POLAR RECORD VOLUME 36 NUMBER 196 JANUARY 2000

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Polar Record Journal of the Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge. Published by Cambridge University Press.

Editor: Dr BEAU RIFFENBURGH

Assistant Editor: Dr ELIZABETH CRUWYS

Editorial Advisors: Professor WILLIAM BARR, University of Saskatchewan LAWSON W. BRIGHAM, University of Cambridge Dr PETER D. CLARKSON, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research Professor RICHARD C. DAVIS, University of Calgary Dr GEOFFREY HATTERSLEY-SMITH Professor MARTIN O. JEFFRIES, University of Alaska Fairbanks Professor MARGARET E. JOHNSTON, Lakehead University Dr RICHARD M. LAWS DAVID J. LYONS, University of Tasmania Dr MARK NUTTALL, University of Aberdeen Professor KEITH RICHARDS, University of Cambridge Professor JAMES M. SAVELLE, McGill University IAN R. STONE Dr DAVID W.H. WALTON, British Antarctic Survey

Production: AILSA MACQUEEN

© Scott Polar Research Institute 2000.

Polar Record (\SSU 0032-2474) is published four times yearly — in January, April, July, and October — the four issues making a volume. First published in January 1931, Polar Record appeared twice yearly until July 1954 and three times yearly until September 1987. Scholarly contributions are invited on virtually all subjects of polar interest. For information on contributions, see 'Instructions for authors,' in Polar Record'36 (196): 72-74, January 2000, or write The Editor, Polar Record, Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1ER, UK. E-mail: [email protected]

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VOLUME 36, NUMBER 196, JANUARY 2000

Contents

ARTICLES 3 Components of the energy balance of the ground surface and their effect on the thermics of the substrata of the vegetation oasis at Henryk Arctowski Station, King George Island, South Shetland Islands P. Prosek, M. Janouch, and K. Ldska 19 The Northern Sea Route, 1998 Lawson W. Brigham 25 Byrd's heroic 1926 North Pole failure Dennis Rawlins

NOTES 51 Southern elephant seals breeding at Peterson Island, Antarctica Clive R. McMahon and Debbie Campbell 51 Non-government aviation in Antarctica 1998/99 Charles Swithinbank

POLAR PROFILE 53 Alfred Stephenson Liz Cruwys and Colin Bertram

REVIEWS 57 Franz Boas among the Inuit of Baffin Island, 1883-1884: journals and letters, edited by Ludger Miiller-Wille Igor Krupnik 58 Sir Joseph Dal ton Hooker: traveller and plant collector, by Ray Desmond Janet Browne 59 Birds of southern South America and Antarctica, by Martin R. de la Pefia and Maurice Rumboll M. de L Brooke 60 Bilingual education in the north, edited by Erich Kasten Patrick Moore 61 Frank Wild, by Leif Mills Beau Riffenburgh 62 Antarctic environments and resources: a geographical perspective, by James D. Hansom and John E. Gordon Steven G. Sawhill 63 Icemen: a history of the Arctic and its explorers, by Mick Conefrey and Tim Jordan Ian R. Stone 64 Waiting to fly: my escapades with the penguins of Antarctica, by Ron Naveen Gerald Kooyman 65 Foothold on Antarctica, by Charles Swithinbank Geoffrey Hattersley-Smith 66 Journey to the shores of the polar sea, by John Franklin (compact disk) Second expedition to the shores of the polar sea, by John Franklin (compact disk) K.B. Shabby 2 CONTENTS

OBITUARIES 67 Herbert Eric Sadler 67 Harrison Holt Richardson 68 Robert Scott Russell

CORRESPONDENCE 68 The crew of Terra Nova, 1903-04 Herbert J.G. Dartnall

IN BRIEF 70 Saved for the nation

REFEREES 71 1999 manuscript referees

AUTHORS 72 Instructions for authors

SCAR BULLETIN 75 SCAR BULLETIN No 136 75 Measures. Decisions and Resolutii Consultative Meeting, Lima, Peru, 24 May-4 June 1999 81 Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment in Antarctica

COVER PICTURE Fridtjof Nansen (1861-1930), undoubtedly the most brilliant, creative, and respected polar explorer, as well as one of the great international figures of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, as a scientist, diplomat, and humanitarian.