Marriage and the Family
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A Different Perspective on Exogamy: Are Non-Migrant Partners in Mixed Unions More Liberal in Their Attitudes Toward Gender, Family, and Religion Than Other Natives?
Mirko K. Braack & Nadja Milewski A different perspective on exogamy: Are non-migrant partners in mixed unions more liberal in their attitudes toward gender, family, and religion than other natives? Abstract Classic assimilation theory perceives migrant-native intermarriage as both a means to and a result of immigrants’ integration processes into host societies. The literature is increasingly focusing on marital exogamy of immigrants, yet almost nothing is known about their native partners. This explorative study contributes to the literature on migrant integration and social cohesion in Europe by asking whether the native partners in exogamous unions have different attitudes toward gender equality, sexual liberaliza- tion, family solidarity, and religiosity/secularization than natives in endogamous unions. Our theoretical considerations are based on preference, social exchange, and modernization theories. We use data of the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) of seven countries. The sample size is 38,447 natives aged 18 to 85, of whom about 4% are in a mixed union. The regression results of the study are mixed. Persons in exogamous unions show greater agreement with family solidarity, are thus less individualistic than those in endogamous couples. Yet, mixing is associated with greater openness to sexual liberalization and gen- der equality as well as more secular attitudes. These findings can only partially be explained by socio- demographic control variables. Hence, immigrants in exogamous unions with natives may integrate into the more liberal milieu of their host societies, in which natives continue to place a high value on provid- ing support to family members. Key words: Exogamy, gender equality, attitudes, partner choice, migrant assimilation, Generations and Gender Survey 1. -
The Family and Marriage Family and Marriage Across Cultures • in All Societies, the Family Has Been the Most Important of All Social Institutions
The Family and Marriage Family and Marriage Across Cultures • In all societies, the family has been the most important of all social institutions. • It produces • new generations • socializes the young • provides care and affection • regulates sexual behavior • transmits social status • provides economic support. Defining the Family For sociologists, family is defined as a group of people related by marriage, blood, or adoption. While the concept of family may appear simple on the surface, the family is a complex social unit that is difficult to define. Marriage is a legal union/contract sanction by the state. In all states you have to get a license. This legal contract is based on legal rights and obligations. The Family of Orientation The family of orientation is the birth family. It gives the child an ascribed status in the community. It orients children to their neighborhoods, communities, and society and locates them in the world. The Family of Procreation The family of procreation is established upon marriage. The marriage ceremony legally sanctions a couple to have offspring and to give children a family name. It becomes the family of orientation for the children created from the marriage. There are Two Basic Types of Families The nuclear family is composed of a parent or parents and any children. The extended family consists of two or more adult generations of the same family whose members share economic resources and live in the same household. Who inherits? In a patrilineal arrangement, descent and inheritance are passed from the father to his male descendants. In a matrilineal arrangement, descent and inheritance are transmitted from the mother to her female descendants. -
Understanding the Genetic Basis of Human Health and Disease: Role of Molecular Genetics in Diagnosis and Prognostication
This open-access article is distributed under Creative Commons licence CC-BY-NC 4.0. CME GUEST EDITORIAL Understanding the genetic basis of human health and disease: Role of molecular genetics in diagnosis and prognostication Human genetics is the study of inheritance as it occurs in human beings. family who first comes to the attention of a geneticist is called the It encompasses several overlapping areas, including cytogenetics, proband. Usually, the phenotype of the proband is exceptional in molecular genetics, biochemical genetics, genomics, clinical genetics, some way (e.g. characteristic facies or short stature). The geneticist developmental genetics, population genetics and genetic counselling. is then able to trace the history of the phenotype in the proband Genes can be the common factor underlying the qualities of most back through the history of the family and draws a family tree or human-inherited traits. The study of human genetics can be useful, pedigree. In the study of genetic disorders, four general patterns as it can answer questions about human nature, understand diseases of inheritance are distinguishable by pedigree analysis: autosomal and development of effective disease treatment, and contribute to recessive, autosomal dominant, X-linked recessive, and X-linked understanding genetics of human life. DNA contains instructions dominant. for everything our cells do, from conception until death. Studying A glossary of terms is set out in Table 1. the human genome allows us to explore fundamental details about ourselves.[1] The Human Genome Project Genomics refers to the field of genetics focused on structural The HGP, the international quest to understand the genomes of and functional studies of the genome. -
The Transformation of American Family Structure
The Transformation of American Family Structure STEVEN RUGGLES "EXPLODED-'MYTH' OF THE VICTORIAN FAMILY," screamed the two-inch head- line in the tabloid Daily Mail on April 5, 1990. The subheadline read, "People Today Care Far More, Historian Claims." The historian referred to was Richard Wall, one of the foremost scholars of historical family structure, and the occasion for the article was a paper he presented to the British SociologicalAssociation on the history of living arrangements among the elderly. The newspaper quoted Wall: "The image of a golden age in the past when granny sat beside the fire knitting, while helping to look after the children, is a popular myth ... if anything, family ties were less strong in past centuries."' Wall was not the first to explode this particular myth. In fact, his paper falls squarely within a prominent historiographical tradition. For more than thirty years, sociologists and historians have been combating the theory that there was a transition from extended to nuclear family structure. Instead, the revisionists argue, family structure has remained unchanged and overwhelmingly nuclear in northwestern Europe and North America for centuries. Recounting this revision- ist interpretation has become obligatory in writing on historical family structure.2 Funding for data preparation was provided by the National Science Foundation (SES-9118299, 1991-93, and SES-9210903, 1992-95); the National Institute of Child Health and Human Devel- opment (HD 25839, 1989-93); and the Graduate School of the University of Minnesota (1985-93). The research was carried out under a Bush Sabbatical fellowship from the University of Minnesota (1992-93). -
The Family, Political Theory, and Ideology: a Comparative Study of John Stuart Mill and Friedrich Engels
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 5-2019 The Family, Political Theory, and Ideology: A Comparative Study of John Stuart Mill and Friedrich Engels David M. Murray Jr. The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/3172 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] THE FAMILY, POLITICAL THEORY, AND IDEOLOGY: A Comparative Study of John Stuart Mill and Friedrich Engels by DAVID MURRAY A master’s thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, The City University of New York 2019 © 2019 DAVID MURRAY All Rights Reserved ii The Family, Political Theory, and Ideology: A Comparative Study of John Stuart Mill and Friedrich Engels by David Murray This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in satisfaction of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts. Date Helena Rosenblatt Thesis Advisor Date Elizabeth Macaulay-Lewis Executive Officer THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT The Family, Political Theory and Ideology: A Comparative Study of John Stuart Mill and Friedrich Engels by David Murray Advisor: Helena Rosenblatt [This project is concerned with the development of the Christian family in Europe and how its sociological and historical characteristics informed the writings of John Stuart Mill and Friedrich Engels. -
Social Science, History, and the Relations of Family in Canada Cynthia Comacchio Wilfrid Laurier University, [email protected]
Wilfrid Laurier University Scholars Commons @ Laurier History Faculty Publications History Fall 2000 “The iH story of Us”: Social Science, History, and the Relations of Family in Canada Cynthia Comacchio Wilfrid Laurier University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholars.wlu.ca/hist_faculty Recommended Citation Comacchio, Cynthia, "“The iH story of Us”: Social Science, History, and the Relations of Family in Canada" (2000). History Faculty Publications. 6. http://scholars.wlu.ca/hist_faculty/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History at Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "The History of Us": Social Science, History, and the Relations of Family in Canada Cynthia Comacchio JUST AS THE 20TH CENTURY gasped its last, Canada's purported national newspaper pledged an "unprecedented editorial commitment" to "get inside the institution that matters the most to Canadians: the bricks themselves, our children, our families." Judging by the stories emanating weekly from "real families" in Toronto, Calgary and Montréal, commitment to "the bricks" remains strong despite unremitting bleak prophecies about the family's decline. There is much concern, however, that their mortar is disintegrating. At the dawn of a new millennium, Canadians worry about such abiding issues as the decision to have children, their number and timing; finding decent, affordable shelter; whether both parents will work for wages and how child care will be managed [and paid for] if they do; how domestic labour will be apportioned; what single parents must do to get by; and — most pressing of all — how to master the wizardry that might reconcile the often-conflicting pressures of getting a living with those of family.' These "family matters" strike certain transhistorical chords. -
Household History and Sociological Theory Author(S): David I
Household History and Sociological Theory Author(s): David I. Kertzer Source: Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 17 (1991), pp. 155-179 Published by: Annual Reviews Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2083339 Accessed: 14/07/2009 05:15 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=annrevs. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Annual Reviews is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Annual Review of Sociology. http://www.jstor.org Annu. Rev. Sociol. 1991. 17:155-79 Copyright ? 1991 by Annual Reviews Inc. -
Family Influences on Mate Selection: Outcomes for Homogamy and Same
1 Family influences on mate selection: Outcomes for homogamy and same-sex coupling © 2015 Maja Falcon Stanford University Abstract: The outcomes of family involvement in relationship formation and mate selection are evaluated using Wave I (2009) of the nationally representative How Couples Meet and Stay Together survey (2013). Consistent with kin-keeping literature, female relatives are more likely to have introduced family members to their current partner than male relatives. Partners who met through family have lower levels of education than partners who met through other intermediaries. Older cohorts of couples who met through family are less likely to be interracial or interreligious; family involvement does not influence homogamous outcomes of younger cohorts of couples. Very few gay and lesbian individuals in same-sex couples met their partner through family. Bisexual women and men who met their partner through family are less likely to be in a same-sex relationship than bisexuals who met outside of family, even after controlling for education and age they met their current partner. Key words: Mate Selection, Dating/Relationship Formation, Same-sex relationships, Sexuality, Gender & Family 2 Introduction: This study focuses on family involvement in relationship formation and how meeting through a family member can influence who pairs with whom. I use Wave I (2009) of the nationally representative How Couples Meet and Stay Together survey (Rosenfeld et al. 2013) to identify the types of people who meet through family, whether men or women play a more salient role in couple formation and whether couples who meet through family are less likely to be interracial, interreligious, or same-sex. -
Grandparental Transfers and Kin Selection in the Developing World, As Exemplified by the Research Reviewed by Sear and Mace (2008)
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2010) 33,1–59 doi:10.1017/S0140525X09991105 Grandparental investment: Past, present, and future David A. Coall School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia 6160, Australia [email protected] http://www.uwa.edu.au/people/david.coall Ralph Hertwig Department of Psychology, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland [email protected] http://www.psycho.unibas.ch/hertwig Abstract: What motivates grandparents to their altruism? We review answers from evolutionary theory, sociology, and economics. Sometimes in direct conflict with each other, these accounts of grandparental investment exist side-by-side, with little or no theoretical integration. They all account for some of the data, and none account for all of it. We call for a more comprehensive theoretical framework of grandparental investment that addresses its proximate and ultimate causes, and its variability due to lineage, values, norms, institutions (e.g., inheritance laws), and social welfare regimes. This framework needs to take into account that the demographic shift to low fecundity and mortality in economically developed countries has profoundly altered basic parameters of grandparental investment. We then turn to the possible impact of grandparental acts of altruism, and examine whether benefits of grandparental care in industrialized societies may manifest in terms of less tangible dimensions, such as the grandchildren’s cognitive and verbal ability, mental health, and well-being. Although grandparents in industrialized societies continue to invest substantial amounts of time and money in their grandchildren, we find a paucity of studies investigating the influence that this investment has on grandchildren in low-risk family contexts. -
Marital Dissolution Among Interracial Couples
YUANTING ZHANG Food and Drug Administration JENNIFER VAN HOOK Pennsylvania State University* Marital Dissolution Among Interracial Couples Increases in interracial marriage have been in- dramatically from less than 1% in 1970 among terpreted as reflecting reduced social distance all married couples to more than 5% in 2000. among racial and ethnic groups, but little is Children living in such families have quadrupled known about the stability of interracial mar- to more than 3 million between 1970 and 2000 riages. Using six panels of Survey of Income (Lee & Edmonston, 2005). Such changes have and Program Participation (N ¼ 23,139 mar- been interpreted as signifying the fading of racial ried couples), we found that interracial mar- boundaries in U.S. society (Qian & Lichter, riages are less stable than endogamous 2007) and as indicating immigrant structural marriages, but these findings did not hold up assimilation (Alba & Golden, 1986; Gordon, consistently. After controlling for couple char- 1964). acteristics, the risk of divorce or separation Enthusiasm about increases in the prevalence among interracial couples was similar to the of interracial marriages, however, may be damp- more-divorce-prone origin group. Although ened if such marriages are highly likely to break marital dissolution was found to be strongly up. Partially because interracial marriage remains associated with race or ethnicity, the results a relatively new phenomenon, few studies have failed to provide evidence that interracial mar- assessed the stability of interracial marriages or riage per se is associated with an elevated risk offered theoretical guidance on this issue. Exist- of marital dissolution. ing work tends to be dated and focused primarily on Black-White marriages. -
Who Marries Whom in Pakistan? Role of Education in Marriage Timing and Spouse Selection
Who Marries Whom in Pakistan? Role of Education in Marriage Timing and Spouse Selection Abstract Marriage markets in Pakistan have been undergoing changes in the recent decades, with age at first marriage, for both men and women, increasing steadily, especially for the more educated ones. Increasing women education, in absolute terms and in relation to men, is providing an opportunity for educational homogamy compared to in the past. At the same time, the tradition of hypergamous marriage arrangements for women is creating a “success penalty” for those who are more educated. Absolute level of educational homogamy is rising but no definitive word can be given on whether the function of education in spouse selection is strengthening or weakening in Pakistan. Marriage markets in the country are in a transitory state, showing increasing trends of educational homogamy on one hand, and on the other, we find a rising trend of familial endogamy and living in polygynous relationships for the more educated women. Keywords: Age at marriage, Educational homogamy, Hypergamy, Marriage squeeze, Endogamy, Polygyny. Extended Abstract Patterns of who marries whom have important implications for social stratification, family formation, the degree of inequality among families and individuals prevalent in a society, and the intergenerational mobility and transmission of social and genetic traits. Educational assortative marriages have interested social scientists because of the role that education plays in socio- economic inequality and its persistence from one generation to the other. Education does not only have a role in the selection of spouse but also the timing of the union, with more educated men and women likely to marry later than their less educated counterparts. -
The Evolution of Consanguineous Marriages in the Archbishopric of Granada, Spain (1900–1979)
Wayne State University Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints WSU Press 2-14-2019 The volutE ion of Consanguineous Marriages in the Archbishopric of Granada, Spain (1900–1979) Juan F. Gamella Departamento de Antropologiá Social, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain, [email protected] Ana Mariá Nuñé z-Negrillo Departamento de Enfermeria,́ Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain Recommended Citation Gamella, Juan F. and Nuñeź -Negrillo, Ana Mariá , "The vE olution of Consanguineous Marriages in the Archbishopric of Granada, Spain (1900–1979)" (2019). Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints. 137. https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol_preprints/137 This Open Access Preprint is brought to you for free and open access by the WSU Press at DigitalCommons@WayneState. It has been accepted for inclusion in Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@WayneState. The Evolution of Consanguineous Marriages in the Archbishopric of Granada, Spain (1900–1979) Juan F. Gamella1* and Ana María Núñez-Negrillo2 1Departamento de Antropología Social, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. 2Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. *Correspondence to: Juan F. Gamella, Departamento de Antropología Social, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain. Email: [email protected]. Short Title: Consanguinity Granada Spain (1900–1979) KEY WORDS: CONSANGUINITY, MARRIAGE TRENDS, INBREEDING, SPAIN, ANDALUSIA, DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS Pre-print version. Visit http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol/ after publication to acquire the final version. Abstract In the twentieth century Spain maintained some of the highest rates of consanguineous marriage in Europe. In many regions these rates were still high in the 1950s and 1960s, but then decreased rapidly, and by the 1970s a generalized transformation in mating patterns was underway.