Initial Environmental Examination

Lalit Ghumti Road (Upgrading)

August 2017

NEP: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project

Prepared by District Coordination Committee (Lalitpur)- Central Level Project Implementation Unit – Ministry of Federals Affairs and Local Development for the Asian Development Bank.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Environmental Assessment Document

Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)

Lalit Ghumti Road (Upgrading)

August 2017

NEP: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project Loan: 3260 Project Number: 49215-001

Prepared by the Government of Nepal for the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

This Report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z

k|:tfjs of] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] uf]bfj/L gu/kflnsf–! -tTsflng uf]bfdrf}/ uf=lj=;_ sf] la;ªv'gf/fo0f :s"n b]lv uf]bfj/L gu/kflnsf–$ -tTsflng al8v]n uf=lj=;_ sf] n]n]e~HofË hf]8\g] !$=(*! ls=dL= nfdf] x/]s df};ddf rNg] ;8s k'glg{df0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf ug{ tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] . g]kfn ;/sf/, ;+l3o dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno, :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s ljefu (DoLIDAR) cGt/u{t Uf|fdL0f k'glg{df0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf cfof]hgf bf];|f] r/0fn] k|:tfljt pQm ;8ssf] k'glg{df0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf ug{ nfu]sf] xf] . pQm ;8ssf] sfo{Gjogsf] lhDd]jf/L lhNnfdf tTsflng lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, nlntk'/ -xfn lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, nlntk'/_ ePsf]n] nlnt 3'DtL ;8s -uf]bfdrf}/–uf]bfj/L–al8v]n–n]n]e~HofË ;8s v08_ pk–cfof]hgfsf] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fsf] k|:tfjs klg tTsflng lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, nlntk'/ -xfn lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, nlntk'/_ xf] . k[i7e"dL xfn g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nfufgLdf u|fdL0f k'glg{df0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf cfof]hgf bf];|f] r/0f (RRRDSP) sof{Gjog e} /x]sf] 5 . h'g @)!# df u|fdL0f k'glg{df0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf cfof]hgf (RRRDSP) sf] bft[ lgsfosf] ;+nUgtfdf ;+rfngdf /x]sf] lyof] / o; sfo{s|dsf] ;kmntf kZrft\ bf]>f] r/0fsf] sfo{qmdsf] tof/Lsf] r/0f s|ddf of] k|:tfj tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . bf]>f] r/0fsf] sfo{s|d @) lhNnfnfO{ ;8s ;~hfn lj:tf/ ug{ pb]Zosf ;fy ;~rfng ul/g nfluPsf] 5 . k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fsf] cf}lrTo jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)%$ -cg';"rL !_ cg';f/ lhNnf ;8ssf] lgdf{0f ug{ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f cfjZos /x]sf] 5 . of] cWoog k|ltj]bg g]kfn ;/sf/, ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yflgo ljsf; dGqfno sf] @)&!÷)!÷@( sf] ;rLj :t/Lo lg0f{o cg';f/ :jLs[t sfo{;"rL (ToR) sf] cfwf/df tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . sfo{;"rLdf o:sf] nDafO @% ls= dL= /x]sf] 5 h'g k|f/lDes ;j]{If0fsf] cfwf/df tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . t/ xfn !$=(*! ls=dL= ;8s dfq k'glg{df0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf x'g] ePsf]n] ;f]lx cg';f/ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg agfOPsf] 5 . k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fsf] p2]Zox? k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg cWoogsf] d'Vo p2]Zo pkcfof]hgf If]qsf] ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0fdf kg]{ k|efjx? kQf nufpg'sf ;fy} :ynut jftfj/0fdf kg]{ gsf/fTds k|efjsf] Go"lgs/0fsf pkfox? / ;sf/fTds k|efj a9fpg] pkfox? af/] ;'emfj lbg' tyf jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg of]hgf agfO{ sfof{Gjog u/fpg' /x]sf] 5 . cWog k|s[of @)&!÷)$÷#) b]lv ul/Psf] :ynut e|d0f tyf ;j]{If0fjf6 lnOPsf tYofÍ tyf cGo pknAw tYofÍx? s]nfP/ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L lgisif{ tyf ;'emfjx? lbOPsf 5g\ .

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page i

k|:tfjsf] ;fGble{stf

Uf|fdL0f k'glg{df0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf cfof]hgf bf];|f] r/0f (RRRSDP) n] o; ;8ssf] lgdf{0f ug{ nfu]sf] xf] . o; ;8ssf] k'g{:yfkgf tyf k'glgdf{0f af6 nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] k"j{ / pQ/ efusf dflg;x?sf] lhNnf ;b/d'sfd tyf b]zsf cGo efu;Fu ef}lts tyf cfly{s kx'Frdf ;xh x'g hfg]5 . cfof]hgfsf] ljBdfg jftfj/0fLo cj:yf k|:tfljt nlnt 3'DtL ;8s -uf]bfdrf}/–uf]bfj/L–al8v]n–n]n]e~HofË ;8s v08_ x/]s df};ddf rNg] ;8ssf] ?kdf :t/f]Ggltsf] nflu k'g{:yfkgf tyf k'glgdf{0f ug{ k|:tfljt ul/Psf] 5 . ;8ssf] rf}8fO{ ^=@% ld= / hDdf nDafO{ !$=(*! ls=dL=Pj+ ;8s pk–cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfut g]=? $@$,(*(,#%$=)& /x]sf] 5 h;df OlGhlgol/ª nfut g]=? @**,&(),$*&=!) /x]sf] 5 . of] ;8s ;d'b|L ;txb]lv !,$)# dL= sf] prfO{ -la;ªv'gf/fo0f :s"n_ af6 z'? eP/ ;dG'b|L ;txb]lv !,%$) dL= prfOdf /x]sf] n]n]e~HofËdf 6+'luG5 . o; If]qsf] clwstd tfkqmd udL{ dlxgfdf @@=&º ;] / Go"gtd tfkqmd hf8f] dlxgfdf !!=&º ;]N;Lo; /x]sf] 5 eg] cf};t jflif{s jiff{ !@(%=^% ld=ld= /x]sf] 5 . of] ;8s lghL hUuf tyf ;fj{hlgs hUuf eP/ hfG5 . ;8s lgdf{0fjf6 @=## x] -gofF s6fg_ lghL hUuf af6 / $=#^ x] -gofF s6fg_ ;fj{hlgs hUufaf6 gf]S;fgL eO{ ;8sdf kl/alt{t x'g]5 . cfof]hgf If]qsf] d'Vo ?v k|hfltx¿df pQL;, asfOgf], lkkn, cf]v/, kFo', c;f/] km"n, af;, enfof], lrnfpg], kmnf6, sfkmn, s6';, nK;L, cfFk, vGo', g;kftL, cf?, cu]/L, xf8L jo/ / ;Nnf /x]sf] 5 eg] :tg wf/L hgjf/x¿df :ofn, afb/, Gofp/L d';f cflb kfpF5g\ . k|:tfljt ;8s s'g} klg ;+/lIft If]q tyf dWojtL{ If]qdf leq gkg]{ b]lvG5 . k|efljt uf]bfa/L gu/kflnsfdf % j6f j:tLx?df s'n hg;+Vof @),%#@ 3/ w'/Ldf $,&%& /x]sf] 5 . oL j:tLx? uf]bfdrf}/, laz+v'gf/fo0f, uf]bfa/L, lsltgL / al8v]n x'g\ . pQm uflj;df (,(** k'?if ;fIf/ 5g\ eg] !),%$$ dlxnf /x]sf] b]lvG5 h;df ;/b/ kl/jf/ ;+Vofsf] cg'kft $=#% /x]sf] kfOG5 . ljleGg hfthfltx? If]qL, afXd0f, tfdfªx? cflb a;f]af; /x]sf] kfOG5 .

;sf/fTds k|efjx? oftfoft ;'ljwf ljsf;sf] ax'cfolds kmfObfx? /xg]5g\ . cfof]hgfaf6 tTsfn} x'g] nfedf :yfgLo hg;d'bfodf /f]huf/Lsf] >[hgf ub{5 . cfof]hgf ;~rfngsf] nflu !%,%@( hgf bIf / %#,*@@ hgf cbIf >dzlQmsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . o; r/0fdf x'g] cGo nfex/mdf Jofkf/sf] a[l4, pkcfof]hgfn] k|bfg u/]sf] zLkd'ns tyf hgr]tgfd'ns tflndsf] cj;/ kb{5g\ .

;8ssf] ;+rfngsf] cj:yfdf To; If]qdf vfBfgsf] cfk"lt{df ;'wf/ eO{ cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs :yfoLTj a9\g hfg]5 . ;fy} ;8s oftfoftn] ubf{ u|fdL0f e]ujf6 ahf/ If]q / ahf/ If]qjf6 u|fdL0f e]udf ;]jf tyf ;fdfgx?sf] cf];f/ k;f/ l56f], 5l/tf], ;'ne tyf ;:tf] x'g hfg]5 . uf]bfdrf}/ / al8v]n h:tf If]qdf ahf/ ljsf; eO{ oxfFsf afl;Gbfx?sf] hLjg :t/df ;'wf/ x'g hfg] ;Defjgf 5 . o;sf ;fy} ahf/ If]qsf] ljsf;n] ubf{ hUufsf] d"Nodf ;d]t j[l4 x'g hfg]5 .

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page ii

gsf/fTds k|efjx? ;8s lgdf{0f ubf{ ef}lts jftfj/0fdf kg]{ gsf/fTds k|efjx?df e":jfdLTjsf] k|of]udf jbnfj, r/0f, jfo' tyf kfgLdf k|b"if0f, vg]sf] df6f] hyfefjL kmflnbf kg]{ k|efjx? d'Vo 5g\ . o;} k|sf/ h}ljs k|efj cGtu{t yk )=$#* x]= jg gf]S;fgL x'g'sf] ;fy} jGohGt'sf] a;f]jf;df cK7\of/f] kg{ hfg]5 . o;sf ;fy} ;fd'bflos jg, wfld{s jg, /fli6«o jg af6 @!& / lghL hUufaf6 &^ u/L hDdf @(# ?v x6fOg]5g\ . cfof]hgf lgdf{0f sfo{af6 !@$ j6f JolQmut k"jf{wf/ tyf ^ j6f ;fd'bflos k"jf{wf/ x6fpg' kg]{ b]lvG5 .

;8s ;~rfngsf] r/0fdf ;jf/L ;fwgsf] cfjudgaf6, jiff{ofdsf] kfgLaf6 jf ?v lj/mjf sf6\bf cl:y/tf a9\g uO{ e"Io x'g ;Sg]5 . ;jf/L ;fwgsf] a[l4n] w'nf] tyf WjgL k|b'if0f a9\g]5 . ;sf/fTds k|efj a9fpg] pkfo 7]s]bf/ / sfdbf/sf nflu ljleGg jftfj/0fLo tyf hgr]tgf d"ns tflndx? -cfo cfh{g, OlGhlgol/u+ ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f tyf h}ljs k|ljlwsf sfd ;DaGwL_ lbO{g] 5g\ . ;8s lgdf{0fsf s|ddf sDtLdf @)% dlxnf ;xeflutf u/fpg k|f]T;fxg ul/G5 . gsf/fTds k|efj Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox? le/fnf] hldgnfO Aoa:yfkg ug{ jfof]OlGhgLol/Ë -h}ljs_ k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ul/g] 5 / To;}u/L tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf df6f] kmfNg] sfd ul/g] 5 . 6]jf kvf{n nufO{ df6f] pTvgg\ / kmfNg] sfo{nfO Aoa:yfkg ul/g] 5 . ;8sdf k/]sf] hUuf tyf cGo ;+/rgf, ;Dkltsf] k|fKtL tyf Ifltk"lt{ ;DjlGw s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\g 5'§} k'g{jf; of]hgf agfO{Psf] 5 . sfdbf/x?nfO{ sfdsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ ;'/Iffsf ;fwgx? -x]Nd]6, df:s, dkmN;_ lbO{g] 5 / sfdbf/sf] nflu vfg]kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ tyf c:yfO{ vfN6] rkL{ x? agfOg] 5g\ . ;fy]} kfgLsf] >f]tdf vlgPsf] df6f] kmflng] 5}g . sfdbf/x?sf] nflu cf}ifwL tyf b'3{6gf aLdfsf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .

;8s lgdf{0fsf] nfuL jg If]q k|of]hg ug{ lhNnf jg sfof{no -lh=j=sf=_ af6 l:js[tL lng' kg]{ 5 . o;} k|sf/, ;fd'bflos jgnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ :j?k %,$@% ?vx? -!M@% sf] cg'kftdf_ j[Iff/f]k0f u/fpg / % aif{ ;Dd ;+/If0f ug{ ;xof]u -;fd'bflos jgnfO{ cg'dflgt nfut g]?= **(,(&!=)) ;fy} :yfgLo jfl;GbfnfO{ &^ ?vx? !M! sf] cg'kftdf -cg'dflgt nfut g]? %,!^)=$) j[Iff/f]k0f ug{ ;xof]u lbOg]5 . ;fd'bflos jgnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ j[Iff/f]k0f u/fpg / % aif{ ;Dd ;+/If0f ug{ ;xof]uj[Iff/f]k0f ug{ ;xof]u lbOg]5 . o;} u/L JolQmut k"jf{wf/sf] Ifltk"lt :j?k g]? !*,*^!,*%@=%& tyf ;fd'bflos k"jf{wf/sf] Ifltk"lt :j?k g]? ^,((#,&$!=*( lbOg]5 .

;fj{hlgs k/fdz{ tyf ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ug]{ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tof/Lsf] nflu jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f P]g @)%#, jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f lgodfjnL @)%$ sf] cg';f/ !% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;'rgf cfly{s cleofg b}lgsdf lj=;+= @)&!. )#. @% df k|sflzt u/L ;DalGwt uf= la= ;=, gu/kflnsf, lh=j=sf=, tTsflng lh=lj=;=, ljBfno, :jf:y rf}sL tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf AolQm jf ;+:yfx?af6 /fo ;'´fa ;+sngsf] nfuL k|sfzLt u/l/Psf] lyof] . k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f agfpg] ;dodf ;8s lgdf{0f glhssf j:tLx?df, lzIfs tyf cGo

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page iii

:yfgLo AolStx?;Fu k|:tfjLt pkcfof]hgfaf6 kg{ hfg] ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds c;/ jf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg ;fj{hlgs 5nkmn u/LPsf] lyof] . o;}sf] cfwf/df k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg ;lxt g]kfnL sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z, ;sf/fTds k|efj a9fpg] pkfox? tyf gs/fTds k|efj Go'gLs/0f pkfox? / jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfkg of]hgf ;dfj]z u/L /fo ;'´fjsf] nfuL ;fj{hlgs ul/of] . o;}u/L ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yflgo ljsf; dGqfnoaf6 cfPsf] /fo ;'´fj ;dfj]z u/L k|fl/Des jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg :jLs[tLsf] nfuL k7fOPsf] 5 . l:js[t k|ltj]bg ;/f]sf/jfnf / cGo AolQm jf ;+:yfx?sf] kx'rsf] nfuL nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldtLsf] ;'rgf s]Gb|, ;+l3o dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno, :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s ljefu (DoLIDAR) / Uf|fdL0f k'glg{df0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf cfof]hgf (RRRSDP) sf] j]e;fO6df /flvg]5 . jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg of]hgf (Environmental Management Plan) o; k|ltj]bgdf jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg of]hgf cGtu{t cfof]hgfaf6 kg]{ ;+efljt c;/x?, c;/x?sf] k|efj, Go"lgs/0f ljlw, cg'udg ljlw tyf sfo{tflnsf k|:tfljt ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} Go'lgs/0fsf pkfox?sf] tyf cg'udg sfo{sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ lhDd]jf/ lgsfox?sf] klg klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . cg'udgsf nflu cfjZos ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs–cfly{s tyf ;fF:s[lts jftfj/0fsf ljleGGf cg'udg ;'rfÍx?sf] klg klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . ;d:6Lut ?kdf cfof]hgf :t/sf] cg'udg /fli6«o k'glgdf{0f k|flws/0f, dGqfnosf] jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg zfvfaf6 x'g]5 eg] pkcfof]hgf :t/sf] cg'udg k|To]s lhNnf :t/Lo sfo{Gjog zfvfdf /x]sf] jftfj/0fLo ;'/Iff sIf (Environmental Safeguard Desk) af6 x'g]5 . jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg of]hgf sfo{fGjog ug{ hDdf g]=? !^!,*#*,&#*=@( vr{ x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . h;dWo] ? !^),!)#,^)^=%$ l;len nfutdf ;dfj]z ul/;lsPsf] 5 . lgisif{ tyf ;'emfjx? nlnt 3'DtL ;8s -uf]bfdrf}/–uf]bfj/L–al8v]n–n]n]e~HofË ;8s v08_ pk–cfof]hgfsf] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgn] ;sf/fTds k|efjx? gsf/fTds k|efjsf] t'ngfdf j9L dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] / nfdf] ;do;Dd /xg] / gsf/fTds k|efjx? Go"lgs/0f ug{ ;lsg] s'/f b]vfpF5 . of] ;8s pkcfof]hgfsf] l:js[ltsf] nflu k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f kof{Kt /x]sf] 5 . k|efjx?sf] Go"lgs/0f / ;+nUg jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg of]hgf sfof{Gjog u/L k|:tfljt pkcfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ul/G5 .

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page iv

Executive Summary (English)

Proponent This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report has been prepared for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of 14.981 km long all weather district road connecting of Bisankhunarayan School of Godavari Municipality-1 (then Godamchaur VDC) and Lelebhanjyang of Godavari Municipality-4 (then Badikhel VDC) in Lalitur district. Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program, (RRRSDP) under Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development, Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads (DoLIDAR) is rehabilitating and reconstructing this road. The District Coordination Committee (DCC), then DDC is the implementing agency at the district level and the proponent of the IEE study for the Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) sub-project.

Background The Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program, (RRRSDP) phase 2 is a proposed follow-on program of previous RRRSDP under government of Nepal, the donor funded activities of which was successfully completed in June 2013. Having rewarding achievements, the Government of Nepal is planning to carry over the program into another phase. 2nd phase was conducted for extending the road facility to 20 districts.

Rationale of the IEE An IEE is a legal requirement as per the provision of Schedule 1 of Environment Protection Rules (EPR) and of Environment Protection Acts (EPA). This IEE report is prepared based on the Terms of Reference (ToR) approved on 12/05/2014A.D by the Secretary level decision of the Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development (MoFALD). The Length of Road in approved ToR was 25 km on the basis of initial survey. However, the implementing lengh of road is14.981 and IEE report has been prepared accordinlgy. Thus, final IEE report was submitted to Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development (MoFALD) for approval.

Objectives of the IEE study The main objective of the IEE study is to identify the impacts of physical, biological, socio- economic and cultural environment of the sub-project area. It also recommend practical and site specific environmental mitigation and enhancement measures, prepare and implement environmental management plan for the sub-project.

Study Methodology The findings and conclusions of the initial environmental examination report are based on the analysis of the information collected in the field from 15-August-2014 AD by undertaking a walk-through environmental survey along the proposed route and secondary information supplemented by the social and technical teams working on the resettlement survey and detail survey.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page v

Relevancy of the Proposal The proposed road is under construction of RRRSDP phase II. The reconstruction and rehabilitation of this road will provide physical and economical accesses to the people of north and east part to district headquarters and other parts of the country.

Description of the Project and its Environment The proposed Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) is a district road and has been proposed for rehabilitation and reconstruction of all time weather road. The road formation width is 6.25 m and total length of this road is 14.981 km with total project work cost is NRs. 424,989,354.07 of which NRs 288,790,487.10 is civil cost.

The elevation of road ranges from 1,403 masl at (Bisankhunarayan School) to 1,540 masl at Lelebhanjyang. This sub-project has maximum summer temperature is 22.70C and minimumwinter temperature 11.70C respectively. The average annual rainfall in the district is 1,295.65 mm. The road passes through private and public land area. From the private land 2.33 ha (new cutting) and 4.36 ha (new cutting) public land will be converted to the road built up area.

The major tree vegetation in the project vicinity are Uttis (Alnus nepalensis), Bakaino (Melia azaderach), Peepal (Ficus religiosa), Okhar (Juglans regia), Painu ((Prunus cerasoides), Aasare phool (Lagerstroemiasps.), Bamboo (Bambusa sps), Bhalayo, Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Phalat (Quercus lineate), Kafal (Myrica esculanta), Katus (Castanopsis indica), Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris), Mango (Magnifera Indica) Kainyu (Wendlandia puberula), Naspati (Pyrus communis), Aaru (Prunus persica), Aangari (Melastoma melabathricum), Hadibayer (Zizyphus incurva, Salla (Pinus roxburghii) etc. Jackal (Canis aureus), Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta), Nyauri Musa (Herpestes edwardsii) are the wild animals reported in the proposed road area. The road does not fall under any protected or buffer zone area.

The total populations residing in the 5 project VDCs are 20,532 in 4,757 Households. The settlements are Godamchaur, Bisankhunarayan, Godavari, Kitini and Badikhel. In these VDCs, male population is 9,988 and female population is 10,544 with an average household size of 4.35. Different caste like Chhetri, Brahmin, Tamang resides in this sub project.

Beneficial Impacts Transporatation facility benefits local people in various aspects. The immediate beneficial impacts from road development during the construction phase are employment opportunity (15,529 skilled and 53,822 unskilled person days). Other beneficial impacts include enhancement of local business, development in skills of affected people from skill developing training, awareness raising training and involvement in the construction of the project.

During operation stage, an improved road access will bring an improvement of food security situation and overall economic and social stability. The road will also provide cheap, safe and fast transport of goods and services from rural areas to urban centers and vice versa.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page vi

There is a possibility of increased economic opportunities and significant growth and extension of the local markets like Godamchaur, Badikhel. In addition, construction of road will lead to appreciation of land values particularly near the market and settlement areas.

Adverse Impacts The physical adverse impacts during construction of the road will be due to change in land ownership, air, dust and water pollution and hapzard spoil disposal. Similarly, biological impacts during construction will be loss of additional 0.438 ha forest area and disturbance to wildlife and bird habitat. Total of 293 trees, 217 from CFs, NF and RF and 76 trees from private land will be cleared.

During the construction of sub-project, 124 private infrastructures and 6 public infrastructures need to be removed.

During operation stage, vehicular movement, monsoon rain, grazing of animals and cutting of trees on the unstable slopes might result in slope instability and hence erosion and landslides might occur. Vehicular emissions will result in air and noise pollution.

Benefit Augmentation Measures Life skill training such as income generation activities, construction of soft engineering structures and bioengineering works for workers and contractors will be conducted. Awareness rising and environmental awareness trainings will be provided. More emphasis will be given to women workers as at least 20% workers should be women.

Mitigation Measures Bioengineering will be done to stabilize slopes and spoils will be disposed in identified spoil disposal sites. There is provision of toe walls for balancing cut and fill volume. for the private infrastructures compensation of NRs 18,861,852.57 and for the public infrastructures compensation of NRs 6,993,741.89 will be provided however a separate Resettlement Plan (RP) has been prepared to address land and property acquisition as well as compensation issues. The construction of road will be based on Contract. Affected families will be given high priority for employment and skill development trainings. The workers will be provided with helmets, masks, muffles depending on the nature of the construction work. Drinking water facility and temporary pit latrine will be constructed and disposal of excavated materials in the water bodies will be avoided. Workers will be provided with medicines and group accidental insurance facility.

Forestry clearance approval will be obtained from the District Forest Office (DFO) in order to fell tree from the construction site. CFUGs will be provided support through DFO for the compensatory plantation of 5,425 seedlings at the ratio of 1:25 compensation trees) and protection for 5 years (with estimated cost of NRs 889,971.00) in their CFs, RF and NF. Similarly, plantation of 76 trees (estimated cost is NRs 5,160.40) will be done in private lands (at the ratio of 1:1).

During operation stage, minor landslide and mass wasting will be immediately cleared and slope restored with appropriate technology. Appropriate sign boards will be erected informing drivers about prohibition of blowing horns in the forest areas and potential areas

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page vii

for wildlife crossing. For developing managed settlement, awareness programs will be conducted. Appropriate road safety measures will be applied.

Public Consultation and Information Disclosure In order to prepare the IEE of Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) sub-project, 15 days public notice was published on 09/07/2014 A.D in Arthik Abhiyan daily newspaper seeking written opinions from concerned Municipality (then VDCs), DCC (then DDC), DFO, CFUGs, schools, health posts and related local organizations. Public consultation was done with the local people living near the road, teachers and local leaders during the preparation of IEE report. Similarly, meetings were held with the local community in order to aware them of incoming road sub- project and to identify the possible beneficial and adverse impacts due to this sub-project.

IEE report along with executive summary, identified impacts, recommended benefit augmentation and mitigation measures and EMP was prepared in Nepali language for public disclosure. Likewise, after the incorporation of comments from MoFALD, final IEE report has been sent for approval. The approved IEE report will be accessible to interested parties and the general public through the information center of Lalitpur DCC and websites of MoFALD and RRRSDP.

Environmental Management Plan An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been proposed with present report including issues identified, possible effects and impacts, measures for their mitigation and monitoring method and schedule. Different monitoring indicators on physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment have also identified. Overall project level monitoring will be conducted through the environmental management section (EMS) of MoFALD whereas the sub-project level monitoring will be arranged through safeguard desk in each DTO. For theimplementation of EMP, total amount of NRS 161,838,738.29 has been proposed. Out of which NRs 160,103,606.54 has been included in civil work cost already.

Conclusion and Recommendation The IEE study of the proposed Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) sub-project reveals that the benefits from the implementation of the proposed road project are more significant and long term in nature against the adverse impacts most of which could be mitigated or avoided. Therefore, this IEE is sufficient for approval of the proposed road sub-project. This sub-project is recommended for the implementation with the incorporation of mitigation measures and environmental management.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page viii

ABBREVIATIONS

AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AP Affected Person CBS Central Bureau of Statistics CDC Compensation Determination Committee CDO Chief District Officer CF Community Forest CFUG Community Forest Users Group Ch Chainage CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CR Critically Endangered dB (A) Decibel (A) DIA Direct Impact Area DFO District Forest Office/Officer DoLIDAR Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads DOR Department of Road DPR Detail Project Report DRCN District Road Core Network DTO District Technical Office DoLIDAR Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Road DTICC District Transport Infrastructure Coordination Committee EA Executing Agency EFLG Environment Friendly Local Government Framework EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMG Environmental Management Guidelines EMP Environmental Management Plan EMS Environment Management Setion EN Endangered EPA Environment Protection Act EPR Environment Protection Rules ERMC Environment and Resource Management Centre ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework FGD Focus Group Discussion GESI Gender Equality and Social Inclusion GHG Green House Gases GO/NGO Governmental Organization/ Non-Governmental Organization GoN Government of Nepal Ha Hectare Hh Household GIS Geographical Information System HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus IEE Initial Environmental Examination IIA Indirect Impact Area ILO International Labour Organization IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature KII Key Informants Interview

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page ix

LAC Local Area Committee LC Least Concern LDO Local Development Officer LR/nt Lower Risk/Near Threatened MoFALD Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development MoFSC Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation MoPE Ministry of Population and Environment NAPA National Adaptation Program of Action NCB National Competitive Bidding NRs Nepali Rupees NTFPs Non Timber Forest Products PCU Project Coordination Unit RoW Right of Way RRRSDP Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program RP Resettlement Plan ToR Terms of Reference VDC Village Development Committee ZoI Zone of Influence

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page x

Table of Contents

1. Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Name and Address of Proponent...... 1 1.2 The Consultant ...... 1 1.3 Background ...... 1 1.4 Rationality of Conducting IEE Study ...... 2 1.5 Objectives of the IEE ...... 2 2. Nepal’s Legal Framework and Regulatory Requirements for the Project ...... 4 3. Methodology Adopted ...... 9 3.1 Desk Review ...... 10 3.1.1 Collection and Review of Secondary Sources of Information from Various Sources 10 3.2 Project Area Delineation ...... 10 3.3 Field Survey ...... 10 3.3.1 Initial Interaction and Consultation with the Local Community ...... 11 3.3.2 Public Consultation ...... 11 3.4 Compilation of Existing Information, Impact Identification and Prediction ...... 12 3.5 Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Plan ...... 13 3.6 Information Disclosure ...... 13 4. Description of the Project ...... 14 4.1 Relevancy of the Sub-project ...... 14 4.2 Location and Access ...... 14 4.3 Salient Features of the Project ...... 17 4.4 Components and Activities ...... 18 4.4.1 Construction Approach ...... 18 4.4.2 Construction Materials Required ...... 19 4.5 Implementation Schedule ...... 19 4.6 Human Resource ...... 19 4.7 Land Requirement ...... 19 4.8 Cost ...... 20 5. Description of the Existing Environment ...... 21 5.1 Physical Environment ...... 21 5.1.1 Topography ...... 21 5.1.2 Land Use ...... 22 5.1.3 Geology and Soil ...... 22 5.1.4 Climate and Meteorology ...... 25 5.1.5 Air, Water and Noise quality ...... 25 5.2 Drainage and Hydrology ...... 26 5.3 Stability and Landslides ...... 26 5.3.1 Seismicity ...... 27 5.4 Biological Environment ...... 27 5.4.1 Vegetation and Forest ...... 27 5.4.2 Faunal Diversity ...... 29 5.4.3 Endangered/Threatened/Rare/Indigenous Species ...... 29 5.4.4 Agro Diversity ...... 30 5.5 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment ...... 30 5.5.1 District Context ...... 30

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page xi

5.5.2 Demographic Characteristics ...... 31 5.5.3 Caste Ethnicity ...... 32 5.5.4 Mother Tongue ...... 33 5.5.5 Literacy Status...... 33 5.5.6 Energy Usage ...... 34 5.5.7 Drinking Water...... 35 5.5.8 Toilet ...... 35 5.5.9 Socio-economic Profile of the Project Affected Households ...... 36 5.6 Status due to Earthquake ...... 37 6. Anticipated Environmental Impacts ...... 39 6.1 Beneficial Impact ...... 39 6.1.1 Socio-economic and Cultural Issues ...... 39 6.2 Adverse Impacts ...... 42 6.2.1 Socio-economic and Cultural Impacts ...... 42 6.2.2 Physical Issues...... 46 6.2.3 Biological Issues ...... 49 7. Alternative Analysis ...... 51 7.1 No Action Option ...... 51 7.2 Proposal Alternatives ...... 51 7.3 Alternative Design and Construction Approach ...... 51 7.4 Alternative Schedule...... 51 7.5 Alternative Resources ...... 52 7.6 No Forest Alternative ...... 52 8. Benefit Augmentation and Mitigation Measure ...... 53 8.1 Mitigation Measures during Pre-construction Phase ...... 53 8.1.1 Detailed Survey and Design ...... 53 8.2 Benefit Augmentation Measures ...... 53 8.2.1 Socio-economic and Cultural Issues ...... 53 8.3 Adverse Issues/Impacts Mitigation Measures ...... 55 8.3.1 Socio-economic and Cultural Impacts Mitigation Measures ...... 55 8.3.2 Physical Issues...... 58 8.3.3 Biological Issues ...... 60 9. Environmental Management Plan ...... 62 9.1 Institutions and Their Roles ...... 62 9.2 Implementation of benefit augmentation and mitigation measures...... 64 9.3 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Activities ...... 74 9.4 Matters to be Monitored while Implementing the Proposal ...... 74 9.4.1 Baseline Monitoring ...... 75 9.4.2 Compliance Monitoring ...... 75 9.4.3 Impact Monitoring ...... 75 9.4.4 Monitoring Parameters ...... 76 9.4.5 Monitoring Indicators ...... 77 9.5 Monitoring Indicators ...... 77 9.5.1 Monitoring Activities and Methods ...... 78 9.6 Summary Cost for Environment Mitigation Cost ...... 84 10. Conclusion and Recommendation ...... 86

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page xii

List of Tables Table 1: Restructuring of Affected VDC of Lalitpur District ...... 2 Table 2: Review of Environmental Acts, Regulations and Guidelines ...... 4 Table 3: Categories of Several Project Affected Areas ...... 10 Table 4: Summary of Meeting Minutes ...... 11 Table 5: Salient Feature of the Sub-project...... 17 Table 6: Sub-project Implementation Schedule ...... 19 Table 7: Soil Classification ...... 25 Table 8: Temperature, Rainfall and Humidity Data of Khokana Station, Lalitpur (2010) ..... 25 Table 9: Yearly Rainfall of Godavari Station, Lalitpur (2010) ...... 25 Table 10: Slope Condition and Aspect throughout the Sub-project ...... 27 Table 11 : Forest along the Road ...... 28 Table 12: Presence of Faunal species In and Around the Proposed Site ...... 29 Table 13: List of Endangered/Threatened/Rare/Indigenous Species ...... 29 Table 14: Vegetables, Fruits and Cereal Crops in the Area ...... 30 Table 15: Demographic Characteristics of then Project VDCs ...... 31 Table 16: Demographic Characteristics of then Project VDCs ...... 31 Table 17: Caste/Ethnic Composition – Project District and then Project VDCs ...... 32 Table 18: Mother Tongue Composition of then Project VDCs ...... 33 Table 19: Literacy Rate of then Project VDCs ...... 33 Table 20: Population Years of Age 5-25 and Over By Status of School Attendance in the Project VDCs ...... 34 Table 21: Energy Usage – then Project VDCs ...... 34 Table 22: Energy Usage – then Project VDCs ...... 35 Table 23: Water Supply Sources of then Project VDCs ...... 35 Table 24: Toilet Facilities - Project VDCs ...... 36 Table 25 : Summary of Affected Households by the Sub-project ...... 36 Table 26: Institutions and Their Roles ...... 62 Table 27: Likely Beneficial Impacts and Proposed Enhancement Measures ...... 64 Table 28: Adverse Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures ...... 66 Table 29: Selected Monitoring Indicators for this IEE Study ...... 77 Table 30: Compliance Monitoring for the proposed project ...... 79 Table 31: Impacts/ Effects Monitoring for the Proposed Project ...... 81 Table 32 : Environmental Monitoring Cost ...... 84 Table 33: Cost Estimate for Environmental Enhancement and Mitigation Measures ...... 84

List of Figures Figure 1: Study Approach & Design ...... 9 Figure 2: Location Map of Project Site……………..………………………………………….. .15 Figure 3: Topographic Map of Project Site ...... 16 Figure 4: Google Location Map ...... 17 Figure 5: Hillshade Map of Project Area ...... 21 Figure 6: Land use Map of the Proposed Road within 100m from Centerline ...... 22 Figure 7: Regional Geological Map of Chandragiri Area (DMG, 1987) ...... 23 Figure 8: Stereographic Projection of the Rock Mass along Road Section...... 24 Figure 9: Drainage Map of the Project Area ...... 26 Figure 10: Earthquake Affected Districts ...... 37

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page xiii

Figure 11: Earthquake affected water sources ...... 38 Figure 12: Earthquake affected Toilet facilities ...... 38 Figure 13: Environnemental Management Organisation Structure ...... 63

Annexes Annex I: Approved ToR for IEE Study ...... 88 Annex II : Project Cost ...... 133 Annex III: Public Notice...... 143 Annex IV : Deed of Inquiry (Muchulka) ...... 145 Annex V : Recommendation Letter ...... 156 Annex VI: Meeting Minutes with Local People ...... 166 Annex VII: Trees to be Cut down ...... 169 Annex VIII : Details on Structure Compensation Estimation ...... 197 Annex IX: Photographs ...... 201

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page xiv

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Name and Address of Proponent 1. This IEE Report has been prepared for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of 14.981 km long district road, connecting Bishankhunarayan School of then Godamchaur VDC (Godavari Municipality-1) with Lelebhanjyang of then Badikhel VDC (Godavari Municipality-4) in Lalitpur District.

2. The District Coordination Committee (DCC), Lalitpur is the implementing agency at the district level under upcoming Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program, Phase-2 (RRRSDP-2), which is the follow-on of RRRSDP-1 and the proponent of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of road sub-project.

Address: District Coordination Committee, Lalitpur Phone: 01-5533638, 5548297, 5553747, 5541374 Email: [email protected] Fax: 01-5533215 Website: http://www.ddclalitpur.gov.np/

3. DoLIDAR, being the executing agency of RRRSDP is facilitating the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study of the Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) in Lalitpur district. The RRRSDP is handled by the Project Coordination Unit of DoLIDAR, the physical address of which is as follows.

Project Coordination Unit (PCU) Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program -2 (RRRSDP-2) Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads (DoLIDAR) Shreemahal, Pulchowk, Lalitpur. Phone: 01-5530685; Email: [email protected]

1.2 The Consultant 4. The consultant for Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study of this project is Environment and Resource Management Center (ERMC) Pvt. Ltd. The address of consulting firm is as following.

Environment & Resource Management Center (ERMC) (P.) Ltd. New Baneshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal P. O. Box: 12419, Kathmandu Tel.: 977-01-4483064, 4465863, Fax: 977-01-4479361 Email: [email protected], Web: www.ermcnepal.com

1.3 Background 5. The economic upliftment of the Nepalese people is largely determined by the expansion and improvement of rural road networks, which serves as bridge between the developmental needs and livelihood improvement of rural people. As per the National

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 1

Population Census of 2012, 83% of the total population resides in rural areas, with large proportion deprived from basic developmental needs (CBS 2012). Hence, planning and implementation of rural roads are very crucial for both upliftment of life standard of the rural people and achievement of developmental goals of the country. Moreover, due to the high fragility of the country’s geography and diverse bio-physical environment, planning and implementation of infrastructure development is particularly sensitive as it might hamper the crucial environmental system, upon which livelihood of the people and existence of overall biological diversity is dependent. Hence, mitigation of adverse environmental impact, social safeguard and economic development should be incorporated in the implementation of infrastructure development program. The track was opened by then DCC.

6. The Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program, (RRRSDP) phase 2 is a proposed follow-on program of previous RRRSDP, the donor funded activities of which was successfully completed in June 2013. Having implemented more than 97% of the total program with many valuable significance and rewarding achievements, the Government of Nepal is planning to carry over the program into its another phase.

7. The project affected VDC has been restructured.The project affected wards from 1-9 of Godamchaur VDC has been restructured as Godavari Municipality-1. Wards from 1-9 of Bisankhunarayan VDC has been restructured as Godavari Municipality-2. Wards from 1-9 of Godavari VDC has been restructured as Godavari Municipality-3 and Wards from 1-9 of Badikhel VDC has been restructured as Godavari Municipality-4. Detail is given in Table 1 below.

Table 1: Restructuring of Affected VDC of Lalitpur District VDC Mentioned in Report Ward of then VDC Current Reformation Godamchaur VDC 1-9 Godavari Municipality-1 Bisankhunarayan VDC 1-9 Godavari Municipality-2 Godavari VDC 1-9 Godavari Municipality-3 Badikhel VDC 1-9 Godavari Municipality-4

1.4 Rationality of Conducting IEE Study 8. In order to assess the environmental issues of the proposed Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) IEE report is the fundamental requirement to suggest appropriate site specific and practical mitigation measures. At present narrow earthen track exists and this has been proposed to upgrade as gravel road with extensive improvement of horizontal and vertical alignment. An IEE is a legal requirement as per the provision of Schedule 1, Road sector, related to Rule 3 Environmental Protection Rules (EPR) and pertaining to article 3 of EPA and its further requires to get approval from the concern ministry. (Annex I).

1.5 Objectives of the IEE 9. The main objective of the IEE study is to identify the impacts of physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment of the sub-project area. The specific objectives of the proposed IEE study include to:

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 2

 Identify the major issues that may arise as a result of proposed works on bio-physical, socio-economic and cultural environment of the project area,  To recommend practical and site specific environmental mitigation and enhancement measures, prepare and implement environmental monitoring plan for the sub-project,  Provide information on the general environmental setting of Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) area as baseline data.  Make sure that IEE is sufficient for the proposed road sub project.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 3

2. NEPAL’S LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PROJECT 10. In Nepal, various legal instruments are in place to ensure the integration of environmental aspects in development proposals. This IEE reviewed the following legislative provisions and environmental guidelines to ensure compliance of the project, refer Table 2.

Table 2: Review of Environmental Acts, Regulations and Guidelines A Constitution

The Constitution of Nepal: It has guaranteed every person the right to live in a clean environment as a fundamental right. As per the constitution, it is also a matter of State policy to adopt appropriate measures to abolish or mitigate existing or possible adverse environmental impacts on the nature, environment or biological diversity.

B Plans and Policies

National Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Policy, 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.): It has identified restoration and improvement of access to service and improve environmental resilience as one of its strategic recovery objectives.

Forest Policy, 2071 B.S. (2015 A.D.): Plantation is mandatory for environmental friendly physical infrastructure development along settlement area, road and irrigation canal.

Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy, 2071 B.S (2014 A.D.): This policy has been formulated to strengthen socioeconomic conidition of project affected families with the provision of necessary land acquisition, justifiable compensation, appropriate resettlement and rehabilitation for the public welfare and implementation of infrastructure development projects.

Three Years Interim Plan, 2070/71-2072/73 B.S. (2013/14-2015/16 A.D.): Identified the importance of road sector in promoting national unification, socio-economic development and regional balance contributing to overall development of the country and also in promoting the access to service and facilities. It aims to achieve sustainable, broad-based, inclusive economic growth. The plan also addresses climate change adaptation and mitigation and overall environmental protection.

20 Year Road Plan, 2059 –2079 B.S. (2002-2022 A.D.): With main objectives of development of Strategic Road Networks (SRN), the implementation strategies include all weather road connection to the District Headquarters (DHQ) and provision of road linkages from the DHQ to the adjacent road network of the neighboring districts and countries

Policy Document, Environmental Assessment in the Road Sector of Nepal, 2056 B.S. (2000 A.D.): It proposes to adopt measures to improve the way of life of the affected people and safeguard natural surroundings. In case damage is inevitable environmental assessment should find ways of reducing or compensating for such damage. It suggested five types of environmental assessment activities like Screening, IEE, EIA and Monitoring.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 4

National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, 2014-2020 FY: It is prepared to provide guiding framework for the management of Nepal’s biodiversity. It has focused on national needs of biodiversity management and conservation, fulfillment of the international obligations, sustainable use of its components and equitable sharing of benefits accrued from conservation and utilization of genetic resources. It has a long term (i.e. 35 years) vision, and includes specific short term (up to 2020) strategies and priorities for action.

C Acts

Environmental Protection Act, 2053 B.S (1997 A.D.): Any development project, before implementation, to pass through environmental assessment, which may be either IEE or an EIA depending upon the location, type and size of the projects.

Solid Waste Management Act, 2068 B.S. (2011 A.D.): It outlines the duties of local government to take action to control haphazard waste generation, disposal or collection and has provisions for various punitive measures against those engaged in activities detrimental to the intentions of the Act.

Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2057 B.S. (2000 A.D.): Engaging children including those who has not attained the age of 14 in risky activities against his/her will by any means is prohibited. In case any enterprise has to engage a child in works, an approval has to be obtained from concerned body.

Local Self Governance Act 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.): Empowers the local bodies for the conservation of soil, forest and other natural resources and implements environmental conservation activities

Forest Act, 2049 B.S. (1993 A.D.): Requires decision makers to take account of all forest values, including environmental services and biodiversity, not just the production of timber and other commodities.

Water Resources Act, 2049 B.S. (1992 A.D.): It has legal arrangements for determining beneficial uses of water resources, preventing environment and other hazardous effects thereof and also keeping water resources free from pollution. It has clearly mentioned that no one shall pollute water resource by way of using or putting any litter, industrial wastes, poison, chemical or toxicant to the effect that the pollution tolerance limit of the water resource as prescribed.

The Labor Act, 2048 B.S. (1992 A.D.): Regulates the working environment, deals with occupational health and safety.

Soil and Watershed Conservation Act (SWCA), 2039 B.S. (1982 A.D.); It empowers GoN to declare any area of Nepal as a conserved watershed area, specifying the borders thereof. The Watershed Conservation Officer (WCO) has the authority to implement protective infrastructure, vegetation program and regulate agricultural practices pertinent to soil and watershed conservation. It empowers WCO to prohibit the commission of any acts that may cause soil-erosion or soil cutting in a land where any of the acts has been done

Public Roads Act, 2031 B.S. (1974 A.D.): Act mandates requirement of permission from the DoR to carry out activities within the limits of the road boundaries and also

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 5

provision of notifying the DoR by local governmental offices prior to the start of activities in the limits of the public roads.

National Park and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2029 B.S. (1972 A.D.): This act provides protection to 27 species of mammals, 9 species of birds and three species of reptiles.

D Rules and Regulations

Environmental Protection Rules 2054 B.S (1997 A.D.): Obliges the proponent to inform the public on the contents of the proposal in order to ensure the participation of stakeholders.

Local Self Governance Rules 2056 B.S. (2000 A.D.): It provides procedural guidelines for implementation of the Local Self Governance Act.

Forest Rules, 2051 B.S. (1995 A.D.): It elaborates legal measures for the conservation of forests and wildlife and provides procedural guidelines for implementation of the Forest Act. It stipulates that in case the execution of any project having national priority in any forest area causes any loss or harm to any local individual or community, the proponent of the project itself shall bear the amount of compensation to be paid.

E Work Procedures, Guidelines, Standards and others

Local Body Restructuring Notice, MoFALD, GON, 2017 A.D: Declaration of the name, number, boundary, ward’s boundary of 744 rural municipality and municipality with 481 rural municipalities, 246 municipalities, 13 sub-metropolitan cities, 4 metropolitan cities and dissolve of VDC/DDC.

Working Procedure to Use National Forest area for National Priority Projects, 2074 B.S. (2017 A.D.): Following are the main features: • EMP/IEE/EIA study is mandatory for obtaining forestry clearance. • Alternative analysis has to be done during feasibility study for avoiding forest area or if not having minimal loss of vegetation. • Concerned Ministry has to obtain concurrence from Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation before approving IEE/EIA • Provision of compensatory plantation (with protection for five years) at the ratio of 1:25 plants by the project or provide plantation and protection cost to concerned DFO.

Batabaran Parichhyan - Resource Booklet - 2070 B.S. (2013): It provides guidance for local body to prepare environmental assessment reports of different projects; construction materials extraction and local roads, on their own.

Environment Friendly Local Governance Framework (EFLG) 2070 B.S (2013 A.D.): This framework is prepared to promote environmental conservation through local institutions to materialize environment friendly local development concept. There are different level of environment friendly indicators like basic, advanced and special indicators at household, tole/settlement, ward, VDC, Municipality and District level. Main objectives of this framework are as follows:

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 6

 Mainstreaming the environment, climate change, disaster management issues in local development planning process.  Making environment friendly local governance mechanism.  Strengthening basic level to make environment friendly sustainable development.  Promoting coordination and cooperation within environment and development.  Strengthening local organization to enhance local ownership for the sustainable development of environment.

Nepal Rural Road Standard, 2012 A.D.: Sets the classification and geometric design standards for the Local Road Network to be followed by all those involved in the development of the network, including Users, User Committees, VDCs, DDCs, DTOs, DoLIDAR and its development partners.

National Adaptation Program of Action, 2068 B.S. (2010 A.D.): The NAPA has been instrumental in mainstreaming climate change in development planning. The NAPA has developed a framework for adaptation programme, and has identified key adaptation needs, existing adaptation practices and options for developed projects including infrastructure.

Reference Manual for Environmental and Social Aspects of Integrated Road Development, 2060 B.S (2003 A.D): Suggests stepwise process of addressing environmental and social issues alongside the technical, financial and other issues.

Batabaraniya Nirdesika (Nepali), 2057 B.S. (2000 A.D.): Focuses in the practical implementation of small rural infrastructures through the minimization of environmental impacts and outlines simple methods of environmental management in the different phases of the project cycle. More emphasis is given to prevention rather than cure.

APPROACH for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Roads, 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.): Emphasizes labor based technology and environmental friendly, local resource oriented construction methods to be incorporated actively in rural infrastructure process.

Green Roads in Nepal, Best Practices Report – An Innovative Approach for Rural Infrastructure Development in the Himalayas and Other Mountainous Regions. GIZ, 1999 A.D.: It focuses on participatory, labor based and environment friendly technology with proper alignment selection, mass balancing, proper water management, bioengineering and phased construction.

Environmental Management Guidelines, Geo Environmental and Social Unit, DoR, 2054 B.S. (1997 A.D.): It consists of environmental mitigation measures to be incorporated into DoR projects, procedures for public participation, and socio- economic consideration. The Environmental Mitigation Measures are broken down into 12 categories or activities and a method for implementation is given for each mitigation measures including implementation strategies. These environmental mitigation measures should be used in conjunction with good engineering design, construction and operation practices. It also suggests considering the various socio- economic issues like land acquisition and compensation, economic impacts and

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 7

cultural heritage.

Community forest development program guideline (third revision 2071 B.S.): Sustainable and scientific management of forest by the local users including environment services and facilities for the mitigation of natural calamaties, wildlifes nad forest fire

National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, 2050 B.S. (1993 A.D.): Provides guidance to project proponent on integrating environmental mitigation measures, particularly on the management of quarries, borrow pits and stockpiling of materials, operation of the work camps, earthworks and slope stabilization, location of stone crushing plants etc.

F International Conventions

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), 2053 B.S., amended, 2059 B.S. (1973 A.D., amended 1979 A.D.): It regulates international trade in endangered wild flora and fauna with the aim of reducing or eliminating trade in species whose numbers or conditions suggest that further removal from their natural habitat would lead to their extinction. It urges parties not to allow trade in specimen of species included in the CITES Appendices I, II and III with some exception. As the area holds some CITES listed species, this convention is attracted in case of their trade.

Convention on Biological Diversity, 2049 B.S. (1992): It focuses on the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits. It urges parties to introduce appropriate procedures requiring EIA of the proposed projects that are likely to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity.

Convention (No. 169) Concerning Indigenous and Tribal People in Independent Countries, 2046 B.S. (1989A.D): The convention provides right to the indigenous and tribal people to decide their own priorities for the process of development. It mandates participation in formulations of the plan and programs, decision making regarding national development. It safeguards rights of the indigenous people in territories traditionally occupied by them.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 8

3.1 Desk Review 14. The following steps were followed during the desk review:

 Collection and review of secondary information from various sources  Initial interaction and consultation with the local community and district level stakeholders  Delineation of geographical boundary of the influence area on the topographical map  Preparation of project specific checklist

3.1.1 Collection and Review of Secondary Sources of Information from Various Sources 15. Secondary information was collected through published and official reports and interpretation of maps and photographs. The sources of information were District Coordination Committee (DCC), District Forest Office (DFO), related NGOs and other line agencies.

3.2 Project Area Delineation 16. The project influence area and the impact area were identified during the preparation of ToR. Such areas were delineated based on the field conditions and nature of project development using the similar past experiences of the experts involved in the IEE process. Based on the environmental impacts of the project, the project-affected areas are classified as the following Table 3.

Table 3: Categories of Several Project Affected Areas Category Description Directly Impact Area Construction areas of project activities. Such area includes (ward level) the formation width, Right of Way (RoW), and ancillary structure sites camp facilities area, excavation area /quarry sites and stock piling sites including their access components. (Considering administrative boundary: Godavari Municipality – 1, 2, 3 and 4) Indirectly Impact Area Immediate areas of construction with moderate and low (Municipality level) impacts. Such area covers area beyond the DIA and within 100 meters each side from the centerline of road including a buffer area of about 100 meters from the ancillary structure sites. (Considering administrative boundary: Godavari Municipality)

3.3 Field Survey 17. Field survey comprised of walkthrough survey, consultation with community, site inspection and observation. The road alignment was visited and observed in 15th August, 2014. The following tools were used for the collection of primary data.

 Focus group discussion (FGD) - To conduct consultation with the local communities at different settlements, FGD was organized with key informants and other persons. It was

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 10

done to collect physical and chemical, biological, wildlife, socio-economic and cultural environment related information using a checklist as given in Annex 1, 2, 3 and 4 of Annex I.  Topographical map - It was used to show environmental features (drainage, landslide, land use) on the map during walkthrough survey.  Photographs - Necessary photographs were taken to show different environmental features.

3.3.1 Initial Interaction and Consultation with the Local Community 18. During the IEE report preparation, the team met, discussed and interacted with concerned staff of the Government of Nepal, then DDC, then VDCs in the district head quarter, teachers, and community based organization member and key persons of surrounding areas within the Zone of Influence (ZoI).

3.3.2 Public Consultation In order to ensure the public involvement, the following procedures were followed during IEE report preparation.

 Publication of notice- a 15 days public notice was published on 9th July 2014 in the Abhiyan, a national daily newspaper (Annex III) seeking written opinion from concerned then VDCs, then DDC, schools, health posts and related local organizations. A copy of the public notice was also affixed in the above mentioned organizations and deed of inquiry (muchulka) was collected (Annex IV). The information was disclosed to the direct stakeholders of the area in various time zone from the time of ToR preparation and accordingly to comply with the EPR, recommendation letters were also obtained from the affected then VDCs and is attached in Annex V.

 IEE team also carried out interaction with local communities and related stakeholders during field survey to collect the public concerns and suggestions. Moreover, focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to collect and solicit information regarding the bio-physical and socio-economic and cultural aspects of Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) The FGDs were held at different settlements along the ZoI of the road and A summary of meeting minutes with local people is given in Table 4 and the results of FGD have been attached in Annex VI.

Table 4: Summary of Meeting Minutes Place for No. of SN Date Public Participants Issues and Decisions of Meeting Meeting Male Female Godavari,  Road passes through the 2071/05/27 Godavari forest area so the mitigation BS Municipality-1 measures should be used to reduce 1 6 3 (2014/09/12 (then impact on forest areas. AD) Godavari  Proper management of Municipality - Landslides during the construction of

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 11

Place for No. of SN Date Public Participants Issues and Decisions of Meeting Meeting Male Female 1/2) road should be done.  Road should be of good quality and should be long lasting.  Regular monitoring of should be done during the construction of the road.  Construction works should be done in time and regular monitoring should be done. Lele, Godavari  Proper management of Municipality-1 construction materials and 2071/05/20 (then equipments should be done so that BS 2 Godavari 8 3 people are able to transport easily. (2014/09/05 Municipality -  The construction of retaining AD) 2) walls should be of good quality.  Proper monitoring and survey should be done on the landslide prone areas so that bioengineering activities should be of good quality.  Construction works should be done in time and regular monitoring should be done.  Road side plantation should be 2071/05/24 Lamatar , done on both side of the road BS 3 Godavari 3 9 corridor. (2014/09/09 Municipality-1  Construction materials and AD) equipments should be keep in proper place (i.e. by taking land in lease)  Construction materials should be checked before using. (Source: Field survey, 2016)

3.4 Compilation of Existing Information, Impact Identification and Prediction 19. The information collected from different sources was processed and analyzed according to the physical, biological, socioeconomic and cultural environment within the zone of influence. The collected secondary data were the major sources for verification and crosschecking of primary data during the field survey. The generated information from primary source was analyzed, tabulated and prioritized.

20. Based on the identification of the impacts, their prediction was done to forecast the changes in local environment. The methods adopted in impact predictions were done by using various methods, such as trend analysis, cause and effect relationship, expert

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 12

judgment etc. The assessment of environmental impact was derived exclusively in terms of magnitude, duration and extent. The significance of positive and negative impacts associated with construction and subsequent operation of the road were identified and predicted considering the ZoI.

3.5 Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Plan 21. Based on the identified impacts their nature, extent and magnitude, the mitigation and monitoring prescriptions were developed. A realistic approach was applied for the application of the mitigation measures in the local context. Environmental monitoring plan was developed to assess the effectiveness of the mitigation measures and implementation status.

3.6 Information Disclosure 22. A draft IEE report along with the executive summary, identified impacts, recommended mitigation measures and the EMP has been prepared and distributed to the stakeholders and the concerned Municipality (then VDCs) for public disclosure. The draft IEE report will also be kept in information centre of DCC (then DDC) Lalitpur for public disclosure. Information was also disseminated through person to person contacts, interviews and group discussions. The approved IEE report will be accessible to interested parties and the general public through the information centre of Lalitpur DCC (then DDC) and websites of RRRSDP. The following offices will get the approved IEE report:

1. District Technical Office, Lalitpur 2. Godavari Municipality, Lalitpur 3. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Local Development 4. Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program, Phase-2 (RRRSDP-2)

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 13

4. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 4.1 Relevancy of the Sub-project 23. The road passes through Godavari Municipality 1, 2, 3 and 4 (then Godamchaur VDC 1-9, Bisankhunarayan VDC 1-9, Godavari VDC 1-9 and Badikhel VDC 1-9). This road links and provides accessibility to people of north and east of lalitpur district.

24. Construction of this road will provide easy physical and economical access to the people within zone of influence (ZoI). This road can serve as a means and catalyst for different development activities like water supply, irrigation, health and education in the area. Local productions can get market with improved transportation facility so that people from the area may have better earning opportunities. Moreover, this road will save considerable travel time and improve income generation potentials, enhance commercial opportunities and improve market accessibility. This road will also provide short-term employment opportunity by engaging the rural poor people in construction of the road. Such people based development efforts will reinstall economic activities in the area by creating long term employment and other opportunities too.

4.2 Location and Access 25. The Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) sub-project lies in the Lalitpur district in Provience 3 of Nepal. It starts from Bishankhunayaran School of Godavari Municipality-1 (then Godamchaur VDC) and ends at Lele bhanjyang of Godavari Municipality-4 (then Badikhel VDC). It passes through 5 major settlements: Godamchaur, Bisankhunarayan, Godavari, Kitini and Badikhel of Godavari Municipality ward 1, 2, 3 and 4. The road does not pass through any protected areas, historically and archaeologically sensitive areas.

26. This earthen/gravel road has been proposed for partial gravel and partial blacktop. The road passes through private and public land crossing small stream (kholsi) at some location.

27. Total road length in ToR was 25 km as per initial survey but final Detail design report was prepared for 14.981 km only. So, this IEE report has been prepared for 14.981 Km only. The formation width of proposed road is 6.25 m. The location of the road is illustrated by the Figure 2, 3 and 4.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 14

Figure 2: Location Map of Project Site

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 15

Figure 3: Topographic Map of Project Site

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 16

Figure 4: Google Location Map

4.3 Salient Features of the Project 28. The salient features of Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) are presented in the following Table 5.

Table 5: Salient Feature of the Sub-project Parameter Descriptions Start point Bisankhunarayan School of Godavari Municipality – 1 (then Godamchaur VDC) End point Lelebhanjyang of Godavari Municipality – 4 (then Badikhel VDC) Sub - Project starting date April, 2016 Sub - Project ending date June, 2019 DTMP code 27DR007 Geographical features Altitude 1,403 masl to 1,540 masl Altitude at starting point 1,403 m Altitude at ending point 1,540 m Climate Warm temperate Soil Colluvial soil, Alluvium soil and residual soil Length of Road 14.981 km Standard of Pavement Partial Blacktop and partial Gravel Construction period Three Years Design speed 20 km per hour Minimum radius in horizontal curve 10 m Average grade 7% Maximum grade 12%

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 17

Parameter Descriptions Name of settlements Godamchaur, Bisankhunarayan, Godavari, Kitini and Badikhel No. of households 4,757 (20,532 population) Municipality along the road Godavari Municipality ward 1-4 (then Godamchaur, Bisankhunarayan, Godavari and Badikhel VDCs) Cross-section Right of way 20 m (10m each side) Formation width 6.25 m Carriage way 3.75 m Retaining structures Cement Masonry wall 11,147.72 m3 Gabion Retaining and Breast wall 10,176.69 m3 Earthwork Cutting 170,477.030 cu.m Filling 22,645.407 cu.m Spoil Generated 147,831.62 m3 Potential Spoil Disposal Site ch. 0+980, 5+900, 6+900 and 13+600 Project Cost Total Civil Cost (NRs.) 288,790,487.10 Total EMP Cost (NRs.) 161,838,738.29 Mitigation Cost (NRs.) 1,495,131.75 Monitoring Cost (NRs.) 240,000.00 Bio-engineering Cost (NRs.) 1,471,312.97 Total Project cost (NRs.) 424,989,354.07 Employment generation Skilled 15,529 person/day

Unskilled 53,822 person/day

4.4 Components and Activities 29. Total length of the road is 14.981 km with 6.25 m formation width. Project components are: construction of structures like masonry wall, retaining wall, breast wall as well as earthwork like site clearance. Bioengineering, spoil disposal management, compensatory plantation are the activities during the construction of this road sub-project.

4.4.1 Construction Approach 30. Implementation of road sub-project works shall be carried out employing Labour by the contractor with following features:

 Use of local people as well as external labour, hand tools and small equipment and heavy machinery for construction.  Balancing cut and fills as far as possible and managing excess spoil  Use of bio-engineering techniques with integrated use of vegetation, simple civil engineering structures and proper water management systems for slope protection.  Use of bitumen for the blacktopped purpose.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 18

4.4.2 Construction Materials Required 23. Regarding the construction materials like stone and boulder is available along the road and materials like sand, aggregates, gravels and other materials cement, steel bar, GI Wire, Hume pipes will be transported from tikabhairav and Chapagau, Lalitpur.

4.5 Implementation Schedule 31. Following Table 6 shows the proposed implementation schedule for the sub-project:

Table 6: Sub-project Implementation Schedule S.N Activities 2016 2017 2018 2019 II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II

1 Detailed survey, design and estimate 2 Preparation of resettlement plan

2.1 Life skill and income generation training 3 Environmental Assessment and Implementation 3.1 IEE report preparation and approval from MoFALD

3.2 Implementation of EMP

3.3 Environmental Monitoring 4 Work Implementation

4.1 Civil construction work by Contractor Note: I - January, February, March II - April, May, June III - July, August, September IV - October, November, December

4.6 Human Resource 32. The project requires both skilled and unskilled human resource. Total 15,529 skilled person days and 53,822 unskilled person days human resource are required to carry out civil work activities.

4.7 Land Requirement 33. Land use pattern of the area through which the road passes have been classified into three types: Settlement area, Agricultural land and forest land. The road sub-project has decided to acquire land within 6.25 m of RoW. The road sub-project requires 9.74 ha of land for the implementation. Out of total required land, 5.38 ha of land are under private ownership in which 3.05 ha is already occupied by the existing road and 2.33 ha of new private land need to acquire as new cutting area and 4.36 ha Public land as new cutting (where existing area of forest is 1.75 ha and new cutting is 0.43 ha).

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 19

4.8 Cost 34. Length of this road is 14.981 km with formation width of proposed road is 6.25 m. Total project cost of the road is estimated NRs. 424,989,354.07 and civil work cost is NRs. 288,790,487.10 (Refer Annex II).

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 20

5. DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 5.1 Physical Environment 5.1.1 Topography 35. Lalitpur district is located in the southern part of Kathmandu valley, which lies in the Province 3. Geographically, the district is situated between 27°39' to 27°41' North latitudes and 85°18' to 85°21' East longitudes and encompasses a total area is 385 sq.km. The total area of project affected then VDCs such as Godavari (17.13 Km2), Bisankhu Narayan (6.58 Km2), Badikhel (5.85 Km2) and Godamchaur (3.13 Km2)

36. The elevation of the starting point is 1,403 masl of the road at Godavari municipality- 1 and the ending point is 1,540 masl at Godavari municipality-4. The road passes through the lower valley slopes with the steepness of land does not exceeds 300. The grade of the road varies from 2% to 12%. Major portion of the road passes along the North-East facing slope. The entire road alignment lies within Kathmandu valley.

37. The proposed road crosses many small streams (Figure 5).

Figure 5: Hillshade Map of Project Area

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 21

5.1.2 Land Use 38. The road passes through the various land use types. Land use pattern of the area through which the road passes have been classified into three types: Settlement area, Agricultural land and forest land. The road subproject has decided to acquire land within 6.25 m of RoW. The road sub-project requires 9.74 ha of land for the implementation. Out of total required land, 5.38 ha of land are under private ownership in which 3.05 ha is already occupied by the existing road and 2.33 ha of new private land need to acquire as new cutting area and 4.36 ha Public land as new cutting (where existing area of forest is 1.75 ha and new cutting is 0.43 ha).

39. The land use practices in the influence area in the varying degree of 100 m buffering area are presented in the Figure 6.

Figure 6: Land Use Map of the Proposed Road within 100m from Centerline

5.1.3 Geology and Soil 40. A geological survey has been carried out along the 14.981 km long alignment of the Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) an important road of Lalitpur District.

Regional Geology and Geomorphology 41. This road follows the rocks of the Chandragiri Limestone, Sopyang Formation as well as Tistung Formation of the Lesser Himalaya. The Chandragiri Limestone is composed of limestone, Sopyang Formation is comprised of quartzite and phyllite and the Tistung

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 22

Formation is represented by presence of thick quartzite (Figure 7). Northwest to southwest directed faults are found along the road alignment. The road crosses the small tributaries. The topography of along the road alignment is gentle slope to very steep slope, passes through residual soil, colluvial deposits after then road follows the rocky terrain of the Lesser Himalaya. The road alignment passes through bushes and forest as well as cultivated land.

Surface Geology 42. Along the road section, the rock of the limestone of the Chandragiri Limestone as well as quartzite of the Tistung Formation and Sopyang Formation is also seen. Road alignment is covered by the residual soil with thick colluvial deposits as well as rocks of limestone and quartzite.

Figure 7: Regional Geological Map of Chandragiri Area (DMG, 1987)

Slope Stability Condition 43. Some cut slope failures are observed which are mostly in residual and colluvial soil deposits. The main causes of slides are precipitation, surface water condition, and undercutting slope by road cutting. Almost all failures are occurred after opening of the road alignment. These failures are shallow depth and can be mitigated by the arrangement of the surface drain as well as trimming of the slope and applying the bioengineering works in the

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 23

barren land on the slope. Remaining of the length of road has good stability, because of low height cut slope. So there are no anymore failures along the road.

44. Some places, there is less possibilities to occur failure in limestone of the Chandragiri Limestone and quartzite of the Tistung Formation. Most of places in the rocky area, the orientation of the bedding plane is opposite to dipping of the hill slope so the rocks have good slope stability. The proposed road lies in the Lesser Himalayan Zone of the Province 3. The lithology of this zone comprises mainly of medium to low grade metamorphic rocks like phyllite, quartzite, schist etc. The road corridor consists in various sections of secondary geological structures such as folds and joints. The road lies at the Midland zone of the Lesser Himalayan zone which passes through gentle–moderate and moderate-moderate steep slope. The road passes through spur and flat land. Several small streams, rivulet, Khola incised the road alignments. The slope aspects follow by road alignment varies NE-SE–NW-SW due to rugged topography of the area. Frequent and gradual changes in slope gradient, aspect and lithological variation at chainages have been observed along the road. Lithological variation consists of residual soil, colluvial soil, bedrock at different chainage have also been noticed.

Figure 8: Stereographic Projection of the Rock Mass along Road Section

Engineering Geological Studies 45. The road alignment passes through slightly limestone as well as quartzite and colluvial, residual soil deposits. Thickness of colluvial and residual soil deposits range from 1 to more than 3 m. The natural hill slope ranges from 5 to 65 degrees. The hydrological condition of the road alignment is wet and some places wet to dry and also seepage.

Geological Hazard 46. The road section comprises of different types of quartzite and schists. Soil type along the alignment can be classified as alluvial, colluvial, residual, boulder mixed red colored soil, and hard and soft rock. Along the road, soil and rock are found low to medium

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 24

hazard. The low hazardous soil covers 90% length of the road comparing with area of the medium hazardous of soil and rock. The slope stability of this section is good so necessity for realigning any of the subsection is not envisaged on account of geological consideration. Table 7 shows detail of soil type found along the road.

Table 7: Soil Classification Chaingae Ordinary Soil Hard Soil Soft Rock Medium Rock 0+000-1+660 20% 80% 1+680-10+040 15% 70% 10% 5% 10+080-14+020 20% 80% 14+040--end 15% 70% 10% 5%

5.1.4 Climate and Meteorology 47. The project site lies within the warm temperate climate zone with typical two monsoonal season in a year. There's the dry season from October to May and wet monsoon season from June to September. It has hot, dry and warm season from mid-April to mid-October. Dry and cold season occurs from mid-October to mid-January and cold and wet season from mid-January to mid-April.

48. Yearly mean of maximum, minimum and daily temperatures documented in the closest meteorological station (Khokana) to the project site are depicted in Table 8. Maximum and minimum average temperatures recorded at this station are 22.70C and 11.70C respectively for the record period 2010. The project area is influenced by the monsoon rains. The total annual precipitation recorded in the nearby station is about 1,295.65 mm of which nearly 75% occurs in the monsoon months. Recorded highest precipitation in such events is 430.5 mm in the month of August (Table 9). The recorded mean annual relative humidity at the nearest meteorological station varies between 72 to 85 percent.

Table 8: Temperature, Rainfall and Humidity Data of Khokana Station, Lalitpur (2010) Air Temperature 0c Relative Humidity % Mean 08:45 NST 17:45 NST Max Min Daily 22.7 11.7 17.2 85 72 (Source: Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, 2010) Latitude: 270 38'N Longitude: 850 17'E, Elevation: 1212m

Table 9: Yearly Rainfall of Godavari Station, Lalitpur (2010) Month JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC mm 0 0 26 11.6 169.3 95.1 325.55 430.5 132.1 104.3 1.2 0 (Source: Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, 2010)

5.1.5 Air, Water and Noise quality 49. Although, the instrumental recorded data is not available, the ambient air quality along the proposed road corridor is good. The good air quality is attributed primarily to the non-existing of industries and vehicular movement in most of the alignment section. At

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 25

present there is practically no noise pollution along the road corridor. But in some section track had been already opened and regular vehicles have been plying in those section but only on large interval of time. So, the noise pollution is not considerable. But the graveled road in the summer season might produce windblown dust in the area and occasional plying of vehicles does not contributed to the considerable emissions throughout the alignment. Hence, it can be envisaged that the air and noise quality in the corridor is within the national ambient air and noise quality guideline. However, the water quality data of crossing streams have not been analyzed, the growing population in the proposed road alignment area, lack of public sewerage and agriculture runoff the quality might have degraded the quality of stream.

5.2 Drainage and Hydrology 50. The drainage pattern of the project area is dendritic. The area is comprised of watersheds and water recharge zone and a number of smaller streams, which provides adequate water to the inhabitants of the project area. The rivers and rivulets present in the project area are Lubhu Khola, Godavari Khola, Kodku, Mahadev Khola, Bhardev Khola and Nallu Khola. Detail is given in the Figure 9 below.

Figure 9: Drainage Map of the Project Area

5.3 Stability and Landslides 51. The stability of slopes along the road corridor depends upon slope angle, the material constituting the slope, rock discontinuities, and hydrological conditions. Proposed alignment does not pass through smaller to medium slides and many small slides and erosions area are found along the road. The slope condition and aspects along with dimension throughout the alignment is presented in Table 10.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 26

Table 10: Slope Condition and Aspect throughout the Sub-project Chainage Location Slope condition Aspect 5+500-5+600 Mulpani Moderate North East 5+800-5+900 Mulpani Moderate North East 14+150 Godavari Moderate North East (Source: Field survey, 2014)

5.3.1 Seismicity 52. Earthquakes and group tremors are common in Nepal, the majority of epicenters being located close to active thrusts or faults. Although it may not be practicable to design hill road alignment to avoid these active zones, it is advisable to give consideration to the potential effect of seismic shaking when designing high retaining structure, and essential when designing bridges.

5.4 Biological Environment 53. The project is devoid of habitats for wildlife as it is represented by agricultural land. In the surrounding landscape and forest areas reported diversity of faunal species based on the outcome of public consultation. The proposed site lies outside the National park, Conservation area and ecologically sensitive area or protected area.

5.4.1 Vegetation and Forest 54. The project site comprises of grasses and conspicuous vegetation along with standing tree and shrubs along with the ground vegetation. The major tree vegetation in the project vicinity are Uttis(Alnus nepalensis), Bakaino(Melia azedarach), Peepal (Ficus religiosa), Okhar (Juglans regia), Painu (Prunus cerasoides), Bamboo (Bambusa sps), Bhalayo (Rhus succedanea), Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Phalat (Quercus lineate), Kafal (Myrica esculanta), Katus (Castanopsis indica), Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris), Kainyu (Wendlandia puberula), Aasare phool (Lagerstroemiasps.), Naspati (Pyrus communis), Aaru (Prunus persica), Aangari (Melastoma melabathricum), Hadibayer (Zizyphus incurve), Salla (Pinus roxburghii) etc.

55. Species namely, Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Uttis (Alnus nepalensis), Salla (Pinus roxburghii), Jamuna (Syzygiun cumini), Kafal (Myrica esculenta) are the major dominant tree species along the road corridor. The road passes through 7 community forests (CFs). The detail of the community forest is given in Table 11 below.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 27

Table 11 : Forest along the Road Name of Forest Chainage Length (m) Area of C.F. (ha) HH involved in the Main Species From To C.F Godamchaur CF 0+580 0+620 40 27.80 314 Chilaune (Schima wallichii) Uttis (Alnus nepalensis) Bistachhap CF 0+820 1+200 380 18 61 Salla (Pinus roxburghii) Chilaune (Schima wallichii) Jayabhadre CF 7+420 7+700 280 173.32 338 Chilaune (Schima wallichii) Uttis (Alnus nepalensis) Jamuna (Syzygiun cumini) Golintaha CF 9+710 10+500 790 14 66 Chilaune (Schima wallichii) Salla (Pinus roxburghii) Kafal (Myrica esculenta) Kumari CF 11+021 11+120 99 20 101 Salla (Pinus roxburghii) Chilaune (Schima wallichii) Bandevi CF 13+020 13+880 860 89.90 70 Chilaune (Schima wallichii) Kafal (Myrica esculenta) Chandol CF 13+880 14+400 520 N/A N/A Chilaune (Schima wallichii) Kafal (Myrica esculenta) Total 2,969 (Source: Field Survey, 2016)

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 28

5.4.2 Faunal Diversity 56. The project is devoid of habitats for wildlife as it is represented by agricultural land. In the surrounding landscape and forest areas reported diversity of faunal species is presented in Table 12 based on the outcome of public consultation.

Table 12: Presence of Faunal species In and Around the Proposed Site Local Name Scientific Name Mammals Syal Canis aureus Rato Bandar Macaca mulatta Nyauri Musa Herpestes edwardsii Birds Sarun Athene brama Piegon Columbia livia Lampuchare Urocissa erythrorhyncha Kag Corvus splendens Bakulla Bubulus ibis Dhukur Streptopelia chinensis Chibe Dicrurus adsimilis Jureli Pycnonotus cafer Reptiles Cheparo Calotes versicolor versicolor Mausuli Hemidactylus brokki (Source: Field Survey, 2014)

5.4.3 Endangered/Threatened/Rare/Indigenous Species 57. Of the reported floral and faunal species, the following species has been identified as species of conservation significance under the conservation list of Government of Nepal (NPWC Act, 1973), IUCN Red data book and CITES Appendix (Table 13).

Table 13: List of Endangered/Threatened/Rare/Indigenous Species SN Species Threat Category Common name Scientific name GoN IUCN CITEs A Floral Species 1 Okhar Juglans regia √

2 Lapsi Choerospondias axillaris √ B Faunal Species 1 Syal Canis aureus III 2 Rato Badar Macaca mulatta (LC) Note: CITES Categories: I -Appendix I ( are species that are threatened with extinction and are or may be affected by trade), II - Appendix II (re species that are not necessarily threatened with extinction, but may become so unless trade in specimens of such species is subject to strict regulation in order to avoid utilization incompatible with the survival of the species in the wild), and III - Appendix III ( are species that are listed after one member country has asked other CITES Parties for assistance in controlling trade in a species)

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 29

5.4.4 Agro Diversity 58. The agricultural land in the project comprises diverse cropping pattern. The local inhabitants differentiated the land into Khet (with irrigation facility) and Bari (no irrigation facility). They traditionally grow different types of vegetables, pulses, cereals crop with rotation keeping in a view of different climatic condition. The trend of commercial farming has also entered in the area. As reported by the local different sets of copping pair in the area are presented in the Table 14 below:

Table 14: Vegetables, Fruits and Cereal Crops in the Area S.N Local Name Scientific Name Remarks 1. 1 Pindalu Calocasa esculanta Rhizomes 2. 2 Tori Brassica compestris Vegetables 3. 3 Kauli Brassica oleraceae Vegetables 4. 4 Rayo Brassica juncea Vegetables 5. 5 Bandakovi Brassica deracea Vegetables 6. 6 Mula Raphanus sativa Vegetables 7. 7 Pharsi Cucurbita maxima Vegetables 8. 8 Kakro Cucurbita sativus Fruit 9. 9 Lauka Lagenaria ciceraria Vegetables 10 Ghiraula Luffa cylindrical Vegetables 11 Titekarela Momordica charantia Vegetables 12 Ishkush Sechium edule Vegetables 13 Tarul Dioscorirea alata Rhizome 14 Makai Zea mays Grain 15 Ganhu Triticum aestivum Grain 16 Tate Simi Dolischos lablab Pulse 17 Bodi Vigna sinensis Pulse 18 Kerau Pisum sativum Pulse 19 Pyaj Allium capa Vegetable 20 Lasun Allivm sativum Vegetable 21 Kagati Citrus aurantifolia Fruit 22 Bhogate Citrus maxima Fruit 23 Aalu Solanum tuberosum Vegetable 24 Bhanta Solanum melongana Vegetable 25 Golbhenda Lycopersicon esculentum Vegetable 26 Khorsani Capsicum frutesens Vegetable 27 Dhania Coriandrum sativum Spices (Source: Field Survey, 2014)

5.5 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment 5.5.1 District Context 59. The proposed road lies in Lalitpur district. According to CBS 2011, total 468,132 people live in 109,797 household. Among them, 238,082 (50.85%) are male and 230,050 (49.12%) are female. The average household size is 4.26 and population density is 1,216. Among the 109,797 HH, few household were absentees and therefore CBS had interviewed

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 30

92,942 HH only. Out of 92,942 HH, 75,073 HH use water from pipeline, 4,718 HH use from sprout. In Lalitipur district 1,050 HH are using tube well/hand pump as well as 1,0691 HH are having water from covered well and 2,004 HH are using uncovered well. Among of them 243 HH using river stream water. Remaining HH depends on other source of water. In term of energy for cooking 19,554 HH use firewood, 84,511 use LP gas, 3,309 household are using the kerosene for cooking, only 139 HH use cow dung and remaining household use kerosene, electricity etc. Most of the household (105,766) use electricity for lightning, followed by 11,131 HH using kerosene and few household have solar panel also. The 4,735 HH of Lalitpur district have no toilet facility. According to the record of CBS 91,537- constructed flush toilet and 12,139 household have ordinary toilets.

5.5.2 Demographic Characteristics 60. The total populations residing in then project VDCs are about 20,532 in 4,757 household with an average household size of 4.35. The total male and female populations in then project VDCs are more or less similar as the female population is higher than male by about 556. Then Bisankhunarayan VDC has comparatively lower sex ratio than other three then VDCs. Comparative demographic characteristics of then project VDCs based on 2011 census is presented in Table 15.

Table 15: Demographic Characteristics of then Project VDCs Then Project VDCs Household Total Male Female Avg.HHs Sex Ratio Godavari 1,825 7,558 3,715 3,843 4.14 96.67 Bisankhunarayan 1,047 4,484 2,117 2,367 4.28 89.44 Badikhel 791 3,576 1,789 1,787 4.52 100.11 Godamchaur 1,094 4,914 2,367 2,547 4.49 92.93 Total 4,757 20,532 9,988 10,544 4.35 (Source: CBS, 2011)

61. In then project VDCs, the demographic composition of the age group is dominated by 15 to 59 years aged people accounting almost 67.29% of the total population. The second group is made of less than 14 years age group constituting nearly 23.67% of the total. Peoples above 60 years of age make only 9.03 % of the total population. This age group demographic composition reveals that then project VDCs has a high potential of economical productivity in terms of availability of potent human resource. The detail is given in the Table 16.

Table 16: Demographic Characteristics of then Project VDCs Age Group Bisankhu Badikhel Godamchaur Godavari Total % narayan

0-4 262 256 288 454 1,260 6.14 5-9 314 297 365 561 1,537 7.49 10-14 464 338 468 793 2,063 10.0 15-19 606 410 549 883 2,448 11.9 20-24 460 417 520 858 2,255 10.98 25-29 360 326 513 731 1,930 9.40

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 31

Age Group Bisankhu Badikhel Godamchaur Godavari Total % narayan

30-34 303 263 407 650 1,623 7.90 35-39 330 244 380 643 1,597 7.8 40-44 314 212 345 549 1,420 6.9 45-49 281 188 245 393 1,107 5.39 50-54 193 161 180 296 830 4.042 55-59 143 118 149 197 607 2.96 60-64 130 98 151 178 557 2.71 65-69 111 101 123 115 450 2.19 70-74 89 64 89 98 340 1.66 75+ 124 83 142 159 508 2.47 Total 4,484 3,576 4,914 7,558 20,532 100 (Source: CBS, 2011)

5.5.3 Caste Ethnicity 62. Then project VDCs are distinctly different from the caste/ethnic group composition, though the prominent caste /ethnic groups in different project affected then VDCs are more or less similar. In then project VDCs Chhetri (38.68%) share major percentage and Tamang share (13.16%) second largest percentage of ethnic group. Brahmin in the project area comprises 12.12% while Newar comprises 8.12 %. In other words, then project VDCs is an area dominated by the Tamang, Newar and Chhetri caste/ethnic group. Detail is given in Table 17 below.

Table 17: Caste/Ethnic Composition – Project District and then Project VDCs Caste Badikhel Bisankhu Godamchaur Godavari Total % Ethnicity narayan Chhetri 250 2,606 3,106 1,980 7,942 38.68

Brahman Hill 1138 122 195 1,033 2,488 12.12 Magar 34 240 88 441 803 3.91 Tamang 40 724 182 1,756 2,702 13.16 Newar 61 106 745 756 1,668 8.12 Kami 43 118 65 166 392 1.91 Damai/ 34 83 71 62 250 1.22 Dholi Pahari 1,891 0 0 62 1,953 9.51 Sarki 0 296 247 318 861 4.19 Others 85 189 215 984 1,473 7.17 Total 3,576 4,484 4,914 7,558 20,532 100.00 (Source: CBS, 2011)

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 32

5.5.4 Mother Tongue 63. Demographic composition in terms of the mother tongue is dominated by Nepali speakers (71.88%) compared to other in then project VDCs. However, the mother tongue as Tamang has also the comparable percentage in then Project VDCs i.e.11.65%. Comparatively, the other communication dialects are nominal other than that of Nepali and Tamang but the Pahari speakers has significant percentage comprising 7.13%. Detail is given in the Table 18.

Table 18: Mother Tongue Composition of then Project VDCs Mother Badikhel Bisankhu Godamchaur Godavari Total % Tongue narayan

Nepali 1,958 3,818 4,129 4,854 14,759 71.88 Tamang 34 610 137 1,612 2,393 11.65 Newar 51 21 504 529 1,105 5.38 Pahari 1,463 0 0 0 1,463 7.13 Magar 0 0 0 124 124 0.60 Others 70 35 144 439 688 3.35 Total 3,576 4,484 4,914 7,558 20,532 100.00 (Source: CBS, 2011)

5.5.5 Literacy Status 64. Educational achievement is essential for effective participation in society. Individual and community levels of education have a strong positive association with a range of economic and social benefits. Compared to female members the male members of the project then VDCs are more literate. Though the difference in gap is closer in then project VDCs, it still indicates prevailing social discrimination of the female members of the societies. Overall, then project VDCs have better literacy status than that of national average. The average literacy rate of male is 89.22% and female is 67.83% in the then VDCs. Detail is given in the Table 19.

Table 19: Literacy Rate of then Project VDCs Then Project VDCs Both (%) Male (%) Female (%) Bisankhunarayan 77.4 90.27 65.89 Badikhel 72.71 83.38 62.1 Godamchaur 80.87 93.15 69.71 Godavari 81.67 90.1 73.62 Average Literacy rate 78.16 89.22 67.83 (Source: CBS, 2011)

65. Table 20 represents the population percentage above 5 years of age according to the status of level passed in then project VDCs. Most of the population in then project VDCs including male and female have passed primary education followed by lower secondary. The population having graduation are very less compared to other level.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 33

Table 20: Population Years of Age 5-25 and Over By Status of School Attendance in the Project VDCs Level Passed Badikhel Bisankhu Godamchaur Godavari narayan Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female % % % % % % % % Beginner 2.53 4.32 3.1 2.63 2.58 2.83 3.38 3.69 Primary 29.89 30.23 27.65 28.66 23.02 22.3 24.97 25.85 Lower Secondary 19.49 20.83 21.96 20.77 18.69 19.76 17.38 18.51 Secondary 10.97 10.65 14.38 15.24 13.92 16.17 13.23 13.11 SLC & equi 15.6 15.26 12.28 12.68 15.91 14.51 13.3 11.77 Intermediate and 12.49 10.17 9.4 8.36 13.33 12.92 11.93 12.22 equivalent Graduate & eq 5.85 3.74 3.37 2.36 5.89 4.13 6.98 5.55 Post grad. Eq & 2.09 0.38 0.88 0.13 1.46 0.65 3.22 1.75 above Others 0.07 0 0.06 0 0.29 0.06 0.16 0.19 Non-formal 0.94 4.03 6.36 8.5 4.23 6.14 5.13 7.04 education Level not stated 0.07 0.38 0.55 0.67 0.68 0.53 0.32 0.34 (Source: CBS, 2011)

5.5.6 Energy Usage For cooking

66. The type of energy usage in the households signifies the measure of the household quality of health and well-being. Majority of household in then project VDCs use firewood for cooking energy followed by LP gas. Then Bisankhunarayan VDC comprises about 75.84% and that of Badikhel is 63.97% followed by Godamchaur (46.62%), whereas 34.25% of household in Godavari prefer firewood for cooking purposes that signifies about 62.47% household in Godavari use LP gas as their major cooking energy. Detail is given in Table 21.

Table 21: Energy Usage – then Project VDCs Then Project VDCs Bisankhunarayan Badikhel Godamchaur Godavari % % % % Wood/firewood 75.84 63.97 46.62 34.25 Kerosene 0.1 0.88 2.1 2.25 LP gas 23.5 32.74 49.91 62.47 Santhi/Guitha 0 0 0.46 0 cowdung Biogas 0 1.52 0.09 0.11 Electricity 0 0 0 0 Others 0.1 0.25 0 0.33 Not stated 0.48 0.63 0.82 0.6 (Source: CBS, 2011)

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 34

For lightening

67. Then project VDCs being nearest to the capital city and other urban centers all the then VDCs are connected to the national grid. In an average about 96.85% of household use national grid electricity in then project VDCs (Table 22). Nominal percentage of households only uses other forms of energy for lightening purpose.

Table 22: Energy Usage – then Project VDCs Then Project VDCs Bisankhunarayan % Badikhel Godamchaur Godavari % % % Electricity 96.85 95.2 96.71 96.66 Kerosene 1.91 3.92 2.1 1.53 Biogas 0.29 0.25 0.18 0.6 Solar 0.19 0 0.09 0.11 Others 0.29 0 0.09 0.38 Not stated 0.48 0.63 0.82 0.71 (Source: CBS, 2011)

5.5.7 Drinking Water 68. The overall health of the communities is depended on the existing water supply and the community level sanitation infrastructures. The 2011 census shows pipe water supply coverage higher percent households in then project VDCs i.e. more than 80% of households (Table 23). All then VDCs have good coverage of piped drinking water supply system. In then Badikhel and Bisankhunarayan VDCs nearly 14% of households depend upon the spout water system.

Table 23: Water Supply Sources of then Project VDCs Then Project VDCs Bisankhunarayan Badikhel Godamchaur Godavari % % % % Tap/piped water 85.2 85.71 96.71 96 Tubewell/handpump 0 0.13 0 0.05 Covered well/kuwa 0.29 0.38 0.18 0.88 Uncovered 0.1 0 0.64 0 well/kuwa Spout Water 13.75 13.02 1.28 1.59 River/stream 0 0 0.27 0 Others 0.19 0.13 0.09 0.77 Not stated 0.48 0.63 0.82 0.71 (Source: CBS, 2011)

5.5.8 Toilet 69. Then project VDCs and the communities lack sewerage systems and are also devoid of solid waste management systems. Most of the waste water and solid waste, being organic, is biodegradable and assimilated with the natural environment due to its nature of settings. Open defecation in open fields and creeks is still a practice among some

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 35

households (Table 24). Most of the household in then project VDCs have flush toilet followed by ordinary toilet and only very small percentage of households donot have toilet.

Table 24: Toilet Facilities - Project VDCs Project VDCs Bisankhunarayan % Badikhel % Godamchaur % Godavari % HH without toilet facility 8.6 2.65 2.29 2.03 Flush Toilet 69.05 58.91 60.6 59.67 Ordingary toilet 21.97 37.8 36.29 37.59 Toilet facility not stated 0.38 0.63 0.82 0.71 Source: CBS, 2011

5.5.9 Socio-economic Profile of the Project Affected Households 70. A detailed socio-economic survey was conducted to investigate affected households status. The total affected households are 391; socio-econoic survey was carried for 188 (48.08%) households having 956 populations. Out of total APs, 117 HHs are from Brahmin/Chhetri, 4 HH from Dalit and 67 HHs are from Janajati. There are 34 women headed HHs in the sub-project area. The detail is given in the Table 25 below.

Table 25 : Summary of Affected Households by the Sub-project S.N. Variable Count 1 Total affected households 391 2 Interviewed HHs 188 2.1 Dalit HHs 4 2.2 Janajati HHs 67 2.3 Brahmin/Chhetri HHs 117 3 Interviewed Populations 956 3.1 Male 478 3.2 Female 478 3.3 Average HHs Size 5.1 4 Non- Interviewed HHs 203 5 Women headed HH 34 (Source: Households Survey, January 2017, RP)

71. The survey showed that livelihood option of the affected families is not land based but from non-agriculture sector. Few families are involved in non agriculture income generating activities like tea shop, grocery shop, job in different institutions along with the agricultural activities too. Similarly, 67 interviewed indigenous families income sources is also based on non-agriculture and income from land is negligible share in the total income. The average food sufficiency month of the APs is 7.85 months per year.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 36

5.6 Status due to Earthquake 72. Most rural homes badly damaged and people are forced to live in tents. 91% of houses destroyed, 318 human casualties, and 548 of 594 government schools are destroyed (as reported in District-wise summary record). Most of the houses of ZoI are damaged by the earthquake. The devastating earthquake mostly destroyed the physical properties rather than human beings.

(Source: GoN/MoHA as of 21 May 2015 ) Figure 10: Earthquake affected Districts

73. As per the factsheet of Lalitpur district 91% of the HHs are damaged due to earthquake. The house wall of mud bonded brick/stone are of 10% prevalence among which 8% are completely damaged, 33% are partially collapsed or heavy damaged and 58% are minor damaged. The house with mud bonded brick/stone with corrugated galvanized iron is common of 56%. Out of 56% 10% are completely destroyed and 45 % are heavily damaged and partially collapsed and 45% minor-moderately damaged. The reinforced concrete cement type of houses are rare about 2% among them 4% are heavily damaged with partial collapse and 71% are damaged moderately and 25% of house are not damaged. The house with CGI roof is 2% in Lalitpur district among which 33% are partially collapsed with heavy damage and 67% are damaged moderately. Remaining households are safe to live in.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 37

Water Resource: 50 74. The source of water is found Before EQ declining after the earthquake (Refer 40 47 After EQ Figure 11) 36 % households 39 reported a decline in water quality 30 whereas 17 % of the households reported a decrease in water 20 23 23 Percentage 21 20 quantity. 10

0 Private Pipe Municipal Pipe Spout Type of water sources

(Source: Factsheet for earthquake impacts of Lalitpur district) Figure 11: Earthquake affected water sources

Toilet Facility:

75. Toilets are damaged by the 80 Before EQ earthquake in Lalitpur district (please 70 After EQ 60 refer Figure 12). 68% of toilet with 68 septic tank was reduced to 61% due to 50 61 earthquake. Toilet with sewer is not 40 affected but pit latrine was reduced by 30 Percentage 5%. Other types of toilet facilities were 20 increased after the earthquake. 10 13 13 17 13 1 13 0 flush (septic) Flush (sewer) Pit Latrine None/Other Types of toilet

(Source: Factsheet for earthquake impacts of Lalitpur district) Figure 12: Earthquake affected Toilet facilities

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 38

6. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 76. The identification and assessment of impacts has been carried out by considering the proposed proposal activities examined in terms of the construction and operation stage. Several such impacts have been identified based on site observation, field survey and information obtained from the stakeholders, with a few being identified on value judgment. The impact of the activities will be on physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural resources within the ZoI. Impacts from the proposed road sub project can be both beneficial as well as adverse. Most of the identified impacts have been quantified as far as possible. The impacts have been identified, predicted and evaluated in terms of their magnitude (low, moderate and high), extent (site specific, local and regional) and duration (short, medium and long term) and appropriate benefit enhancement and mitigation measures are given in Chapter 8.

6.1 Beneficial Impact 6.1.1 Socio-economic and Cultural Issues Construction Stage Employment opportunity 77. The construction works for upgrading of road will create 15,529 person/days skilled and 53,822 person/days unskilled workforces. There will be positive impacts in other economic activities in a chained manner creating other income generating activities like lodging and fooding for the workers. The magnitude, extent and duration of such impact are envisaged to be moderate, local and short term respectively and have indirect impact.

Increase income of local peoples through training 78. The project will enhanced income generation activities of the peoples through different kinds of trainings provided in the project area. The magnitude, extent and duration of such impact are envisaged to be high, local and short term respectively and indirect impact.

Small scale enterprise development and business promotion 79. It is envisaged that there will be more people opening their business venture targeted to construction work force. This shall open up new avenues for the development of the project area, people from the area will take it as an opportunity to start a new business, different from the traditional business pattern and those businesses include hardware, agricultural products, agricultural tools and machines etc.

80. The locals of the project area will have opportunity to sell their agro products (such as milk, eggs, meat, vegetables, fruits, etc.) on better price to the contractors and the construction workforce. This will promote the production of local products in larger quantities than earlier. In addition to production of local products, there are possibilities of opening new tea stalls, restaurants, and consumer good shops to meet the daily demands of the contractors and construction workforce. The local community could be benefitted from increased commercial and economic activity. The magnitude, extent and duration of such impact are envisaged to be moderate, regional and short term respectively and direct in nature.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 39

Rent from land acquired temporarily during construction 81. Land will be needed for establishment of campsite, stockpiling of construction material etc. during construction. The land used for such purpose also acts as a means to income. This is impact will be direct, moderate, short term and local in scale.

Commercialization in agricultural products among local communities 82. The road projects will bring a change among in local agricultural practices along a road alignment. Locals will follow a cash crop, horticulture practices and fast growing crops instead of conventional agricultural trend. The envisaged impact is indirect, long term, local in extent and moderate in magnitude.

Increase the number of road side business 83. Private agricultural farm, chicken raring, goat raring will be enhanced during construction phase. Locals will be morally intended to do the private business. Additionally, the local dealers and retailers will have profound growth around the project area to enhance their business. The overall business will have significant positive impact around the area. The envisaged impact is direct, medium term, local in extent and low in magnitude.

Help to increase a tourism and eco-tourism opportunities 84. The construction of road increases accessibility to the different places important for the tourism purpose such as Godavari and Phulchowki. This may increase ecotourism in the project site and increase the income level of local people. The impact will be direct, moderate, regional and long term in nature.

Operation & Maintenance Stage Increase an economic valuation of land 85. The operation phase often leads to rising land values along the road corridor. Increased land values also enhance farmers’ capability for borrowing loans on collaterals. High value lands are easily acceptable to banks and micro-finance institutions to provide loans. The present land value ranges from NRs 3 lakh per Aana to 10 lakh per Aana along the road side. This impact will be an indirect, moderate significance, local and long term in nature.

Reduced travel costs 86. Operation of road will enhance the access of people to social services and quick transportation of goods. Travel time and cost will be cheaper. This will provide comfortable and quick access to the people. The improved road surface will reduce the wear and tear of vehicles, thus reducing the general costs for spare parts, and it will increase the fuel efficiency and reduce vehicular emissions. These effects will be reflected in terms of reduced travel cost. This will be direct, moderate significance, regional and long-term impact.

Mainstreaming of local culture and products 87. The completion of road upgrading work will serve the cultural and religious sites of the project. The project will manage to support the foot trails improvements to some of the selected cultural and religious sites and they include Bisankhu Narayan and Manakamana

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 40

(Bisankhu Narayan VDC, Godavari and Naudhara mandir, Tikabhairav Mandir-adjacent to the road). This will be direct, moderate significance, regional and long-term impact

Increase cost opportunity of local farmers for their agricultural products 88. The opportunity created by the improved access, reduced transportation and travel cost, enhanced market mechanisms etc. are expected to incite local people for the improved agricultural practice and better livestock raising in the project area. The better availability of improved seeds for cereals and vegetables, better availability of seeds and saplings of horticultural crops, farming tools and techniques, improved breed of animal species etc. all associated with the better road access and mobility are envisaged to further support the process of improvement in agriculture and livestock production in the area. The magnitude of such impact is envisaged to be moderate, the extent to be regional, and the duration to be long term.

Employment of local people 89. The project itself will require its office workers and different field workers for smooth operation. Such workers include at least three skilled workers and almost forty other semiskilled and unskilled workers on permanent basis round the year. Additional ad-hoc human resources will be required in case of repairing works as temporary workers. The new business, trade and industrial activities also require human resources as indirect opportunity created by the road operation. Other such employment opportunities include the employment in enhanced construction activities around the project area, employment in the accelerated farm activities and trade etc. The magnitude of such impact is envisaged to be high, the extent to be local, and the duration to be short term.

Market development opportunity 90. Reduced travel cost and reduced travel time associated with the project operation will enhance the people’s mobility and activities in and around the project area. This will assist for starting and promoting the trade, business and industrial development in and around the project area. Similarly new businessmen will be attracted to the project area and hence new shops, restaurants, hotels, service centers etc. will be opened up in the project area being one of the scenic beauties in the Kathmandu valley. Godavari area, being rich in limestone deposits of different qualities, and iron ore at Phulchowki, some industrial activities based on limestone and iron as the raw material are likely be established. The local products based on agriculture and forestry will receive better access and hence trade on these products is envisaged to be promoted with the successful operation of the black-topped road in the area. The magnitude of such impact is envisaged to be high, the extent to be local, and the duration to be long term.

Women empowerment 91. Women and indigenous people in particular may be benefited more from improved access to the market centers and various service providing agencies like health centers, banks, training institutes, women development office etc. Frequency of visit to such agencies will increase awareness level and empowerment. The impact will be indirect, High, local and for long-term.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 41

Explore opportunities on horticultural crops / cash crops cultivation 92. The development of transportation facilities will bring a change among in local agricultural practices along a road alignment and corridor. They will follow a cash crop, horticulture practices and fast growing crops instead of conventional agricultural trend. Similarly, while maintaining RoW and constructional activities, the land uses might be change. In total, the present land use practices will be changed. The envisaged impact is direct long term, local in extent and moderate in magnitude.

Opportunity for small scale Industrial development viz. cottage industries, poultry farm, dairy farm, handicraft, eco-resort and lodge for tourism business and other agricultural farm development (e.g. mushroom farming) 93. The increased access to market center due to the opening of road is likely to increase the productivity in the area in terms of agricultural products particularly horticulture, poultry and other services. This area has the great potentiality for production of vegetables and livestock. This will enhance the economic condition of local people. The increased accessibility in the zone of influence and increased agricultural production as stated above will open up the revenues to establish cottage industries such as agro-based industries. This will increase the employment opportunities and income level. The impact will be indirect, low, local and long term in nature.

Encourage to maintain temple present in project affected area such as Tikabhairav temple and nearby cultural shrine. 94. The completion of road upgrading work will serve the cultural and religious sites of the project. The project will support to manage the foot trails improvement in some of the selected cultural and religious sites and they include Bisankhu Narayan and Manakamana (Bisankhunarayan VDC, Godavari and Naudhara mandir, Tikabhairav Mandir-adjacent to the road). This will be direct, moderate significance, regional and long-term impact.

Dissemination of spiritual and religious values of different place that the local peoples were adopted in project affected areas. 95. The operation of road will attract different people with different cultural background in the project area. This surge in population of different cultural and religious background will help the local area for their exchange of culture. Furthermore, the good and impressive cultural activities that are practiced by the local people are expected to be adopted by the people of the other areas hence the local culture will get an opportunity to expand itself. The likely impact is envisaged to be low in magnitude, local in extent, and long term in duration. The positive impact will be an indirect impact of road operation.

6.2 Adverse Impacts 6.2.1 Socio-economic and Cultural Impacts Construction Stage Issues of land and property acquisition and resettlements and population displacement 96. The road sub-project requires 9.74 ha of land for the implementation. Out of total required land, 5.38 ha of land are under private ownership in which 3.05 ha is already

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 42

occupied by the existing road and 2.33 ha of new private land need to acquire as new cutting area and 4.36 ha Public land as new cutting. The people in the RoW shall ultimately be devoid to exercise their present agricultural practices as well. Since these activities might adversely affect the road. The impact will be on individual level, direct, high significance, site specific, and short-term in nature.

Impacts due to loss of structures/infrastructures existing in RoW of proposed road 97. The sub-project needs to acquire the private land property in RoW. The Detail is given in Resettlement Plan (RP) will address the impact in the private land and property during construction of the road. About 130 structures (124 Private structures and 6 Public structures) will be directly impacted with the upgradation of the road. The impact will be direct, site specific, short term and high in magnitude.

Pressures on social service facilities such as water, electricity, open ground etc. 98. Due to large influx of labors during construction phase, the demand of additional social facilities such as transport services, drinking water supply, and other public services will increase. This will result into pressure on available social services in the area. Magnitude of such impacts envisages to low, site specific and short term.

Employment loss 99. The agriculture wage labor of the area might lose their working hour due to the loss of agriculture land. During different agriculture season the area is cultivated with variety of crops such as paddy, wheat, mustard, maize etc. with the possible extension of road the area might be converted into road and different cropping activity such as sowing, planting, watering, ploughing don’t require so that wage labor could lose their opportunity. Magnitudes of such impacts are envisaged to low, site specific and short term.

Workforce camp operation 100. The proposed road upgrading work will operate different camps for the facility of labors and other construction workforce. The resulting impacts will be social conflicts, impacts on public health, water pollution, impacts on hydrology, land acquisition, loss of vegetation, air pollution etc. The detail of such impacts is discussed under the respective sections. The resulting impacts will be moderate in magnitude, local in extent and medium term in duration. The resulting impacts will be direct in nature.

Cutting, filling and drain scouring 101. The cutting and filling work during the construction phase may scour and erode on embankment due to the increase in surface runoff. The rain easily plugged out the loose materials in cut and fill section of the road. This phenomenon is prominent in the rainy season. This may lead to the sedimentation and water pollution in the Godavari, Kodku, Nallu, Bhardev Khola as well as nearby water sources. The resulting impacts will be moderate in magnitude, site specific in extent and short term in duration. The resulting impacts will be direct in nature.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 43

Construction hazard such as landslide, slope failure and spoil disposal 102. During construction, workers will be exposed to various kind of risk and accident during work. Due to the sudden failure of slope and improper disposal of spoil leads to the sudden disaster in the construction worker as well as nearby dwellers. This impact is direct, high in magnitude, short term and site specific.

Social Conflict and disputes 103. Access facilities may bring social nuisance like increase in alcohol consumption, gambling, prostitution, and may increase girl trafficking. The impact will be indirect, moderate, local and for short term.

Occupational health and safety 104. During construction, workers will be exposed to respiration and eye diseases due to exposure to dust, risk of accident during work, polluted drinking water, unhygienic sanitary facilities, hearing loss due to high level of noise. Increased contact between local and migrated workers can spread serious health diseases like STDs and HIV/AIDS. This impact is direct, high in magnitude, short term and site specific.

Operation Stage Road Safety and possible accidents 105. Movement of vehicles in the road will invite accidents. Inadequate provisions of road safety measures like no provisions of signals and lack of enforcement of traffic rules during operation period may invite accidents. The impact will be direct, moderate, local and long term in nature.

RoW encroachment 106. The RoW encroachment by the development of settlements, shops and food stalls along the road side soon after the construction of road for economic opportunities will be increased. Increase in land value adjoining the road and land speculation are important drivers for such undesired and uncontrolled development. Negative consequences of ribbon settlement are the blockage of road due to unmanaged encroachment of a right of way constructing houses and shops, delay in private and public transport, increment in accidents, hindrances for maintenance of work, haphazard garbage disposal, poor sanitation that may result in undesired landscape aesthetics, and reduction of the overall road capacity. The impact will be moderate, local level and long term in nature.

Population pressure and impact due to new settlements along the road and possible ribbon settlements development 107. Development of settlements, shops and food stalls along the roadside soon after the construction of road for economic opportunities will be increased. To increase in land value adjoining the road and land speculation are important drivers for such undesired and uncontrolled development. Negative consequences of ribbon settlement are the blockage of road due to unmanaged encroachment of a right of way constructing houses and shops, delay in private and public transport that may result in development of ribbon settlement along the road alignment. The impact will be moderate, local level and long term in nature.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 44

Social Conflicts due to change in community structures 108. The construction and operation of road will lead to increased quality of life, education, healthcare facilities, infrastructure development etc. These activities can change the thinking way of the local people which further changes in attitude and social norms. People may leave their family in their villages to dwell near the new spots for economic incentives. This will ultimately affect the traditional bonds, norms and functions of the family. This will also cause impact on social and cultural transition. Furthermore, after the construction of road, there will be influx of more people to the area from different parts with different ethnicity. Hence, cultural mixing and conflicts among different cultural groups may occur. The impact will be indirect, moderate, local and long term in nature.

Cultural conflicts due to immigration of peoples from outside area 109. Godavari area is one of the beautiful natural scenic areas in the Kathmandu valley and nowadays people prefer the semi urban area for the hectic life in the city and consciousness to their health. So the road joins the city and village area in shortest distances so people may migrate towards semi urban and village area which leads into a new cocktail of cultures. This change of culture may lead conflicts among the people living from long time and immigrants. The impact will be indirect, moderate, local and long term in nature.

Displacement of local and poor people by rich peoples from outside attracted due to enhanced access 110. The immigration of people from outside might be attracted to the easy access and easy accessible of natural resources such as clean air, water and scenic beauty of the country side and settle there. Poor and marginalized people might attract to their money and could easily sell their property for instant pleasure, which could displace them from the area by losing their traditional limited property. The magnitude shall be low in extent shall be site specific and the duration shall be long term.

Possible cultural invasion and social disputes 111. Influx of work force from different parts of the country may have different ethics, cultural and religious background. This situation might increase the conflicts and violence between workers themselves as well as between workers and locals. Thus, crime rate might also be increased during construction stage. The magnitude shall be low the extent shall be site specific and the duration shall be long term.

Increase problem in social security 112. The relative increase in the population increases the demand of basic needs like food, drinking water, security, energy etc. There may be shortage of these basic things to feed the large population. And moreover, increase in the population density of the site may lead to different social or cultural disputes among them. This might increase crime rate in the project area. The magnitude of impact envisages to be low, local and long term

Threat in cultural assets 113. The immigrants might have different cultural background than that of traditionally living people of the area. The road corridor area consists of temple along its alignment. The

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 45

immigrants might disrespect these cultural assets of the area and could damage the settings of the temple. The impact is envisaged to be low, local and long term.

Impairment of cultural and historical monuments / areas 114. There are not any cultural, religious and archeologically significant monuments located along the road alignment. Hence, the impact has not been evaluated.

6.2.2 Physical Issues Construction Stage Issues regarding route clearance 115. Due to the upgrading of the proposed road route clearance will be the primary activity. Route clearance is the impact as imposed by the land use. So, the impact to the route clearance is well presented in the land use change section.

Change in land use pattern of project affected areas 116. Due to the upgrading of the proposed road there will be change in land use mainly by the conversion of 2.33 ha private land and 4.36 ha of public land (including 0.438 ha forest land) into the road, and the degradation of road adjacent to the road corridors by disposing spoils. The changes in land use will have impact on loss of agricultural land, which will directly reduce the agricultural production. Similarly, there will be also some change in land use due to expansion of roadside settlements like tea shops, temporary shops and labor camps etc. The envisaged impact is long term, local in extent and medium in magnitude.

Landslides and erosion slope destabilization 117. Removal of vegetation and open cuts with exposed soil to rain may cause soil erosion as well as landslide. As the road is an existing corridor, hill slopes will not be disturbed by new cuttings of slope. There are no any major instability areas along the road alignment. The likely impact is indirect, low, site specific and short term depending on cases.

Sedimentation 118. The construction of road including the quarry operation, spoil disposal, material stockpiling, and campsite management will have adverse impact on the surface and sub- surface hydrology of the project area. Several gullies will be affected due to project construction. The primary impacts associated with surface hydrology are increased quick runoff due to comparatively low infiltration rate of constructed and black-topped road as compared to present condition. The ill management of materials resulted from improper management of spoil will be washed away by the rainwater and produce significant amount of sediment. The sediment will also have adverse impacts on the existing hydrological condition of the area. The overall impact on hydrology will be moderate magnitude, regional extent and short term in duration.

Solid waste disposal 119. Construction activities can generate many types of solid wastes. Mainly two types of wastes: construction related solid waste and domestic waste will be generated during the construction phase. These wastes might cause problem if not handled properly. The waste

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 46

like debris, broken brick piece, sand, waste cement, domestic waste like organic food are the major waste. The organic wastes are biodegradable and may decay to emit foul smell. Besides, they may also attract rodents, flies and other insects which may result in further health hazard among the people working at the construction sites and shanty settlement around the sites. The magnitude of impact is moderate, local and of medium term.

Spoil disposal (construction and labor camp) 120. Earthwork is a major activity associated with road construction, which involves excavation; cutting of slopes and formation of embankment, fresh cut invites landslides and erosion during monsoon. Similarly, the excavated materials need to be disposed in a nearby place. The inappropriate and unstable spoil disposal is the biggest environmental problem in road construction particularly in hill ecological regions of Nepal. The common likely problems from the inappropriate disposal of spoils are:

 Gullying and erosion of spoil tips, especially when combined with unmanaged surface water runoff,  Slope overloading and resultant failure and mass wasting,  Disruption of natural drainage pattern, causing scouring, erosion and landslide,  Damage and destruction of existing vegetation,  Damage to irrigation systems, drinking water schemes and crops through direct deposition or indirectly as result of mass flow,  Water pollution and degradation of water quality.

121. The likely impact of earthwork excavation and disposal is direct, high level in magnitude, site specific and short term nature.

Water pollution 122. The water quality data within the project area is not available. Nevertheless the quality of water in the water bodies, within the project area appears to be fairly good, as is proven by the fact that they are widely utilized for irrigation, and drinking for cattle without any ill effect. Water from the roadside drain outlets may cause erosion and landslide affecting the stability of the road. Natural drainage may get blocked due to construction of road. The water quality in the project area appears to be fairly clean and not polluted. During construction these water bodies may be polluted by spoil and construction wastes. The impact will be direct, moderate, local, short term.

Noise pollution 123. The project area at present does not experience higher levels of noise pollution. The project construction activities and mobility of people at the construction sites and camps is the main source of noise. The labour based construction through greatly reduces the noise level in the construction sites. During the construction period background noise level in and around the site is expected to increase to about 50-60dBA. As the site is not with dense settlement, the impact to human receptors (except for the construction workers) is considered to be insignificant. The impact of road construction on the noise level will be direct, moderate, local, short term.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 47

Air pollution 124. The water quality within the project area is not tested. Nevertheless, quality of water in the water bodies within the project area appears to be fairly good as they are widely used by households for drinking purpose. During construction, waterbodies may be polluted by spoil and construction wastes, open defecation in natural streams by construction workers. The impact will be direct, low, local, short term in nature.

Stockpiling of construction materials 125. Construction of roads needs variety of materials such as boulders, stones, earthen materials, sand, cement, gabion weir etc. these materials may be stored and disposed haphazardly. These non-degrading materials give an unaesthetic look of the disposal areas and also pollute land by degrading its quality for agricultural & other vegetation growth. The haphazard piling and disposal around the active construction sites also degrade the land quality; decreases aesthetic beauty of the land and also cause sedimentation & erosion from stock piling on adjoining lands at the event of rain and high runoff. Such storage if unregulated is a concern of land pollution and aesthetics in and around the areas. The envisaged impacts are direct, local, short term, high magnitude, and of moderate significance.

Operation Stage Reclamation of spoil disposal site 126. The spoil placement sites are the sites of poor land use value at present. With the placement of the spoil, these sites could be rehabilitated to better land uses for community such as recreational lands or lands for afforestation. Prior community consultation on this regard is essential for a collective decision. The overall impact is positive direct, site specific, long term, moderate magnitude.

Removal of labor camp/ construction camp 127. Left over materials and decommissioned materials of labour as well as construction camp produces different categorical wastes such as corrugated sheets, bricks, stones, soil, plastics, cardboard, tins, bottles that ultimately exert the pollution load in the area. If the waste is not managed properly it will adversely affect the health and sanitation condition of the area and degrade the aesthetics of the area. The overall impact is indirect, site specific, short term, low magnitude.

Slope Instability 128. Destabilization of slope (quarrying stones or soil, cultivation, opening of branch roads), poor maintenance of road, and blockage of drains can lead to slides and slope failure. Sensitive areas for possible slope stability problems are the areas of steep cut; and surroundings of streams. The impact will be direct, moderate, local and long term.

Impact regarding drainage management 129. The used lubricants of the vehicles, if disposed openly, will wash out to the surface and percolate to subsurface water of the area. Various vehicular activities like spillage of petroleum and lubricants, washing of vehicles, vehicular movement in the water surface etc will also contribute to the water pollution. Other indirect activities of road operation,

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 48

especially the increased activities of increased human population will especially be responsible for the water pollution of the project area. The magnitude of water pollution in the operation phase will be moderate; the extent is envisaged to be local and the duration to be long.

Change in land use 130. Similarly, while maintaining RoW and maintenance activities, the land uses might be change. Overall the vicinity area along the alignment might be converted in built up structure following business house, residential and commercial area. The present land use somehow change in the future after the operation of road. The magnitude of impact is high, local and long term and the impact is direct.

Air and noise pollution 131. Operation of increased number of additional vehicles due to improved road can cause air pollution and noise pollution. The noise of horns arising from vehicles can be a nuisance at the sensitive spots like settlements and forest. Most of the road alignment passes through a forest land, it itself acts as a shelter belt for noise and air dust so the impact will be direct, of low significance, local and long-term in nature.

6.2.3 Biological Issues Construction Stage Issues regarding vegetation clearance (route clearance) 132. The issues imposed by the vegetation clearance are well explained in cutting of trees and clearing of shrubs and herbs of the forest areas which eventually causes loss in biodiversity of the project area section. 217 trees loss from CFs, NF and 76 Private trees will be cut down.

Cutting of trees and clearing of shrubs and herbs of the forest areas which eventually causes loss in biodiversity of the project area 133. 217 numbers of trees will be felled from CFs, National forest and religious forest and 76 trees from Private land need to be cut down. So in total 293 Trees need to be cut down. However some of the trees can adjust while maintaining RoW. The impact will be confined to the road alignment and thus will be local, direct, long-term and of high significance.

Issues on the protected species of flora and fauna 134. It is noted that Okhar and Lapsi is GoN protected tree species. There will be impact on rare, endangered or vulnerable flora and fauna like Jackle, Rato Badar. The impact will be indirect, medium, local and for long term.

Disturbances in wildlife activities and corridor of wildlife movements 135. The baseline databases reveal that the habitat area to be affected by the project is not the core habitat area of the wildlife and vegetation communities. It represents the fringe habitat and is already under the influence of the local communities. The overall impact is indirect, site specific, short term, low magnitude.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 49

Fragmentation on existing ecosystem 136. The baseline databases reveal that the habitat area to be affected by the project is not the core habitat area of the wildlife and vegetation communities. It represents the fringe habitat and is already under the influence of the local communities. The overall impact is indirect, site specific, short term, low magnitude.

Operation Stage Impacts on forest resources 137. The pressure on forest and forest resources during operation phase will result indirectly from the improved public/vehicular access to forest. The impacts include accelerated logging, illegal extraction of timber and incidental forest fires, and the introduction of invasive species (weeds, pests). These activities might increase due to easy access of transportation. The impact will be medium, local and long-term.

Disturbances on the corridor of the wildlife movement 138. The road alignment is passes through parallel to the Godavari khola. It breaks a landscape level connection between hills. As per the concern due to absence of core habitat area the impact is considered insignificant for the operation of the road. The impact will be indirect, low, local and short term in nature.

Possible illegal hunting and poaching of wildlife 139. Illegal hunting of wild-fauna by the temporary dwellers inside the forest area may take place during operation and maintenance phase. Shooting of birds in the project area may increase during the maintenance. The impact will be indirect, moderate, local and short term in nature.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 50

7. ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS 140. Alternative analysis is considered as an integral as a part of an IEE study, which involves an examination of alternative ways of achieving the objectives of a proposed project. The alternative analysis for a road project constitutes the development of an alternative transportation network for the enhancement of safe and faster connectivity of the rural area to market centers and there by improve the economic conditions of the people living in the zone of influence. The various possible alternatives are discussed in the following sub-sectors.

7.1 No Action Option 141. This alternative assesses the consequences if the proposal is not implemented. An earthen road currently exists, which is operable only in fair weather. The road connects a remote and poverty ridden area with high potential in dairy, vegetable, tea and coffee productions. People have been selling the products to the markets of Kathmandu Valley. However, travel time and cost is high due to seasonal nature and earthen standard of the existing road. Rehabilitation of the road will decrease the cost as well as provide better access facility with enhanced opportunity for development of the area without any additional significant adverse impacts. The no action option may avoid environmental impacts, but only at the cost of poverty and under development of the area.

7.2 Proposal Alternatives 142. The proposed road is to be upgraded to enhance the access of local people and has minimum adverse impacts on the environment. Therefore, the proposed road, which would provide improved access to market centers through safe mode of transportation goods and services produced within the area, would be the best option to serve the purposes of transportation requirement and environmental conservation.

7.3 Alternative Design and Construction Approach 143. The conventional road construction is done by contractors with heavy machineries and equipment, heavy concrete structures for retaining slopes. Construction work is done manually by the local labour without using heavy machinery and explosives. Spoil disposal is minimized through balance in cut and fill. Small engineering structures are used as far as possible. Vegetation cover is maintained through application of re-plantation and stabilization of slopes is achieved through bio-engineering. Using local manual labor helps to inject money in local economy through the wages earned by the people. There will also be ownership feeling among the community towards the road. The proposed road has been designed considering combination of both the LEP approach for works possible through manual labor (earth excavation, bio-engineering, gabion structures), and contractor-based approaches for works that require mechanized applications (gravelling or construction of RCC cross drainage structures).

7.4 Alternative Schedule 144. During the rainy season, the construction work will be stopped. Rehabilitation and construction work will be carried out during the remaining months. The construction period is more appropriate from October to June due to dry weather, and then the people are generally free from farming activities.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 51

7.5 Alternative Resources 145. Stones and boulders for gabions and masonry are available in nearby quarries, whereas fine aggregates like sand has to be transported from other location. The proposed construction will optimally use the local labour force and local materials.

7.6 No Forest Alternative 146. This is existing track and proposed for rehabilitation and reconstruction. The road already crossed seven CFs, NF and RF. The widening of the road to prescribed standard is expected to affect a very narrow strip of forest at few shorter sections. Realignment of the road to avoid forest area is expected to affect larger parcel of private land that increase compensation and resettlement cost. Therefore no forest alternative has been considered for this road sub-project. However, the use of forest land is limited to formation width only.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 52

8. BENEFIT AUGMENTATION AND MITIGATION MEASURE 147. Mitigation refers to the measures that are designed to cope with adverse consequences and to enhance the positive impacts on the environment as a result of the Sub-project implementation. An effective implementation of benefit maximization measures and adverse impacts mitigation measures would optimize the benefits expected from the Sub-project and avoid/minimize the adverse impact. The impacts that have been identified, predicted and evaluated in Chapter 6 have following benefit enhancement and mitigation measures.

8.1 Mitigation Measures during Pre-construction Phase 148. The mitigation measures adopted during design or pre-construction phases are preventive in nature and have two basic objectives: a. Avoiding costly mitigation measures, and b. Increasing awareness amongst the stakeholders for environmental management of road construction and operation.

8.1.1 Detailed Survey and Design 149. The road design has followed the rural road standards developed by DoLIDAR. The works will be executed through National Competitive Bidding (NCB) package by the contractors. Bio-engineering techniques will be applied for stabilization of slopes, which is sustainable, environmental friendly and can be done by using local resources and manpower. To improve the transport services for the people living along the road and link local areas with the main market, acquisition of land would be required.

150. Relevant issues raised during public consultation have been addressed under respective mitigation measures. Therefore, no separate mitigation measures are warranted for the concerns raised by the local people.

8.2 Benefit Augmentation Measures 8.2.1 Socio-economic and Cultural Issues Construction Stage Employment opportunity 151. Life skill training will be given to uplift the socio-economic condition of the affected people.

Increase income of local peoples through training 152. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.

Small scale enterprise development and business promotion 153. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.

Rent from land acquired temporarily during construction 154. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 53

Commercialization in agricultural products among local communities 155. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.

Increase the number of road side business 156. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.

Help to increase a tourism and eco-tourism opportunities 157. Flow of tourists due to easier accessibility to project area will contribute in the enhancement of economic activities of the area which will increase the living condition of the local people. Development of lodges, restaurants and hotels for the tourists will be rationally supported.

Operation & Maintenance Stage Increase an economic valuation of land of then project affected VDCs 158. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.

Reduced travel costs 159. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.

Mainstreaming of local culture and products 160. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.

Increase cost opportunity of local farmers for their agricultural products 161. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.

Employment of local people 162. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.

Market development opportunity 163. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.

Women empowerment 164. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.

Explore opportunities on horticultural crops / cash crops cultivation 165. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.

Opportunity for small scale Industrial development viz. cottage industries, poultry farm, dairy farm, handicraft, eco-resort and lodge for tourism business and other agricultural farm development (e.g. mushroom farming) 166. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.

Encourage to maintain temple present in project affected area such as Tikabhairav temple and nearby cultural shrine.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 54

167. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.

Dissemination of spiritual and religious values of different place that the local peoples were adopted in project affected areas. 168. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.

8.3 Adverse Issues/Impacts Mitigation Measures 169. The likely adverse impacts during upgrading and subsequent operation and maintenance in terms of physical, biological, socioeconomic, cultural and religious aspects due to project actions were identified, predicted and evaluated. Based on the identified impacts, appropriate mitigation measures shall be recommended.

8.3.1 Socio-economic and Cultural Impacts Mitigation Measures Construction Stage Issues of land and property acquisition and resettlements and population displacement 170. Mitigation measures will be as follows:

 Compensation for loss of property,  Compensation for loss of standing crops and temporary use in agriculture land,  Plantation of trees along the both sides of road to act as dust and noise barrier,  Support in agriculture extension to increase productivity.  Compensation of NRs 84382,947.54 against loss of land will be provided.

Impacts due to loss of structures/infrastructures existing in RoW of proposed road 171. Compensation will be provided as per the resettlement plan to the affected person for the displacement of houses and other structures. NRs 18,861,852.57 will be given as the compensatory cost for private properties and NRS 6,993,741.89 will be given as the compensatory cost for public properties.

Pressures on social service facilities such as water, electricity, open ground etc. 172. The project will manage the additional required social services coordinating with the local stakeholders and Municipality officials of the affected wards.

Employment Loss 173. Project will give the priority to the daily wages labour of the affected wards as far as possible depending upon their skill. This will certainly ensure their job guarantee in the project.

Work force camp operation 174. The mitigation measures resulting from the campsite management include site selection away from residential/settlement area, separate water supply and separate supply of daily commodities, proper toilet and sanitary facilities with their within the campsite, restriction on workers for night time activities, and routine health check-ups. A written permission shall be obtained from the respective owners or stakeholders before the

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 55

campsite is placed in the area. The campsite will be restored to original land use condition after the use of the area is over.

Cutting, filling and drain scouring 175. Lined drains in the settlement areas need to be constructed and the drains should be link with the main drains outlets consulting the local people to avoid the scouring. The major construction activities will not be coincided with the rainy season. The drainage improvement work shall be performed as per the design. The proper bio-engineering work on the embankment slopes anchors the vulnerable area.

Construction hazard such as landslide, slope failure and spoil disposal 176. Make mandatory the use of helmets, safety belts, masks, gloves and boot by workers depending on nature of work, first aid facilities at sites and camp with training to use them; provide group accidental insurance for workers. Awareness generation to local people and installation of sign board in the vulnerable area.

Social Conflict and disputes 177. Support awareness raising programs and strengthen communities against such nuisances.

Occupational health and safety 178. Make mandatory the use of helmets, safety belts, masks, gloves and boot by workers depending on nature of work; sprinkle water at high dust sites; provide clean drinking water at sites and camp; pit toilets at sites and camp; first aid facilities at sites and camp with training to use them; provide group accidental insurance for workers. Awareness generation to local people and workers on HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases.

Operation Stage Road Safety and possible accidents 179. During road operation, there are likely chances of accidents. The mitigation measures adopted will be:

 Appropriate spoil disposal sites should be identified and utilize  Applying appropriate road safety measure  Applying appropriate road safety measures with the help of 3-Es i.e. Engineering, Enforcement and Education  Enforcement is usually made through traffic laws, regulation and controls like restriction on vehicle speed  Education is done by sufficient publicity and awareness raising programs. It aims at improving the human factor in traffic performance.  Engineering phase is the one which is constructive. It deals with improvement of road geometrics, providing additional road facilities and installation of suitably designed traffic control devices.  Required safety signs will be used along the road.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 56

RoW Encroachment 180. There will be chances of growing ribbon settlements along the road during operation phase and encroachment of RoW. The following mitigation measures will be adopted:

 Awareness raising programme through local organizations to plan proper settlements  Regulate settlement growth with proper land use planning/zoning along RoW  Co-ordinate with the local authority to maintain good shape of RoW ensuring no encroachment.

Population pressure and impact due to new settlements along the road alignment and possible ribbon settlements development 181. There will be chances of growing ribbon settlements along the road during operation phase. This may cause congestion to road users and invite accidents. The following mitigation measures will be adopted:

 Awareness raising programme through local organizations to plan proper settlements  Regulate settlement growth with proper land use planning/zoning along RoW  Plantation of trees along the road.

Social and Cultural Conflicts due to change in community structures 182. The mitigation measures recommended will be facilitating awareness raising programmes to the communities about negative social behavior like gambling, excess use of alcohol.

Displacement of local and poor people by rich peoples from outside attracted due to enhanced access 183. Affected wards will coordinate to the DCC on discouraging the selling of land less than 1 ropani in the project area.

Possible cultural invasion and social disputes 184. The mitigation measures recommended will be facilitating awareness raising programmes to the communities about negative social behavior like gambling, excess use of alcohol etc.

Increase problem in social security 185. The mitigation measures recommended will be facilitating awareness raising programmes to the communities about negative social behavior like gambling, excess use of alcohol etc.

Threat in cultural assets 186. The mitigation measures recommended will be facilitating awareness raising programmes to the communities to respect the various cultures and tradition and local authority is informed to conduct special kind of harmony programme to maintain special cultural bond between diversity of culture.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 57

8.3.2 Physical Issues Construction Stage Change in land use pattern of project affected areas. 187. There will be no mitigation measures for the permanent loss of agricultural, forest land. However, following mitigation measures will be adopted to compensate the loss of land into built up area:

 Applying additional protective measures (bio-engineering and retaining structure) that the remaining land will not be lost due to erosion.  Minimize use of fertile agriculture land and forest areas, private properties.  Roadside plantation of trees will be done to increase greenery in the area.  During re-vegetation, local species identified during the survey will be used.  The spoil site will be stabilized with bio-engineering.

Landslides and erosion slope destabilization 188. The mitigation measures will be balance cut and fill; ensuring minimum cut slope depending upon the soil type; Re-vegetation of Lajavati (Mimosa pudica), Dubo (Cynodon dactylon), Sisnu (Urtica dioca), Titepati (Artemisia indica), Bamboo (Bambussa tulda), Utis (Alnus nepalensis), Kadam (Anthocephalus chinensis) and others will be planted on the exposed areas; adoption of bio-engineering techniques; no construction work during rainy season; and use of simple engineering structures (dry wall, check dams) before disposing spoil.

Sedimentation 189. The road will have some adverse impact on hydrology of the project area throughout its operation period. The project shall regularly maintain structural and bio-engineering measures in cut slope to mitigate the sedimentation impact of the area. Plantation of trees on backfill area of retention structures and retaining structures shall be commenced to minimize the sedimentation in nearby river bodies located or crossing road such Godavari Khola, Nallu Khola, Bhardeu, Nalllu Khola and Kodku. The roadside drains shall be regularly maintained so that they remain operational.

Solid waste disposal 190. During the construction considerable quantity of construction waste such as plastic, earth, debris, broken brick piece, sand, waste cement, domestic waste like organic food etc. will be generated. Separate bins with different coding colors for categorical waste will be provided for the workers. Solid waste generated during construction phase will be separated and reused as far as possible. Some of the items like packing materials, left over reinforcement bars will be sold to scrap dealers. Other collected waste will be appropriately disposed with coordinating the municipal authority.

Spoil disposal (construction and labor camp) 191. Spoil will be safely disposed and managed at designated site with minimum environmental damage. Top soils will be separated and used in agricultural land. Engineer will give approval for disposal site of spoil. Balanced cut and fill and reuse of excavated

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 58

materials will be given emphasis. Spoil will be used to reclaim land or eroded areas. Disposal site will be provided with proper drainage, vegetation and adequate protection against erosion. Potential safe spoil management areas are in the chainage section 0+980, 5+900, 6+900, 13+600. Total 147,831.62 m3 volume of spoil will be generated.

192. 20696.4268 m3 at ch 0+980, 54697.6994 m3 at ch 5+900, 22174.743 m3 at ch 6+900 and 50262.7508 m3 spoil at 13+600 will be done for the management of spoil. However separate spoil disposal plan will be prepared before the implementation of the sub-project.

Water pollution 193. The mitigation measures will be to provide adequate numbers of drainage structures in order to have minimum interference with natural drainage pattern of the area; channelize surface water discharge from side drains; do not block or divert water away from natural watercourse.

Noise pollution  Provision of ear plugs to the construction workforce working in noisy area  Restriction on the noise producing activities at the night time zone.

Air pollution  Water sprinkling in the site in regular interval.

Stockpiling of construction materials 194. Haphazard storage of construction in all areas (camps and construction sites) will be strictly prohibited and only be stored in designated area far away from the agriculture land and water bodies.

Operation Stage Reclamation of spoil disposal site 195. The sites will be developed into better land use in consultation with local communities.

Labor camp/construction camp 196. The mitigation measure wll be reuse and safe disposal of decommissioned waste.

Issues regarding Slope Instability 197. The mitigation measures to be adopted include immediate clearance of slides; provide breast wall, retaining wall and restoration of slopes. Besides, restoration of rill and gully formation, time to time clearance of drainages and soil conservation practices need to ensure for slope stabilization.

Issues regarding drainage management 198. The water of the project area is envisaged to be polluted during the operation period of the road. The road side drains shall be maintained to be operational so that drainage condition do not produce large amount of sediment runoff. The local people, especially

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 59

youths will be supported to raise the awareness so that people do not drain the polluted water to the roadside drainage that ultimately drains out to the natural sources of water. The project shall support the local people to declare the project area free from the open fecal materials. The impact of this kind will be direct, low, local and long term.

Change in land use 199. The project affected wards shall co-ordinate with the local stakeholders and DCC to control the haphazard commercialization and unplanned housing in the concerned Municipality aiming to control the existing land use practices.

Air and noise pollution 200. To mitigate the adverse impact of road on the air quality during its operation phase, the road condition will be regularly maintained and the vehicles that pass the emission test as per the national standards shall be used to operate in the road. Provision of sign board to restrict horn on sensitive area such as health centers, schools etc.

8.3.3 Biological Issues Construction Stage Cutting of trees and clearing of shrubs and herbs of the forest areas which eventually cause loss in biodiversity of the project area 201. The following activities are proposed to cut the trees from the forest area during the road construction.

 Forest clearance approval will be obtained from the DFO and MoFSC.  Government procedures such as counting the number of trees to be felled, marking and measuring wood quantity etc. will be followed.

202. According to the Government of Nepal (2071/01/12 BS): Standard for Removing Government Trees, 2071 BS and Working Procedure to Use National Forest area for National Priority Projects, 2074 BS, the sub-project has to carry out plantation (with protection for five years) or pay for the plantation and protection cost to the District Forest Office.Total 217 trees need to be cut down from Community forest, Religious forest and National forest. So, in total 5,425 seedlings have to be planted for compensatory plantation with estimated cost of NRs 889,971.00 as given in Annex VII A. This cost will be provided to CFUGs through DFO. Location and type of species for the plantation will be selected by the CFUGs/DFO. However, emphasis will be given to local, multiple use species.The forest products from the forest will be used by CFUGs. Likewise, for the 76 trees to be cut down from the private land, at the ratio of 1:1 trees will be done by the sub-project or the seedling and plantation cost of NRs 5,160.4 as given in Annex VII B. For the plantation, total estimated cost is NRs 895,131.40. Calculation of per plant plantation cost in community forest and private land is given in Annex VII C & D. For the compensatory plantation in CF and private land, compensatory plantation cost, sample agreement between DFO, CFUG and DCC/DTO has been attached in Annex VII E. Similalry compensatory plan and the road side plantation plan and plantation in private land have been given in Annex VII F.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 60

Issues on the protected species of flora and fauna 203. Wildlife irrespective of common species will be protected and minimum or no damage strategy will be adopted to conserve the species. Moreover, the awareness raising program will generate the protection ethics of protected flora and fauna.

Disturbances in wildlife activities and corridor of wildlife movements 204. The envisaged impact is residual impact of the project. No mitigation measures will be implemented since the impact significance is low or insignificant.

Fragmentation on existing ecosystem 205. The envisaged impact is residual impact of the project. No mitigation measures will be implemented since the impact significance is low or insignificant.

Operation Stage Depletion of forest resources 206. District Road office will coordinate with DFO in raising awareness to control accelerated logging, illegal extraction of timber and NTFPs. The cost for awareness raising training is NRs. 100,000.00.

Disturbances on the corridor of the wildlife movement 207. No mitigation measure is proposed.

Possible illegal hunting and poaching of wildlife 208. There may occur illegal hunting during construction period by building group members andproject staff. The following mitigation measures will be adopted:

 Restriction to work during night time  Restriction to wildlife harassment by the workers  Coordination with DFO and CFUGs to control the activities like illegal hunting and poaching of wild fauna, especially listed in CITES and IUCN red data book by enforcing acts and regulations strictly.  The project will launch wildlife conservation awareness program and awareness board installation in critical places.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 61

9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 209. The environmental management plan (EMP) is prepared to guide the implementation of mitigation measures and monitoring requirements. It includes institutions and their roles, environmental management activities, environmental management organizational structure and budget for mitigation measures.

9.1 Institutions and Their Roles 210. Different institutions involved in the IEE and EMP implementation and roles of these institutions are given in Table 26. The environmental management organizational structure is given in Figure 13.

Table 26: Institutions and Their Roles Institution Role Responsibility in The Remarks Project Ministry of Executive agency and To review and approve Executing Federal Affairs concerned IEE approval TOR for IEE and IEE agency and Local authority as per EPA/EPR. report, Conduct Development environmental monitoring from central level. Department of Responsible to execute Overall coordination Executing Local infrastructure projects and supervision of the Agency Infrastructure under MoFALD. Provides RRRSDP-2 in central Development backup support to DCCs in level. and Agricultural technical matters through Roads DTO. It also supports DCCs (DOLIDAR) through DTOs to implement the project activities. RRRSDP- Project specific unit.  Technical Unit to Project unit at Project support and coordinate national level Coordination all activities for Unit implementation of RRRSDP. Review, comment, and forward IEE ToR and Report for review and approval to MoFALD through DCCs. District DCC/DTO is Project  Prepare IEE ToR and Coordination Implementing Agency. submit for approval to Implementation Committee MoFALD Conduct IEE unit (DCC) / District Study, Public Technical Office Consultation, and (DTO) prepare IEE Report  Receive comments

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 62

9.2 Implementation of benefit augmentation and mitigation measures 211. The DCC/DTO will be responsible for the implementation of benefit augmentation and mitigation measures proposed in Chapter 8 Various agencies including PCU, local bodies and concerned governmental line agencies will support DCC/DTO for the implementation of mitigation measures. The detail action plan for activities to be carried out to augment beneficial impacts and reduce/mitigate adverse impact produced from the implementation of the proposal, and the responsible implementing and supporting agencies are provided in environmental management plan is presented in Tables 27 and 28.

Table 27: Likely Beneficial Impacts and Proposed Enhancement Measures Benefical Impact Impact Benefit Augmentation Measures Responsibility for Ranking Enhancement Status Measure Socio-economic (Construction phase) Employment SG 45 Life skill training to uplift the socio- Project, Contractor opportunity(15,529 economic condition. skilled and 53,822 unskilled person/day) Increase income of VS 85 No benefit augmentation measures Project, Contractor local peoples through are planned for this. training Small scale enterprise VS85 No benefit augmentation measures Project, Contractor, development and are planned for this. local people business promotion

Rent from land SG 45 No benefit augmentation measures Project, Contractor acquired temporarily are planned for this. during construction Commercialization in SG 60 No benefit augmentation measures Project, Contractor, agricultural products are planned for this. local people among local communities Increase the number ISG 40 No benefit augmentation measures Project, Contractor, of road side business are planned for this. local people Help to increase a VS 100 Development of lodges, restaurants Project, Contractor, tourism and eco- and hotels for the tourists will be local people tourism opportunities supported. Socio-economic (Operation phase) Increase an economic SG 60 No benefit augmentation measures Project, local valuation of land are planned for this. people Reduced travel costs VS 100 No benefit augmentation measures DCC, Local, Private are planned for this. Sector Mainstreaming of local VS 100 No benefit augmentation measures DCC, Project, local culture and products are planned for this. people, NGOs Increase cost VS 100 No benefit augmentation measures Local people, opportunity of local are planned for this. NGOs farmers for their

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 64

Benefical Impact Impact Benefit Augmentation Measures Responsibility for Ranking Enhancement Status Measure agricultural products Employment of local VS 85 No benefit augmentation measures Project, DCC, people are planned for this. Private Sector, NGOs Market development VS 100 No benefit augmentation measures Project, DCC, opportunity are planned for this. Private Sector, NGOs

Women empowerment SG 100 No benefit augmentation measures Project, DCC, are planned for this. Private Sector, NGOs Explore opportunities SG 60 No benefit augmentation measures DCC, local people on horticultural crops / are planned for this. cash crops cultivation

Opportunity for small SG50 No benefit augmentation measures Project, DCC, scale Industrial are planned for this. Private Sector, development NGOs Encourage to maintain VS 100 No benefit augmentation measures Project, DCC temple present in are planned for this. project affected area Dissemination of SG50 No benefit augmentation measures Project, DCC spiritual and religious are planned for this. values of different place

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 65

Table 28: Adverse Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures

Impact Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Adverse Ranking Measures Status Responsible Relevant Executing Supporting agency Agency Socio-economic and Cultural Environment (Construction Stage) Issues of land VS 75 Compensation of Project Proponent/Co acquisition (9.74 ha NRs 84,382,947.54 nsultant of land need for will be provided implementation of against the loss of project, 5.38 ha under land. private ownership in which 3.05 ha is already occupied by the existing road and 2.33 ha land of new private land as new cutting and 4.36 ha land from public land Impacts due to loss of VS 75 As per the Project Proponent/Co structures/infrastructu Resettlement Plan nsultant res existing in RoW of Compensation of proposed road (loss NRS 25,855,594.46 of 124 private will be provided. structure and 6 public structure) Pressures on social ISG 25 Manage the Project Proponent/Co service facilities such additional required nsultant as water, electricity, social services open ground, coordinating with the grassland etc. local stakeholders and municipality officials. Employment Loss ISG 25 Priority to the daily Project Proponent/Co wages labour of the nsultant affected wards for the employment opporyunities depending upon their skill. Workforce camp SG 50 Site selection away Contractor Proponent/Co operation from nsultant residential/settlement area, proper toilet

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 66

Impact Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Adverse Ranking Measures Status Responsible Relevant Executing Supporting agency Agency and sanitary facilities within the campsite, restriction on workers for night time activities, and routine health check-ups. A written permission shall be obtained from the respective owners or stakeholders before the campsite is placed in the area. Cutting, filling and ISG 35 Construction of lined Contractor Proponent/Co drain scouring drains and linkage to nsultant main drains outlets, construction activities will not be coincided with the rainy season. The drainage improvement work shall be performed as per the design and proper bio- engineering work on the embankment slopes. Construction hazard VS 75 Use of helmets, Project / Proponent/Co such as landslide, safety belts, masks, Contractor nsultant slope failure and spoil gloves and boot by disposal workers, first aid facilities at sites and provide group accidental insurance for workers. Awareness generation to local people and installation of sign board in the vulnerable area

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 67

Impact Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Adverse Ranking Measures Status Responsible Relevant Executing Supporting agency Agency Social Conflict and SG 45 Support awareness Project Proponent/Co disputes raising programs and nsultant strengthen communities Occupational health VS 75 Mandatory use of Project / Proponent/Co and safety helmets, safety belts, Contractor nsultant masks, gloves and boot by workers depending on nature of work; sprinkle water at high dust sites; provide clean drinking water at sites and camp; pit toilets at sites and camp; first aid facilities at sites and camp with training to use them; provide group accidental insurance for workers. Awareness generation to local people and workers on HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases Socio-economic and Cultural Environment (Operation Stage) Road Safety and SG 60 Appropriate spoil Project Proponent/Co possible accidents disposal sites, road nsultant safety measures with the help of Engineering, Enforcement and Education, controls like restriction on vehicle speed, safety signs will be used along the road RoW Encroachment SG 60 Awareness raising Project / Proponent/Co programme through Contractor nsultant

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 68

Impact Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Adverse Ranking Measures Status Responsible Relevant Executing Supporting agency Agency local organizations to plan proper settlements and regulate settlement growth with proper planning and maintenance of RoW by local authority etc. Population pressure SG 60 Awareness raising Project Proponent/Co and impact due to programme, nsultant new settlements Regulate settlement along the road growth with proper alignment and land use possible ribbon planning/zoning settlements along RoW, development Plantation of trees along the road. Social and cultural SG 60 Awareness raising Project Proponent/Co Conflicts due to programmes to the nsultant change in community communities about structures negative social behavior like gambling, excess use of alcohol. Displacement of local ISG 40 Affected area will Project / Proponent/Co and poor people by coordinate to the Proponent nsultant rich peoples from DCC on discourage outside attracted due the selling land less to enhanced access than 1 ropani in the project area. Possible cultural ISG 40 Awareness raising Project Proponent/Co invasion and social programmes to the nsultant disputes communities about negative social behavior. Increase problem in SG 50 Awareness raising Project Proponent/Co social security programmes to the nsultant communities about negative social behavior. Threat in cultural SG 50 Awareness raising Project Proponent/Co assets programmes to the nsultant

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 69

Impact Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Adverse Ranking Measures Status Responsible Relevant Executing Supporting agency Agency communities, conduct special kind of harmony programme to maintain special bond between diversity of culture. Physical Environment (Construction) Change in land use SG 60 Minimum use of Project / Proponent/Co pattern of project fertilizer. Contractor nsultant affected areas. Applying additional protective measures (bio-engineering and retaining structure) that the remaining land will not be lost due to erosion. Roadside plantation of trees will be done to increase greenery in the area. During re-vegetation, local species identified during the survey will be used. The spoil site will be stabilized with bio- engineering.

Landslides and ISG25 balance cut and fill; Project / Proponent/Co Erosion slope minimum cut slope; Contractor nsultant destabilization Re-vegetation of exposed areas; adoption of bio- engineering techniques; no construction work during rainy season; and use of simple engineering structures (dry wall, check dams) before

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 70

Impact Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Adverse Ranking Measures Status Responsible Relevant Executing Supporting agency Agency disposing spoil. Sedimentation VS85 Structural and bio- Project / Proponent/Co engineering Contractor nsultant measures like retention and retaining walls shall be commenced. Solid waste SG 50 Separate bins with Project / Proponent/Co production and color code for Contractor nsultant disposal categorical waste will be provided for the workers. Solid waste generated will be separated and reused, left over reinforcement bars will be sold to scrap dealers. Spoil disposal VS75 Safe spoil disposal Contractor Proponent/Co and management of nsultant total 147,831.62 m3 at designated site at the ch. 0+980, 5+900, 6+900 and 13+600 with minimum environmental damage. Water pollution SG45 Channelize surface Project / Proponent/Co water discharge from Contractor nsultant side drains; do not block or divert water away from natural watercourse. Noise Pollution SG 45 Provision of ear plugs Project / Proponent/Co and restriction on the Contractor nsultant noise producing activities at the night time zone. Air Pollution SG 35 Water sprinkling in Project / Proponent/Co the site in regular Contractor nsultant interval

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 71

Impact Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Adverse Ranking Measures Status Responsible Relevant Executing Supporting agency Agency Stockpiling of VS85 The stockpiling site Contractor Proponent/Co construction materials will be made far from nsultant the agriculture land and water bodies. Construction material will be covered with tarpaulin during stockpiling to prevent from rain water and dust emission. Physical Environment (Operation and Maintenance) Reclamation of spoil SG 50 developed into better Project / Proponent/Co disposal site land use in Contractor nsultant consultation with local Removal of labor ISG 25 Reuse and safe Project / Proponent/Co camp/ construction disposal of Contractor nsultant camp decommissioned waste Issues regarding SG 60 Immediate clearance Project Proponent/Co Slope Instability of slides, provide nsultant breast wall, retaining wall and restoration of slopes. time to time clearance of drainages and soil conservation practices Issues regarding SG 60 road side drains shall Project Proponent/Co drainage be maintained nsultant management support the local people to declare the project area free from the open fecal materials Change in land use VS 100 Municipality shall co- Municipality DCC/Consulta ordinate with the nt/Local NGOs local stakeholders and DCC to control the haphazard commercialization and unplanned

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 72

Impact Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Adverse Ranking Measures Status Responsible Relevant Executing Supporting agency Agency housing Air and noise SG 50 No horn signals will Project / Proponent/Co pollution be added near the Contractor nsultant settlement and forest area as per the need, all parties will be made to follow the code of conduct Biological Environment (Construction phase) Cutting of trees and VS 100 Total NRs. CFUGs/ DFO/PCU clearing of shrubs 895,131.40 will be DTO/DFO and herbs of the compensated for forest areas which trees lost by eventually causes plantation of 5425 loss of habitat of plants at the ratio of biodiversity in project 1:25 and take area responsibility to protect for 5 years for CFs, NF and RF and 76 plants for private trees at the ratio of 1:1. Issues on the SG 60 Minimum damage to Contractor DFO/ protected species of the protected species DTO/CFUGs flora and fauna of plants and awareness among the workers and dwellers Disturbances in ISG 25 Residual Impact wildlife activities and corridor of wildlife movements Biological Environment (Operation phase) Impacts on forest SG 60 NRs. 100,000.00 for Municipality DFO/CFUGs resources Raising awareness to control accelerated logging, illegal extraction of timber and NTFPs. Disturbances on the ISG 35 Residual Impact Municipality DFO/CFUGs corridor of the wildlife movement

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 73

Impact Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Adverse Ranking Measures Status Responsible Relevant Executing Supporting agency Agency Possible illegal SG 45 Least disturbance to Municipality DFO/CFUGs hunting and poaching the wildlife and birds, of wildlife restriction to work during night time and wildlife harassment, coordination with DFO and CFUGs. The project will launch wildlife conservation awareness program and awareness board installation in critical zones. Note: Magnitude H= High (60) M= Moderate(20) Low (depending on the scale or severity of change.)(10) Extent R= Regional(60) LC= Local(20) SS= Site specific (10) Duration LT= Long term (more than 20 years)(20) MT= Medium term (3-20 years)(10) ST= Short term (less than 3 years)(5) Impact upto 44; insignificance (INS) 45-74; significance(S) 75 or greater; very significance (VS)

9.3 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Activities 212. As part of EMP, reports are needed to be produced at regular time intervals by the EMP compliance monitoring team (Supervision Consultant). The trimester EMP compliance reports will be prepared and submitted by the consultant to the client.

213. The agreement/contract document will categorically include provision of environmental protection, health and safety, waste management and other environmental mitigation measures identified during the IEE Study. It will spell out clearly that measures that will be taken in case on non-compliance. This will make them comply with the provisions. Supervision team of proponent will regularly monitor the construction activities and project coordination office at central level will conduct Environmental Audit of the sub- project.

214. This EMP also makes the provision of for a set of monitoring activities that are designed to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed management. The monitoring activities will also help to improve/maintain an environmentally and socially sound and acceptable level once the project has been constructed and becomes fully operational.

9.4 Matters to be Monitored while Implementing the Proposal 215. Monitoring of the implementation of environmental protection measures provides a basis for logical comparison for the predicted and actual impacts of a proposal. Environmental monitoring will involve the systematic collection of data to determine the

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 74

actual environmental impacts of the sub-project, compliance of the sub-project with regulatory standards, and the degree of implementation and effectiveness of the environmental protection. Monitoring will be an integral part of the implementation of the mitigation measures during project construction, and will generate important information. It will improve the quality of sub-project implementation.

216. The national EIA guidelines (1993) and EPR, 1997 require monitoring plans and indicators, schedules and responsibility to be identified in the IEE report. The national EIA Guidelines of 1993, the EIA guidelines for the Forestry Sector of 1995 propose three stages for monitoring. They are baseline monitoring, compliance monitoring and impact monitoring.

9.4.1 Baseline Monitoring 217. Sometimes, this monitoring referred as pre-audit study, is to know the pre-project baseline condition of the environmental parameters. It is the survey that documents detail information on the pre-project conditions of physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural resources. In general, it is done to know if there is a significant time lapse between the preparation of the IEE report and the construction stage or the change in environmental quality is noticeable. This project will proceed for construction immediately after the approval of this IEE report and hence, baseline monitoring is not required for the proposed project.

9.4.2 Compliance Monitoring 218. This monitoring is carried out to know the implementation status of environmental requirements as documented in EA report, and they should be complied with during pre- construction, construction and operation stages of the project as appropriate. It employs periodic sampling or continuous recording of certain parameters, and ensures implementation of any conditions set-forth during EA report approval. Compliance with conditions may differ to the proponent or other organizations and individuals. This monitoring is not concerned with determining the actual effect of the project activities on the environment. This encourages the proponent and other stakeholders to implement what has been proposed for in EA report or the conditions issued during the approval process. Indicators of the compliance may differ from project to project and location to location.

219. Although, environmental monitoring is not the responsibility of the proponent, under the existing environmental laws, the project has included the monitoring for the compliance of the technical specification as an in-built practice. The agencies responsible for monitoring should ensure compliance of activities such as inclusion of mitigation measures in the design and tender documents, budget allocation for mitigation measures and monitoring and spoil disposal sites, storage procedure, arrangement of construction activities, sprinkling of water to arrest dust at regular or intermittent interval and so on.

9.4.3 Impact Monitoring 220. This monitoring detects environmental changes and estimates inherent variation within the environment, establishes long term trends in the natural system, and derives conclusions by making comparison against a standard or target. Impact monitoring is generally carried out to access the effectiveness of the environmental mitigation measures and provides actual levels of impacts in the field. Hence, impact monitoring evaluation study is proposed by the end of the project construction phase or within two years of project

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 75

implementation. Impact monitoring will focus on each predicted impact and effectiveness of environmental protection measures.

9.4.4 Monitoring Parameters Pre-construction Phase

221. During this phase the consultant bear the main responsibility in ensuring that the environmental and social safeguard considerations are adequately incorporated in the project design and that the respective clauses to address the identified impacts are sufficiently included in the specifications and work contracts. The consultants’ environmental specialists shall conduct, during the initial survey, a baseline monitoring with respect to the prevailing physically and biological parameters. The consultants’ social specialists shall conduct a baseline monitoring on the prevailing social setting.

Construction Phase

222. In this phase the monitoring focuses on the impacts on the environmental and social setting caused by the ongoing project. This monitoring checks compliance with the practices, norms, standards and technical solutions prescribed in the design and in the EMP. It specifically controls whether the environmental code of practice is adequately applied in all works, and if the management practices are satisfactory with respect to the prescribed requirements. Besides, the monitoring tasks will be to carry out a set of activities that will monitor the direct and indirect effects on the bio-physical and social environment as caused by the project. The data obtained will be presented in the required reporting format and will be entered in the project’s baseline data bank. The specific monitoring tasks will include

223. Collecting of data that identify, qualify and quantify distinct impacts on certain receptors (soils, water, air, noise, habitats, species, local communities, services and utilities) and conduct a cause-effect analysis;

 Verify and quantify the ongoing slope protection measures, and propose rectifying measures as needed;  Verify and quantify the effects of disposal of spoil and construction wastes and their consequences;  Monitor, by utilizing structures checklists and questionnaire, the LRUG/RBGs’ full compliance with the health and safety measures for the work staff;  Verify and quantify the effects of losses in wildlife, degradation of forests, illegal extraction of forest products, hunting, destructive fishing, wildlife trade and disturbance to wildlife;  Verify the occupational health facilities in construction camps;

Operation Phase

224. During this phase, the following parameters will be monitored over a period specified in the consultant’s contract and ToR. The respective findings are, as applicable, to be stored in the database, and that the prescribed reporting formats are observed. The specific monitoring tasks in this project phase will include

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 76

 Assess changes in land-use patterns, development of cottage industries, services and demographic composition that may be caused by the access development;  Verify and quantify the occurrence of settlement within ROW of road, resulting in encroachment and hindrance of traffic on the road;  Verify all activities for decommissioning work sites and rehabilitation to their former functional stage, as applicable.  Verify and quantify the adequacy of the executed slope protection and erosion control;  Verify and quantify the courses of any environmental degradation caused by project activities, their likely consequences, and propose corrective measures, including the identification of responsibilities and costs;  Monitor, by utilizing structured checklists and questionnaires, accidents in the road, identifying causes and develop corrective measures;  Verify and quantify the effects of losses in wildlife, degradation of forests, induced/accelerated logging, illegal extraction of forest products, hunting, wildlife trade and disturbance to wildlife and aquatic life.

9.4.5 Monitoring Indicators 225. Monitoring will be carried out by using established indicators. To ensure that the monitored parameters are replicable i.e. do not depend on person or specific methodology used; the selected indicators are easy to be verified and controlled by the agencies where the final monitoring and supervision responsibility remains.

226. It is also foreseen to use standard checklists and formats to be used by the monitoring staff both for site surveys and in the subsequent reports. Much of the monitoring is related to quantifying the observed impacts, and to verify the nature and extent of impacts, photos, parameter tests, collect local accounts of stakeholders and technical/social experts. The monitoring will also include specific cause-effect analyses for the impacts observed.

9.5 Monitoring Indicators 227. The monitoring will include specific cause-effect analyses for the impacts observed. Following Table 29 specifies the set of verifiable indicators that will be used for monitoring.

Table 29: Selected Monitoring Indicators for this IEE Study Monitoring Sector Parameters selected Soils, Landslides, Cut . Number, location and extent of slope failures. slope failures . Cause analysis for such failure: natural/man-made . Area (ha) of land, forest and properties affected . Nos and extent of gully erosions and pavement failures Bio-engineering/Slope . Nos and plant species selected for bio-engineering, protection disaggregated by protective function, . Effectiveness of slope protection works Water Pollution, Water . Nos and extent of water related problems at operative and resources and their use: construction sites Drinking water . Water pollution incidents due to unsafe disposal of waste and spoil analyzing effects on adjoining agricultural land . Use of field kit for drinking water quality, determining pH,

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 77

Monitoring Sector Parameters selected particulates, turbidity, etc. Air and Noise level . Assessment of noise level in site. . Site assessment, Visual inspection and public opinion regarding dust pollution . Traffic Volume count Wildlife/ Habitat . Nos and extent of road accidents inflicting wildlife Disturbance and Impacts on . Records of illegal timber extraction and wildlife killing cases Forest Resources Socio-economic . Number of employment opportunities created development in road . Number of workers received training on enhancement of alignment and ZoI technical skill . Change in transportation cost and time . Number and type of enterprises, cottage industries established . Change in status of basic services and utilities in the ZoI for e.g. education institutions, access to health infrastructures, water supply, energy status, trade and commerce ventures, shift in livelihood strategies among the populace from the ZoI . Condition of affected infrastructures . Occupational health and safety measures provided to workers . Increase in number of people receiving social service facilities (school, health post) . Increase in land value . No. of accidents related to road . State of settlement condition (no. of houses, shops, sanitation condition) . Number and status of porter’s livelihood

9.5.1 Monitoring Activities and Methods The following Table 30 identifies the specific compliance monitoring activities. Phase- wise/chronological details are provided for the methods, schedules, responsible implementing agency and the responsible monitoring agency. The compliance monitoring refers primarily to the pre-construction and construction stage of the project.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 78

Table 30: Compliance Monitoring for the Proposed Project Parameters Responsible Verifiable Indicators Verification Methods Schedule Responsible Implementing Agency Monitoring Agency Land acquisition DCC/ LRUC Properties acquisition This is the responsibility Well ahead of DCC and compensation procedures of DCC and project construction of private properties (house) Site selection and Proponent/Contractor Project’s arrangement for Site observation, geo- Beginning of DCC/DTO/ DoLIDAR preparation of materials storage, and referencing and construction construction construction activities photographic period logistics documentation Use of local Contractor/project Specifications which obligate the Records that facilitates During the entire DCC/DTO/ DoLIDAR peoples for LRUC to observe certain quotas and coordinates the period where construction for employing local labor, process for local people’s labour work is activities employment, interviews employed Awareness and on- Contractor/Project Training programs for skill Specifications: Training Beginning of DCC/DoLIDAR the-job training on development, women records, check training construction and road construction to empowerment, occupational program reports, assess during technicians, and health and safety, and feedback from construction locally employed environmental protection participants construction associated with road workers construction works Compliance to Contractors/project/ Occupational health and safety Spot checks at work Monthly DCC/ occupational health workers regulations, first aid and medical sites, photos, accident throughout DoLIDAR/RRRSDP and safety arrangements, contingency plan, records, interviews construction measures number and type of safety activities equipment such as mask, helmet, glove, safety belts, goggles Compliance to Project/Contractors/LRU Arrangement specified in the Site inspection, Before and during DCC/DoLIDAR environmental C code of practice and in manuals discussion with local construction protection relating to environmental people. Quantifying site- period measures, including protection; records and specific impacts, photos,

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 79

Parameters Responsible Verifiable Indicators Verification Methods Schedule Responsible Implementing Agency Monitoring Agency pollution prevention, observations on pollution, waste laboratory tests where slope stabilization, management, spoil disposal required. cut and fill, waste Existing patrol, control management, and enforcement spoils, protection of mechanisms, fauna and flora enforcement records, air and noise quality measurement water quality test Measures to avoid Contractor/LRUGs Workers activity within forest Inspection, interview with Once a month DCC/DFO pressure on forest area Construction scenario and local people during and wildlife process Events of hunting and construction killing of wildlife phase Measures to protect Contractor/LRUGs Dust level and noise level at Testing, observation of Once in a month DCC/DTO environment from work sites, major settlements good construction during air and noise and sensitive spots like health practices and discussion construction pollution centres and schools with residents and workers Measures to protect Contractor/project/LRU observation, observation of open Site inspection, test of Once in a six DCC/DTO water bodies from Gs defecation and waste disposal site-selected samples of months during water pollution around water sources; chemical water at laboratory construction; Upon parameters test demand for testing with field kit Adequate technical Project/DTO Adequate number of technicians Check number and type Twice a month DoLIDAR/MoFALD and environmental regularly at site of technicians available during supervision at site; construction Skill of work carried out; discussion

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 80

Table 31: Impacts/ Effects Monitoring for the Proposed Project S.N Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification methods Monitoring Schedule Responsible monitoring locations agency 1 Change in Land Use Changing Agricultural land, Site observation, DIZ, IIZ and project Continuously Proponent/Consultant forest land, settlement area photos, discussion affected then VDCs during and barren land with communities construction and operation 2 Slope Instability, Inclination, Slope failures, Site observation and At specific locations During Proponent/Consultant land erosion and causes; Drainage facilities interviews, photos, where such sites construction induced landslide such as side drains and geo-referencing sites occur functionality of cross drainage structures; Fresh gullies and erosion; Success/failure of bio- engineering 3 Stockpiling of Affected aesthetic value, Site observation, Stockpiling site areas During Proponent/Consultant Construction affected forest, standing photos, construction Materials crops and agriculture land, initiated land erosion by local blocked drainage, hazard to downstream slope residents and public and 4 Spoil Disposal Initiated erosion, affected Site observation and At specific locations During Proponent/Consultant aesthetic value, affected interviews, photos, where such sites construction forest and agriculture, geo-referencing sites occur initiated land erosion by local blocked drainage, hazard to downhill slope residents and agricultural lands 5 Noise and dust Total Suspended Solid, Visual inspection, At construction sites During Proponent/Consultant pollution Particulates, Noise level measurement, and and at sensitive spots construction comparison with and operation baseline data, tests

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 81

S.N Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification methods Monitoring Schedule Responsible monitoring locations agency 6 Use of fuel, container and disposed pit, Visual inspection, In and around the During Proponent/Consultant lubricants, oil, acids vehicles and equipments Interview with local construction sites construction and other chemicals people,

7 Road safety Speed controls, traffic Observation, photos In and around the Throughout Proponent/Consultant measures signboards, ROW and interaction with RoW project, once in encroachment, local peoples a year Pedestrian/cyclist and cattle passageways and speed bumps 8 Road accidents Type and number of Observations, Photos, Road alignment Throughout Proponent/Consultant accident occurred Adequacy spot checks, interview project, once in of occupational safety with local peoples a year measures provided 9 Loss of forest Numbers of trees, presence Observations, DFO In and around the During Proponent/Contractor of ground vegetation, signs records, photos, stake- project sites construction CFUG, DFO of illicit logging and holder interviews and extraction of NTFPs operation 10 Wild life Wildlife hunting trapping and Interview with local Forest areas at Throughout Contractor, DFO poaching by work force, people / DFO, photos roadside project Trade of wildlife, Observations Biological survey on selected biota 11 Health and Visible disease and health Records, interaction Project area During DCC/Municipalty/DHO/LRUC sanitation Issues problems, sanitation status, and record from local operation dust, solid waste, health centers

12 Cultural, religious Cultural and religious Records, Observation, Project area During DCC/Municipalty/LRUC and historical sites infrastructure, people Interview with local operation perception, practices people,

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 82

S.N Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification methods Monitoring Schedule Responsible monitoring locations agency 13 Occupational and Safety equipments like Observation, records Construction camp During DCC/Municipalty/LRUC safety hazard helmets, globes, boots etc., and interview with and working area construction insurance, Potable water, workers basic first aid kit 14 Possible Congestions to road users Records, observations Project Area During DCC/DRO township/ribbon Nos. of accidents, RoW operation development along encroachment the road

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 83

Monitoring Cost

228. Total cost of environmental monitoring (field visits, observation, review of reports and report preparation) is estimated NRs. 240,000.00 as given in Table 32.

Table 32 : Environmental Monitoring Cost Description Duration Rate (NRs) Amount (NRs) Schedule (month) 3rd party Monitoring After the Environmental 1 75,000.00 75,000.00 completion of Specialist 80% work Support Staff 1 25,000.00 25,000.00 Transportation cost LS 50,000.00 Report preparation LS 20,000.00 Sampling and Lab LS 20,000.00 test Central level monitoring (Monitoring by MoFALD) Monitoring cost LS 50,000.00 Total Envronmental Monitoring Cost 240,000.00

9.6 Summary Cost for Environment Mitigation Cost 229. Most of the mitigation measures suggested would be a part of road design and construction without additional cost. The total cost of environment mitigation cost is summarized in the Table 33 below.

Table 33: Cost Estimate for Environmental Enhancement and Mitigation Measures SN Particulars Estimated Budget NRs. 1 Environment Management cost 1.1 Waste management Training 250,000.00 1.2 Awareness raising training 100,000.00 1.3 Enhancement in Technical Skills 100,000.00 1.4 Information Signboard 50,000.00 1.5 Compensatory plantation 895,131.75 1.6 Roadside plantation 100,000.00 1.7 Environmental monitoring cost 240,000.00 Sub Total (i) 1,735,131.75 2 Other environmental cost(included in civil works cost also) 2.1 Bio-engineering work 1,471,312.97 2.2 GPA Insurance(occupational helath and safety) 1,500,000 2.3 Structural/Side Drain/Cross Drainage works 157,132,293.57 Sub Total (ii) 160,103,606.54 Total (i+ii) 161,838,738.29

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 84

230. The cost of Cross drainage, side drains and slope stabilization measures as civil engineering structure and bio engineering works are included in separate Bill of quantities. Moreover, compensation related expenses and GESI plan implementation expenditure will be addressed by separate Resettlement Plan (RP) and GESI Plan respectively.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 85

10. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 231. The implementation of proposed Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) is expected to bring a substantial set of beneficial impacts, providing improved transportation access of Lalitpur to rural people of that district and region. Besides providing access, the project will also provide other benefits both during the construction and the operational stages. Major beneficial impacts during the construction stage include the employment generation, wage income, increase in local economy, and enhancement of technical skills and know-how among local communities. During operation stage, the transportation and access standard will be enhanced. Access to social services will be easier for the people of the project then VDCs areas of the district. It will contribute long term positive impact for the development of the local and regional areas and people.

232. The proposed project area does not fall under any environmentally sensitive area. The present IEE study shows that the projects will not severe impacts on physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment of the project area. Most of the adverse impacts identified and predicted are of minimal and short to medium terms as well as reversible in nature. However, cut slope failures have been observed on road alignment, which need necessary measures to be employed during and after the construction work. Most of the identified environmental adverse impacts are locally confined, and limited mainly to the period of construction. It is concluded that with the set of proposed mitigation measures, most of the impacts can be minimized or mitigated during construction and operation phases.

233. Hence, the proposed road construction work does not exceed any of the prescribed thresholds by EPA, 1997 and EPR, 1997 (with amendments,) and other relevant Acts and Rules.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 86

REFERENCE

CBS 2011, National Census Report, Central Bureau of Statistics, Kathmandu DDC Profile of Lalitpur District, 2013 Department of Roads, 2000. Policy Document, Environmental Assessment in the Road Sector of Nepal. Geo-Environment Unit, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, Nepal. Department of Roads, 2002, Reference Manual for Roadside Bioengineering DoLIDAR 1999, APPROACH for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Roads. Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads, 1999 DoR, 2003. Reference Manual for Environmental and Social Aspects of Integrated Road Development, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, Department of Road, Kathmandu. Environment Examination Resource Book, 2013, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development, Singha Durbar, Kathmandu. Environmental and Social Management Framework, 2009 (Revised), DoLIDAR, Lalitpur, MoFALD 2013, GoN 1993, National EIA guidelines GoN 1998,Environmental Guide for Small Rural Infrastructure Projects, Government of Nepal, Ministry of Local Development in collaboration with IUCN, July 1998 GoN 1999, Approach for development of Agricultural and Rural roads GoN 1999, Local Self Governance Act, 1999 and Land Acquisition Act, 1977 GoN 2000. Environment Protection Act, 1997 and Environment Protection Rules, 1997 (amended in 1999). Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board for MoSTE, Kathmandu. Khadka, R.B, S. Gorgule. Joshi, A.R. Guragain S., Mathema, A.B.,(2013), Environment Impact Assessment: Process, methods and Practices in South Asia(Bangladesh, Bhutan, India and Nepal) Nepal Rural Road Standard, 2055, 1st revision, Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads (DOLIDAR), Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development SSRN, 2011/2012, Statistics of Strategic Road Network, Government of Nepal, Ministry of Physical Planning, Works and Transport Management, Department of Road (DoR). Uprety, B.K, 2003.Safeguarding the resources, Environmental Impact Assessment: Process and Practice.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 87

Annex I: Approved ToR for IEE Study

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 88

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 89

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 90

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 91

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 92

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 93

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 94

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 95

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 96

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 97

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 98

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 99

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 100

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 101

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 102

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 103

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 104

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 105

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 106

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 107

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 108

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 109

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 110

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 111

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 112

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 113

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 114

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 115

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 116

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 117

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 118

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 119

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 120

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 121

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 122

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 123

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 124

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 125

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 126

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 127

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 128

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 129

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 130

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 131

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 132

Annex II : Project Cost

A) Abstract of Cost

Item Description of works Unit Quantity Rate(NRs) Amount (NRs) Remarks No. 1 GENERAL ITEMS Insurance of works, plants, materials, loss and damage to L.S. 1.00 1,500,000.00 1,500,000.00 1.1 equipments, Contractor's workmen and employees and third party insurance against damage to other persons and property as per GCC clause 13. Provide site office at mid-section of the road having rooms size: month 18.00 18,000.00 324,000.00 1.2 3m*4m each at location acceptable to the project manager within the contract package with accommodation facilities as specified in special provision Carry out additional tests for material and works as required and PS 1.00 150,000.00 150,000.00 1.3 instructed by the Engineer.(GCC Clause No. 33.1) Relocation of the utilities (water supply, telephone, etc,) and PS 1.00 1,200,000.00 1,200,000.00 1.4 services as instructed by the Engineer as per DoLIDAR-Technical Specifications for Labour Based Construction Work of Agricultural & Rural Roads (Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. G-10. Carry out maintenance of the existing road to keep the road month 18.00 10,000.00 180,000.00 1.5 serviceable throughout the contract period. Also provide and maintain traffic safety, control measures and temporary diversions during construction including water spraying thrice a week to avoid dust pollution as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. G-12. Supply and provide rental Four Wheel Drive Double cap Pickup month 18.00 150,000.00 2,700,000.00 1.6 Vehicle with full option including fuel, driver'wages, major & minor maintenances etc for the Engineer for supervision works as

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 133

Item Description of works Unit Quantity Rate(NRs) Amount (NRs) Remarks No. specified Provide and installation of project information board of size 1.80 No. 3.00 10,000.00 30,000.00 1.7 mx1.2 m along with iron posts including excavation, concreting, backfilling etc all complete as per DoR Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Works (SSRBW) July 2001,Section-108 Provision and maintenance of labour camps payable monthly in month 18.00 15,000.00 270,000.00 1.8 equal instalments as per DoR Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Works (SSRBW) July 2001,Section-109 (3) Establish, maintain and operate labaratory at the site with Month 18.00 16,000.00 288,000.00 1.9 equipments furnishing required for testing specified quality of the materials as per DoR-SSRBW, Section-511 Environmental Mitigation Works as Instructed by the Engineer PS 1.00 300,000.00 300,000.00 1.10 (DOR Section 103) Social compliance and safeguards as instructed by the Engineer PS 1.00 300,000.00 300,000.00 1.11 (DOR Section 103) Sub Total 7,242,000.00 2 SITE CLEARANCE WORKS 2.1 Site Clearance : Clearing and Grubbing including cutting of all Sqm 28,600.00 27.24 779,064.00 types of plants as per DoLIDAR-Technical Specifcations for Labour Based Construction of Agricultural and Rural Raods (Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR) Clause No.: 1-1.5(a), 1-1.5(b) & 1-1.6 Sub Total 779,064.00 3 EARTHWORKS 3.1 Excavation in roadway and drain in all types of soil materials cum 170,462.03 54.93 9,363,479.30 including removal and satisfactory disposal of all materials at approved environmentally safe tipping area as per DoLIDAR- Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 2-1 3.2 Excavation in foundation in structure in all types of soil materials cum 18,504.31 100.57 1,860,978.45

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 134

Item Description of works Unit Quantity Rate(NRs) Amount (NRs) Remarks No. including removal and satisfactory disposal of all materials at approved environmentally safe tipping area as per DoLIdar-Tech. Spec, for LBCWARR Clause No. 2-5 3.3 Construction of embankments, shoulders and other cum 22,645.41 72.55 1,642,924.49 miscellaneous filling with approved materials as per design and drawing as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No.2-5 Transportation of material beyond the initial lead within 1 km cum 82,684.03 52.59 4,348,353.13 3.4 distance with safe disposal sites as instructed by the engineer. Sub Total 17,215,735.37 STRUCTURAL/ SIDE DRAIN/ CROSS DRAINAGE WORKS 4 4.1 Supply machine made fabrication of gabion boxes of different Cum 10,176.69 4,332.36 44,089,084.68 sizes with hexagonal mesh size of 100 mm x 120 mm including rolling, cutting and weaving (mesh wire 3.0 mm, selvedge wire 3.9 mm, binding wire 2.4 mm, all heavy zinc coated wires),assembling, placing in position, packing and filling of gabion create with rubble stone and tying by 2.4 mm binding wires all complete as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 17-1.4, 17-5 & 17-6 4.2 Provide and place Geo-textile all complete as per drawing and sq.m 6,120.00 149.24 913,348.80 specifications as per (DOR-SSRBW Section No.: 2404,3110) 4.3 Stone masonry work including full compensation for all labour, materials and other incidentals required to complete the work as per the specifications and drawings. It includes full compensation for using specially dressed stones on the face of wall with batter and provisions for weep hole as necessary as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 8

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 135

Item Description of works Unit Quantity Rate(NRs) Amount (NRs) Remarks No. 4.2.1 Supply & place un-coursed random rubble stone masonry works Cu.m. - in M 5 cement sand mortar in the line & level all complete 4.3.1 Supply & place un-coursed random rubble stone masonry works Cu.m. 11,147.72 7,489.90 83,495,308.02 in M 5 cement sand mortar in the line & level all complete 4.4 Supply and Place stone Soling as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for Cu.m. 2,259.96 2,546.75 5,755,553.13 LBCWARR Clause No. 17-1.4, 17-5 & 17-6 4.5 Supply & place approved coarse sand filling with 150 mm layer Cu.m. 96.46 549.58 53,012.48 compaction 4.6 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 10 as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. Cu.m. 178.27 8,647.37 1,541,566.64 for LBCWARR Clause No. 11 4.7 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 15 as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. Cu.m. 1,089.20 10,450.20 11,382,357.84 for LBCWARR Clause No. 11 4.8 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 20 as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. Cu.m. 217.02 12,664.24 2,748,393.36 for LBCWARR Clause No. 11 4.9 Supply & place TMT high tensile strength steel reinforcement of Kg 9,141.04 103.93 950,028.28 specified grade ( Fe 500) for RCC works including bending, centring & binding in position as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 10 4.10 Supply, Laying, fitting and fixing of hume pipe class NP3. It includes all operations required to complete the work and the jointing of pipes with 1:2 cement sand mortar as per DoLIDAR- Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 15-5 and 15-6 4.11. 450m (for irrigation purpose) Rm - 4,711.87 - 1 4.10. 900mm Rm 97.50 12,968.27 1,264,406.32 2 4.11 Supply & place100 mm Dia. HDPE Pipe for weep hole as per Rm - 429.00 - Nepal Standard & directed by Engineer

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 136

Item Description of works Unit Quantity Rate(NRs) Amount (NRs) Remarks No. 4.12 Supply & place Heavy Duty GI pipe (Dia 40 mm) for railing as per Rm - 398.00 - Nepal Standard & directed by the Engineer 4.10. 600 mm Rm 654.90 6,621.01 4,336,099.44 2 4.13 Preparation of bedding with granular materials (coarse sand) as Cu.m 28.80 1,582.83 45,585.50 per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No.17-2.2,17- 2.3,17-5 and 17-6 4.14 Backfilling behind structure works with approved soil materials Cu.m 952.86 436.43 415,856.68 with compaction as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No-2.5 4.15 Supply & install steel reinforcement (Fe 500) of size 50 cm*30 cm No. 20.00 750.00 15,000.00 (main bar 16 mm dia and distn bar 12mm dia @5 cm c/c bothways) with gutter as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCW clause No. 10 Supply and place formwork for concrete works with all complete Sqm 115.04 1,101.29 126,692.40 as per DOLIDAR Item 39-9-b Sub Total 157,132,293.57 5 PAVEMENT WORKS 5.1 Preparation of subgrade for rehabilitation works as per DoR- Sqm 85,536.56 29.67 2,537,869.73 SSRBW (Standard Specification for Road & Bridge Works, 2001) SECTION No. 1003 5.2 Providing, laying, spreading, watering, leveling and compaction of Cu.m. 12,830.48 1,220.60 15,660,883.88 natural sand gravel sub base grading as specified and according to the designed camber all complete as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1201 5.3 Providing, laying, spreading, watering, leveling and compaction of Cu.m. 2,557.50 2,717.21 6,949,264.57 crushed stone Aggregate for base course of 10 cm thickness according to the designed camber all complete as per as per DoR-

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 137

Item Description of works Unit Quantity Rate(NRs) Amount (NRs) Remarks No. SSRBW SECTION No. 1202 5.4 Providing and spraying bituminous prime coat MC30/MC70 Lit 25,575.00 163.39 4,178,699.25 including cleaning the road surface using wire, brushes, broom etc before applying prime coat as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1301 & 1302 5.5 Supplying and preparing 20 cm thick stone pitching work on the Lit 25,575.00 163.39 4,178,699.25 prepared granular bedding with stone available at site 5.6 Providing, mixing, laying and compaction of premixconcrete of 30 Cu.m. 767.25 14,386.37 11,037,942.38 mm thick all complete as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1307 & 1308 Sub Total 44,543,359.06 6 ROAD FURNITURE / TRAFFIC SIGN BOARD 6.1 Supplying and placing standard RCC kilometer post (place at Nos 10.00 2,641.50 26,415.00 each km) all complete including painting, and writing etc. all complete as per specification and drawings (DOR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1501) 6.2 Supplying and placing standard RCC kilometer post (place at 5km Nos 5.00 6,456.50 32,282.50 interval ) all complete including painting, and writing etc. all complete as per specification and drawings (DOR-SSRBW SECTIONNo. 1501) 6.3 Supplying and fixing in place R.C.C.delineater and guard post Nos 312.00 779.72 243,272.64 including excavation,paintng,and erectionetc. all complete as final drawing (DOR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1504) 6.4 Supplying and erecting traffic sign in place including 50 mm dia steel tube, 2mm thick steel plate, cement concrete, painting, writing and supporting steel angle nut and bolt etc complete as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1501) 6.4.1 60 cm dia circular, 60 cm equilateral triangle and 60 x 45 cm Nos 15.00 1,833.09 27,496.35

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 138

Item Description of works Unit Quantity Rate(NRs) Amount (NRs) Remarks No. rectangular shaped sign (Single post) 6.4.2 1.2m x 0.75 m size bigger traffic sign with back support and two or Nos 10.00 5,156.78 51,567.80 more post Sub Total 381,034.29 7 Bioengineering 7.1 Slope trimming work (DoLIDAR Norms Serial No: 4 Spec.Clause sqm 500.00 79.35 39,675.00 No.: 2-1.3.2,2-1.8 and 2-1.95) 7.2 Construction of Rip-rap drain with the stone pitching work of 20 Rm 50.00 365.23 18,261.50 cm thick and 1.2 m wide. (DoLIDAR Norms Serial No: 49) 7.3 Dry stone check/toe walls for segmentation and support of slopes cum 72.80 2,977.00 216,725.60 DoLIDAR Norms Serial No: 38, Tech. Spec. clause No. 8 7.4 Gabion check / toe wall for slope protection (DoLIDAR Norms cum 218.19 4,332.36 945,277.62 Serial No: 45) 7.5 Brush layering work: including preparation of terraces of 30 - 40 Rm 1,000.00 126.21 126,210.00 cm wide and laying live cuttings of selected Species along the terrace @ 5 cm c/c with 2/3 of cuttings in to terrace and leaving one bud and up to 1/3 of the cuttings sticking beyond the terrace edge ( Cutting can be of assuro,simali etc of 45 - 60 m length) DoLIDAR Spec.Clause no.70-6.7 b 7.6 Planting rooted grass slips on slopes < 45˚ including preparation sqm 500.00 247.20 123,600.00 of slips on site. Operation includes digging planting holes to a maximum of 5 cm depth with metal or hardwood peg, depending on nature of soil. The planting drills should be spaced 10 cm apart.( DoLIDAR Norms Serial No: 68) 7.7 Planting containerised tree and shrub seedlings, including pitting, Nos 25.00 62.53 1,563.25 transplanting, composting and placing tree guards, on toe of embankment slopes in plain areas, not less than 8 m from the

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 139

Item Description of works Unit Quantity Rate(NRs) Amount (NRs) Remarks No. road centre line. Pit size 30 cm diameter×30 cm depth. Compost volume ⅟₄ of the volume of pit, mixed with original soil. (DoLIDAR Norms Serial No: 69) Sub-Total 1,471,312.97 8 DAY WORKS 8.1 Supply of labour as required as per preamble and as instructed by the Engineer. Unskilled labour m/d 300.00 575.00 172,500.00 Skilled Labour m/d 100.00 785.00 78,500.00 8.2 Supply of excavator for maintenance of road as required and hrs 60.00 1,800.00 108,000.00 instructed by engineer 8.3 Provided Built Up Drawing As Completed L.S. 1.00 75,000.00 75,000.00 Sub Total 434,000.00 A Total 229,198,799.3 B VAT @13% of ( A ) 29,795,843.90 C Total including VAT 258,994,643.2 D Contingency @ 3% of (A) 6,875,963.98 E Physical Contingency @ 10% of (A) 22,919,879.93 Grand Total 288,790,487.1 E Cost Per Kilometer of construction works including 16,255,233.99 bioengineering

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 140

B) Total Project Cost

SN Particulars Amount (NRs.) 1 Environment Management cost 1.1 Training (Entrepreneurship, Horticulture, microcredit) 250,000.00 1.2 Awareness Raising Training 100,000.00 1.3 Enhancement in Technical Skills 100,000.00 1.4 Information Signboard 50,000.00 1.5 Compensatory plantation Re-plantation / Re-forestation 895,131.75 1.6 Roadside plantation 100,000.00 1.7 Environmental monitoring cost 240,000.00 Sub Total (i) 1,735,131.75 2 Other environmental cost(included in civil works cost also) 2.1 Bio-engineering work 1,471,312.97 2.2 GPA Insurance(occupational helath and safety) 1,500,000 2.3 Structural/Side Drain/Cross Drainage works 157,132,293.57 Sub Total (ii) 160,103,606.54 Total (i+ii) 161,838,738.29 2 Civil Work Cost 2.1 Total Civil Cost (Including VAT and Contingencies) 288,790,487.10 2.2 Other environmental cost included in civil works cost 161,838,738.29 2.3 Civil work cost excluding other environmental cost (B) 126,951,748.78 3 Resettlement Plan Cost 3.1 Compensation cost (land, trees, relocation cost for private 111,250,255.83 and community structures within RoW) 3.2 Deed transfer assistance and fees 898,800.00 3.3 Income generation and livelihood improvement training 1,520,000.00 3.4 Contingency (20%) 22,429,811.17 Sub-total (C) 136,098,867.00 4 Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Plan Cost 4.1 Capacity Development Training 50,000.00 4.2 Awareness Campaign on WASH and Psycho-social 50,000.00 Counseling Program Sub-total (D) 100,000.00 Total Project Cost (A+B+C+D) 424,989,354.07

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 141

C) Resettlement Cost

S.N. Budget Unit Total Amount (NRs.) Remarks loss 1. DIRECT COST 1.1 Land Compensation of Ha. 0.52 18,369,598.9 188 Interviewed Interviewed HHs HHs 1.2 Land Compensation of Ha. 0.52 19,370,628.1 203 Absentees’ Absentees’ HHs HHs 1.3 Compensation for Non- Ha. 1.13 41,301,710.8 161 Non- Registered Land Registered Plots 1.4 Guthi Land Ha. 0.09 3,065,009.0 21 plots 1.5 Company Land Ha. 0.07 2276,000.8 11 plots 1.6 Compensation of (Private Trees, No. 93,213.83 CFUGs Trees, GoN Trees, Religious forest 1.7 Private structures No. 124 18,861,852.6 124 Structures 1.8 Public structures No. 6 6,993,741.9 6 Public Structures 1.9 Material Transportation Cost No. 29 414,000.0 1.10 Businesss allowance No. 3 125,000.0 1.11 Relocation Cost No. 26 379,500.0 Sub Total 111,250,255.83 2. INDIRECT COST 2.1 Deed Transfer Fees plots 642 64,2000.00 @1000 2.2 Management cost for absentees' HHs 642 256,800.00 @400 Sub Total 898,800.00 3 Income Generation and Livelihood LS 1,520,000.00

Improvement Program[2] Subtotal (1+2+3) 113,669,055.83 4 Contingency (20%) 22,429,811.17 GRAND TOTAL(1+2+3+4) 136,098,867.00

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 142

Annex III: Public Notice

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 143

English translation of Notice Published

Government of Nepal Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development Office of District Development committee, Lalitpur

Public notice on the Initial Environmental Examination (Date of first publication: 2071/03/25)

Government of Nepal (GoN), Office of District Development committee, Lalitpur as a proponent, Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program – Phase 2 (RRRSDP - 2) of Department Of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads (DoLIDAR) working for upgrading with easy access of the given roads is proposed for the conduction.

S.N Proposed Road Length Affected VDC (Km) 1. Godavari khola corridor Road 25 Godavari, Thaiba, Siddipur and Imadol 2. Lalit Ghumti Road 25 Lamatar, Lubhu, Bisankhunarayan, Badikhel, Godavari and Chhampi 3. Nallu – Chaudhara – Unichaur 18 Nallu, Chaudhara, Bukhel, Manikhel and - katuwanibesi Road Gotikhel

Mentioned district roads are proposed according to Nepal rural road standard 2056 (amendment 2069) with 5.25m width and 20m RoW (10 m in each side from the centerline of the road. Before implementing the proposed project, according to the provision of Environment Protection Act (EPA) 2053 and Environment Protection Rule (EPR) 2054; Approved ToR from Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development, the Initial Environment Examination (IEE) study is ongoing. Therefore the physical, biological, socio- economic and cultural aspect and its impact in the ZoI of project area; as per the provision of the Rule 7 (2) of the Environment Protection Rules 1997, first time published notice, it is requested to provide comments and suggestions about the impacts on the environment through the implementation of sub-project, from the relevant VDCs, school, health post, forest office and forest user group, concerned stakeholders, organization and local people within 15 days from the first date of its publication in the following address. The comments and suggestions can be directly sent to concern Ministry.

Proponent Consultant Concerned Ministry Office of District ERMC Pvt. Ltd. Ministry of Federal affairs Development Committee, Baneshwor, Kathmandu and Local Development, Lalitpur Tel: 01-4483064, Singhadurbar, Kathmandu Tel: 5523410, 5536312 9851199190 Tel: 01-4200000, 01- Fax: 5533215 Email: 4200309 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]/ [email protected] env@ mofald.gov.np/env [email protected]

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 144

Annex IV : Deed of Inquiry (Muchulka)

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 145

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 146

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 147

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 148

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 149

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 150

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 151

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 152

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 153

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 154

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 155

Annex V : Recommendation Letter

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 156

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 157

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 158

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 159

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 160

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 161

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 162

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 163

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 164

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 165

Annex VI: Meeting Minutes with Local People

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 166

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 167

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 168

Annex VII: Trees to be Cut down

A) Trees to be Cut from Community Forest Name of CF Chainage Species Scientific Name No. of Compensatory Rate/Plant Total Cost From To Trees plantation (1:25) (NRs.) (NRs.) Godamchaur 0+580 0+620 Chilaune Schima wallichii 1 25 164.05 4101.25 CF Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 25 4101.25 Sub-Total 2 50 8202.5 Bistachhap 0+820 1+200 Salla Pinus roxburghii 11 275 45113.8 CF Chilaune Schima wallichii 2 50 8202.5 Sub-Total 13 325 53316.3 Jayabhadre 7+420 7+700 Chilaune Schima wallichii 25 625 102531 CF Jamuna Syzygiun cumini 1 25 4101.25 Kafal Myrica esculenta 4 100 16405 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 4 100 16405 Katus Castanopsis indica 1 25 4101.25 Others 1 25 4101.25 Sub-Total 36 900 147645 Golintaha CF 9+710 10+500 Salla Pinus roxburghii 5 125 20506.3 Kafal Myrica esculenta 7 175 28708.8 Chilaune Schima wallichii 38 950 155848 Lakuri Fraxinus floribunda 2 50 8202.5 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 3 75 12303.8 Seti kath Hymenodictyon excelsum 2 50 8202.5 Lapsi Choerospondias axillaris 2 50 8202.5 Mauwa Madhuca longifolia 2 50 8202.5 Jamuna Syzygiun cumini 1 25 4101.25 Laligurans Rhododendron arboreum 1 25 4101.25 Sub-Total 63 1575 258379 Kumari CF 11+02 11+120 Chilaune Schima wallichii 5 125 20506.3 1 Lakuri Fraxinus floribunda 1 25 4101.25

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 169

Name of CF Chainage Species Scientific Name No. of Compensatory Rate/Plant Total Cost From To Trees plantation (1:25) (NRs.) (NRs.) Salla Pinus roxburghii 1 25 4101.25 Bhalayo Rhus succedanea 1 25 4101.25 Sub-Total 8 200 32810 Bandevi CF 13+02 13+880 Kafal Myrica esculenta 6 150 24607.5 0 Chilaune Schima wallichii 12 300 49215 Lakuri Fraxinus floribunda 1 25 4101.25 paiyu Prunus cerasoides 1 25 4101.25 Jamuna Syzygiun cumini 1 25 4101.25 Katus Castanopsis indica 1 25 4101.25 Sub-Total 22 550 90227.5 Chandol CF 13+88 14+400 Chilaune Schima wallichii 27 675 110734 0 Lakuri Fraxinus floribunda 3 75 12303.8 Kafal Myrica esculenta 3 75 12303.8 Jhigane Eurya acuminata 1 25 4101.25 Mauwa Madhuca longifolia 3 75 12303.8 Katus Castanopsis indica 2 50 8202.5 Sub-Total 39 975 159949 Mankamna 0+620 0+820 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 10 250 41012.5 Darmik Ban Siris Albezia lebbek 3 75 12303.8 Chilaune Schima wallichii 1 25 4101.25 Sub-Total 14 350 57417.5 National 6+540 6+880 Chilaune Schima wallichii 20 500 82025 Forest Sub-Total 20 500 82025 Total 217 5,425 88,9971

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 170

B) Trees to be Cut from Private Land Chainage Address Species Scientific Name No. of Compensato Rate/Pla Total Trees ry plantation nt (NRs.) Cost From To (1:1) (NRs.) 0+400 0+410 Godamchaur Chilaune Schima wallichii 7 7 67.90 475.3 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 3 3 203.7 Bamboo(jhyang) 1 1 67.9

7+456 7+500 Godavari Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 1 67.9 7+660 7+860 Kitini Uttis Alnus nepalensis 2 2 135.8 Lapsi Choerospondias axillaris 1 1 67.9 Aaru Prunus persica 1 1 67.9 Chilaune Schima wallichii 2 2 135.8 8+700 8+720 Kitini Uttis Alnus nepalensis 2 2 135.8 Chilaune Schima wallichii 2 2 135.8 11+180 11+240 Badikhel/ Bamboo(jhyang) 18 18 1222.2 pahari ghau Lapsi Choerospondias axillaris 6 6 407.4 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 3 3 203.7 kutmiro Litsea monopelata 1 1 67.9 11+680 11+720 Badikhel/ Uttis Alnus nepalensis 26 26 1765.4 pahari ghau Total 76 76 5160.4

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 171

C) Calculation of Plantation Cost in CF Item Description Unit Total Rate Amount (NRs.) Remarks No. quantity (NRs.) Seedling cost No 1760 20 35,200.00 20 Plantation per ha 20(1) Site selection and survey Persondays 3 575 1,725.00 20.2(b) Site clearance Persondays 10 575 5,750.00 25% shrubs and grasses 20.3 Fixing of pit distance (1600 pits) Persondays 3 575 1,725.00 20.5(a)i Pitting of 45X30X30 cm pit Persondays 32 575 18,400.00 50% slope 20.6(a)iii Seedling transportation Persondays 6 575 3,450.00 1 km distance 20.6(b)iii Seedling transportation (within) Persondays 3 575 1,725.00 20.7(a) Plantation Persondays 20 575 11,500.00 Up to 50% slope 32.1(b) Weeding Persondays 18 575 10,350.00 32.3 Replacement plantation (10%) Persondays 9 575 5,175.00 33.1(b) Prunning Persondays 25 575 14,375.00 Up to 50% slope Sub-total 109,375.00 35 Fencing per 200 running meter 35.2(a)ii Preparation of 100 poles of 30-40cm girth and Persondays 8 575 4,600.00 1.8m height 35.4 Five line barbed wire fencing (100 running meter) 35.4(a) Barbed wire (14 gauge) Kg 143 125 71,500.00 Wooden pole (10cmx10cmx1.8m) No 88 No cost Unail Kg 4.2 125 2,100.00 35.3(b) Pitting for poles Persondays 14 575 32,200.00 35.4(c) Stretching and tightening of barbed wire Persondays 24 575 55,200.00 Sub-total 165,600.00 Total 274,975.00 Contingency (5%) 13,748.75 Grand Total 288,723.75 Per plant cost 164.05 1600+10% plants with 2.5m x 2.5m spacing

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 172

D) Calculation of Plantation Cost in Private land Plantation Cost for trees on private land Item no. Description Unit Total Rate (NRs.) Amount (NRs.) Remarks quantity Seedling cost No 1760 30 52,800.00 20 Plantation per ha 20(1) Site selection and survey Persondays 3 575 1,725.00 20.5(a)i Pitting 45X30X30 cm pit Persondays 32 575 18,400.00 50% slope 20.6(a) Seedling transportation Persondays 6 575 3,450.00 1 km distance 20.6(b) Seedling transportation (within) Persondays 3 575 1,725.00 20.7(a) Plantation Persondays 20 575 11,500.00 Up to 50% slope 32.1(b) Weeding Persondays 18 575 10,350.00 32.3 Replacement plantation (10%) Persondays 9 575 5,175.00 33.1(b) Prunning Persondays 25 575 14,375.00 Up to 50% slope Total 119,500.00 Per plant cost 67.90

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 173

E) Compensatory Plantation Agreement

Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f (Compensatory Plantation) k[i7e"dL k|:tfjs of] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] uf]bfj/L gu/kflnsf–! -tTsflng uf]bfdrf}/ uf=lj=;_ sf] la;ªv'gf/fo0f :s"n b]lv uf]bfj/L gu/kflnsf–$ -tTsflng al8v]n uf=lj=;_ sf] n]n]e~HofË hf]8\g] !$=(*! ls=dL= nfdf] x/]s df};ddf rNg] ;8s k'glg{df0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf ug{ tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] . u|fdL0f k'glg{df0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf cfof]hgf (RRRDSP) sf] nufgLdf lhNnfdf sfof{Gjog lgsfosf] lhDd]jf/L lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt nlntk'/ ePsf]n] nlnt 3'DtL ;8s -uf]bfdrf}/–uf]bfj/L– al8v]n–n]n]e~HofË ;8s v08_ pkcfof]hgfs]f k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fsf] k|:tfjs lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt nlntk'/ /x]sf] 5 . xfn g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nfufgLdf u|fdL0f k'glg{df0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf cfof]hgf (RRRDSP) sof{Gjog e} /x]sf] 5 . h'g @)!# df u|fdL0f k'glg{df0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf cfof]hgf (RRRDSP) sf] bft[lgsfosf] ;+nUgtfdf ;+rfngdf /x]sf] lyof] / o; sfo{s|dsf] ;kmntf kZrft\ bf]>f] r/0fsf] sfo{qmdsf] tof/Lsf] r/0f s|ddf of] k|:tjf tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . bf]>f] r/0fsf] sfo{s|d @) lhNnfnfO{ ;8s ;~hfn lj:tf/ ug{ pb]Zosf ;fy ;~rfng ul/g nfluPsf] 5 .

;fGb{lestf “g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;/sf/L ?vx? x6fpg] ;DaGwL dfkb08” @)&! Tyf “/fli6«o k|fyldstf k|fKt of]hgfsf] nflu /fli6«o jg If]q k|of]u ug]{ ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&$” cg';f/ nlnt 3'DtL ;8s -uf]bfdrf}/– uf]bfj/L–al8v]n–n]n]e~HofË ;8s v08_ pk–cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] Ifltk"lt{ ;DaGwdf hlt ?v sfl6G5g To;sf] !M@% cg'kftdf Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f / % aif{ ;Dd ;+/If0f ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . jgdf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] ;+Vof / Ifltk"lt{ jfkt a[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ?v ;+Vof / cg'dflgt nfut pk/f]Qm cg';f/ nlnt 3'DtL ;8s -uf]bfdrf}/–uf]bfj/L–al8v]n–n]n]e~HofË ;8s v08_ pk–cfof]hgf ;fd'bflos jg, wfld{s jg, /fli6«o jg eP/ hfg] / sfl6g] ?vx?sf] ;+Vof, Ifltk"lt{ jfkt a[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ?v ;+Vof / cg'dflgt nfut ;d]t 6]a'n ! df lbO{Psf] 5 .

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 174

6]a'n ! wfld{s jg, /fli6«o jg, ;fd'bflos jgdf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] ;+Vof, Ifltk"lt{ jfkt a[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ?v ;+Vof / cg'dflgt nfut l;g+ jgsf] gfd sfl6Psf Ifltk"lt{ la?jf, a[Iff/f]k0f uf]8d]n, hDdf nfut ?v ;+Vof a[Iff/f]k0f / 3]/jf/ nfut k'g/f]k0f nfut -g]=?=_ ?v ;+Vof klxnf] ls:tf bf]>f] ls:tf -!M@%_ -g]=?=_ -g]=?=_ ! uf]bfdrf}/ ;f=j= @ %) &,#!)=%) *(@=)) *,@)@=%) @ lai65fk ;f=j= !# #@% $&,%!*=@% %,&(*=)) %#,#!^=@% # hoe›] ;f=j= #^ ()) !#!,%*(=)) !^,)%^=)) !$&,^$%=)) $ Uff]lng6fxf ;f=j= ^# !%&% @#),@*)=*) @*,)(*=)) @%*,#&*=*) % s'df/L ;f=j= * @)) @(,@$@=)) #,%^*=)) #@,*!)=)) ^ jgb]lj ;f=j= @@ %%) *),$!%=%) (,*!@=)) (),@@&=%) & r08f]n ;f=j= #( (&% !$@,%%$=*) !&,#($+=)) !%(,($*=*) * dgsfdgf wfld{s !$ #%) %!,!&#=%) ^,@$$=)) %&,$!&=%) jg ( /fli6«o jg @) %)) &#,!)%=)) *,(@)=)) *@,)@%=)) hDdf @!& %,$@% &(#!*(=#% (^,&*@=)) **(,(&!=#%

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 175

lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf

Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_ sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_ kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuL Joj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .

@= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .

#= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . uf]bfdrf}/ ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x,

!= a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ .

@= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] .

$= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 176

%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/

!= a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .

@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] @ ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -%) ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= *,@)@=)) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .

!—klxnf] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? &,#!)=%) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@—bf]>f] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= *(@=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] tkm{ ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] tkm{ k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 af6 af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 177

lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf

Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .

@= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .

#= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . lai65fk ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x,

!= a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ .

@= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] .

$= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 178

%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/

!= a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .

@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] !# ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -#@% ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= %#,#!^=@% lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .

!—klxnf] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? $&,%!*=@% ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@—bf]>f] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= %,&(*=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] tkm{ ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] tkm{ k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 af6 af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 179

lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf

Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .

@= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .

#= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . hoe›] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x,

!= a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ .

@= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] .

$= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 180

%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/

!= a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .

@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] #^ ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -()) ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= !$&,^$%=)) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .

!—klxnf] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? !#!,%*(=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@—bf]>f] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= !^,)%^=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] tkm{ ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] tkm{ k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 af6 af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 181

lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf

Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .

@= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .

#= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] .

Uff]lng6fxf ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x,

!= a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ .

@= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] .

$= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 182

%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/

!= a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .

@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] ^# ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -!%&% ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= @%*,#&*=)) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .

!—klxnf] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? @#),@*)=*) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@—bf]>f] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= @*,)(*=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] tkm{ ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] tkm{ k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 af6 af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 183

lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf

Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_ kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .

@= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .

#= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . s'df/L ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, != a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ .

@= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] .

$= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .

%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ .

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 184

v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/

!= a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .

@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] * ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -@)) ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= #@,*!)=)) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .

!—klxnf] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? @(,@$@=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@—bf]>f] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= #,%^*=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] tkm{ ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] tkm{ k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 af6 af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 185

lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf

Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .

@= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .

#= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . jgb]lj ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x,

!= a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ .

@= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] .

$= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 186

%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/

!= a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .

@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] @@ ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -@%) ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= #@,*!)=)) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .

!—klxnf] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? *),$!%=%) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@—bf]>f] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= (,*!@=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] tkm{ ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] tkm{ k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 af6 af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 187

lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf

Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .

@= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .

#= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . r08f]n ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x,

!= a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ .

@= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] .

$= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 188

%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/

!= a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .

@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] #( ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -(&% ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= !%(,($*=&% lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .

!—klxnf] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? !$@,%%$=*) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@—bf]>f] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= !&,#($+=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] tkm{ ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] tkm{ k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 af6 af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 189

lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no / wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf

Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -wf=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .

@= wf=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .

#= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . dgsfdgf wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x,

!= a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ .

@= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] .

$= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 190

%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/

!= a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .

@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] !$ ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -#%) ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= %&,$!&=%) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .

!—klxnf] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? %!,!&#=%) ;DalGwt wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -wf=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@—bf]>f] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= ^,@$$=)) ;DalGwt wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] tkm{ wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] tkm{ k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 af6 af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 191

lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{noxsf] aLrdf

Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_ sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_ kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0fsfo{ ug{sf] nfuL Joj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{ pknAw u/fpg] .

@= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udg ug]{ .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{ pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ . @= lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug{{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{ Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf ;xof]u ug]{ . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ . %= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno÷;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u k/fdz{bftf÷lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/ != a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .

@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] @)) ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -%)) lj?jf_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= *@,)@%=)) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 192

!—klxnf] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? &#,!)%=)) lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{ pknAw u/fpg] .

@—bf]>f] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= *,(@)=)) lhNnf jg sfof{no nfO{ pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷ lhNNff k|fljlws lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 193

F. Plantation Plan in District

Compensatory Plantation

Requirements for Plantation Activities

1) Coordination with DFO - Meeting will be held with DFO and CFUGs to discuss about the plantation management 2) Agreement with DFO/CFUGs/DCC - Agreement will be done with DFO and DCC/DTO for the compensatory plantation 3) Managing planting stock - Nursery establishment and operation . From DFO/CFUG nursery . From private nursery owner from districts . Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts. 4) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified by DFO and survey will be done. 5) Fencing - Fencing will be done by concerned DFO/CFUG. 6) Pitting - Pits of 45cmx30cm x 30cm size will be dug. 7) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites 8) Planting - It will be done by the DFO/CFUGs in the starting of monsoon 9) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce the competition by weeds. 10) Survival count - Before winter starts, survival of the plantation will be done for casualty replacement before next monsoon.

Plan of Action for Plantation in CF, RF and NF

Activities May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 19 Agreement with DFO/CFUG/RF UG/DCC Managing planting stock Survey of plantation area Fencing Pitting Transportation of seedlings Planting Weeding Survival count

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 194

Roadside Plantation

1) Coordination with local communities, Municipality and DFO - Meeting will be held with concerned local communities, Municipality and DFO to discuss about the plantation management 2) Agreement with concerned stakeholders - Agreement will be done with concerned local communities, Municipality and DFO for the road side plantation 3) Managing planting stock - Nursery establishment and operation . From DFO nursery . From private nursery owner from districts . Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts. 4) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified by concerned local communities, Municipality, and DFO and survey will be done. 5) Fencing - Fencing will be done by concerned local communities, Municipality and DFO. 6) Pitting - Pits of appropriate size will be dug depending on species 7) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites 8) Planting - It will be done in the starting of monsoon 9) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce the competition by weeds. 10) Survival count - before winter starts, survival of the plantation will be done for casualty replacement before next monsoon.

Plan of Action for Roadside Plantation

Activities May 18 June 18 July 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Agreement with local communities, Municipality and DFO Managing planting stock Survey of plantation area Fencing Pitting Transportation of seedlings Planting Weeding Survival count

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 195

Plantation in Private Land

Coordination with affected landowner - Meeting will be held with concerned affected landowner to discuss about the plantation trees in their land.

1) Managing planting stock . From DFO/CFUG nursery . From private nursery owner from districts . Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts. 2) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified in coordination with affected landowner. 3) Protection- Protection of planted trees will be done by the landowner. 4) Pitting - Pits of appropriate size will be dug depending on the species. 5) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites 6) Planting - It will be done by the affected landowner and cost will be provided in the starting of monsoon 7) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce weed competition.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 196

Annex VIII : Details on Structure Compensation Estimation

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 197

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 198

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 199

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 200

Annex IX: Photographs

Photo 1: Public consultation Photo 2: Road alingment of Lalit during field study Gumti

Figure 3: Vegetation along the Photo 4: Study of rock and soil road alingment along road alingment

Photo 5: Plant identification Photo 6: Dbh measurement during vegetation survey

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 201