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Calistung) Bagi Masyarakat Di Distrik Ulilin

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Calistung) Bagi Masyarakat Di Distrik Ulilin DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/sarwahita.162.02 P-ISSN: 0216-7484 E-ISSN: 2597-8926 PEMBUATAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BACA TULIS HITUNG (CALISTUNG) BAGI MASYARAKAT DI DISTRIK ULILIN Andi Saparuddin Nur1), Tobias Nggaruaka2), Agus Kichi Hermansyah3) Jurusan Pendidikan Matematika, FKIP Universitas Musamus1) Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, FKIP Universitas Musamus2) Jurusan Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, FKIP Universitas Musamus3) Email: [email protected]), [email protected]), [email protected]) Abstract The ability of Calistung is a basic knowledge that must be possessed by someone to be able to learn various things. Merauke Regency still has lliteracy problems related to the low ability of Calistung, especially in Baidub Village, Ulilin District. The purpose of this service is to provide training and assistance to the community in Kampung Baidub to be able to improve the ability of Calistung. Service methods used are through the stages of observation, socialization, mentoring training, monitoring and evaluation. The activity will take place in May-August 2019 with the target of the illiterate community and students of Bupul XII Elementary Inpres in Baidub Village, Ulilin District. The results of this dedication were obtained by Calistung learning media in the form of simple counting tools (abacus), picture cards, word boards, and Calistung books. The level of community participation and students participating in the activities is very high as indicated by the ability of the community Calistung and elementary students in Baidub Village to increase after the implementation of the service. Keywords: learning media; Calistung; Ulilin District. Abstrak Kemampuan Calistung merupakan pengetahuan dasar yang harus dimiliki oleh seseorang untuk dapat mempelajari berbagai hal. Kabupaten Merauke masih memiliki permasalahan penuntasan buta aksara terkait rendahnya kemampuan Calistung khususnya di Kampung Baidub, Distrik Ulilin. Tujuan dilaksanakannya pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan kepada masyarakat di Kampung Baidub agar mampu meningkatkan kemampuan Calistung. Metode pengabdian yang digunakan melalui tahapan observasi, sosialisasi, pelatihan pendampingan, monitoring dan evaluasi. Pelaksanaan kegiatan berlangsung pada Bulan Mei-Agustus 2019 dengan sasaran masyarakat buta aksara dan siswa SD Inpres Bupul XII di Kampung Baidub, Distrik Ulilin. Hasil pengabdian ini diperoleh media pembelajaran calistung berupa alat hitung sederhana (sempoa), kartu bergambar, papan kata, dan buku Calistung. Tingkat partsisipasi masyarakat dan siswa mengikuti kegiatan tergolong sangat tinggi yang ditunjukkan dengan kemampuan Calistung masyarakat dan siswa SD di Kampung Baidub mengalami peningkatan setelah pelaksanaan pengabdian. Kata Kunci: Media Pembelajaran, Calistung, Distrik Ulilin 1. PENDAHULUAN memunculkan berbagai persoalan, Pendidikan sejatinya diantaranya buta aksara. Berdasarkan membebaskan dari belenggu hasil survey yang dilakukan oleh Badan keterbelakangan menuju peradaban yang Pusat Statistik (BPS) 2018, tingkat buta lebih baik. Namun kenyataannya, masih aksara paling tinggi terdapat di Provinsi banyak masyarakat yang belum Papua sebesar 28,75% (Kusuma & merasakan akses pendidikan. Tidak Halidi, 2018). Kondisi tersebut perlu adanya akses pendidikan yang memadai mendapatkan perhatian khusus, terlebih lagi pemberantasan buta aksara Sarwahita : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol. 16 No. 2 Tahun 2019 | 105 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/sarwahita.162.02 P-ISSN: 0216-7484 E-ISSN: 2597-8926 diamanatkan di dalam Permendiknas tersebut tidak terlepas dari kondisi Nomor 35 Tahun 2006 (Kemdiknas, ekonomi masyarakat Kampung Baidub 2006). Kabupaten Merauke sebagai tapal yang sangat bergantung pada hasil batas NKRI memiliki peranan penting perkebunan. Akan tetapi, Kepala dalam menjaga persatuan dan kesatuan Kampung Baidub juga menyadari bangsa. Peranan tersebut tidak akan pentingnya pendidikan buat masa depan mudah dilaksanakan jika masih banyak warganya. Masih tingginya angka buta masyarakat yang berada dalam kondisi aksara di Kampung Baidub merupakan buta aksara. Sejalan dengan kebijakan permasalahan yang wajib dan mendesak pemerintah pusat, pemerintah diselesaikan. Masyarakat Kampung Kabupaten Merauke juga memiliki Baidub sebagian besar adalah suku asli komitmen yang kuat untuk menuntaskan Papua yaitu Suku Yei (68,5%) buta aksara (Maya, 2018). Distrik yang membutuhkan sarana pembelajaran menjadi fokus pemberantasan buta membaca, menulis, dan menghitung aksara diantaranya Distrik Okaba, yang interaktif dan menarik. Terlebih Distrik Jagebob, Distrik Sota, dan masyarakat yang buta aksara dan buta Distrik Ulilin. angka yang lebih didominasi oleh orang Distrik Ulilin merupakan distrik tua. yang berbatasan langsung dengan Penggunaan media pembelajaran Negara Papua Nugini dan Kabupaten membaca, menulis, dan menghitung Boven Digoel. Kampung yang (Calistung) sangat efektif dalam mengalami tingkat buta aksara paling membangkitkan motivasi belajar. Media tinggi di Distrik Ulilin adalah Kampung pembelajaran merupakan sarana untuk Baidub. Angka melek huruf masyarakat memanipulasi konsep abstraksi dari Kampung Baidub hanya 32,6% dengan suatu informasi menjadi lebih dekat tingkat partisipasi pendidikan dasar dengan pengalaman belajar sebelumnya. 29,53%. Fasilitas pendidikan berupa Sebagai contoh untuk membelajarkan sekolah sangat terbatas dengan jumlah konsep geometri kepada siswa akan pengajar yang terbatas pula. terasa sulit jika hanya melalui objek Berdasarkan hasil wawancara abstrak, namun jika diilustrasikan ke bersama Kepala Kampung Baidub, dalam bentuk visual atau benda konkret terungkap bahwa warga memiliki maka siswa akan lebih mudah keinginan kuat untuk belajar dan memahaminya (Nur & Nurvitasari, menyekolahkan anaknya, namun kondisi 2017); (Supriyadi & Nur, 2019). Seperti yang ada memaksa warga kurang peduli halnya dengan Calistung, siswa yang terhadap masalah pendidikan. Orang tua hanya mengenal konsep membaca lebih senang jika anaknya ikut berkebun, melalui bacaan tanpa ada pengenalan berburu atau mencari kayu gaharu di huruf atau kata terlebih dahulu akan hutan karena hasil yang diperoleh dapat sangat sulit. Konsep perhitungan jika langsung dirasakan dibandingkan jika tidak didahului dengan pengenalan harus bersekolah. Pandangan warga angka atau objek yang mengilustrasikan Sarwahita : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol. 16 No. 2 Tahun 2019 | 106 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/sarwahita.162.02 P-ISSN: 0216-7484 E-ISSN: 2597-8926 makna angka maka tentu tidak akan tersebut juga berbeda. Menurut mampu menghasilkan kemampuan (Hermansyah, 2017b) siswa SD tidak berhitung dengan baik. mampu membaca dan menulis Hasil penelitian Hermansyah disebabkan lambatnya respon verbal (Hermansyah, 2017a) menyebutkan terakuisi menjadi simbol abstrak dalam bahwa pemahaman anak dalam bentuk huruf dan tanda kalimat. membaca lebig baik diawali dengan Meskipun siswa mampu berbicara pengetahuannya tentang berbicara dengan baik jika kemampuannya pengalaman di lingkungan sekitar. Anak memahami huruf lambat maka akan perlu didekatkan dengan situasi yang berakibat pada kurangnya kemampuan nyata serta memiliki makna dalam membaca dan menulis. Sementara itu, kehidupannya. (Nur, 2016) (Nur & Massang, 2016) menyebutkan mengungkapkan bahwa mempelajari bahwa kemampuan matematika siswa sesuatu yang bersifat konteks (sesuai dipengaruhi oleh faktor keluarga dan diri dunia nyata) lebih memudahkan siswa sendiri. Siswa yang malas berhitung atau mengolah abstraksi informasi daripada menganggap matematika kurang memperolehnya melalui penjelasan bermanfaat dalam kehidupannya dapat guru. Membaca, menulis dan berhitung menjadikan seseorang tidak dapat merupakan keterampilan dasar yang berhitung. Sejalan dengan hal tersebut, dibutuhkan oleh setiap manusia. (Nggaruaka, 2017) menemukan bahwa Kemampuan Calistung tidak dapat seseorang yang telah berada pada tahap langsung diberikan tanpa adanya dewasa, namun belum mampu membaca stimulus. Menurut (Nggaruaka, 2017) dan menulis lebih banyak dipengaruhi seseorang dalam belajar berbahasa harus oleh faktor lingkungan, seperti berada di menguasai keterampilan berbicara sesuai komunitas yang buta aksara sehingga dengan kondisi alamiahnya. Berbicara tidak memiliki kepentingan untuk merupakan instrumen dalam belajar atau merasa malu karena kondisi merangsang kognisi seseorang membaca buta aksara seakan-akan telah menjadi dan menulis. Hal tersebut disebabkan identitas. berbicara merupakan aktivitas fisik yang Oleh karena itu, pendekatan dilakukan secara verbal sedangkan pemberantasan buta aksara dan buta membaca dan menulis merupakan angka di Kampung Baidub sebagai aktivitas mental yang membutuhkan wujud nyata dukungan terhadap program banyak abstraksi. Pemerintah Kabupaten Merauke yang Target kegiatan pengabdian menjadikan pendidikan dasar sebagai Calistung di Kampung Baidub adalah pilar pembangunan menjadi sangat siswa SD dan masyarakat. Permasalahan urgen. Pendekatan yang dilakukan Calistung yang dialami siswa SD adalah melalui program pembuatan dengan masyarakat Kampung Baidub media pembelajaran Calistung untuk adalah hal berbeda. Pendekatan yang siswa SD Negeri Bupul XII dan digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah masyarakat Kampung Baidub. Sarwahita : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol. 16 No. 2 Tahun 2019 | 107 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/sarwahita.162.02 P-ISSN: 0216-7484 E-ISSN: 2597-8926 2. METODE PELAKSANAAN masih mengalami masalah calistung Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertempat di balai kampung.
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