Ecological Management Plan for the Makara Peak Mountain Bike Park
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The New Zealand Rain Forest: a Comparison with Tropical Rain Forest! J
The New Zealand Rain Forest: A Comparison with Tropical Rain Forest! J. W. DAWSON2 and B. V. SNEDDON2 ABSTRACT: The structure of and growth forms and habits exhibited by the New Zealand rain forest are described and compared with those of lowland tropical rain forest. Theories relating to the frequent regeneration failure of the forest dominants are outlined. The floristic affinities of the forest type are discussed and it is suggested that two main elements can be recognized-lowland tropical and montane tropical. It is concluded that the New Zealand rain forest is comparable to lowland tropical rain forest in structure and in range of special growth forms and habits. It chiefly differs in its lower stature, fewer species, and smaller leaves. The floristic similarity between the present forest and forest floras of the Tertiary in New Zealand suggest that the former may be a floristically reduced derivative of the latter. PART 1 OF THIS PAPER describes the structure The approximate number of species of seed and growth forms of the New Zealand rain plants in these forests is 240. From north to forest as exemplified by a forest in the far north. south there is an overall decrease in number of In Part 2, theories relating to the regeneration species. At about 38°S a number of species, of the dominant trees in the New Zealand rain mostly trees and shrubs, drop out or become forest generally are reviewed briefly, and their restricted to coastal sites, but it is not until about relevance to the situation in the study forest is 42°S, in the South Island, that many of the con considered. -
Reptiles and Amphibians of Otago
Society for Research on Amphibians and Reptiles in New Zealand (SRARNZ) presents Reptiles and Amphibians of Otago Otago is a large (31,251 km2) and lightly populated region of the southern South Island of Aotearoa New Zealand, stretching from the eastern coastline west to the Southern Alps. The earliest humans, of East Polynesian origin, arrived about 700 years ago. The largest settlement today is the coastal city of Dunedin (pop. >127,000), which grew from a Scottish influx in the 1800s. The Otago Regional Council administers the region, and tribal authority (mana whenua) rests with the iwi of Ngāi Tahu. Climates in the Otago region (roughly 45°– leiopelmatid frogs survive elsewhere in 47°S) range from changeable, cool- New Zealand. Two species of introduced temperate conditions near the coast to frogs are present, but there are no the near-continental climates (baking hot crocodilians, salamanders, terrestrial summers, freezing winters) of the interior. snakes or turtles. Marine turtles (mainly The region provides varied habitats for leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea) herp species, including sand-dunes, visit the coastal waters of Otago but do grasslands, shrublands, wetlands, forests, not nest here. rock structures and scree slopes, some occupied to at least 1900 m above sea level. Today’s herpetofauna is dominated by lizards (solely geckos and skinks), including about 10 described species. A further 12 or more undescribed taxa are recognised Otago by tag names for conservation purposes, and we follow that approach here. All lizards in Otago are viviparous and long- lived, and remain vulnerable to ongoing habitat loss and predation by introduced mammals. -
Keystone Species: the Concept and Its Relevance for Conservation Management in New Zealand
Keystone species: the concept and its relevance for conservation management in New Zealand SCIENCE FOR CONSERVATION 203 Ian J. Payton, Michael Fenner, William G. Lee Published by Department of Conservation P.O. Box 10-420 Wellington, New Zealand Science for Conservation is a scientific monograph series presenting research funded by New Zealand Department of Conservation (DOC). Manuscripts are internally and externally peer-reviewed; resulting publications are considered part of the formal international scientific literature. Titles are listed in the DOC Science Publishing catalogue on the departmental website http:// www.doc.govt.nz and printed copies can be purchased from [email protected] © Copyright July 2002, New Zealand Department of Conservation ISSN 11732946 ISBN 047822284X This report was prepared for publication by DOC Science Publishing, Science & Research Unit; editing by Lynette Clelland and layout by Ruth Munro. Publication was approved by the Manager, Science & Research Unit, Science Technology and Information Services, Department of Conservation, Wellington. CONTENTS Abstract 5 1. Introduction 6 2. Keystone concepts 6 3. Types of keystone species 8 3.1 Organisms controlling potential dominants 8 3.2 Resource providers 10 3.3 Mutualists 11 3.4 Ecosystem engineers 12 4. The New Zealand context 14 4.1 Organisms controlling potential dominants 14 4.2 Resource providers 16 4.3 Mutualists 18 4.4 Ecosystem engineers 19 5. Identifying keystone species 20 6. Implications for conservation management 21 7. Acknowledgements 22 8. References 23 4 Payton et al.Keystone species: the concept and its relevance in New Zealand Keystone species: the concept and its relevance for conservation management in New Zealand Ian J. -
Assessment of Lizards for a Proposed Expansion of the Kiwi Point Quarry, Ngauranga Gorge, Wellington
ASSESSMENT OF LIZARDS FOR A PROPOSED EXPANSION OF THE KIWI POINT QUARRY, NGAURANGA GORGE, WELLINGTON Barking gecko (Naultinus punctatus), one of the lizard species potentially present within the proposed quarry footprint. Contract Report No. 4378b December 2017 Project Team: Carey Knox - Field work, report author Astrid van Meeuwen-Dijkgraaf - Field work Prepared for: Wellington City Council PO Box 2199 Wellington 6140 WELLINGTON OFFICE: 22 RAIHA STREET, ELSDON, P.O. BOX 50-539, PORIRUA Ph 04-237-7341; Fax 04-237-7496 HEAD OFFICE: 99 SALA STREET, P.O. BOX 7137, TE NGAE, ROTORUA Ph 07-343-9017; Fax 07-343-9018, email [email protected], www.wildlands.co.nz CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. DESKTOP ASSESSMENT OF WELLINGTON LIZARD TAXA 1 3. SURVEY METHODS 2 3.1 Overview 2 3.2 Survey methods used 4 3.3 Information collected during the survey 6 4. SURVEY RESULTS 6 4.1 Likelihood of species presence 8 5. SURVEY LIMITATIONS 11 6. POTENTIAL ADVERSE EFFECTS 11 7. POSSIBLE MITIGATION FOR CLEARANCE OF LIZARD HABITAT 11 8. PERMIT REQUIREMENTS 12 9. CONCLUSIONS 13 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 13 REFERENCES 13 Reviewed and approved for release by: _______________________ W.B. Shaw Director/Principal Ecologist Wildland Consultants Ltd Wildland Consultants Ltd 2017 This report has been produced by Wildland Consultants Ltd for Wellington City Council. All copyright in this report is the property of Wildland Consultants Ltd and any unauthorised publication, reproduction, or adaptation of this report is a breach of that copyright. © 2017 Contract Report No. 4378b 1. INTRODUCTION Kiwi Point Quarry has been operating on Wellington City Council (WCC)-owned land in the Ngauranga Gorge since the 1920s. -
Species-Specific Basic Stem-Wood Densities for Twelve Indigenous Forest and Shrubland Species of Known Age, New Zealand
Marden et al. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science (2021) 51:1 https://doi.org/10.33494/nzjfs512021x121x E-ISSN: 1179-5395 published on-line: 15/02/2021 Research Article Open Access New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science Species-specific basic stem-wood densities for twelve indigenous forest and shrubland species of known age, New Zealand Michael Marden1,*, Suzanne Lambie2 and Larry Burrows3 1 31 Haronga Road, Gisborne 4010, New Zealand 2 Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research, Private Bag 3127, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand 3 Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research, PO Box 69041, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand *Corresponding author: [email protected] (Received for publication 19 July 2019; accepted in revised form 26 January 2021) Abstract Background: Tree carbon estimates for New Zealand indigenous tree and shrub species are largely based on mean of sites throughout New Zealand. Yet stem-wood density values feed directly into New Zealand’s international and nationalbasic stem-wood greenhouse densities gas accounting. derived from We a limitedaugment number existing of publishedtrees, often basic of unspecified stem-wood age density and from data a limited with new number age- old, across 21 widely-distributed sites between latitudes 35° tospecific estimate values carbon for 12stocks. indigenous forest and shrubland species, including rarely obtained values for trees <6-years and 46° S, and explore relationships commonly used Methods: The volume of 478 whole stem-wood discs collected at breast height (BH) was determined by water displacement, oven dried, and weighed. Regression analyses were used to determine possible relationships between basic stem-wood density, and tree height, root collar diameter (RCD), and diameter at breast height (DBH). -
Recent Changes in the Names of New Zealand Tree and Shrub Species
-- -- - Recent changes in the names of New Zealand tree and shrub species - Since the publication of 'Flora of New Zealand' Volume 1 (A- iii) Podocarpus dacydioides Dacrycarpus ducydioides lan 1961),covering indigenous ferns, conifers and dicots, there (iii)Podocarpus ferrugzneus Prumnopitys ferruginea have been major advances in taxonomic research and the clas- Podocarpus spicatus Prumnopitys taxijolia sification of many plant groups revised accordingly. Most of (iv1 Dacrydium cupressinum (unchanged) these changes have been summarised in the Nomina Nova (v)Dacrydium bidwillii Halocarpus bidwillii series published in the New Zealand Journal of Botany (Edgar Dacrydium bijorme Halocarpus bijormis 1971, Edgar and Connor 1978, 1983) and are included in re- Dacrydium kirkii Halocarpus kirkii cent books on New Zealand plants ie.g. Eagle 1982, Wilson (vi)Dacydium colensoi Lagarostrobos colensoi 1982). A number of these name changes affect important (vii)Dacrydium intermediurn Lepidothamnus intermedius forest plants and as several of these new names are now start- Dacrydium laxijolium Lepidotbamnus laxijolius ing to appear in the scientific literature, a list of changes af- (viii)Phyllocladus trichomanoidi~(unchanged) fecting tree and shrub taxa are given here. As a large number Phyllocladus glaucus (unchanged) of the readers of New Zealand Forestry are likely to use Poole Phyllocladus alpinus Phyllocladus aspleniijolius and Adams' "Trees and Shrubs of New Zealand" as their var. alpinus* * main reference for New Zealand forest plants, all the name changes are related to the fourth impression of this book. * It has been suggested that the Colenso name P, cunnin- it is important to realise that not all botanists necessarily ghamii (1884)should take precedence over the later (18891 ark agree with one particular name and you are not obliged to use name (P. -
Plant Charts for Native to the West Booklet
26 Pohutukawa • Oi exposed coastal ecosystem KEY ♥ Nurse plant ■ Main component ✤ rare ✖ toxic to toddlers coastal sites For restoration, in this habitat: ••• plant liberally •• plant generally • plant sparingly Recommended planting sites Back Boggy Escarp- Sharp Steep Valley Broad Gentle Alluvial Dunes Area ment Ridge Slope Bottom Ridge Slope Flat/Tce Medium trees Beilschmiedia tarairi taraire ✤ ■ •• Corynocarpus laevigatus karaka ✖■ •••• Kunzea ericoides kanuka ♥■ •• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• Metrosideros excelsa pohutukawa ♥■ ••••• • •• •• Small trees, large shrubs Coprosma lucida shining karamu ♥ ■ •• ••• ••• •• •• Coprosma macrocarpa coastal karamu ♥ ■ •• •• •• •••• Coprosma robusta karamu ♥ ■ •••••• Cordyline australis ti kouka, cabbage tree ♥ ■ • •• •• • •• •••• Dodonaea viscosa akeake ■ •••• Entelea arborescens whau ♥ ■ ••••• Geniostoma rupestre hangehange ♥■ •• • •• •• •• •• •• Leptospermum scoparium manuka ♥■ •• •• • ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• Leucopogon fasciculatus mingimingi • •• ••• ••• • •• •• • Macropiper excelsum kawakawa ♥■ •••• •••• ••• Melicope ternata wharangi ■ •••••• Melicytus ramiflorus mahoe • ••• •• • •• ••• Myoporum laetum ngaio ✖ ■ •••••• Olearia furfuracea akepiro • ••• ••• •• •• Pittosporum crassifolium karo ■ •• •••• ••• Pittosporum ellipticum •• •• Pseudopanax lessonii houpara ■ ecosystem one •••••• Rhopalostylis sapida nikau ■ • •• • •• Sophora fulvida west coast kowhai ✖■ •• •• Shrubs and flax-like plants Coprosma crassifolia stiff-stemmed coprosma ♥■ •• ••••• Coprosma repens taupata ♥ ■ •• •••• •• -
Report Format WITHOUT PHOTOS
LIZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN WAKANUI CREEK REALIGNMENT 28 FEBRUARY 2018 LIZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN WAKANUI CREEK REALIGNMENT PREPARED BY: DYLAN VAN WINKEL BIORESEARCHES GROUP LTD 68 BEACH ROAD, AUCKLAND [email protected] FOR: AECOM NEW ZEALAND LIMITED PO BOX 4241 SHORTLAND ST AUCKLAND 1140 DATE: 28 FEBRUARY 2018 REFERENCE: BIORESEARCHES (2017). LIZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN: WAKANUI CREEK REALIGNMENT COVER ILLUSTRATION: OLIGOSOMA AFF. POLYCHROMA Level 4, 68 Beach Road, Auckland 1010; PO Box 2727, Shortland Street, Auckland 1140. T: (09) 379-9417; www.bioresearches.co.nz CONTENTS Page 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 2 LIZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................................................................... 2 2.1 Context of the lizard management plan .............................................................. 2 2.2 Project area and area of affected habitat ........................................................... 2 2.3 Local lizard populations ....................................................................................... 5 2.4 Management of resident lizards .......................................................................... 5 3 LIZARD SALVAGE AND RELOCATION ................................................................................. 6 3.1 Lizard capture ...................................................................................................... 6 3.1.1 Active Searches ....................................................................................... -
An Assessment of the Suitability of Captive-Bred Founders for Lizard Restoration Projects Using Duvaucel’S Geckos (Hoplodactylus Duvaucelii)
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. An assessment of the suitability of captive-bred founders for lizard restoration projects using Duvaucel’s geckos (Hoplodactylus duvaucelii). A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Conservation Biology Massey University, Albany, New Zealand. Vivienne Glenday 2016 Abstract Sourcing founders for species restoration projects can be problematic, especially when using rare or endangered animals. Harvesting from small natural populations could be detrimental to those populations. A possible solution is to use captive-bred founders as this would reduce harvesting pressure on natural source populations. In the summer of 2013, a combination of captive-bred and wild-sourced Duvaucel’s geckos (Hoplodactylus duvaucelii) were released on two islands in Auckland’s Hauraki Gulf. To assess the suitability of captive-bred founders for species restoration projects, short-term survival, condition, reproductive performance, dispersal and activity patterns, and habitat use were investigated using mark-recapture surveys and radio telemetry over a 12 month period following the release, and comparisons were made between captive-bred and wild- sourced geckos. Captive-bred geckos were encountered more often than wild geckos one year after the release, and had greater increases in body condition index. They also had better overall health, but more partial tail losses. Gravid females from both groups were encountered during the first post-release breeding season and at least 50% of juveniles were encountered alive during the first year. -
Assessment of Microbranding As an Alternative Marking Technique for Long-Term Identification of New Zealand Lizards
AvailableHitchmough on-line et al.: at: Microbranding http://www.newzealandecology.org/nzje/ as an alternative marking technique for New Zealand Lizards 151 Assessment of microbranding as an alternative marking technique for long-term identification of New Zealand lizards Rod Hitchmough1*, Keri Neilson1,5, Kara Goddard2, Mike Goold2, Brett Gartrell3, Stu Cockburn1 and Nicholas Ling4 1Research & Development Group, Department of Conservation, PO Box 10 420, Wellington 6143, New Zealand 2Hamilton Zoo, Hamilton City Council, Private Bag 3010, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand 3New Zealand Wildlife Health Centre, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University Manawatu, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand 4Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand 5Present address: Lake Management Officer, River & Catchment Services, Environment Waikato Regional Council, PO Box 4010, Hamilton East 2032, New Zealand * Author for correspondence (Email: [email protected]) Published on-line: 1 May 2012 Abstract: ‘Microbranding’, a system for individually identifying reptiles and amphibians based on a numbered code of spot brands applied to the body and limbs, was tested on New Zealand skinks and geckos. Common geckos (Woodworthia maculata) and copper skinks (Oligosoma aeneum) were used as test animals. Brands applied in autumn took 3 months or more to heal. There was no evidence of brand-related mortality or increased parasite loads in branded animals. However, after healing the brands faded very rapidly in the skinks to become totally unreadable in all surviving branded skinks after 2.5 years and not accurately readable in most geckos after 3 years. We therefore consider the technique unsuitable as a standard marking procedure for New Zealand lizards. -
Patterns of Flammability Across the Vascular Plant Phylogeny, with Special Emphasis on the Genus Dracophyllum
Lincoln University Digital Thesis Copyright Statement The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: you will use the copy only for the purposes of research or private study you will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of the thesis and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate you will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Patterns of flammability across the vascular plant phylogeny, with special emphasis on the genus Dracophyllum A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of philosophy at Lincoln University by Xinglei Cui Lincoln University 2020 Abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of philosophy. Abstract Patterns of flammability across the vascular plant phylogeny, with special emphasis on the genus Dracophyllum by Xinglei Cui Fire has been part of the environment for the entire history of terrestrial plants and is a common disturbance agent in many ecosystems across the world. Fire has a significant role in influencing the structure, pattern and function of many ecosystems. Plant flammability, which is the ability of a plant to burn and sustain a flame, is an important driver of fire in terrestrial ecosystems and thus has a fundamental role in ecosystem dynamics and species evolution. However, the factors that have influenced the evolution of flammability remain unclear. -
Key Native Ecosystem Plan for Raroa-Pukerua Coast 2018-2021
Key Native Ecosystem Plan for Raroa-Pukerua Coast 2018-2021 Contents 1. Key Native Ecosystem plans 1 2. Raroa - Pukerua Coast Key Native Ecosystem site 2 3. Parties involved 2 4. Ecological values 3 5. Key threats to ecological values at the site 6 6. Objectives 8 7. Operational activities 8 8. Operational delivery schedule 10 9. Funding summary 11 Appendix 1: Site maps 12 Appendix 2: Threatened species list 17 Appendix 3: Regionally threatened plant species list 19 Appendix 4: Ecological Weeds 20 References 25 Raroa - Pukerua Coast 1. Key Native Ecosystem plans The Wellington region’s native biodiversity has declined since people arrived and the ecosystems that support it face ongoing threats and pressures. Regional councils have responsibility for maintaining indigenous biodiversity, as well as protecting significant vegetation and habitats of threatened species, under the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA). Greater Wellington Regional Council’s (Greater Wellington) Biodiversity Strategy1 sets a framework that guides how Greater Wellington protects and manages biodiversity in the Wellington region to work towards the vision below. Greater Wellington’s vision for biodiversity Healthy ecosystems thrive in the Wellington region and provide habitat for native biodiversity The Strategy provides a common focus across the council’s departments and guides activities relating to biodiversity. The vision is underpinned by four operating principles and three strategic goals. Goal One drives the delivery of the Key Native Ecosystem (KNE) Programme. Goal One Areas of high biodiversity value are protected or restored The KNE Programme is a non-regulatory voluntary programme that seeks to protect some of the best examples of original (pre-human) ecosystem types in the Wellington region by managing, reducing, or removing threats to their ecological values.