Energise Galashiels – Hydropower Feasibility Study
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Energise Galashiels – Hydropower Feasibility Study February 2016 Document type: Report v3.0 Client: Energise Galashiels Client contact: Ranald Boydell Title: Energise Galashiels – Hydropower Feasibility Study Date: 13/02/2016 Author: Euan Hogg QA: Stan Johnston Author contact details Email: [email protected] Telephone: 0131 202 1020 Contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................... 5 1. Introduction ..................................................................................... 6 1.1 Background to the Project ........................................................................ 6 1.2 Scope of Report ........................................................................................ 6 1.3 Hydro development in Scotland ............................................................... 6 2. Constraints ....................................................................................... 7 2.1 Flood Risk .................................................................................................. 7 2.2 Water Resource ........................................................................................ 7 2.3 Fish Protection .......................................................................................... 7 2.4 Planning Requirements ............................................................................ 8 3. Site Development Potential .............................................................. 9 3.1 Main Elements of a Hydropower Scheme ................................................ 9 3.2 Flow .......................................................................................................... 9 3.3 Head .......................................................................................................... 9 3.4 Turbine Types ........................................................................................... 9 3.5 Turbine Selection .................................................................................... 10 4. Hydrological Assessment ................................................................. 13 4.1 Legislative Background ........................................................................... 13 4.2 River Morphology ................................................................................... 13 4.3 Flow Assessment .................................................................................... 14 4.4 Power Generation Potential ................................................................... 15 5. SEPA CAR Screening Checklist ........................................................... 18 5.1 The Mill Lade .......................................................................................... 18 6. Risks to the Water Environment & Mitigation Measures ................... 20 6.1 Typical Construction Method Statement ............................................... 21 7. Site visits and Site Descriptions ........................................................ 24 7.1 Site Visits ................................................................................................. 24 7.2 The Mill Lade .......................................................................................... 24 7.3 The Gala Water ....................................................................................... 39 7.4 The Buckholm Lade ................................................................................. 43 3 Energise Galashiels – Hydropower Feasibility Study 8. Structural Engineering Survey of the Mill Lade .................................. 45 8.1 Introduction and Purpose ....................................................................... 45 8.2 Town Mill Lade Background ................................................................... 45 8.3 Summary of Findings and Remedial Works Required ............................ 46 8.4 Description of Defects and Recommended Actions ............................... 46 8.5 Cost Estimates ........................................................................................ 49 8.6 Buckholm Lade Cost Estimate ................................................................ 50 8.7 Summary and Conclusions ...................................................................... 50 9. Economic Evaluation ........................................................................ 51 9.1 Electricity connection ............................................................................. 51 9.2 Operational Costs ................................................................................... 51 9.3 Income .................................................................................................... 51 9.4 Financial Returns – Mill Lade .................................................................. 52 9.5 Financial Returns – Gala Water .............................................................. 53 9.6 Financial Returns – Buckholm Lade ........................................................ 54 Appendix 1 – Detailed Descriptions of the Lade by Chainage ........................... 55 Appendix 2 – Town Lade Refurbishment Costings ........................................... 63 Galashiels Town Lade Refurbishment .................................................................... 63 Buckholm Lade Refurbishment .............................................................................. 64 Appendix 3 – Hydro Power Systems Costings .................................................. 66 4 Energise Galashiels – Hydropower Feasibility Study Executive Summary Scotland & the UK is seeing a rise in the number of small scale hydro electric projects being implemented which are being driven by the following factors: 1) In May 2011, the Scottish Government’s 2020 renewable electricity target was raised to 100%; 2) The Feed-In-Tariff (FITs) scheme was introduced on 1 April 2010. The aim of this was to encourage small-scale (under 5MW) low-carbon energy generation particularly by groups such as communities, businesses and individuals not normally engaged in the electricity market, and The Borders is a region that was built on its water courses and much of the infrastructure used to power the textiles industry still remains but has fallen into disrepair. The Energise Galashiels Community Group was established to harness the natural resources that surround the town as a source of renewable energy. As part of a success Local Energy Scotland Challenge Fund application, the Community Group was awarded grant funding to undertake a feasibility study of the hydropower potential of the community. The focus of the Group has been on re-establishing the town lade which runs through the Town Centre and offers of a number of potential micro hydropower sites utilising existing wheel pits. Investigation into re-establishing of the Buckholm Lade which runs to the north west of the town has also been considered. Finally the Gala Water, which runs through the centre of the town has also been considered for hydropower development. The Energise Galashiels Community Group will use the findings from this feasibility study to submit a Local Energy Scotland Challenge Fund Phase 2 application in February 2016. 5 Energise Galashiels – Hydropower Feasibility Study 1. Introduction 1.1 Background to the Project This report results from an instruction from the Energise Galashiels Community group to provide a feasibility appraisal of potential small hydro power sites along the Galashiels Mill Lade and the Gala Water as part of their objective for the community to be able to generate and use renewable energy for their long term and collective benefit. The purpose of the study is to support the Energise Galashiels Community group with a source of site-specific information on hydropower development. 1.2 Scope of Report The location of a number of potential sites has been identified, and preliminary calculations completed to give a guide to their viability for development. The scope of this report is therefore limited to: • Site identification; • Hydrology; • Power generation; • Land ownership; • Planning & environmental issues; and • Grid connection issues. It is envisaged that following review of this report the above issues can be addressed in a Feasibility Report for the selected sites. 1.3 Hydro development in Scotland The first hydropower plant for public supply in Scotland was in 1885 in Greenock, Renfrewshire, followed in 1890 by an 18kW scheme constructed by monks at St. Benedicts’s Abbey at Fort Augustus, both serving to demonstrate the resource potential and technical feasibility. The development of hydropower on a national scale following in the 20th Century, with an initial phase of private development supporting the aluminium smelting industry in the 1920’s, then the most significant expansion of hydropower in the 1950’s and 1960’s under the North of Scotland Hydro-Electricity Board (NoSHEB). In the fifteen year period from 1950 to 1965, 74 hydropower installations were constructed totalling over 950MW in capacity. With the increase in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from finite fossil fuels contributing to Climate Change, hydropower in Scotland over the last 25 years has undergone further expansion and an increased profile as a source of renewable energy under the climate agenda. With 3.3TWh in production and 1.4GW in installed capacity in 2010, as a contribution of total national electricity generation, Scotland is in the top ten hydropower countries worldwide. Hydropower