens on a long list of indices, allowing consumers to weigh those which are most meaningfd to them.

f-USH FOR GLOBAL HARMONlZA7iCSN There has been some pressure on the FTC to harmonize U.S. labeling guidelines with developing international label-

ing standards. While an international net- - work of ecolabeling programs operates informally to attempt some cross-cultural harmonization between programs, the primary focus is the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in Switzerland. continued on page 29

28 March 1997 Annual Guide to Environmentally Sound Paper Green Printing

t takes more than using recycled papers with the highest avail- ; environmental benefits. Beware, though, of “phony” vegetable- able recycled and postconsumer content to be a “Green based inks, which have a low level of the vegetable-base mixed in IPrinter” in the ‘90s. A printer needs to consider a whole range with petroleum (see p. 17). of environmental issues, from fiber content to the solvents used to : The other concern with inks is their environmentally toxic metal clean equipment. content level. Many pigments contain significant pqrcentages of The real test is knowledge. Green Printers know their papers‘ recy- toxic metals, whether the base is petroleum or vegetable. This is a cled and postconsumer content and are clear on the definitions. They more difficult issue which requires printers to work with their ink understand recycled, chlorine-free and tree-free paper issues and they suppliers to identify pigments and inks without such high levels.

suggest environmentally sound paper alternatives to their customers. PRODUCTION PAPER Production processes are more environmentally sound when Printers buy approximately half the printing paper in the U.S. (the printers switch from solvent-based developers to aqueous-based balance is purchased by end-users) so they have a tremendous oppor- ones. Green Printers also reduce or eliminate alcohol from damp- tunity to support the market for environmentally sound papers. Green ening solutions:

Printers do more than simply respond to customers’ requests for recy- .CLEAN-UP cled, chlorine-free and tree-free papers. They recognize that recycled is Green Printers recover and recfcle the excess silver they use in mak- no longer a “boutique” paper. Its quality, availability and its increasing- ing photographic plates, recover and reuse waste ink, and monitor the ly competitive price qualify it in many grades as a standard workhorse. chemicals they use in order to reduce pollution. In many cases, the The same way that many governments now use recycled as their stan- solvents used to clean up after a print job are themselves sources of dard paper, Green Printers stuck recycled papers and use them as a volatile organic compounds, Low-VOC and protein-based solvents matter of course. They also have established reliable sources for chlo- can also help reduce VOC emission levels. Of course, recycling is an rine-free and tree-free papers and suggest them when appropriate. integral part of an environmentally sound printshop, with all INKS wastepaper, metal plates and film recycled. Inks are another major environmental concern. Standard petrole- COMMUNITYINVOLVEMENT um-based inks are made from a non-renewable resource, are not i Last but not least, Green Printers demonstrate their commitment biodegradable and release volatile organic compounds (VOCs), a ; by donating money, services and time to environmental efforts. major contributor to air pollution. Many of these steps are not only environmentally sound, they Environmentally concerned printers use vegetable-based inks are also more cost-effective and create a safer work environment. which contain a much lower level of VOCs, instead. They don’t They are all part of being responsible not only for environmental just use vegetable inks for customers who ask for them. They make quality but also for the quality of the surrounding community. them their standard inks and educate their customers about the

continuedfiom page 28 and refill, reuse or recycle it and authorizes offering little of the information that recy- Multi-national U.S. companies are sub- consumers to leave excess packaging in the cled paper buyers want and private label- ject to many different labeling require- stores where they bought the products. ing programs cover only a limited number ments. They want global standards so that Many U:S. multinational companies are of products, how can buyers assure them- they can make their labels consistent already complying with international selves that they’re getting the most envi- across all their markets rather than manu- requirements for manufacturer responsibility, ronmentally sound products possible? facturing or labeling by many different including reducing packaging and using Buyers can research the papers they plan. criteria country-by-country. However, . refillable-bottlesin some countries, at the to buy as thoroughly as possible, including- meaningful access to the IS0 process is so same time that they refuse such accommo- using product guides such as this one. - expensive that very few non-corporate dations here. The U.S. Conference of They can check whether papers have been entities can afford to participate in meet- Mayors has called for a study of manufactur- certified by Green Seal, SCS or others. ings all over the globe. Yet there is increas- er responsibility rules tailored to the unique Major buyers, in particular, can influence ing pressure on the U.S. to conform, even U.S. solid waste management system in manufacturer decisions on what feedstocks when international standards are weaker. order to reduce the enormous financial bur- and processes they use to make their c Some international programs, however, go den the U.S. production system places on papers. But for the most part, U.S. pur- far beyond anything contemplated in the local govemments to recycle, landfill or chasers are left to rely on manufacturers’ U.S. and require that manufacturers take incinerate consumer discards. voluntary labeling. This makes the FTC’s ...... responsibility for the life cycle impacts of __---- , ____ _--__-meaning- their products. Germany in particular, we lamentable. e requires companies to take back packaging

0 Conservatree 29 Exploding the Myths: Part X

~ ______--- I._-__._ The conversion of many newspapers to high- In 1990, we wrote a very popular article on recycledpaper in a question and answer format for er recycled percentages also created a market Garbage Magazine. Continuing that dialogue, this column is designed to answer your questions for old magazines, which the newsprint mills on environmentally sound paper. want for their groundwood fiber and - _____I______I I_-______--_.--__ -. enhancement of deinking efficiency. MYIIi: Since coatedpapers are being MYTH: Recycled papers still don’t perform tor to blame recycled paper for problems recycled, uncoatedpapers are no longer well in copiers. in the machine. Insist that they fix it or environmentally preferable. REALITY: In the early years of recycled change contractors. @ Note On Warranties Same warranties REALITY: It is still better to use uncoated paper it was often the case that recycled - still forbid using recycled paper. Challenge papers whenever possible. Uncoated recy- copy paper did not perform as well as vir- copier and service companies that include cled papers have significantly higher recy- gin paper in copiers - primarily because such outdated language and insist that they cled content than most coated recycled the mills making the recycled paper were or lease a copi- papers. Up to half of a coated sheet’s bulk not experienced in making copy paper. change it. Next time you buy er, include in your specifications the require- consists of the coating. Since recycled con- But in a major breakthrough more than tent percentages are based only on the 10 years ago, Conservatree introduced the ment that it be guaranteed to use recycled paper. Many governments include such fiber in the sheet, a coated sheet with first high-speed recycled copy paper made requirements in their bids and get guaran- “20% recycled content” has far less actual by a mill that also made copy paper for tees even from the companies that supposed- recycled fiber than an uncoated sheet with Xerox. Conservatree supplied virtually all ly forbid recycled paper in their warranties.] the same label. the copy paper used by agencies of the Also, uncoated wastepaper will always be State of California. And since that time Aging Paper -Are you using paper that preferable to coated in your recycling collec- more and better recycled papers have been was stored for many months or a ream that has been open for several weeks? Paper is an tion system because it has more fiber, less introduced. ink coverage and less clay and fillers. This Consider this: Millions of copiers, many organic material and it picks up moisture and dust from the air. If this paper is jam- means that the uncoated sheet you use today of them probably identical to yours, are is far more likely to get recycled tomorrow successfully running recycled paper; the ming, it’s not an issue of recycled vs, virgin, than any coated sheet, multiplying environ- major equipment manufacturers state that it’s an issue of old vs. new paper. If you’re using a high speed copier, be mental savings mariy times over. copier jams are not attributable to recycled paper; and some copier manufacturers sure you’re using a high speed recycled copy M YI’H: There? no environmental dzfference include in their design specifications the paper. But if you are still having problems, between using traditional ofice paper and requirement that their machines handle a try a different brand recycled paper, just the less expensive groundwood paper for my wide variety of recycled papers. Xerox same as you’d try a different brand virgin copier and computer printer. paper if it were causing jams. There are even markets its own name-brand recycled RFALI’IY:The environmental reality is many high quality recycled copier paper copy paper, made by many paper mills mixed. “Groundwood paper is made brands to choose from. One of them almost around the country, most of which also through a different process than most of the assuredly will work for you. sell high quality recycled copy paper other papers in your office. It is similar to under their own brand names. MYTH: Coatedpapers can’t be recycled. newsprint and yellows and ages the same If you are using one of the many excel- RhALITY:Coated papers could always be way because it has high lignin content (the lent, high quality recycled copy papers recycled but up until a few years ago, they material that creates the tree’s structure). now on the market, the paper-jam prob- had no recycling market. Printing and Most office and printing papers are made in lem is probably not due to recycled paper. writing paper mills did not want coated a “kraft” papermaking process which cooks Instead, look for other sources: paper as a recycled feedstock because it the tree down into its usable parts, eliminat- Machine Condition -Sometimes the has less fiber to be reused, often has heav- ing lignin from the pulp. machine’s tolerances need to be reset to ier ink coverage, and its coating requires The groundwood process uses tree accept a wider variety of paper. The machine greater Gleaning and care in sludge dispos- resources more efficiently and the paper in general may need repairs or overhauling. al. Magazine paper (referred to as coated often has high recycled content, is good Technical Pro$ciency - Sometimes ser- groundwood paper) contains groundwood quality, and costs less than other office vice technicians don’t know how to prop- which is a contaminant in printing and papers. But many users are having difficulty erly fix your copier or it may take more writing mill operations. getting it recycled. Kraft, or “free sheet,” time and effort than they want to invest. But in times of tightened wastepaper papers must meet specifications of less than If you’re using a high quality recycled copy markets, many printing and writing mills 10% (and often much lower) groundwood paper, do not allow your service contrac- accept some coated freesheet wastepaper. continued on page 31

30 March 1997 Annual Guide to Environmentally Sound Paper Source-Reduction: Preventing Wmte From the Sturt ave made great strides in integrating recycled paper streamlining (reviewing distribution lists for documents and fax). co our economic and production systems. But we TWO-WAYENVELOPES ave skipped over another important step. The solid One important product allowing for source reduction is two-way waste hierarchy starts with Reduce. Clearly, preventing waste from envelopes. These can help organizations with return mailings, ever happening is an even higher environmental goal than recycling whether billing payments, direct mail responses, or other uses, to the waste that is left over. significantly reduce paper use. Major companies such as Federal Businesses and governments have been focused on many aspects of Express are realizing financial savings as well as increased efficiency ‘ waste prevention far the past few years, for economic even more than and environmental advantages by sending returnable envelopes. environmental reasons. But most of this effort has focused on waste Dual-purpose envelopes are less expensive than the combined cost a$er it happens. Buyers have been largely overlooked as key players in of outgoing #10 and #9 reply envelopes. They also reduce invento- the effort to reduce waste. Yet their choices can greatly reduce the ry, warehousing and handling costs and save a station on mecha- waste within an organization and even affect manufacturing decisions. nized inserting machines. Some two-way envelopes combine space The Paper Buyer’s Checklist (p. 25) suggests many ways to elimi- for a letter, questionnaire, or returnable billing form in the pack- nate or reduce paper use. Sometimes paper reduction requires age. Some versions save on printing costs as well. + switching to specific products, such as fax labels instead of cover sheets, or inter-office envelopes with address lines on both sides. Other times paper use can be reduced simply in the way equipment is used, such as double-sided copying and using computers more efficiently. Sometimes purchasers must collaborate with others within the organization to develop broad-based support for practices that require less paper. Examples of such practices might be sharing (post- ing messages on bulletin boards, using routing slips for publications and document; instead of making individual copies, maintaining central filing systems), consolidation (reducing page margins, match- ing brochure design to the most efficient printing paper size), using scrap paper (for copy and printing drafts, telephone messages), and

connnued from page 30 forms just like virgin paper, with a wide chlorine-free (PCF) but not all TCF or content, so recycled printing and writing range of grades of papers and “looks” to PCF papers are unbleached. mills do not accept groundwood wastepapers. choose from. Most recycled paper today is Both virgin and recycled fibers can be You might think that office groundwood very clean-looking, in several shades of processed in one of four ways: 1) no could be recycled with newsprint, which it white and a wide range of colors. Some do, bleaching at all; 2) bleached without using more closely resembles. But deinking sys- to be sure, have “specks” that people associ- chlorine or chlorine derivatives; 3) tems in newsprint mills are not equipped to ate with “recycled.” Actually, in most cases bleached using chlorine derivatives (but deal with the toner used in copiers and laser those specks (ecology spots) have been spe- not elemental chlorine); 4) bleached with printers, since this is not a contaminant in cially designed into the paper because it‘s a elemental chlorine. Both (1) and (2) are their primacy wastepaper source. hot designer look, and virgin papers are “totally chlorine-free.’’There are no signif- Many ofices have found their income copying the appearance as well. There are . icant environmental advantages between from recycling cut drastically when their also some postconsumer-content papers that (1) and (2), but both are significantly wastepaper has been downgraded or even are not deinked. Those papers show the superior to (3) and (4). refused because of high groundwood content. - postconsumer inks as little flecks. MYTH: ‘2cid-fiee”papersare environmen- You may have to search for a recycler who Unfortunately, there is no “test” to make tally prefkrable. will take your groundwood office paper and sure a paper is recycled, short of hiring a cer- then train your employees to keep it separate KEALI’I’V: “Acid-free’’ refers to the pH tification company to investigate the manu- - from your other office papers. However, the facturer‘s records and procedures. If you can’t properties of paper, which is a good indi- high recycled content and lower cost for recy- afford that, use a reliable product guide to cator of a paper’s permanence (how long it cled groundwood paper might make this a find out which papers are recycled. will last before discoloring), but has little worthwhile option fir you. to do with environmental benefit. “Acid- MYTH: “Totally chlorine-jee”(TCF) means free” (minimum pH 7.5) has nothing to MYTH: You can tell a paper is reveled by the paper is unbleached. do with whether the paper is recycled or counting the pecks in it. R1:ALlTY: All unbleached papers are not, or whether it is chlorine-free. + REAL11 ’L: Recycled paper looks and per- totally chlorine-free (TCF) or processed

0 Conservatree Greenline 31 The History of the World According to Conservatree

YEAR A.D 105 Paper perfected by Ts’ai Lun, Official in Chinese Royal 1985 Conservatree introduces the first recycled high speed Court. First paper was made half from rags and old copy paper. fishing nets and half from hemp and China grass. (We 1987 Mobro barge captures headlines around the nation, call this paper “Tree-Free PCF 50% PC With A prompting a flood of recycling legislation on state and Buzz.”) local levels. 450 Printing invented in China - first printing is on recy- 1989 Conservatree introduces first recycled coated paper and cled paper. first recycled 25% rag bond paper. 1031 Japanese begin making new paper out of wastepaper 1990 Fresh Kills Landfill site becomes the largest human- - without deinking or bleaching. . made object on earth - surpassing even the Great Wall 1666 English Parliament passes law forbidding the use of of China in volume. cotton or linen for burying the dead in order to save 1990 California passes the first U.S. labeling law requiring the material for paper mills. 10% postconsumer content in recycled paper. 1690 First paper mill in U.S. built in Philadelphia - mak- 1993 Conservatree announces the Mobro Principles, a ranking ing recycled paper from used rags. system for recycled papers. 75 companies and organiza- 1840 First process developed for making paper from wood tions agree to meaningful content requirements for at least PdP. 75% of their printing and writing paper purchases. 1944 34% of all U.S. paper comes from wastepaper. 1993 Conservatree participates in White House Summit on 1973 Nixon’s newly formed EPA announces the U.S. has a recycled paper. White House issues Executive Order solid waste problem and the only solution is to create requiring federal agencies to purchase recycled paper markets for recycled products. with at least 20% postconsumer content, catalyzing 1974 EPA produces a study showing recycled paper con- building of many new printing and writing deinking sumes less energy and water, and produces fewer toxic mills. . emissions, than the manufacture of virgin paper. 1995 Continuing with its educational focus, Conservatree 1976 Conservatree founded. Helps draft and enact State of replaces ESP News with Greenline, the most informed, California recycled paper procurement legislation. First experienced -.and opinionated! - guide to environ- preference law funded by sales of the state’s own mentally sound papers. Conservatree’s 20th Anniversary features a U.S. recycled wastepaper far recycling. 13 recycled printing and I 1996 writing mills have their own deinking facilities. printing and writing paper market far beyond where it 1980 Only 19% of U.S. paper comes from recycling. was in 1976. + .....,...... *...... ,...... *.,...... ~..~...... ~.. Conservatree BULK RATE 10 Lombard Street, Suite 200 U.5. POSTAGE

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