The Feminist Fourth Wave
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Invisible Woman
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2009 Invisible Woman Kristin Deanne Howe The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Howe, Kristin Deanne, "Invisible Woman" (2009). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 599. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/599 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INVISIBLE WOMAN By KRISTIN DEANNE HOWE Bachelor of Arts, Southwest Minnesota State University, Marshall, Minnesota, 2005 Thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Philosophy The University of Montana Missoula, MT December 2009 Approved by: Perry Brown, Associate Provost for Graduate Education Graduate School Deborah Slicer, Chairperson Philosophy Christopher Preston Philosophy Elizabeth Hubble Women and Gender Studies ii Howe, Kristin, M.A. December 2009 Philosophy Invisible Women Chairperson: Deborah Slicer Abstract: The aim of this paper is to illuminate the ways in which working class women are invisible within the feminist and ecofeminist movements. Using the faces and forces of oppression as presented by Iris Marion Young and Hilde Lindemann, I show how the working class experiences oppression. I also show how oppression based on class differs from that based on gender and how these differences contribute to the invisibility of working class women within feminism. -
What White Feminism Gets Wrong BEING INTENTIONAL ABOUT INTERSECTIONALITY
What White Feminism Gets Wrong BEING INTENTIONAL ABOUT INTERSECTIONALITY Tiesha Shankin | Sharalle Arnold | Jennifer Palm | Suzy Herman | Ashley McCarter | Dionna Cheatham Ground Rules •Speaking from our two perspectives – African American (Black) and Caucasian (White) • Cannot speak for those that are not represented by the group (key) •Purpose is not intended to offend or point blame – but to learn/grow •Acknowledge the diversity of the feminist thought •Accept that feminist movements have made many beneficial societal contributions • These movements have made improvements for society and individual women • Not about if feminism as a whole is good or not but how to improve feminism Ground Rules, cont. • Listen to understand – not just to gather ammunition • Opinions are not right or wrong – rather different • Try not to make assumptions – no two individuals think alike • Listen and speak with the same respect you personally like shown to you • Try not to interrupt each other when speaking – respect • We will try to use evidence and/or examples • Maintain confidentiality • Try not to use names/specific places/etc • “Ouch” and “Oops” • If someone says something that offends you, say “Ouch.” This allows the other person to say, “Oops!” Then we can educate them on why what they said could come across offensive. What is the definition of feminism? As defined by bell hooks: feminism is the struggle against sexist oppression. Review of Feminism •Various types •Questions emerge •Thinking intersectionality When considering the exclusive nature of feminism… “Part of the problem with Western feminists, I find, is that they take after their brothers and their fathers. And that’s a real problem.” -Alice Walker Feminism and Intersectionality Examples of White Feminism in Modern Culture The Real First Family Controversy or Praise? Serena Williams VIDEO Kelly Osbourne “If you kick every Latino out of this country, then who is going to be cleaning your toilet, Donald Trump?” Meryl Streep In children’s media… Lean In Sheryl Sandburg It was a watershed moment for me. -
Assessing the Progress of Gender Parity in Education Through Achieving Millennium Development Goals: a Case Study of Quetta District Balochistan
Bulletin of Education and Research December 2012, Vol. 34, No. 2 pp.47-58 Assessing the progress of Gender Parity in Education through achieving Millennium Development Goals: A case Study of Quetta District Balochistan Abdul Rashid, Dr. Zainab Bibi & Siraj ud din _______________________________________________________________ Abstract Using secondary data of Government Schools and literacy department for 10 years that is 2000-2010, this paper assesses the progress on the issue of gender equality within the framework of education related Millennium Development Goals (MDG) in district Quetta. The assessment is based on the selected indicators of goals by applying descriptive statistical tools such as ratio, mean and fixed chain methods. The major findings include; (a) the overall trend reveals positive change; (b) the pace of adult education is more biased against women; (c) the targets of literacy rate of children with 10+ years will hopefully be achieved; (d) the indicator to remove gender disparity related to net primary enrolment ratio will hopefully, be achieved; (e) the target of NER (Net enrollment ratio) will, perhaps not be achieved due to high drop out; (f) empowerment of woman through employment show bleak picture. The implications of findings for plan of action include: shifting more resources to primary education; creating more institutions for girls’ education especially in the rural areas; strengthening institutional capacity of government sector and creating more jobs opportunities for women in the public sector Key Words: Gender parity, millennium development goals, empowerment and positive discrimination and policy implications. _______________________________________________________________ Assessing the progress of Gender Parity in Education 48 Introduction Millennium development goals (MDGs) are defined as an agenda of development conceived in terms of measurable quantitative indicators. -
Intersectionality: T E Fourth Wave Feminist Twitter Community
#Intersectionality: T e Fourth Wave Feminist Twitter Community Intersectionality, is the marrow within the bones of fem- Tegan Zimmerman (PhD, Comparative Literature, inism. Without it, feminism will fracture even further – University of Alberta) is an Assistant Professor of En- Roxane Gay (2013) glish/Creative Writing and Women’s Studies at Stephens College in Columbia, Missouri. A recent Visiting Fel- This article analyzes the term “intersectional- low in the Centre for Contemporary Women’s Writing ity” as defined by Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw (1989, and the Institute of Modern Languages Research at the 1991) in relation to the digital turn and, in doing so, University of London, Zimmerman specializes in con- considers how this concept is being employed by fourth temporary women’s historical fiction and contempo- wave feminists on Twitter. Presently, little scholarship rary gender theory. Her book Matria Redux: Caribbean has been devoted to fourth wave feminism and its en- Women’s Historical Fiction, forthcoming from North- gagement with intersectionality; however, some notable western University Press, examines the concepts of ma- critics include Kira Cochrane, Michelle Goldberg, Mik- ternal history and maternal genealogy. ki Kendall, Ealasaid Munro, Lola Okolosie, and Roop- ika Risam.1 Intersectionality, with its consideration of Abstract class, race, age, ability, sexuality, and gender as inter- This article analyzes the term “intersectionality” as de- secting loci of discriminations or privileges, is now the fined by Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw in relation to the overriding principle among today’s feminists, manifest digital turn: it argues that intersectionality is the dom- by theorizing tweets and hashtags on Twitter. Because inant framework being employed by fourth wave fem- fourth wave feminism, more so than previous feminist inists and that is most apparent on social media, espe- movements, focuses on and takes up online technolo- cially on Twitter. -
Cashing in on “Girl Power”: the Commodification of Postfeminist Ideals in Advertising
CASHING IN ON “GIRL POWER”: THE COMMODIFICATION OF POSTFEMINIST IDEALS IN ADVERTISING _______________________________________ A Thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-Columbia _______________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts _____________________________________________________ by MARY JANE ROGERS Dr. Cristina Mislán, Thesis Supervisor DECEMBER 2017 © Copyright by Mary Jane Allison Rogers 2017 All Rights Reserved The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled CASHING IN ON “GIRL POWER”: THE COMMODIFICATION OF POSTFEMINIST IDEALS IN ADVERTISING presented by Mary Jane Rogers, a candidate for the degree of master of arts, and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Professor Cristina Mislán Professor Cynthia Frisby Professor Amanda Hinnant Professor Mary Jo Neitz CASHING IN ON “GIRL POWER” ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My utmost gratitude goes to my advisor, Dr. Cristina Mislán, for supporting me throughout this process. She honed my interest in critically studying gender issues in the media, and her guidance, honesty and encouragement are the reasons I was able to develop the conclusions presented in this paper. I would also like to thank Dr. Amanda Hinnant, Dr. Cynthia Frisby, and Dr. Mary Jo Neitz for their immensely helpful suggestions before and during the research process of this study. Their enthusiasm and guidance was incredibly meaningful, especially during the developmental stages of my research. Additionally, I would like to thank my friends and family for their ongoing support. Special mention needs to be made of Mallory, my cheerleader and motivator from the first day of graduate school, and my Dad and Mom, who have been there since the beginning. -
The Trouble with White Feminism: Whiteness, Digital Feminism and the Intersectional Internet
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research CUNY Graduate Center 2016 The Trouble with White Feminism: Whiteness, Digital Feminism and the Intersectional Internet Jessie Daniels Hunter College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_pubs/194 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] “The Trouble with White Feminism: Whiteness, Digital Feminism and the Intersectional Internet” by Jessie Daniels, PhD Professor, Sociology Hunter College and The Graduate Center, CUNY 2180 Third Avenue, New York, NY, 10035 email: [email protected] or [email protected] Submitted for consideration to the volume The Intersectional Internet, Section Two: Cultural Values in the Machine (2016) PRE-PRINT VERSION, 16 FEBRUARY 2015 ABSTRACT (210): In August, 2013 Mikki Kendall, writer and pop culture analyst, started the hashtag #SolidarityisforWhiteWomen as a form of cyberfeminist activism directed at the predominantly white feminist activists and bloggers at sites like Feministing, Jezebel and Pandagon who failed to acknowledge the racist, sexist behavior of one their frequent contributors. Kendall’s hashtag activism quickly began trending and reignited a discussion about the trouble with white feminism. A number of journalists have excoriated Kendall specifically, and women of color more generally, for contributing to a “toxic” form of feminism. Yet what remains unquestioned in these journalistic accounts and in the scholarship to date, is the dominance of white women as architects and defenders of a framework of white feminism – not just in the second wave but today, in the digital era. -
A Critical Analysis of American Horror Story: Coven
Volume 5 ׀ Render: The Carleton Graduate Journal of Art and Culture Witches, Bitches, and White Feminism: A Critical Analysis of American Horror Story: Coven By Meg Lonergan, PhD Student, Law and Legal Studies, Carleton University American Horror Story: Coven (2013) is the third season an attempt to tell a better story—one that pushes us to imag- analysis thus varies from standard content analysis as it allows of the popular horror anthology on FX1. Set in post-Hurricane ine a better future. for a deeper engagement and understanding of the text, the Katrina New Orleans, Louisiana, the plot centers on Miss Ro- symbols and meaning within the text, and theoretical relation- This paper combines ethnographic content analysis bichaux’s Academy and its new class of female students— ships with other texts and socio-political realities. This method and intersectional feminist analysis to engage with the televi- witches descended from the survivors of the witch trials in Sa- is particularly useful for allowing the researcher deep involve- sion show American Horror Story: Coven (2013) to conduct a lem, Massachusetts in 16922. The all-girls school is supposed ment with the text to develop a descriptive account of the com- close textual reading of the show and unpack how the repre- to be a haven for witches to learn about their heritage and plexities of the narrative (Ferrell et al. 2008, 189). In closely sentations of a diversity of witches can be read and under- powers while fostering a community which protects them from examining the text (Coven) to explore the themes and relation- stood as representing a diversity of types of feminism. -
Perfect Little Feminists? Young Girls in the US Interpret Gender, Violence, and Friendship in Cartoons
University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Faculty Publications Communication Department 11-2010 Perfect Little eF minists? Young Girls in the US Interpret Gender, Violence, and Friendship in Cartoons Spring-Serenity Duvall University of South Carolina - Aiken, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/ aiken_communications_facpub Part of the Communication Commons Publication Info Postprint version. Published in Journal of Children and Media, Volume 4, Issue 4, 2010, pages 402-417. Duvall, S. (2010). Perfect little feminists? Young girls in the US interpret gender, violence, and friendship in cartoons. Journal of Children and Media, 4(4), 402-417. © Journal of Children and Media, 2010, Taylor and Francis. This is an Author's Accepted Manuscript of an article published in The Journal of Children and Media, 2010, © Taylor & Francis, available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/17482798.2010.510007 DOI:10.1080/17482798.2010.510007 This Article is brought to you by the Communication Department at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Perfect little feminists?: Young girls interpret gender, violence, and friendship in cartoons 1 Perfect little feminists?: Young girls in the U.S. interpret gender, violence, and friendship in cartoons Abstract Girls’ studies has emerged as a dynamic area of scholarship that examines the cultural construction of girlhood, the role that girls play in society, their identity formation, and their representation in media. This paper extends previous research by interviewing young girls about their interactions with each other as they view and interpret animated cartoons. -
Global Strategies for Gender Parity in Political Representation Yvonne Galligan
University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class Volume 6 | Issue 2 Article 5 Bringing Women In: Global Strategies for Gender Parity in Political Representation Yvonne Galligan Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/rrgc Part of the Politics Commons, and the Women Commons Recommended Citation Yvonne Galligan, Bringing Women In: Global Strategies for Gender Parity in Political Representation, 6 U. Md. L.J. Race Relig. Gender & Class 319 (2006). Available at: http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/rrgc/vol6/iss2/5 This Conference is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UM Carey Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UM Carey Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BRINGING WOMEN IN: GLOBAL STRATEGIES FOR GENDER PARITY IN POLITICAL REPRESENTATION YVONNE GALLIGAN* ABSTRACT This article discusses some of the strategies used globally to increase women's political representation. It initially examines legislative quota provisions, pointing to their multi-faceted interaction with the electoral and political systems in which they are embedded. It distinguishes between quotas at the point of candidate selection and reserved parliamentary seats, while referring to the delegitimising of women's representative role associated with reserved seats. The article then considers voluntary party quotas as a method of supporting women's political opportunities and gives some instances of successful practices in this regard. Then, it examines the role that organized women in civil society play in promoting gender parity. -
Book Annotations
\\jciprod01\productn\N\NYI\52-2\NYI209.txt unknown Seq: 1 25-FEB-20 10:52 BOOK ANNOTATIONS Gender Parity & Multicultural Feminism: Towards a New Synthesis. Edited by Ruth Rubio-Mar´ın and Will Kymlicka. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2018. Pp. xi, 284. $85 (hardcover). REVIEWED BY CLARA CORREA In Gender Parity & Multicultural Feminism, editors Ruth Ru- bio-Mar´ın and Will Kymlicka explore ways in which gender parity—a measurement of female equality above and beyond mere representation that may be utilized in a plethora of fields—can be incorporated with multicultural feminism—the idea that women of all races and ethnicities should be empow- ered in the push for equality. Rubio-Mar´ın and Kymlicka center their discussion of gender parity around the field of politics, exploring the various ways in which women around the world have achieved greater political gender parity through higher rates of political representation and participa- tion. However, while the increase in gender parity within legis- lative and decision-making bodies has advanced gender equal- ity worldwide, it has largely failed to benefit minority women. It is within this context that Rubio-Mar´ın and Kymlicka estab- lish the parameters of their discussion. The book’s nine chap- ters, comprised of nine essays by various authors, offer a vari- ety of possible routes to bridge the gap between the general achievements gained through the push for political gender parity and multicultural feminism’s recognition of a lack of eq- uity for minority women. Overall, the book provides a diverse and fascinating account of the struggles, setbacks, and solu- tions with which the global community must contend in its fight for gender parity for all women. -
UNODC Strategy for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (2018–2021)
UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT VIENNA | UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME STRATEGY FOR GENDER EQUALITY AND THE EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN (2018–2021) UNITED NATIONS UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT VIENNA UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME STRATEGY FOR GENDER EQUALITY AND THE EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN (2018–2021) UNITED NATIONS Vienna, 2018 © United Nations, March 2018. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Photos © UNODC unless otherwise indicated. Publishing production: English, Publishing and Library Section, United Nations Office at Vienna. FOREWORD Gender equality and the empowerment of women lie at the heart of the Sustainable Development Goals, and they are vital to fully realizing the rights and potential of all persons. These fundamental aims must also inform our work, as well as how we work, at the United Nations Office at Vienna/United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNOV/UNODC). In order to achieve progress towards systematically and effectively mainstreaming gender and promoting gender equality and the empowerment of women in our programmatic activities and organizational policies and practices, I am proud to present the UNOV/ UNODC Strategy for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (2018–2021). The Strategy is the result of broad and inclusive consultations involving staff at head- quarters and at our field offices. It is in line with the new framework of the United Nations System-wide Action Plan on Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-SWAP 2.0) and with the system- wide strategy on gender parity launched by the Secretary-General in September 2017. -
Working Paper Series
WORKING PAPER SERIES Women in marine science: The efficacy of ecofeminist theory in the wake of historical critique BY SAM PERRIN AND RAPTI SIRIWARDANE-DE ZOYSA Working Paper #3 ISSN 0000-0000 August, 2017 DOI: 10.21244/zmt.2017.004 Photo: Lucy G. Gillis 1 Abstract Ecofeminism at its simplest is the combination of ecological and feminist principles with a strong grounding in social movements. As in the case of most philosophical paradigms and socio-political agendas, it has also been the subject of criticism from feminists of diverse schools of thought since its conception in the 1970s. As the offspring of a social movement as diverse as feminism, this is not unexpected. As it came to prominence in the seventies, an era in which second-wave feminism flourished, it shared many of the same criticisms. It was seen as vague and poorly defined, often only explained as the sum of its parts, and also as appealing mainly to white, middle-class women. It also struggled with criticisms of essentialism – in this context the notion that “woman” (in its singularity) shares an affinity with nature and is therefore better positioned to speak on its behalf. These criticisms and conflicts have, however, helped ecofeminism to evolve into a conceptual framework, grounded in ecological principles and feminist theory combined with local perspectives. Pressing forward, we examine the value of this conceptual framework through surveying a selection of diverse female marine scientists based in Germany, and show that ecofeminism is a valuable scholarly lens through which to view contemporary forms of androcentrism and of gendered discrimination in the marine scientific community, among others.