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The RAAF Airfield Construction Squadrons 1942-1974 David Wilson INDIAN OCEA~ R

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The RAAF Airfield Construction Squadrons 1942-1974 David Wilson INDIAN OCEA~ R The RAAF Airfield Construction Squadrons 1942-1974 David Wilson INDIAN OCEA~ r/ PACIFIC OCEAN -1 Air Power Studies Centre ALWAYS FIRST THE RAAF AIRFIELD CONSTRUCTION SQUADRONS 1942 - 1974 DAVID WILSON -Air Power Studies Cenae Copyright Commonwealth of Australia 1998 This work is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, or review as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any means without written permission. Inquiries should be made to the publisher. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Wilson, David, 1944- . Always first: the RAAF airfield construction squadrons 1941-1974 Bibliography Includes Index ISBN 0 642 26525 9 1. Air forces - Australia - History. I. Australia. Royal Australian Air Force. Air Power Studies Centre. D. Title. Published and distributed by: Air Power Studies Centre RAAF Base Fairbairn ACT 2600 Australia Telephone: (02) 62876563 Facsimile: (02) 62876382 e-mail: [email protected] Much has been spoken and much has been said Of our gallant heroes and our glorious dead Today as I wandered through dense jungle path My eyes met the scene of war S affermath As Istood for a moment and gazed at the crosses such is the price for even small losses They caredfor well thesefallen braves a neatly keptjlower grows on each grave One stands out upon my mind no differentfiom the rest Except I$nd no date, no name but he has had that tender care His comrades wishes and God's lastprayer Some will return heads held highfiom that long list of missing But his mother or sweetheart or wife will wait in vain for a lad they should be kissing Mother or sweetheart take cheerfiom my verse and be of brave heart I implore all that is possible has been done to carry his name to the fore. Reg Tennant, 1945 My link with the RAAF Airfield Construction Squadrons is very tenuous. I served at Darwin in the early 1960s on detachments from Williamtown, and became aware of men disembarking from the'unit Dakota every Friday evening. We were told that they were members of SACS and that they had just flown in from Tindal to be with their families for the weekend. We had heard that they were a strange lot, these construction bods; hard drinking, hard living, tough. The history of the Air Force Construction Units is one of toil and sweat, of personal resource and professionalism. During peace, members served in remote areas under harsh conditions. Familial pressures were high. The men undertook hard physical work to build the facilities which were, quite often, taken for granted by those who followed. Always First, the motto of SACS, is appropriate as a title for this work. As will be seen, construction units were the pioneers, often landing with assault troops to ensure that airfields were operational in the shortest possible time. Their work remained unsung. Often they had moved away before the main operational force deployed to the facilities that they had prepared. The Airfield Construction Squadrons were born of necessity, always understrength in men and materiel, and the recipients of plaudits and criticism. During the Second World War the attitude of the US Army was at times a threat to the future of the force. In post war years the organisation was based on shaky foundations and it may be argued that it was national commitments which reinstated the construction units in the RAAF order of battle in the early 1950s, and not the foresight of RAAF planners. The structure of this book was a problem. To undertake a simple chronology by squadron would have resulted in a book of unmanageable proportions and a mundane and repetitious treatment. I decided on a geographical approach with the intention of discussing the objectives and operations of units activities in the same area as a whole. I realise that this approach may make it difficult to follow the activities of an individual squadron, but I trust that the reader will find each chapter integrated into the overall picture. There are many people to thank and commend. Firstly Joy, my wife, who lived for almost two years with a combination of Airfield Construction history, various university seminars and assignments and periods alone as I sought evidence from inter-state and overseas. Also my staff at RAAF Historical have been a tower of strength. Mollie Angel, Janet Beck and Richard Bain undertook much of the mundane collection of records for me and have my gratitude. The RAAF Historian, Doctor Alan Stephens gave whole hearted support and valuable guidance. The maps were prepared by John Yialeloglou and Patsy Flint Richardson. Other individuals have my thanks for their cooperation and assistance: Mrs H. Goodman (for a copy of the diary of her father Lindsay Harold Hodges); Mrs P. and Mr G. Lings, the wife and son of Air Commodore P.G. Lings, who enabled me to access his personal papers, Squadron Leader Gary Westley, OC RAAF Museum for making facilities available to enable me to interview ex-Airfield Construction Squadron veterans, Monica Walsh (Research Librarian, RAAF Museum) and Flight Lieutenant S. Wright; R. Hand; K. Jack; L. Jubbs; E. McNab; Dennis Newton; A. Raymant and H. Tennant. The assistance of overseas colleagues is gratefully acknowledged: A. DiFante, USAF Air Force Historical Research Agency; John Greenwood, US Army Center of Military History; Mwin Gordon, Office of History, Headquarters US Army Corps of Engineers; Mr David Giordino, United States National Archives; Sebastian Cox and Graham Day, Air Historical Branch (RAF). This work would not have been completed without the assistance of the following ex-members of the RAAF's Airfield Construction Squadrons: F. Atkins; D. Anderson; G. Barlow; F. Beale; L. Bloom; 0. Brandt; C. Bower; F. Burke; F. Bumell; R. Campbell; L. Campbell; A. Clarke; G. Cob; A. Crowe; D. Dickson; C. Doughan; E. Edwards; H. Evans; W. Field; J. Fitzgerald; Rev A. Funnell; E. Graham; R. Gurevitch; A Harrington; D. Holdswortb; S. James; R. Johnstone; A. Johnston; H. Kay; S. Kildea; R. Lentfer; J. Lessels; R. Lopaten; W. McCaughan; B. McGuinness; R. Mott; B. Morrison; T. Mitchell; J. Nielsen; D. Nortbmore; E. Oliver; J. O'Toole; G. Park; A. Peake; D. Perry; J. Phillips; R. Provan; H. Parnell; R. Ramsay; N. Reichman; R. Rodgers; A. Robson; F. Satchell; M. Scott; M. Stanton; V. Stone; M. Summers; R. Tennant; K. Thomson; F. Tighe; K. Weaver; A. Welbourn; W. Woolfrey; A. Worrall; N. Wilckens; G. Wilson; 0. Wyatt; A. Wraight; H. Young. David Wilson Canberra January 1998 This book is about the Airfield Constrnction Squadrons (ACSs) which were units in the RAAF during the period 1942-1974. To some readers it may seem strange that an Air Force had construction units. This was not uncommon, as for instance both the RAF and the USAF had such units. The author served in the RAAF, but not with the ACS. On the basis of information derived by him from research of historical documents and interviews of ex-ACS personnel, he has written a comprehensive account; particularly, but not only, as regards where, when, and why events occurred. My foreword endeavours to complement the author's work by briefly elaborating on the what and who, and the service environment in which the ACSs operated. Since the time of the establishment of military flying activities at Point Cook in 1913, with the accompanying need for property acquisition and development of facilities, there have been few Air Force plans which have not had facilities implications. Whilst Always First is primarily concerned with the story of the ACSs, inevitably reference has been made to the Works (m RAAF parlance the term Works was sometime after the war replaced with Facilities) Staff at Air Force Headquarters. Their job was to provide the specialist engineering interpretation of Air Staff policy and plans, and functional control of their implementation, which may have been by service or civilian design and construction organisations. The Works Staff was placed on a discrete basis on 1 July 1925 with the establishment of the Directorate of Works and Buildings @W) which handled all works matters. Initially General Duties officers arranged the implementation of the facilities requirements for the RAAF. However, with the increasing demand at the beginning of World War I1 for ftnfher facilities, the need for specialist staff was recognised. In 1940 DWB had a staff of some 13 people, and the RAAF had no independent construction capability. The size of DWB grew from about 13 in 1940, to some 140 service personnel plus civilians in 1945. With reductions at the end of the war the total number of personnel in DWB in the mid 1950s fell to about 25. The program for replacement of wartime temporary facilities with new facilities, plus many other initiatives, ledto an increase in Facilities Staff and a change in the title of the director from Director of Works and Buildings to Controller of Works, to Director General of Accommodation and Works - Air Force, to finally Director General of Facilities - Air Force. By the late 1970s there were three Directorates within the Branch of the Director-General and some 60 service personnel and civilians. After exactly 72 years, on I July 1997 a separate and identifiable Air Force Facilities Branch within the Department of Defence organisationally disappeared, when all service and civilian staff were absorbed into the Defence Estate Organisation. Recognising that the RAAF is primarily organised to fly military aircraft and provide their logistic support, the speed with which the RAM in 1942 developed and deployed a construction capability was quite remarkable. Considerable skill must have been required to recruit specialist personnel and acquire the necessary works plant in competition with the Army and the Allied Works Council.
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