Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

LAW LIBRARY PLANS FOR THE PRINT MATERIALS COLLECTION

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Table of Contents THE QUESTIONNAIRE ...... 10 Characteristics of the Sample...... 16 Use of Interlibrary Loan ...... 17 Comfort Level with eBooks ...... 17 Trends in Spending on Print, 2014, 2015, 2016 ...... 17 Areas Subject to Most Aggressive Elimination of Print Titles ...... 17 Change in Size of the Print Collection over the Past Five Years ...... 18 The Future of Print Collection over the Next Five years ...... 18 Percentage of Print Book Titles Culled Each Year ...... 18 Changes in Book Culling Philosophy ...... 19 Use of Space Liberated by Reductions in Print Spending...... 19 Trends in the Number of Journal Subscriptions in Print Maintained ...... 19 The Future of Print Journal Subscriptions ...... 20 Trends in the use of Print Forms of Legal Encyclopedias ...... 20 Percentage of Libraries that Survey their Patrons about Preferences for Print Vs. Digital Resources ...... 21 Maintenance of Print Forms When Digital Forms are Available in the Library ...... 21 Policies when Libraries have Both Print and Digital Forms in the Library ...... 21 Division of Print Materials Budget among Primary and Secondary Legal Information and Non-Legal Information ...... 22 Spending on Print Forms of Legal Directories ...... 23 Future Plans for Print Directories ...... 23 Spending on Print Subscriptions to Newspapers and Magazines ...... 23 Spending on Print Versions of Books that are not about Legal Subjects ...... 23 Impact of Ebooks ...... 24 Has the Library Ever Been Forced to Re-Purchase Culled Print Materials? ...... 24 Areas Most Resistant to the Culling or Print Sources ...... 24 Decisions-Making About Print Culling ...... 24 ALTERNATIVES TO PRINT ...... 26 What role has your inter-library loan capabilities and relations with consortia and other partners played in your print materials culling practices? Does the library maintain particularly vigorous print materials sharing arrangements with any other institutions? ...... 26

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection How comfortable would you say your library patrons are with the substitution of eBooks forms of treatises for print treatises? When does the acquisition of an eBook title lead you to eliminate or reduce your holdings of the print version of the same title? ...... 29 PRINT COLLECTION VOLUME ...... 33 Table 1 What has been the library's total spending on print materials in each of the following years: ...... 33 Table 1.1.1 What has been the library's total spending on print materials in 2014? (All figures in $ US) ... 33 Table 1.1.2 What has been the library's total spending on print materials in 2014? Broken out by Type of law library (All figures in $ US) ...... 33 Table 1.1.3 What has been the library's total spending on print materials in 2014? Broken out by full time equivalent librarians (All figures in $ US) ...... 33 Table 1.2.1 What has been the library's total spending on print materials in 2015? (All figures in $ US) ... 34 Table 1.2.2 What has been the library's total spending on print materials in 2015? Broken out by Type of law library (All figures in $ US) ...... 34 Table 1.2.3 What has been the library's total spending on print materials in 2015? Broken out by full time equivalent librarians (All figures in $ US) ...... 34 Table 1.3.1 What will be the library's total spending on print materials in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) ...... 34 Table 1.3.2 What will be the library's total spending on print materials in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library ...... 35 Table 1.3.3 What will be the library's total spending on print materials in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians ...... 35 In which areas has the library been most aggressive in eliminating print titles and why in these areas? ... 36 What has happened to your library's print materials collection over the past five years? Is it larger than it was five years ago, in what areas has it grown? If it is smaller, in what areas has it diminished? ...... 39 In your view what will happen to your library's print materials collection over the next five years? Will it become larger or smaller? If so, what areas will be most affected and why? Will spending remain the same? Increase or decrease? ...... 42 PRINT BOOK CULLING STRATEGY ...... 46 Table 2.1 Approximately what percentage of titles in your print book collection do you cull each year? ...... 46 Table 2.2 Approximately what percentage of titles in your print book collection do you cull each year? Broken out by Type of law library ...... 46 Table 2.3 Approximately what percentage of titles in your print book collection do you cull each year? Broken out by full time equivalent librarians...... 46 If the library has changed its book acquisitions and/or book collection culling strategy over the past five years, or expects to change it soon, please describe these changes...... 47 SPACE ISSUES...... 50 Table 3.1 If the library has reduced the size of its print collections in recent years, has this led to an increase in space that the library can use for other purposes? ...... 50

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Table 3.2 If the library has reduced the size of its print collections in recent years, has this led to an increase in space that the library can use for other purposes? Broken out by Type of law library ...... 50 Table 3.3 If the library has reduced the size of its print collections in recent years, has this led to an increase in space that the library can use for other purposes? Broken out by full time equivalent librarians ...... 50 PRINT JOURNALS ...... 54 Table 4 How many subscriptions to legal journals in print formats has the library maintained in each of the following years (include journals available in both print and online formats) ...... 54 Table 4.1.1 How many subscriptions to legal journals in print formats has the library maintained in 2014? (All figures in $ US) ...... 54 Table 4.1.2 How many subscriptions to legal journals in print formats has the library maintained in 2014? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library ...... 54 Table 4.1.3 How many subscriptions to legal journals in print formats has the library maintained in 2014? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians ...... 54 Table 4.2.1 How many subscriptions to legal journals in print formats has the library maintained in 2015? (All figures in $ US) ...... 55 Table 4.2.2 How many subscriptions to legal journals in print formats has the library maintained in 2015? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library ...... 55 Table 4.2.3 How many subscriptions to legal journals in print formats has the library maintained in 2015? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians ...... 55 Table 4.3.1 How many subscriptions to legal journals in print formats will the library maintain in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) ...... 55 Table 4.3.2 How many subscriptions to legal journals in print formats will the library maintain in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library ...... 56 Table 4.3.3 How many subscriptions to legal journals in print formats will the library maintain in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians ...... 56 What is the future of print journal subscriptions at your library in the near future? ...... 57 LEGAL ENCYCLOPEDIAS ...... 60 Table 5 How many volumes of legal encyclopedias in print format has the library maintained in each of the following years? Note that the question is about volumes and not subscriptions...... 60 Table 5.1.1 How many volumes of legal encyclopedias in print format has the library maintained in 2014? (All figures in $ US) ...... 60 Table 5.1.2 How many volumes of legal encyclopedias in print format has the library maintained in 2014? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library ...... 60 Table 5.1.3 How many volumes of legal encyclopedias in print format has the library maintained in 2014? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians ...... 60 Table 5.2.1 How many volumes of legal encyclopedias in print format has the library maintained in 2015? (All figures in $ US) ...... 61 Table 5.2.2 How many volumes of legal encyclopedias in print format has the library maintained in 2015? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library ...... 61 5 | P a g e

Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Table 5.2.3 How many volumes of legal encyclopedias in print format has the library maintained in 2015? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians ...... 61 Table 5.3.1 How many volumes of legal encyclopedias in print format will the library maintain in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) ...... 61 Table 5.3.2 How many volumes of legal encyclopedias in print format will the library maintain in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library ...... 62 Table 5.3.3 How many volumes of legal encyclopedias in print format will the library maintain in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians ...... 62 LOOSE-LEAF SERVICES ...... 63 Table 6 How many subscriptions to loose-leaf services in print formats has the library maintained in each of the following years? ...... 63 Table 6.1.1 How many subscriptions to loose-leaf services in print formats has the library maintained in 2014? (All figures in $ US) ...... 63 Table 6.1.2 How many subscriptions to loose-leaf services in print formats has the library maintained in 2014? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library ...... 63 Table 6.1.3 How many subscriptions to loose-leaf services in print formats has the library maintained in 2014? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians ...... 63 Table 6.2.1 How many subscriptions to loose-leaf services in print formats has the library maintained in 2015? (All figures in $ US) ...... 64 Table 6.2.2 How many subscriptions to loose-leaf services in print formats has the library maintained in 2015? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library ...... 64 Table 6.2.3 How many subscriptions to loose-leaf services in print formats has the library maintained in 2015? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians ...... 64 Table 6.3.1 How many subscriptions to loose-leaf services in print formats will the library maintain in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) ...... 64 Table 6.3.2 How many subscriptions to loose-leaf services in print formats will the library maintain in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library ...... 65 Table 6.3.3 How many subscriptions to loose-leaf services in print formats will the library maintain in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians ...... 65 OPINIONS AND ACTIONS OF LIBRARY PATRONS ...... 66 Table 7.1 Has the library surveyed its patrons on their preferences for print vs. digital resources as a prelude to decision making on reducing the size of book collections? ...... 66 Table 7.2 Has the library surveyed its patrons on their preferences for print vs. digital resources as a prelude to decision making on reducing the size of book collections? Broken out by Type of law library ...... 66 Table 7.3 Has the library surveyed its patrons on their preferences for print vs. digital resources as a prelude to decision making on reducing the size of book collections? Broken out by full time equivalent librarians .. 66 Table 8.1 Has your library measured use of print versions and digital versions when it maintains access to both forms of a particular resource? ...... 67

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Table 8.2 Has your library measured use of print versions and digital versions when it maintains access to both forms of a particular resource? Broken out by Type of law library ...... 67 Table 8.3 Has your library measured use of print versions and digital versions when it maintains access to both forms of a particular resource? Broken out by full time equivalent librarians ...... 67 If you have studied the use of print and digital forms of the same legal resource, what have you learned and how have your studies informed your collection decision making? ...... 68 Primary vs. Secondary Materials ...... 70 Table 9 How is the library's print materials budget approximately divided between primary (cases, laws, regulations, statutes), secondary (journals, treatises, books, reference worksheet), and on-legal materials? The answers should add up to 100%...... 70 Table 9.1.1 Primary Works ...... 70 Table 9.1.2 Primary Works Broken out by Type of law library ...... 70 Table 9.1.3 Primary Works Broken out by full time equivalent librarians ...... 70 Table 9.2.1 Secondary Works ...... 71 Table 9.2.2 Secondary Works Broken out by Type of law library ...... 71 Table 9.2.3 Secondary Works Broken out by full time equivalent librarians ...... 71 Non-Legal Subject Materials ...... 71 Table 9.3.1 non-Legal Subjects ...... 71 Table 9.3.2 non-Legal Subjects Broken out by Type of law library ...... 72 Table 9.3.3 non-Legal Subjects Broken out by full time equivalent librarians ...... 72 What kind of print presence do you maintain in primary legal materials and why does your library maintain this presence and what is its future? ...... 73 For non-legal materials such as newspapers, magazines, newsletters, technical studies and reports and other works that might provide valuable background and context for lawyers but are not specifically legal materials, what is the library's print presence in these areas and how will it develop in the near future? 77 DIRECTORIES ...... 80 Table 10 How much has the library spent on print forms of legal and other directories in the following years? ...... 80 Table 10.1.1 How much has the library spent on print forms of legal and other directories in 2014? (All figures in $ US) ...... 80 Table 10.1.2 How much has the library spent on print forms of legal and other directories in 2014? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library ...... 80 Table 10.1.3 How much has the library spent on print forms of legal and other directories in 2014? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians ...... 80 Table 10.2.1 How much has the library spent on print forms of legal and other directories in 2015? (All figures in $ US) ...... 81 Table 10.2.2 How much has the library spent on print forms of legal and other directories in 2015? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library ...... 81 7 | P a g e

Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Table 10.2.3 How much has the library spent on print forms of legal and other directories in 2015? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians ...... 81 Table 10.3.1 How much will the library spend on print forms of legal and other directories in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) ...... 81 Table 10.3.2 How much will the library spend on print forms of legal and other directories in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library ...... 82 Table 10.3.3 How much will the library spend on print forms of legal and other directories in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians ...... 82 What are the library's future plans for its print directory subscriptions? ...... 83 NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES ...... 85 Table 11 How much has the library spent on print subscriptions to newspapers and magazines that are not research or professional journals in each of the following years? ...... 85 Table 11.1.1 How much has the library spent on print subscriptions to newspapers and magazines that are not research or professional journals in 2014? (All figures in $ US) ...... 85 Table 11.1.2 How much has the library spent on print subscriptions to newspapers and magazines that are not research or professional journals in 2014? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library 85 Table 11.1.3 How much has the library spent on print subscriptions to newspapers and magazines that are not research or professional journals in 2014? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians ...... 86 Table 11.2.1 How much has the library spent on print subscriptions to newspapers and magazines that are not research or professional journals in 2015? (All figures in $ US) ...... 86 Table 11.2.2 How much has the library spent on print subscriptions to newspapers and magazines that are not research or professional journals in 2015? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library 86 Table 11.2.3 How much has the library spent on print subscriptions to newspapers and magazines that are not research or professional journals in 2015? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians ...... 87 Table 11.3.1 How much will the library spend on print subscriptions to newspapers and magazines that are not research or professional journals in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) ...... 87 Table 11.3.2 How much will the library spend on print subscriptions to newspapers and magazines that are not research or professional journals in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library ...... 87 Table 11.3.3 How much will the library spend on print subscriptions to newspapers and magazines that are not research or professional journals in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians ...... 88 What has been and what will be the library's strategy in terms of allocating its spending between print and digital resources for newspapers and magazines that are not specifically about legal subjects but provide valuable context? ...... 89 BOOKS ...... 91 Table 12.1 In the past year, how much has the library spent on print versions of books that are not legal materials? (All figures in $ US) ...... 91 8 | P a g e

Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Table 12.2 In the past year, how much has the library spent on print versions of books that are not legal materials? Broken out by Type of law library (All figures in $ US) ...... 91 Table 12.3 In the past year, how much has the library spent on print versions of books that are not legal materials? Broken out by full time equivalent librarians (All figures in $ US) ...... 92 What has been the general trend in the purchase of books that are not legal materials, specifically has their purchase been impacted by eBooks? Has the library shifted from print books to eBook and if so to what extent and through what venues? ...... 93 Culling the Print Collection ...... 96 Mention some incidents, if any, in which the library was forced to back track and restore access to print copies of materials that had been culled in printed form...... 96 Are particular disciplines or legal subjects in your view particularly resistant to the culling of, or reduced purchasing of print materials? If so which ones? ...... 99 How is print collection culling at your library organized? Which librarians are involved in the decision- making? Who makes the final decisions in particular areas? Who reviews decisions? Who overturns decisions? ...... 101

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection THE QUESTIONNAIRE

Introductory Information

1. Please give us the following contact information

A. Name: B. Organization: C. Title: D. Country: E. Email Address:

2. Type of law library

A. Law School Library B. Law Firm Library in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers C. Law Firm Library in Firm with more than 150 lawyers D. Government Law Library E. Private Company Law Library F. Other (please specify)

3. How many full time equivalent librarians are employed by your library?

Alternatives to Print

4. What role has your inter-library loan capabilities and relations with consortia and other partners played in your print materials culling practices? Does the library maintain particularly vigorous print materials sharing arrangements with any other institutions?

5. How comfortable would you say your library patrons are with the substitution of eBooks forms of treatises for print treatises? When does the acquisition of an eBook title lead you to eliminate or reduce your holdings of the print version of the same title?

Print Collection Volume

6. What has been the library's total spending on print materials in each of the following years:

A. 2014 B. 2015 C. 2016 (anticipated)

7. In which areas has the library been most aggressive in eliminating print titles and why in these areas?

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection 8. What has happened to your library's print materials collection over the past five years? Is it larger than it was five years ago, in what areas has it grown? If it is smaller, in what areas has it diminished?

9. In your view what will happen to your library's print materials collection over the next five years? Will it become larger or smaller? If so, what areas will be most affected and why? Will spending remain the same? Increase or decrease?

Print Book Culling Strategy

10. Approximately what percentage of titles in your print book collection do you cull each year?

11. If the library has changed its book acquisitions and/or book collection culling strategy over the past five years, or expects to change it soon, please describe these changes.

Space Issues

12. If the library has reduced the size of its print collections in recent years, has this led to an increase in space that the library can use for other purposes? A. Yes B. No

13. If space has been freed-up over the past five years how much space and how is this space now being deployed?

Print Journals

14. How many subscriptions to legal journals in print formats has the library maintained in each of the following years (include journals available in both print and online formats)

A. 2014 B. 2015 C. 2016 (anticipated)

15. What is the future of print journal subscriptions at your library in the near future?

Legal Encyclopedias

16. How many volumes of legal encyclopedias in print format has the library maintained in each of the following years? Note that the question is about volumes and not subscriptions.

A. 2014 B. 2015 C. 2016 (anticipated)

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

Loose-Leaf Services

17. How many subscriptions to loose-leaf services in print formats has the library maintained in each of the following years?

A. 2014 B. 2015 C. 2016 (anticipated)

Opinions & Actions of Library Patrons

18. Has the library surveyed its patrons on their preferences for print vs. digital resources as a prelude to decision making on reducing the size of book collections?

A. Yes B. No

19. Has your library measured use of print versions and digital versions when it maintains access to both forms of a particular resource? A. Yes B. No

20. If you have studied the use of print and digital forms of the same legal resource, what have you learned and how have your studies informed your collection decision making?

Primary vs. Secondary Materials

21. How is the library's print materials budget approximately divided between primary (cases, laws, regulations, statutes), secondary (journals, treatises, books, reference works, etc.), and on-legal materials? The answers should add up to 100%.

A. Primary Works B. Secondary Works C. non-Legal Subjects

22. What kind of print presence do you maintain in primary legal materials and why does your library maintain this presence and what is its future?

Non-Legal Subject Materials

23. For non-legal materials such as newspapers, magazines, newsletters, technical studies and reports and other works that might provide valuable background and context for lawyers but are not specifically legal materials, what is the library's print presence in these areas and how will it develop in the near future?

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection DIRECTORIES

24. How much has the library spent on print forms of legal and other directories in the following years?

A. 2014 B. 2015 C. 2016 (anticipated)

25. What are the library's future plans for its print directory subscriptions?

NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES

26. How much has the library spent on print subscriptions to newspapers and magazines that are not research or professional journals in each of the following years?

A. 2014 B. 2015 C. 2016 (anticipated)

27. What has been and what will be the library's strategy in terms of allocating its spending between print and digital resources for newspapers and magazines that are not specifically about legal subjects but provide valuable context?

BOOKS

28. In the past year, how much has the library spent on print versions of books that are not legal materials?

29. What has been the general trend in the purchase of books that are not legal materials, specifically has their purchase been impacted by eBooks? Has the library shifted from print books to eBook and if so to what extent and through what venues?

Culling the Print Collection

30. Mention some incidents, if any, in which the library was forced to back track and restore access to print copies of materials that had been culled in printed form.

31. Are particular disciplines or legal subjects in your view particularly resistant to the culling of, or reduced purchasing of print materials? If so which ones?

32. How is print collection culling at your library organized? Which librarians are involved in the decision-making? Who makes the final decisions in particular areas? Who reviews decisions? Who overturns decisions?

33. What is the greatest mistake that the library has made in its print materials collection development decision making in recent years?

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection PARTICIPANTS LIST

Akron Law Library Bacon Ballard Spahr Barclay Damon, LLP Berks County Law Library Bodleian Law Library, University of Oxford Caplin & Drysdale Clark Hill PLC Coleman Karesh Law Library, USC School of Law College of William & Mary Cooley LLP Dougherty County Law Library Drake Law Library Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP Fairfax Public Law Library Florida Coastal School of Law Foley & Lardner LLP Fowler School of Law Chapman University Gonzaga Haynes and Boone. LLP Holland & Hart, LLP Indiana University RL Law Library John Hancock Law Library of Montgomery Co. Los Angeles County Law Library Maryland State Law Library Maslon LLP Mayer Brown LLP McGeorge Law School, University of the Pacific McLane Law Firm Michigan State Univ. College of Law Mississippi College Law Library Montgomery County Circuit Court New York County District Attorney's Office NKU Chase College of Law Norfolk Law Library Ohio Attorney General's Office Orrick Pepperdine University Law Library Pierce County Law Library Quarles & Brady, LLP Ramsey County Law Library Reed Smith LLP Reinhart Boerner Van Deuren Ryley, Carlock & Applewhite 14 | P a g e

Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection SBCLL Schwabe Williamson & Wyatt Scott County Law Library Seton Hall Law Library Smith, Gambrell & Russell, LLP Southern California Edison St. Louis University Law School Library Superior Court of Arizona, Maricopa County The University of Alabama School of Law, Bounds Law Library U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit Library UC Hastings College of the Law UC Irvine Law Library UND Thormodsgard Law Library University of Miami Law Library US Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims US Department of Energy Yale Law Library

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

Characteristics of the Sample

Type of law library

Category # Law School Library 24 Law Firm Library in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers 6 Law Firm Library in Firm with more than 150 lawyers 14 Government Law Library 19 Private Company Law Library 3 Total 66

How many full time equivalent librarians are employed by your library?

Category # 2 or less 20 2+ -4 13 4+ -7 16 More than 7 17 Total 66

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection SUMMARY OF MAIN FINDINGS

Use of Interlibrary Loan

Unlike many academic libraries, law libraries, even academic law libraries, do not appear to be using interlibrary loan aggressively for the purposes of sharing materials and being able to cull materials that they might be able to borrow. A minority of law school libraries do rely on ILL somewhat significantly but they seem to be very much in the minority. Small firm libraries rely to a degree on local law school libraries and county law libraries while larger firm seem also share just as frequently with local academic and court libraries. Government law libraries, on the other hand, seem to be very much behind the curve when it comes to serving their own clientele through ILL and few report many collaborative arrangements, at least those that are aimed at benefiting their user base rather than supplying titles to others. The few private company law libraries in the sample do not appear to use ILL virtually at all. Comfort Level with eBooks

In general, university law libraries say that their patrons are not particularly comfortable with eBooks. While there are many exceptions, and some say that familiarity and ease of use is growing, the majority do not really feel that the current patron base is eBook savvy. Law firm libraries are even less likely to embrace eBooks; government libraries, and somewhat surprisingly, private company law libraries, are even less likely than the reluctant law firm libraries. One private company librarian put it this way: “We have had bad luck rolling out eBooks. They were not embraced. The technology was too primitive and confusing.”

Trends in Spending on Print, 2014, 2015, 2016

We asked the libraries sampled what had they spent on print materials in 2014, and 2015 and anticipated spending in 2016. The mean figure for 2014 was $586,117 with a median of $459,685 and a range of $250 to $3,040,000. The law school libraries in the sample spent a mean of $654,534 while small law firm libraries (less than 150 lawyers) spent a mean of $158,750 and large law firm libraries (more than 150 lawyers) spent a mean of $842,133. The government law libraries in the sample spent $469,083. Mean spending on print dropped to $501,123 and survey participants expect a further drop to $453,669 in 2016. The cumulative expected 2-year drop in spending on print resources from 2014-2016 is expected to be 22.6%.

Areas Subject to Most Aggressive Elimination of Print Titles

We asked the librarians sampled in which areas had the library been most aggressive in eliminating print titles and why? Generally, for law schools, reporters, journals and loose-leaf services and anything duplicated on WestlawNext, LexisNexis, Bloomberg Law or HeinOnline are the most likely candidates for elimination of paper. For law firm libraries one emphasis is elimination of duplication or paper sources among same firm offices. Many say that they have aggressively reduced print sources in all areas, others emphasize reporters and digests. 17 | P a g e

Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Government law libraries emphasized the elimination of primary law print sources. Some court libraries tend to maintain larger print collections since their clientele may not be as computer literate as those that use other law libraries. Private company law libraries tended to note the lack of space and personnel to take care of a print collection.

Change in Size of the Print Collection over the Past Five Years

We asked the libraries sampled: What has happened to your library's print materials collection over the past five years? Is it larger than it was five years ago, in what areas has it grown? If it is smaller, in what areas has it diminished?

For university law libraries the answers invite much further inquiry. Some had reduced their collections substantially; others had more or less held them constant while a healthy number had also increased the size of their print collections over the past five years. While most university law libraries appear to have reduced the size of their print collections, the trend was not all encompassing or definitive and the many libraries had a range of varying policies. For law firm libraries at both large and small firms the trend was clearer; down, often substantially. On the whole and with some exceptions, the size of print collections at government law libraries also shrunk.

The Future of Print Collection over the Next Five years

Next we asked about the future. In your view what will happen to your library's print materials collection over the next five years? Will it become larger or smaller? If so, what areas will be most affected and why? Will spending remain the same? Increase or decrease?

For university law libraries, about a sixth expect their spending on print collections to grow, while about half expect it to go down and about a third expecting it to remain about the same. Whatever the case it would seem that the rate of decrease in print spending is likely to slow down somewhat but not reverse. For law firm libraries, on the other hand, almost all expect continued decreases. Some libraries appear to believe that publishers of print materials are “gouging” prices to make up for lost revenue as demand for print products drops.

Percentage of Print Book Titles Culled Each Year

We asked: Approximately what percentage of titles in your print book collection do you cull each year? The mean was 10, 71% with a median of 10% and a range of 0 to 65%. The culling percentage was lowest for law school and government law libraries, at 6.82% and 6.14% respectively. Large law firm libraries culled a quite high 21.3% of their print book titles in the past year while smaller law firm libraries culled 10.3%. For government libraries the figure was 6.14%. In general the larger law libraries tended to cull more. Those with 2 or fewer full time equivalent librarians culled a mean of 8.68% of titles while those with 4 or more FTE librarians culled exactly or slightly more than 12.3%.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Changes in Book Culling Philosophy

We asked: If the library has changed its book acquisitions and/or book collection culling strategy over the past five years, or expects to change it soon, please describe these changes. Some university law librarians tended to speak more to acquisitions strategy and several commented that their acquisition models had changed from what one called more ”just-in- time than just in case. In other words it is driven more by patron requests than by librarian collection building.” One university library gradually weeded most print journals and we thought their print culling experience overall was worth reproducing in the summary: “We used to get rid of all law school law reviews except for the top 100, then it was the top 50 cited journals and then down to the top 25 cited journal titles. We are contemplating getting rid of the top 25 as they are most likely to be online. Print titles that were considered "sacred" in the past are now on the chopping block like state codes, reporters etc. We purchased Making of Modern Law and are contemplating matching the electronic and print bib records and eliminating the print books. We will also be weeding the collection to remove duplicate copies, superseded series based on the bibliographers decision on whether the historical work is worth keeping in this library or not.”

For law firms, culling philosophy varies enormously as some have decided to go “all electronic” and cull print with that goal in mind; others survey attorneys to determine print culling rates and some cull print as online alternatives come available.

Use of Space Liberated by Reductions in Print Spending

We asked: If the library has reduced the size of its print collections in recent years, has this led to an increase in space that the library can use for other purposes? A third of the libraries sampled said that the reduction in the size of its print collections had led to an increase in space used for other purposes. Overwhelmingly two types of libraries accounted for those that could shift space to other purposes by reducing print collections; they were: law school libraries and law firm libraries in smaller law firms. For the former 58.33% had space liberated for other purposes by declines in print holdings; or the latter, the figure was 50%. For university law libraries, many used the space for group study areas or study rooms; a few expanded library space reserved for faculty. Law firms tended to create more offices for attorneys.

One government law library found an enterprising use for its saved space, they write: “When we eliminated our Federal print collection we converted that room into a conference room. We rent out the conference room to law firms for depositions. We don't make a huge sum of money on our rentals, but it is some steady additional income.”

Trends in the Number of Journal Subscriptions in Print Maintained

We asked: How many subscriptions to legal journals in print formats has the library maintained in each of the following years: 2014, 2015, and 2016 (include journals available in both print and online formats. The mean for all law libraries sampled was 295.4 in 2014

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection dropping to 222 in 2015 and dropping again to 146.74 anticipated for 2015, an astounding drop. It is law school libraries that account for much of this radical decline; the mean number of print journal subscriptions maintained in 2014 was nearly 970 but this dropped to 745 in 2015 and survey participants expect another drop to 469 in 2016; print subscriptions to journals would have more than halved in two years. For small law firm libraries the number of subscriptions to print journals went from 66.67 to 51.67 and then to an anticipated 45 over the three year period, a cumulative 3-year drop of 32%. For larger law firms the drop was much less severe, from a mean of 79.5 in 2014 to 74 in 2015 to an anticipated 70 in 2016, a decline of about 12%. For government law libraries, print subscriptions went from 55 in 2014 to 29.4 in 2015 and then to an anticipated 24 in 2016, a drop of 56.4%.

The Future of Print Journal Subscriptions

We asked: What is the future of print journal subscriptions at your library in the near future?

Essentially the future is rather bleak with many libraries cancelling print versions of anything that is available on major electronic information services. Some are keeping a range of the top journals but cancelling others. The trend in law firm libraries, similarly, is for aggressive weeding for those libraries that have not already done so. Same is true for government and private law firm libraries, one noting simply; “There is no future for print subscriptions.”

Trends in the use of Print Forms of Legal Encyclopedias

Next we asked about how many volumes of legal encyclopedias in print format has the library maintained in 2014, 2015 and anticipated for 2016.

The mean number maintained for all libraries in the sample was 248.63 but the median was only 4; most were held by law school and government law libraries. The mean number of volumes held by law school libraries was 322.11 while for government libraries it was 369.8. Large law firm libraries held 125.13 – keep in mind that this is volumes, not subscriptions.

Interestingly, the number of volumes held increased modestly to 261.84 in 2015 and then will drop sharply to an anticipated 182.37 in 2016. For law school libraries the count went down from 322.11 to 249.89 to an expected 219.33 in 2016, a cumulative 3-year expected drop of 32%. Large law firm libraries dropped from 125.13 to 87.5 over the three year period, a cumulative decline of 32.4%. Similarly, government libraries will drop from 369.8 to an expected 283.7 in 2016, a drop of 23.2%.

The libraries sampled had subscriptions to a mean of 105.94 loose-leaf services, with a median of 42.5 and a range of 780. Overall the number of subscriptions is expected to drop off to 78.72 in 2016, a decline of 25.4%. For law school libraries, the total number of subscriptions in 2014 to 2016 (anticipated) will go from 190.75 to 153.38 and then to an expected 118.38, a drop off of approximately 38%. Government law libraries plan reductions from a mean of 42.3 subscriptions to 30 in 2016, a drop of 29.3%. Large law firm libraries planned only marginal cuts of about 6.3% while small law firm libraries planned greater cuts of about 21%.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

Percentage of Libraries that Survey their Patrons about Preferences for Print Vs. Digital Resources

54.555 of libraries surveyed have themselves surveyed their library patrons on their preferences for print vs. digital resources as a prelude to decision-making on reducing the size of print book collections. Law school libraries and the libraries of small law firms were the most likely to have done such surveying.

Maintenance of Print Forms When Digital Forms are Available in the Library

We asked: Has your library measured use of print versions and digital versions when it maintains access to both forms of a particular resource? 34.85% had done so, with small law firm libraries and law school libraries the most likely to have done so; 50% of the former and 45.83% of the latter had done such surveying.

Policies when Libraries have Both Print and Digital Forms in the Library

We asked: If you have studied the use of print and digital forms of the same legal resource, what have you learned and how have your studies informed your collection decision making? The range of opinions here are quite wide and varied. Some more or less said that print was passé’ and on the way out and had no important place in their collections. One university law librarian wrote: “Hardly anyone uses our print collection. We did subscribe to way too many print sources in 2012. I've cancelled over $650,000 over the past three years and could cancel more very easily.”

However, most viewed print as a kind of new niche technology that has its limited but definite place. One writes: “Our students are not in the habit of using print EXCEPT for textbooks and course review materials. This is a very important print collection and we continue to support it. They find digital format easier to manipulate when they need to retrieve an answer to a particular question. So we are no longer keeping loose-leaf titles & multi-volume print sets if the titles are available in digital from a major vendor or platform. They also prefer a "single source" big box approach. We teach a very popular Advanced Legal Research class which is attended by 40% of the graduating class, and we cover cost-effective, time-effective research in the real world. They are exposed to print at that time and many realize it will be useful from the practice perspective. But digital is a good format for supporting seminar and upper-level writing research, since they use law reviews quite heavily.

Another writes: “We have found that our patrons are evenly split on their preferences but that the majority prefer to read cases in paper still, having located them online. We use this feedback to ensure we maintain as much in paper as is manageable, and which reflects reading list content and topics as well.”

Large law firms, too, maintain an interest in print. One librarian writes:

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

“We had a few eBooks, but the constraints the publisher placed on the titles drastically limited the use. The eBooks were one time downloads that had to be put on a computer in the library. No one used them. Since the patrons were already in the library, they preferred to use the print titles. The limitations also meant that the eBooks could not be lent out.”

And one private company law librarian notes that: “Most users enjoy the "access from anywhere" of the digital or electronic resources, however, most users admit they prefer the print for some areas e.g. tax codes etc.”

Division of Print Materials Budget among Primary and Secondary Legal Information and Non-Legal Information

We asked: How is the library's print materials budget approximately divided between primary (cases, laws, regulations, statutes), secondary (journals, treatises, books, reference works, etc.), and on-legal materials? The answers should add up to 100%.

For primary works, the mean was 35.53% with a median of 30% and a range of 5% to 90%. For law school libraries, print primary materials accounted for 54% of the total print materials budget, a much higher percentage than for law firm libraries 27.5% to 28% or government law libraries, 32.86%. Secondary works accounted for a mean of 56.54% of the print materials budget with a median of 60% and a range of 9% to 90%. Non-legal subjects accounted for a mean of 7.92% of the print materials budget, with a median of 5% and a range of 0 to 40%. Government and private company law libraries spent the highest percentage of their print materials budget on non-legal materials, 9.79% and 13.33% respectively.

We asked: What kind of print presence do you maintain in primary legal materials and why does your library maintain this presence and what is its future? Print remains for a variety of reasons: consortia obligations, desire for print reporters for own-state and bordering states, libraries of record need paper. For whatever reasons, many university law libraries maintain print copies of Federal statutes and regulations.

One small law firm librarian noted that: “The primary legal materials we retain in print are mostly state materials. The states we practice in for the majority of our work do not have strong electronic access to their primary materials.”

Next we asked: For non-legal materials such as newspapers, magazines, newsletters, technical studies and reports and other works that might provide valuable background and context for lawyers but are not specifically legal materials, what is the library's print presence in these areas and how will it develop in the near future?

Subscriptions to non-legal materials among university law libraries appears mostly driven by requests from faculty and to a lesser extent students; some also maintain a basic magazine and newspaper subscription collection. For law firms these collections are driven partially by a need to maintain a basic news collection, such as a few major newspapers, but also by demands for information about specific industries served by the law firm.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

Spending on Print Forms of Legal Directories

Next we asked about spending on print forms of legal directories, which was minimal. For the entire sample the mean in 2014 was only $1,765.56 and the median, must $500. The range was 0 to $11,100. Large law firm libraries spent the most, a mean of $4,640 while university law libraries spent the least, a mean of just $500.

Spending fell to a mean of $1,428.41 in 2015 with a median of $350. Much of the fall was when one big law firm subscriber paying more than $11,100 suddenly cut back and this field seems prone to sudden cutbacks of print materials that are also available online. Other types of law libraries, for smaller law firms, government and university law libraries, experienced mild one year drops on the order of approximately 2% to 6%. Anticipated spending for 2016 on print forms of legal directories fell to a mean of $1403.70, a modest drop of about 1.75%. Large law firm libraries in the sample actually anticipated spending slightly more on print versions of legal directories in 2016, after the substantial drop the year before.

Future Plans for Print Directories

We asked about future plans for print directories. In general most of the cancellation work has already been done by university law libraries which rely on electronic sources. However, there still appears to be some stable demand from small law firm libraries, though they are expected to shrink their print collections in this area, albeit slowly. Large law firm libraries appear less open to print, perhaps because they have better economies of scale in online purchasing. Government libraries appear likely to maintain many print directory subscriptions in the near future.

Spending on Print Subscriptions to Newspapers and Magazines

We asked: How much has the library spent on print subscriptions to newspapers and magazines that are not research or professional journals in each of the following years? The mean for 2014 for all libraries sampled was $2478.74 with a median of $442.34 and a range of 0 to $22,000. The data was relatively sparse here and many libraries did not answer this question and perhaps did not have a good estimate of these content forms. Spending fell modestly to $2,397.46 in 2015 and then is expected to rise a drop to an expected $2403 in 2016. University law libraries tend to rely on other campus libraries for newspapers and magazines though many also keep a core collection. In general, for other libraries, they do tend to see some value in maintaining some print and magazine subscriptions though in some cases they are subsumed by an over-riding concern with reducing expenditures on print.

Spending on Print Versions of Books that are not about Legal Subjects

We also looked at book spending in the same vein, asking: In the past year, how much has the library spent on print versions of books that are not legal materials? The mean for all libraries 23 | P a g e

Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection was $2174.84 but the median was just $200 with a range of 0 to $20,000. Law school and government law libraries tended to spend the most; $2328.57 for law school libraries and $2646.43 for government law libraries. Impact of Ebooks

We asked about the impact of eBooks, querying: What has been the general trend in the purchase of books that are not legal materials, specifically has their purchase been impacted by eBooks? Has the library shifted from print books to eBook and if so to what extent and through what venues? For law school libraries, many access eBooks through the main campus but some have started to buy their own collections, even of non-legal subject eBooks. For the most part eBook of non-legal materials have not taken off in the law firm or government or private firm law department library.

Has the Library Ever Been Forced to Re-Purchase Culled Print Materials?

Since much culling of print legal materials has been going on over the past ten years, we asked librarians sampled to mention some incidents, if any, in which the library was forced to back track and restore access to print copies of materials that had been culled in printed form. Many libraries had stories of canceled print titles restored while just as many never had a problem. Some reasons listed for backtracking: when an online service is canceled this left holes in the collection so previously canceled print subscriptions were restored; the occasional print aficionado judge, partner or law professor with an aversion to online sources and other reasons.

Areas Most Resistant to the Culling or Print Sources

We asked: Are particular disciplines or legal subjects in your view particularly resistant to the culling of, or reduced purchasing of print materials? If so which ones?

One area of print materials that librarians were reluctant to cut was tax law materials, as much necessary materials does not appear to be easily accessible online. Monographs is another area that lends itself to print as one survey participant put it: “Monographs. I realize this is not a discipline or subject. But as I noted earlier, monographs are studied in a different manner than the larger treatises. It is important to have a format that is a comfortable read that lends itself to learning-in-space with sticky notes and fixed images. There is a physicality to learning. As librarians we need to watch the emerging literature from the medical fields on how fixed images are stored into memory, for deeper & more effective recall.”

Decisions-Making About Print Culling

We asked: How is print collection culling at your library organized? Which librarians are involved in the decision-making? Who makes the final decisions in particular areas? Who reviews decisions? Who overturns decisions?

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection The review process varies widely at various legal libraries. At law school libraries a committee often decides, sometimes based on a vote and, in some cases subject to a director’s approval. At firms, in some cases attorneys play a role. One librarian writes: “The firm mandated a reduction in the print collection in order to convert library space to a conference room. I prepared a list of print resources that were duplicated in our online subscriptions, and reviewed list with practice group leaders. After securing their support, the materials were pulled from the print collection. A practice group leader can request renewal of print materials, which can be accommodated if budget is available.”

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

ALTERNATIVES TO PRINT

What role has your inter-library loan capabilities and relations with consortia and other partners played in your print materials culling practices? Does the library maintain particularly vigorous print materials sharing arrangements with any other institutions?

Law School Library 1) We will rely on traditional ILL for other states' materials - only collect our own states primary law in print (with some exceptions I am sure). 2) We participate in standard ILL, and it has not yet factored into our culling decisions. 3) We have an active ILL program, and it minimally impacts our collection decisions. 4) We have downsized our print collection. Expenditures on monographs have been severely curtailed. As a result, ILL borrowing has increased. We do not have vigorous sharing arrangements other than ILL with other institutions. 5) Little. Yes. 6) The library does not have a strong sharing arrangement with any other institutions. 7) Key role to know what other libraries are retaining. Yes, we have good sharing arrangements. 8) Most of our ILL is for non-legal materials. We do not currently have any materials sharing arrangements with other institutions. 9) Somewhat but that isn't the driving force. We have a print materials sharing arrangement but I wouldn't consider it vigorous. 10) We tend to rely on other schools to borrow for interlibrary loan. We see ILL as a safety net for items we are culling. 11) Some role, especially for what materials we agree to collect from foreign jurisdictions 12) We share a lot of our material with others. We do not cull print, we relocate it to our own off site storage facility from which it can be retrieved, same day, to patrons. 13) No 14) We weed a lot more of our print collection because we can rely on our ILL agreements. 15) ILL is important, but we have no consortia agreements for keeping print materials. 16) Belong to a consortium and participate in ILL/doc del. More likely to impact purchasing than culling. 17) ILL does not play a significant role. No, we do not have a print sharing agreements. 18) Sometimes we'll purchase material after an ILL is requested. No, we don't have explicit print sharing arrangements. 19) In doing ILL, if we notice a particular item being requested often by a professor, we will consider purchasing the item for our collection. ILL is used as a way to judge our own collection and its offerings. 20) We rely on inter-library loan for non-legal materials and rely on several consortia as well as the extended university library system. We do maintain vigorous print sharing arrangements with the main university library. 21) ILL has not played a part in our decisions regarding print collections.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection 22) We have consortia agreements with MAALL to share titles for the State Codes. We got rid of codes we were not responsible to keep with the exception of California, Louisiana, and Delaware. So a few of the codes we don't have to keep but we chose to anyway. 23) As part of the University we do ILL, we also have individual agreements with other law libraries. 24) We're part of the larger UC collections. If title already held by main campus or multiple UC's unlikely to duplicate

Law Firm Library in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers 1) Vigorous isn't quite the word I'd use but we are finding ourselves relying more on local and regional law school libraries and public law libraries to expand our access to print materials. 2) Yes, we use a subscription to a local count law library to supplement what we do not have in print. 3) Somewhat limited dependence on other libraries. Do rely on Library of Congress. We do maintain print materials sharing arrangements with other institutions. 4) large quasi-private court library nearby loans us books weekly and sometimes more 5) No ILL capabilities 6) no

Law Firm Library in Firm with more than 150 lawyers 1) Very little, since most libraries are discarding print materials. We occasionally request to borrow materials but rarely lend materials due to low staffing and reduction in print collection. 2) We have several relationships with nearby law schools and county law libraries. Our needs do not require having borrowing from other institutions. 3) We do not have any particular relationships but do use our public library, law school libraries, state law library and university library for print materials on occasion 4) We depend upon our local law school libraries and public law libraries (State, county) for archival material as we do not have sufficient physical space to keep them on-site. 5) ILL has played a small part in our ability to reduce print. We have been more successful reducing print if it just was not used enough to warrant the price tag or it was available through our Lexis, Westlaw or other online provider subscriptions. 6) Yes 7) Very little, if any role in our culling practices. No arrangements. 8) Has played a large part. No, we don't. 9) ILL has played only a small role in our culling practices--online access has played a much greater role. I would not describe our print sharing arrangements as vigorous, but they are certainly active in our offices with library staff. 10) ILL has not played much of a role at all. Kind of surprising but the need has not been there. We have no arrangements with other institutions. 11) membership in a subscription library provides backstop 12) Our ability to borrow or obtain materials from nearby court and academic libraries has allowed us to weed many print titles. 13) Basically no role at all. 14) We consider cancelling print if it's online/digital/eBook or readily available at a local public library. We do not partner/share

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Government Law Library 1) Our library does not really belong to any major consortia so it does not play a role in our weeding. 2) Very little 3) none presently 4) We do not share print materials (or have done so on a very limited basis in the past), so it has not impacted our decisions on print subscriptions. 5) Culling print books has depended more on the availability of electronic format, especially for large sets like the General Digest. We rely on Westlaw and Lexis. I use ILL for items we cannot get online. We are very narrowly focused so it doesn't make sense for us to have large general sets. 6) Minimal role. Wait time is often too long for our patrons. We do not have formal sharing agreements with other institutions. 7) There has been such a turnover of librarians and a multiplicity of users that ILL is seriously impaired and many books seem to vanish. 8) No ill 9) none 10) We eliminated 95% of our print material this past year in favor of electronic material. We now utilize ILL whenever we can to acquire material that our patrons need. However, most other law libraries in our area have done vigorous culling as well. 11) Inter-library loan capabilities play no part in our culling practices. 12) None 13) We do not often request or receive ILL 14) We receive via ILL, but cannot reciprocate 15) We are members of New York Law institute 16) We share print titles with other county law libraries. We have also lent titles to the local university's law library. 17) We list our materials in the union catalog maintained at the MN State Law Library. We ILL with both the public consortium and the State LL 18) We cut the lightly used materials that are available at a mailing distance of approx. 2 days 19) We maintain print sources because we serve a large pro se clientele and it it's difficult for inexperienced legal researcher to use online products. We also lean on the state law library for back-up and help for more scarce materials.

Private Company Law Library 1) We rarely borrow through ILL. On occasion we will use a list serve to borrow or loan to local institutions, 2) We have "culled" our print materials to the bare minimum. No sharing arrangements, we have migrated to more electronic materials with licensing in place for internal only sharing. 3) We rarely ILL as we are not near any other libraries. Our collection continues to be downsized. Many large sets are out of date.

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Law School Library 1) Don't consider treatises that are online on Lexis Advance, WestlawNext or Bloomberg Law real "e- books" but we still rely on those in order to cancel print versions previously subscribed to. Hardly any students are comfortable with the print treatises - but I don't know how comfortable they are with the online treatises either. 2) We have yet to replace any treatises with eBooks, as there has been no demand and in some cases resistance to using electronic versions of some print materials. 3) The students and some of the faculty are comfortable with e-books. If enough users of a particular title are okay with electronic, we will cancel the print. 4) Not really all that comfortable. Patrons tend to prefer print in most cases. However, we have increased acquisition of e-books titles for cost and space savings. We do keep print versions if we already had them. 5) Not very. Occasionally for very expensive titles. 6) So far, our students have not embraced eBooks. They prefer print. A few of our faculty will read eBooks, but very infrequently. The acquisition of an eBook title has not led us to eliminate or reduce holdings in print. 7) Becoming more comfortable. Budget dictates elimination of print that is duplicated in electronic form. 8) Our users want electronic materials rather than print materials. We do not currently duplicate print and electronic materials. 9) Somewhat comfortable. They are comfortable with Westlaw/Lexis/Bloomberg Law substitution for a print treatise. I think faculty don't care for eBooks (monographs). 10) Many patrons are very comfortable. Some older professors are not. We are typically purchasing eBooks instead of print rather than tossing the print. 11) Most are comfortable with substitution of e-books for treatises but less so for monographs 12) Some users like eBooks, but not the majority. We do not eliminate print when we acquire e-books - they have different purposes. The textbooks that students want are not available for libraries to buy as eBooks for use by patrons, so that hampers us. 13) They are trained to use electronic resources and our policy is to collect in electronic first if available. 14) They're getting used to it now. 15) Reaction to eBook and (more often) to using treatises online via a vendor rather than in print is mixed. Some Profs like it; others do not. The availability via Bloomberg Law, LexisNexis, and Westlaw is definitely a factor in what we keep in print, but we have not acquired eBooks for our collection separately. 16) Loose-leaf treatises -- OK to electronic; monographs - not so much, prefer print; students generally prefer print textbooks 17) We do not purchase e-books per se. If a treatise is going to be used for regular, scholarly use by faculty we still purchase print. However, we know students use many secondary materials as if they were reference materials (consulting for one answer to a single question) so if those secondary

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection sources are low-use in print but available in digital format from a vendor, we may opt to cancel print. 18) They are not at all comfortable with eBooks. Other electronic resources (Westlaw, Lexis, HeinOnline, etc.) are used in making decisions about print holding. 19) We are not up-to-date with eBook options. We have some in the collection, but our faculty seem to prefer print options. 20) Our patrons are somewhat comfortable with eBook treatises. We rarely eliminate a print title when we purchase an eBook version. 21) We are only now beginning to rule out eBooks. 22) We are not at that point yet except for canceling print titles like loose-leaf titles for companies that have databases like Westlaw Next and LexisNexis. 23) Students are more comfortable than faculty with e-books. Most e-book purchases mean disposal of print version. 24) Often when offered an eBook already available to them, faculty will request a print. On the other hand, I've had them request eBook as well. If there is an eBook on campus, I may wait until firm request before I duplicate in print

Law Firm Library in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers 1) When the attorney interested in the title is willing to have an eBook version instead, that's when we will cancel the print version. 2) No, but online access to titles via West/Lexis can reduce some print titles. 3) Not very comfortable. Will reduce print holding if the title is available online through legal databases like Lexis and Westlaw. 4) Not very comfortable. 5) Patrons do not like eBooks. In addition, vendor pricing and distribution of eBook products has impeded acceptance of this format in our firm. 6) not very comfortable; when the access and price make doing so more favorable

Law Firm Library in Firm with more than 150 lawyers 1) Not comfortable. 2) EBook licensing terms are cumbersome, therefore our eBook purchases are limited. 3) We don't use eBooks. They are not cost effective for us. 4) We have not introduced eBooks. Instead, we encourage our users to access material through our CALR providers. Once a title is included in our online subscription, it will very likely be canceled in print (although if there is shelf space it may be held for another year or two) 5) The users are not there yet, but we are planning on trying to migrate them to eBooks in the near future 6) Not very comfortable at this time. They prefer online or print 7) Users not comfortable with eBooks although we are promoting them, we look at all options when purchasing a new title and if eBook is an option, we try to go that route when possible. Allows for sharing of our materials across our multiple offices (18 domestic). 8) Not at all comfortable. Virtually always eliminate print when acquiring eBook title. 9) On the whole I would say "barely comfortable"--in the big picture library space is disappearing along with the current print holdings, but in practice when an atty is faced with, "we don't have a current 30 | P a g e

Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection print copy but it is online" they seem to feel that is unfair and want the print for themselves in many instances (however it usually isn't an option--we don't have a lot of duplication of current print copies and online access). We do not have eBooks as such, just online access from the major platforms, but it plays a big role in decided which to keep/cancel. 10) EBooks have not been a good solution for us and we do not provide. If we did the elimination of the hard copy equivalent would be the goal. 11) not very it doesn't - we don't have eBooks at present 12) When an electronic version of a treatise is available, we usually get rid of the print unless the title is a classic not available in print or harder to use in print. 13) Not comfortable at all with substitution and only reduce or eliminate print if forced by the publisher no longer offering a print version. 14) When circulation stats drop near zero and patrons agree on eBook/digital content

Government Law Library 1) We have not implemented an eBook policy but we are investigating it. 2) Users are NOT comfortable, and we do not cancel the print. 3) Currently not participating in eBooks for forms or treatises 4) We have not started introducing eBooks in our library. 5) This has not really been applicable to us, only a couple of titles available as eBooks. We would substitute the eBook version for the print, but probably the majority of attorneys (about 65) would prefer the print. 6) We do not buy eBooks. The eBook platforms that are currently available are either not compatible with public library lending or are too expensive. We do have electronic access to many titles via research databases, but these are not remotely accessible and they are often just part of our license agreements, not an individual title selection. We have cancelled some print titles with low circulation and rely only on the electronic version in a database. Our patrons rely on our library to provide materials that can be borrowed and used outside the library, so they much prefer the print version, although they will use the electronic database version if that is the only option. 7) Recently greatly reduced book collection to free up floor space. Decisions about discards were made by lawyer-managers who CLEARLY had not the slightest notion of what was duplicated on Lexis/Westlaw and what was irreplaceable! 8) Not yet comfortable 9) Patrons not yet comfortable. Have not bought any eBooks, but have had trial periods with low participation. 10) We do not have many eBooks yet. We have some eBooks online but our patrons are not very comfortable using them. 11) We do not have eBooks, nor do we plan to select them. 12) NA 13) Most pro se patrons are not comfortable with eBooks 14) We don't acquire eBooks. 15) Economically, EBooks don't work for us. It is still cheaper to use the online version in lexis or Westlaw

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection 16) The eBooks are not practical for the law library. The publishers have lending constraints depending on the type of patron. Also, most of our users would not use eBooks. If we did purchase any eBooks, we would still have to maintain the print titles. 17) We do not have legal e-books available yet 18) n/a. We have treatises via Westlaw which are only lightly used. The most popular are duplicated in print. 19) My judges still prefer the hardcopy book in their hands. Ditto for my attorneys and of course, the inexperienced pro ses.

Private Company Law Library 1) We have had bad luck rolling out eBooks. They were not embraced. The technology was too primitive and confusing. 2) They are not comfortable at all, but there is not much choice when upper management dictates the migration to eBooks etc. If the eBook allows for multiple licensing and internal sharing at a cost savings, we reduce the print version. Some sources will stay in print due to senior management preference. 3) EBooks failed in our organization.

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PRINT COLLECTION VOLUME

Table 1 What has been the library's total spending on print materials in each of the following years:

Table 1.1.1 What has been the library's total spending on print materials in 2014? (All figures in $ US)

Mean Median Minimum Maximum Entire sample 586117,41 459685,00 250,00 3040000,00

Table 1.1.2 What has been the library's total spending on print materials in 2014? Broken out by Type of law library (All figures in $ US)

Type of law Mean Median Minimum Maximum library Law School 654534,41 596310,00 64000,00 2500000,00 Library Law Firm Library 158750,00 147500,00 75000,00 265000,00 in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library 841883,33 690000,00 186000,00 2100000,00 in Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 469083,22 170000,00 250,00 3040000,00 Library

Table 1.1.3 What has been the library's total spending on print materials in 2014? Broken out by full time equivalent librarians (All figures in $ US) full time Mean Median Minimum Maximum equivalent librarians 2 or less 215803,45 160000,00 13998,30 609250,00 2+ -4 435295,00 243000,00 250,00 1301700,00 4+ -7 590882,50 558718,00 64000,00 1024704,00 More than 7 1190205,45 694000,00 558216,00 3040000,00

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Table 1.2.1 What has been the library's total spending on print materials in 2015? (All figures in $ US)

Mean Median Minimum Maximum Entire sample 501122,65 305000,00 260,00 2850000,00

Table 1.2.2 What has been the library's total spending on print materials in 2015? Broken out by Type of law library (All figures in $ US)

Type of law Mean Median Minimum Maximum library Law School 562316,06 452002,00 38000,00 2400000,00 Library Law Firm Library 154850,00 147200,00 45000,00 280000,00 in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library 720555,56 550000,00 108000,00 1500000,00 in Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 392449,75 140000,00 260,00 2850000,00 Library

Table 1.2.3 What has been the library's total spending on print materials in 2015? Broken out by full time equivalent librarians (All figures in $ US) full time Mean Median Minimum Maximum equivalent librarians 2 or less 207420,45 158000,00 6486,28 550000,00 2+ -4 318326,00 141500,00 260,00 1400000,00 4+ -7 423739,70 383000,00 38000,00 832515,00 More than 7 1111452,36 737000,00 452002,00 2850000,00

Table 1.3.1 What will be the library's total spending on print materials in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US)

Mean Median Minimum Maximum Entire sample 453669,16 300000,00 270,00 2500000,00

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

Table 1.3.2 What will be the library's total spending on print materials in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library

Type of law Mean Median Minimum Maximum library Law School 525990,71 415842,00 50000,00 2400000,00 Library Law Firm Library 140000,00 127500,00 25000,00 280000,00 in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library 602777,78 450000,00 80000,00 1330000,00 in Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 365884,67 180000,00 270,00 2500000,00 Library

Table 1.3.3 What will be the library's total spending on print materials in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians full time Mean Median Minimum Maximum equivalent librarians 2 or less 195214,29 160000,00 15000,00 525000,00 2+ -4 291527,00 150000,00 270,00 1330000,00 4+ -7 341000,00 277500,00 50000,00 900000,00 More than 7 1032440,18 746000,00 415842,00 2500000,00

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

In which areas has the library been most aggressive in eliminating print titles and why in these areas?

Law School Library 1) Treatises, digests, newsletters and law reviews. Available online through Lexis Advance, WestlawNext, BloombergLaw and HeinOnline. 2) Digests due to cost and lack of use by our patron base. 3) Journals--between HeinOnline, Westlaw Next, and LexisNexis...most are available online. 4) We eliminated many print titles in government documents and legal titles because they were available online and we needed to free up more space for other uses. 5) updated treatises, loose-leaf services, journals 6) Reporters, codes, digests, law reviews, loose-leaf treatises. These resources are duplicated in so many other places that it does not make sense to pay for them over and over again. 7) Reporters, Citators, Digests, Journals, Statutes, Loose leafs; easily accessible online. 8) State statutes, cases, tax treatises, international treatises, journals -- these haven’t been used and curriculum has cut the tax and international courses. The journals have all been cut as they are duplicated across databases. 9) Treatises that are also available on Westlaw/Lexis? Bloomberg Law/Intelliconnect 10) Law reviews and primary materials. Because virtually all patrons primarily access these titles electronically and they take up a lot of space. 11) Loose-leaf services and serials. the high cost of maintaining loose leafs combined with the preference for online access has made these primary targets for substituting online for print 12) We eliminated the National Reporter series from West, and legislation in print from provinces and states in Canada, the US and Australia, due to electronic alternatives. 13) Reporters, journals and monographs 14) treatises duplicated online 15) Codes and cases were among the first to go, largely because of their ready availability through other sources. As noted above, treatises were the next, since they are available to our profs still. 16) periodicals, loose leafs, pocket parts, supplements all available electronically 17) We've eliminated print primary materials because they are readily available through multiple vendors as well as .gov web sites. We have selectively cut back on print treatises if we believe these titles are used as reference materials, rather than for prolonged study. We rarely buy loose-leaf titles now because students will not use them. To quote Yogi Berra: "If they ain't gonna come, I can't stop them." 18) State statutes, digests, journals and reporters -- either lack of demand or availability and ease of use in legal databases. 19) We have cut back in our loose-leaf services because of available options on Westlaw and Lexis Nexis. 20) We have aggressively eliminated print legal material for all but a few contiguous states. Primary material is readily available from legal information vendors to which we already subscribe and interlibrary loan is available for secondary sources (treatises) if necessary.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection 21) Primary law - cases, statutes, regs. Because these materials are duplicated online in multiple places, both for a fee and for free. 22) Law School Law Reviews, Bar Journals, West Reporters, Loose-leaf titles available online for CCH, Lexis, Thomson Reuters, Wolters Kluwer etc. 23) Journal and serials mainly but also multivolume treatises - all due to coverage from multiple electronic content providers. 24) Because we opened our doors in 2009 we have been purchasing only essential titles in print. For the future, may eliminate digests and reports of any kind in print.

Law Firm Library in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers 1) Administrative law, IP, taxation, litigation - reductions has been due to either shrinking practice area within the firm or due to switching over to electronic access to treatises in those practice areas. 2) Canceling duplicate copies. Because often titles are online and we had 2-3 print copies. 3) Less frequently used titles in all practice areas. 4) Treatises. particularly those which are available online via Westlaw 5) Reporters and treatises available through our online contracts. Goal has been to eliminate duplication of resources in multiple formats. 6) primary law due to availability online; specific secondary resources due to online access and removal of duplicative content

Law Firm Library in Firm with more than 150 lawyers 1) In all areas we have aggressively reduced our print collection. 2) federal primary source, journals, titles accessible through our primary online provider 3) If we have a title through an online database we rarely own it in print. It covers all areas. 4) we are aggressive across the board 5) We were most aggressive in getting rid of our reporters, digests, legal encyclopedias, etc. 6) Primary Law. Primary law is available online from many sources. Current Awareness. Current awareness materials are available and expedient online. 7) Primary law, Digests, and Jurisprudence - because these materials are so readily available electronically, from multiple sources. 8) If it's available as an eBook or online, we eliminate print regardless of area. 9) Duplication between offices was the first thing to go, and after that it was based on usage and online availability. 10) Treatises and loose-leaf services across practice groups because digital versions of these works are readily available. 11) reporters - Lexis/Westlaw coverage 12) Not any specific area has been emphasized. 13) Immigration and IP. Both are practices with attorneys in multiple offices and both require a large collection of expensive print materials that we do not want to duplicate as these practices are added to additional offices 14) Only in areas where print is available online/digital/eBook (affects all practice areas and a few more than others)

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Government Law Library 1) Duplicates. Treatises available through other online subscriptions. 2) Primary sources and law reviews because digital versions are not likely to be lost (finally) 3) Federal law collections and larger multi-volume treatises 4) Environmental, bankruptcy areas. This is very specialized and we just don't get the questions on these topics. We have very basic books in these areas. 5) We are not aggressively eliminating print. It's more on a case by case basis, depends on which format is best. 6) Primary law for federal and other states. Duplicative of paid databases and free online access. 7) Non-librarian lawyer-managers discarded most of the titles, with no knowledge of what was available on the internet and what was irreplaceable! 8) none 9) Primary authority and related finding aids. Have a number of other sources to receive. 10) National titles. We kept our own state materials in print only. Those were the most heavily used. 11) regional reporters; they are available via Lexis or Westlaw 12) We have eliminated most U.S. legal print titles. We maintain our Georgia print collection because 90% of our users are self-represented litigants who are not computer literate. 13) Reporters, Citators 14) reporters -- available online, and books not read 15) Case reporters have been eliminated because attorneys are comfortable using them online. 16) We have limited our non-Ohio collection. Our patrons use the Ohio (local) titles the most. Therefore, we have concentrated on maintaining the local collection and have reduced the purchasing of non-local materials. 17) west and lexis titles that have the online equivalent 18) Primary resources. These are the most easily accessed online 19) Reporters (cuz they have just the unchanging text and you can get it on Google Scholar for free!), laws reviews (available on HeinOnline and Google Scholar) and loose leafs (a pain to maintain).

Private Company Law Library 1) All areas. Less shelf space available to the library. 2) Multiple copies of multiple volume loose-leaf treatises as there is no one to file them. 3) Case materials. Loose leaf treatises, encyclopedic sets and digests.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

What has happened to your library's print materials collection over the past five years? Is it larger than it was five years ago, in what areas has it grown? If it is smaller, in what areas has it diminished?

Law School Library 1) Smaller. See above. Also, monographs have shrunk 2) It is fairly stable as cuts in one area have simply allow spending in others (e.g. cutting multiple reporter copies, but spending the money on monographs or special collections). 3) Our print collection is 34% smaller than it was, due to a loss of library space. 4) Print materials have decreased over the past 5 years. It has diminished in the areas listed above and in serials that have been available online, especially loose-leaf services cancelled and law reviews. 5) Larger. it's grown in treatises 6) We have focused our purchasing on treatises that support faculty and student research, as well as a few niche areas that are our specialty. These areas are larger than they were five years ago. However, we have removed state codes and reporters from the shelves, so this has freed up considerable space. 7) Increase in print monographs. No growth in print Reporters, Citators, Digests, Journals, Statutes, Looseleafs. 8) We have shrunk our collections overall. Our space dropped by 1/3 last year, so we did an extensive weeding and culling project. 9) Much smaller. We canceled the print reporters (West's National Reporter System) and 45 of the 50 state annotated statutory codes. Saved a ton of money. We also canceled a bunch of loose-leaf services that were available electronically on Bloomberg Law or CCH Intelliconnect. I canceled print materials that were available in other formats (electronic). 10) As of right now, not much change. But we are doing a serious culling of books in storage leading to a major discard of older law reviews and primary sources. 11) we have shifted funds from serials to online 12) The collection has grown, especially in monographs which are never likely to be digitized - niche areas of law. 13) We opened 6 years ago as a primary digital collection and remain such. Our print collection has increased but not significantly. 14) Gone way down. see question 7 15) Print material that is current is significantly less than five years ago. It has not grown and would be even less except that our 1L legal writing program demands that we keep three large states codes, cases, and digests current in paper. 16) Growth in monographs (all subjects taught). withdrawal of duplicates (especially primary resources), annotated statutes, digests 17) It is smaller. We have cut back on print reporters (no one touched them) and annotated cotes. We cut back heavily on loose-leaf titles. 18) It is smaller. We discarded titles that were cancelled over the years, like state digests. 19) It is smaller due to loose-leaf cutbacks and the elimination of many of our microfilm collection.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection 20) Our print collection is smaller than it was five years ago. We have significantly reduced our holdings of legal materials from other states and discarded older federal primary material that was in poor condition. 21) Smaller. In the areas of legal periodicals, and print primary materials. 22) It has decreased with the addition to the building and a renovation of the law school and library, we have maybe half the shelving we had previously and when we moved back in, we were full so more weeding and deselection will need to take place to make room for new titles and sets that are still growing. 23) print collections are significantly smaller, journals, serials and loose-leaf items 24) Gradually growing the treatise collection. Have cancelled some digests already.

Law Firm Library in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers 1) Smaller through all practice areas. We have not reduced state materials as much, since our state does not have a strong online presence. 2) Smaller, in all areas. 3) Much smaller, between 50 - 60%. 4) It's half the size. Evenly downsized; we had a renovation where we lost half of our shelf space available. Corporate attorneys switching over to more online sources 5) Much smaller. Discarded all print reporters and any content that is available through our online providers. 6) reduced tax materials, encyclopedic resources and other sets; duplicates reduced

Law Firm Library in Firm with more than 150 lawyers 1) It is dramatically smaller in all areas. No area has grown. 2) Smaller and decreasing again. digests, outdated titles, journals, newspapers, newsletters, 3) Our print collection has gotten smaller across all areas. We don't have any case reporters at all. 4) Smaller - across the board. 5) It has decreased by about 50%. We now mostly hold some reference material and some practice specific treatises. 6) It has decrease by 50% 7) Much smaller. Eliminated cases, most statutes, digests, Jurisprudence. Grown in specialized industry recourses. 8) Drastically shrunk in most areas. 9) Smaller across the board. 10) Significantly smaller across the board. 11) smaller - reporters, statutes, regs 12) Smaller, all areas, especially multi-volume sets that are available in electronic format. 13) It is smaller mostly by the reductions in immigration and IP 14) Cancellations; but nothing discarded; labels indicate "outdated"

Government Law Library Growing larger in monographs but smaller overall. 1) We are in the process of seriously downsizing our collection of primary sources and law reviews 2) A general decline in non-Virginia print law books

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection 3) It is smaller, but not by much. We will be cutting more in the future as many titles appear on our WESTLAWNEXT subscription. 4) It has basically stayed the same. We added some older historical titles in print, trying to beef up the historical part of our collection. Otherwise it's about the same. 5) Our print materials collection is smaller. Fewer FCIL periodicals and primary law, if primary law is easily accessible online via free government sources. We have cancelled print publications for primary law for federal and other states. We have cancelled many federal/multistate practice guides and treatises. 6) Now something like a mere 50% of what it was a year ago, to make room for another lawyer's office. 7) we try to maintain a write for order system so titles are updated every 3,4,5+ years in all subject areas 8) Has grown slightly until recently. We are not removing volumes, just not adding more volumes to existing titles. 9) All other areas, 95% of the library's print materials, was eliminated. We are in the process of reengineering our library to move to electronic material and to move to a new area. 10) We aren't collecting as many print resources as we used to due to the increasing costs, but we don't deselect many print resources. 11) We do not maintain ongoing subscriptions to print supplementation. Instead, we re-purchase the title every few years, minus the ongoing subscription. 12) We have not ordered many new titles 13) Larger -- specialty treatises, emerging topics 14) Print collection is smaller, much smaller. Only purchasing print of non-legal materials. The online subscriptions for occasional use doesn't make economic sense 15) The print collection has shrunk due to budget constraints. The non-local titles were reduced or cut. 16) smaller, we have cut titles as the cost has risen 17) Our treatise collection is smaller, due to budget - not because the materials are online 18) Definitely smaller than it was 5 years ago. Lots of peripheral sources are now online (Why pay twice? And see above) and the print is getting phenomenally expensive. We will continue to always have the basics for our pro se clientele.

Private Company Law Library 1) Smaller by more than half. 2) It is smaller, in all areas of the collection including reporters, treatises, statutes, regulations, periodicals. 3) Federal case materials were thrown out in 2013. State case materials are not current.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

In your view what will happen to your library's print materials collection over the next five years? Will it become larger or smaller? If so, what areas will be most affected and why? Will spending remain the same? Increase or decrease?

Law School Library 1) Will continue to shrink. State materials other than our own State's will be the next area most affected. Spending will decrease - though probably not as much as in the last five years. 2) It will become smaller as little used print materials will be cancelled and replaced by online versions. Spending on print materials will decrease. 3) I predict it will become smaller or remain somewhat the same. We did a thorough weeding when we had to consolidate space, and our collection development policy now reflects new criteria. I can't predict spending--our budget is dictated by administration. 4) I think that it will remain basically the same as we have cancelled/eliminated most of the materials that we could have. Everything else we have decided that we really need. 5) In 5-10 years there should be no more print law reviews. spending will decrease a bit 6) The trend indicated in question 8 will continue. Law reviews and older loose-leaf format treatises that are no longer being updated will be removed. We will likely grow in our monograph collection. Print spending will likely remain about the same, or perhaps dip a little. 7) Continued growth in monographs. Hope spending will be stable or increase. 8) We will continue to cut our budget as well as our collection. Our students are much more comfortable finding information online, so our teaching practices are focused more on information literacy and research skills rather than Individual sources. 9) We will still get many treatises in print. We will still get monographs in print. I will not get primary authority in print. I may cancel many law journals and law reviews in print because they are available electronically. I think spending will stay the same; however, I won't get the same bang for the buck because publishers are jacking up the prices too fast. 10) It will become smaller. As it becomes the "norm" to have less primary materials in print, it will be easier and safer to discard them. 11) our overall budget will continue to show modest increases but we also will continue to shift from print to online 12) The likelihood is that the pre2000 journals will be sent to the Book Storage Facility. It will remain pretty steady state, apart from foreign legislation which will decrease. Spending will probably stay pretty steady. 13) It will remain the same. 14) It will continue to shrink. It will be much smaller because we are cancelling as many law reviews and looseleafs as we can. 15) If the dean ever stands up to the legal writing director, I think we will get rid of the expensive paper holdings in the three irrelevant states and be able to develop collections that we need for more than two weeks per year. 16) we have room to grow so don't anticipate future weeding, collection will grow very slowly (mostly monographs), spending will stay at reduced levels from two years ago

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection 17) Slightly smaller. We still have a few areas to review for loose-leaf & multi-volume sets. We will continue to purchase monographs. Our faculty hate e-books and we are not happy with the library platforms currently available. Spending is to decrease overall by 8% this year but we're not sure if this will come from print or come from other areas. I believe we need to start studying use-reports for digital. 18) It will become smaller -- we plan to discard state statutes and journals. Spending will probably remain the same because of the high inflation rate and purchasing new electronic resources. 19) It most likely will become smaller due to cancellations of loose-leaf/pocket part services. 20) Our print holdings will likely become larger over the next five years, but at a reduced rate. Spending will likely increase or remain the same. 21) Smaller. We will most likely focus most of our print resources on those that are specific to our state and on monographs only. 22) Spending on print will decrease. Our library will continue to shrink and parts of the library as it exists now after the renovation will be converted into student or law school space. 23) print collections will stabilize, don't expect significant additional shrinkage, but won't grow very fast anymore 24) Treatises in print will continue to grow. Primary will continue to decline in print. Since much of primary are continuations, we should see a decrease in this part of our budget, but subscriptions to electronic resources will eat up that difference

Law Firm Library in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers 1) I think the print materials collection will continue to shrink across all practice areas. We will likely retain print copies of federal and state laws and regulations, and attorneys' print office copies of court rules, etc. will probably not change in quantity. Spending will increase or at least be re- allocated toward electronic versions of the print treatises. This will be largely due to required physical space reduction in the library along with a need for better access to materials in our branch offices. 2) Smaller, but spending will increase as online services are more costly. 3) Will remain the same. Spending will remain the same or slightly decrease. 4) Smaller. Spending will decrease slightly on print resources 5) Smaller. Spending is likely to decrease as we continue to pare down the print collection and move to an exclusively online format. 6) smaller

Law Firm Library in Firm with more than 150 lawyers 1) It will continue to decrease due to space constrictions. Spending may go up due to need to purchase books for individuals vs. library copies that are shared. 2) It will be smaller. Spending will increase, online licensing will increase our costs (we are in the sweet spot for vendors - too big to not need the online tool and too small to have enough users of the product. 3) The print collection will continue to get smaller. It will happen faster if we need to reduce space. Spending will increase since online seems always to cost more. 4) It will continue to shrink. Spending will remain the same (because of vendor increases) or shrink (with aggressive weeding) 43 | P a g e

Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection 5) It will become smaller. Our space and budget keeps shrinking and thus we have to find ways to reduce. 6) We will continue to decrease our print collection, expanding our online and digital collections into our treatise collection. The spending for print will be reduced. 7) Will decrease significantly, spending will decrease for print materials. 8) Anticipate it will decrease slightly in most areas. Spending will increase because of cost increases not because of additional print titles. 9) Continue to decrease, alongside print spending. Office managers have been redesigning offices and reducing the footprint of the library, so the biggest impact will likely be removal of print materials cancelled in the last 5 years. 10) I anticipate only 20% of the existing print collection will remain. Spending will not drop appreciably as the spending will switch from one format to the other. 11) smaller treatises will start to be affected spending will decrease 12) It will get smaller. Spending on print will decrease. 13) The collection of updated titles will grow smaller as we move more attorneys and practices to online resources or are required to by publishers who no longer offer the service. The next frontiers for us are corporate and tax for reduction. Materials in these areas are becoming more expensive to maintain as the practices grow to additional locations and the electronic offerings have improved in quality and ease of use. We will lower spending for print but will up electronic spending as sets that are duplicated online and now deeply discounted are eliminated in print as older practitioners retire and the economic realities of filing, shipping, and other print related costs increase, 14) Will make every attempt to drastically reduce print in whichever areas patrons permit and content is available online/digital/eBook/ILL

Government Law Library 1) Stay the same or slightly smaller. So long as spending remains the same. We will look to obtain quality materials that are not readily available online to supplement the overall collection. 2) Smaller--see above 3) There will be inevitable declines in the print collection due to "unfair" exorbitant annual cost increases imposed on most public law libraries by the major law book publishers also a continual migration to online access through WestlawNEXT, Lexis, Bloomberg BNA, HeinOnline and other online services. 4) We will try to maintain the print material that is getting used, but duplicative things will be cut. We will cut one of the encyclopedia set, maybe ALRs as they do not get used heavily. Maybe in 5 years we will introduce eBooks. Spending will hopefully remain constant with no decrease. 5) The print collection will probably stay the same, some titles may be replaced with online, like the loose-leaf sets. When possible, spending may shift more to electronic resources as these can be shared online and make more sense for staffers who work from home. 6) We expect our print collection to continue to decrease over the next five years. Spending will most likely decrease. Areas most affected will be FCIL materials, law journals, and federal/multistate practice materials. We will continue to maintain our practice materials and treatises for California. 7) I speculate that the book collection will be neglected and the legal staff will rely entirely on the internet, esp. Lexis & WestLaw.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection 8) Probably become larger 9) Grow very, very slowly. Will not grow primary authority, except via donations. Spending will need to go down. 10) The remaining collection is what will be maintained. This material will not go away. It may, however, be culled to weed out those materials that are older. We have no growth room. 11) It will stay about the same. 12) We will try to maintain our print collection due to the demographic characteristics of our law library patrons. 13) We will continue to reduce 2nd copies 14) Spending will decrease slightly. Much is online, but certain things -- Code, encyclopedias, specialty works -- are considered better in print, either because they are, or because people prefer using the print. 15) Smaller. All depends on the state and publishers. The NY print is still considered the official version. If NY stops recognizing the print as official, we'll drop it. Can't drop print until that happens 16) The print collection will likely continue to decrease, since the price of the titles increases every year and the budget will remain the same. 17) gone, hopefully costs will go down- we have price gouging by the big two publishers 18) Spending will decrease as will the size of our treatise collection. Materials which are available elsewhere by ILL (usually electronic transmission) will be targeted 19) Definitely get smaller....spending will probably stay the same, you just get less for your money! Increases of 15-20 %! We have to constantly cut just to stay in the same budget.

Private Company Law Library 1) The size of the print collection will continue to decrease in all areas. The electronic collection will grow. 2) Spending will increase due to publishers greed, print collection will decrease, "areas" affected will revolve around licensing. 3) It will become smaller. Practice areas are being transitioned to electronic resources. Print materials that are available online are being cancelled. Costs will increase as electronic resources are more expensive annually and user lists must be maintained.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

PRINT BOOK CULLING STRATEGY

Table 2.1 Approximately what percentage of titles in your print book collection do you cull each year?

Mean Median Minimum Maximum Entire sample 10,71 10,00 0,00 65,00

Table 2.2 Approximately what percentage of titles in your print book collection do you cull each year? Broken out by Type of law library

Type of law library Mean Median Minimum Maximum Law School Library 6,82 4,00 0,00 22,00 Law Firm Library 10,30 10,00 5,00 15,00 in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library 21,30 20,00 3,00 65,00 in Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 6,14 5,00 0,00 17,00 Library Private Company 11,67 10,00 5,00 20,00 Law Library

Table 2.3 Approximately what percentage of titles in your print book collection do you cull each year? Broken out by full time equivalent librarians full time Mean Median Minimum Maximum equivalent librarians 2 or less 8,68 10,00 0,00 20,00 2+ -4 11,60 10,00 2,00 25,00 4+ -7 12,34 15,00 0,01 20,00 More than 7 12,30 3,50 0,00 65,00

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection If the library has changed its book acquisitions and/or book collection culling strategy over the past five years, or expects to change it soon, please describe these changes.

Law School Library 1) We acquire far less monographs outside our basic approval plan. Rely on specific requests for books from faculty and students now more than in the past. Will not purchase very expensive items. 2) I would like to cull more actively; we have older editions of items that are no longer useful. Our policy now supports more active weeding and replacement with e-versions. 3) The change that was implemented was that any expenditure had to be approved by the director of the library, a process where a real need had to be shown for the material. 4) N/A 5) For this 3 year project, we are looking to cut expenses o. Print down to $75,000 annually, focusing on maintaining only monographs, reference materials, and practitioner materials. 6) We have lots of space. 7) Due to space issues, we have been more willing to discard older volumes for which reliable electronic access is possible. 8) We now are able to cancel serial subscriptions to some US material because it is not well used - we are in the UK - and much has been sent to storage. This, plus older US journals, and UN treaties which are available online, have been relegated. 9) Since we have only been open for 6 years it has not changed and we do not expect that it will. 10) We've recently moved so we're still book culling had to reflect a much smaller footprint. 11) Already described above: we hope to be able to use our budget someday to better support the scholarship of our faculty instead of two weeks of 1L assignments. 12) We don't keep back-up copies any more. 13) We continue to follow the same collection development guidelines, which are format neutral. We also continue to track with traditional print use-statistics (circulation records, re-shelving statistics) per our policy. So while we have culled at varying rates over the years, this is all part of the same strategy using the same priorities. There is no plan that says "get rid of X number of books." 14) I've cancelled a lot of loose-leafs because no one used them and have weeded quite a bit. I plan to discard more print in the next year, remove quite a bit of shelving, and create more space for students to study -- different types of seating and group study rooms. 15) I do not know. 16) We have not changed our weeding policy. However, we are planning a move to a new building and have weeded more vigorously in the last two years in preparation for the move. 17) We have moved to an acquisitions model that is more just-in-time versus just-in-case. In other words it is driven more by patron requests than by librarian collection building. 18) We used to get rid of all law school law reviews except for the top 100, then it was the top 50 cited journals and then down to the top 25 cited journal titles. We are contemplating getting rid of the top 25 as they are most likely to be online. Print titles that were considered "sacred" in the past are now on the chopping block like state codes, reporters etc. We purchased Making of Modern Law and are contemplating matching the electronic and print bib records and eliminating the print

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection books. We will also be weeding the collection to remove duplicate copies, superseded series based on the bibliographers decision on whether the historical work is worth keeping in this library or not. 19) Cancelled all print publications available online with very few exceptions. 20) We have not been binding journal issues that are covered by electronic resource. Plan to discard those volumes in the near future

Law Firm Library in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers 1) We've reduced our print collection by about 10% this year and expect to continue in that way for the foreseeable future. We've reduced based on need and usage (books/treatises that have not been accessed in the past two years have been cancelled.) 2) Just this year we have increased our efforts to train attorneys to use duplicative titles online instead of relying on print. 3) Culling strategy was revised 2 years ago when the library was down-sized. 4) Aggressive cancellations in 2014 due to a renovation. Librarian sees new attorneys in particular not interested in using the books 5) We have culled nearly 50% of our print collection over the past five years, but don't expect to cull much more as our remaining print collection represents core materials essential to the firm.

Law Firm Library in Firm with more than 150 lawyers 1) Cancel hard copy publications that are available online and discard materials that are not currently used. 2) same - 3) If a books is available in one of our online products we rarely purchase it in print. 4) No changes in the past 5 years 5) We try and limit the amount of individual copies we order. If something is already available through one of our online subscriptions, we try not to have to buy the print for a group. 6) We continue to survey our attorneys to confirm the need for our print subscriptions and encouraging electronic and digital materials replacing print. 7) Physical library spaces are being reduced so the print collection must be reduced. We have definitely changed our strategy, looking to see if the materials is available electronically first. 8) Several years ago we decided to move to an all-electronic library. We are getting very near that. 9) Over the last 5 years the biggest impact has been on desk books, I think. Used to be that attys could have whatever they wanted. Now, depending on the practice group, attys might be limited in the number of books they can have the firm buy for them or might only be offered a certain rules book that we've deemed the most cost effective. Very few new purchases, mostly from a new office or client materials. 10) Rule: If it is available digitally, the license allows us to use it as needed and it is user-friendly for our lawyers, we buy it digitally and cull the print. 11) Nothing planned as of yet. 12) No Change. We make know to our patrons that a new acquisition request is available online (to purchase or part of our existing content)

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Government Law Library 1) Unknown as I have only been here 10 months, I do know government libraries were heavily affected by budget cuts during sequestration. 2) We're really only culling periodicals and not monographs. That has not changed. 3) It is a fluctuation policy dependent upon our "filing fees" income, cost increases for books and services and increasing health care costs for full time employees. 4) We have a slight shift to books used by pro se litigants and will be changing soon to eliminate sets that are available through our online subscriptions. 5) About 5 years ago, the floor space was reduced by half with approx. the same culling. In Nov. 2014, floor space and collection reduced by half again. 6) na 7) None, just not adding volumes. 8) We have changed to acquiring electronic databases instead of print material. Were once we looked exclusively at print, with an eye towards what the electronic was, now we look exclusively at the electronic. Does it offer remote access; how many licenses; what databases does it offer and how does it offer that access, etc.? To change to this new strategy required new staff - reference and management. 9) n/a 10) Over the past five years we made the decision to eliminate ongoing print supplementation, and to instead re-purchase titles every few years. 11) no changes 12) When we switched from Lexis to West, we re-ordered many Matthew Bender titles. 13) Space, budget, and staffing policy affect culling process 14) We plan to cut more as we become increasingly used more by pro se litigants 15) n/a 16) Nope, it's just a gradual, cruel, trimming of the sources.

Private Company Law Library 1) We cull when needed. 2) Our company just went through major renovations in all locations, where shelf space is now at a minimum. If the publication is electronic, and can be shared across international locations, or "enterprise wide" licensing is available etc., we will make the transition to electronic. If electronic does not "suit" the user after a period of time, we will go back to paper. We have not gone back to paper yet. 3) The library is in a holding pattern until management decides how the space will be reconfigured.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

SPACE ISSUES

Table 3.1 If the library has reduced the size of its print collections in recent years, has this led to an increase in space that the library can use for other purposes?

No Answer Yes No Entire sample 1,52% 33,33% 65,15%

Table 3.2 If the library has reduced the size of its print collections in recent years, has this led to an increase in space that the library can use for other purposes? Broken out by Type of law library

Type of law library No Answer Yes No Law School Library 0,00% 58,33% 41,67% Law Firm Library in 0,00% 50,00% 50,00% Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library in 0,00% 0,00% 100,00% Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 5,26% 26,32% 68,42% Library Private Company Law 0,00% 0,00% 100,00% Library

Table 3.3 If the library has reduced the size of its print collections in recent years, has this led to an increase in space that the library can use for other purposes? Broken out by full time equivalent librarians full time equivalent No Answer Yes No librarians 2 or less 0,00% 30,00% 70,00% 2+ -4 7,69% 30,77% 61,54% 4+ -7 0,00% 43,75% 56,25% More than 7 0,00% 29,41% 70,59% 50 | P a g e

Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection If space has been freed-up over the past five years how much space and how is this space now being deployed?

Law School Library 1) This is up to the law school. 2) The unused library space will be used for the Colleges centers and clinics, and study rooms for students. 3) Don't know the exact percentage but much of it was utilized for student study rooms and study carrels. 4) Group study areas, small gym for students. 5) All of our freed up space is being reclaimed by the school for use by other departments. 6) We are undergoing a massive shift. 7) Off-library storage space will be taken back by the University. 8) we've shifted some print to off-site locations in order to create more user study space within the library 9) The space will be used by the Faculty, but the overall footprint will be reduced by 12% for a refurbishment 10) don't know 11) There is much good study space which is used by our students. 12) Don't have specific figures. We have more small table space, wider aisles, more study rooms for group study, more space for open voice impromptu group conversation and training. 13) We now have more open space in the shelves, but until now, we have not opted to eliminate shelving. In the next couple of years we might shift our shelves around for more collaborative study space, which remains popular with our students. Our students prefer to study in the Library and we continue to have strong circulation statistics for print course review materials. 14) We are in the process of planning a redesign right now. 15) The space was used to build new study rooms for law students. 16) The library space has been reduced by 1065 sq. ft. over the last five years. That space has been used for new librarian and faculty offices. 17) This space is not used for group study rooms and more open study spaces. 18) Our library had four floors and the stacks were full. Now we have the basement compact shelving (although we lost 2600 linear feet of compact shelving for the recent remodel of the law school and library. Now we have the basement, a small range on 2nd and half of the third floor left for the print collection. We didn't know how much shelving we would have when we came back in and it is not enough so more weeding will be done. We lost about 40% of our shelving. 19) in the process of freeing up 1/3 of library space for use by law school for centers, student activities 20) Again because we were so new we did not have a lot of space to begin with

Law Firm with Less than 150 Lawyers

1) Our library has shrunk by half and the space has been converted into offices. The space remaining will probably be reduced again by 1/3 to 1/2 in the next year or two. 51 | P a g e

Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection 2) Space has been reduced and is now used by other firm resources 3) Freed up space was given to create attorney offices. 4) Nearly 50% of the library space was taken over by firm administration to create a large state-of-the- art conference room dedicated to videoconferencing. 5) empty

Law Firm Library in Firm with more than 150 lawyers 1) Now used for lounge area and offices. 2) Offices for non-library personnel. Collection is in hallways and other workroom spaces. 3) space has stayed the same 4) The space was freed up to add offices and conference rooms and in some instances the whole floor was let go due to real estate lease ending or sub-lease opportunity. 5) Space is being used for offices and the library space is smaller. 6) Space is not library space, becomes more office space, conference space, collaborative work space 7) 55% of space has been freed-up and is now in use by other departments. 8) Atty offices and meeting space. 9) Not sure 10) offices 11) No reductions in volume/space; only cancellations

Government Law Library 1) Depends, but overall more lounge areas and training rooms. 2) We hope it will allow a friendlier seating area for users and better workspace for staff 3) Our public law library has a fixed space arrangement in the Courthouse with adequate shelving for many future years of growth 4) Space is the same. 5) The library moved to a new larger space 7 years ago and the collection has basically stayed the same since then. 6) Cannot estimate dimensions but enough for one or two more small offices for new staff lawyers. 7) none 8) N/A - the space the library occupied will be used for new courtrooms over the next 5 years. 9) n/a 10) When we eliminated our Federal print collection we converted that room into a conference room. We rent out the conference room to law firms for depositions. We don't make a huge sum of money on our rentals, but it is some steady additional income. 11) Not currently deployed. There is rumor of a move to smaller space. 12) work carrels 13) We are squeezed in now 14) n/a

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Private Company Law Library 1) Less space. 2) All libraries were remove, paper collections are stored in the basement, or in very small shelf areas. The space is now new office space for the company. 3) The library square footage remains the same. Empty shelf space has increased by 40 percent

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

PRINT JOURNALS

Table 4 How many subscriptions to legal journals in print formats has the library maintained in each of the following years (include journals available in both print and online formats)

Table 4.1.1 How many subscriptions to legal journals in print formats has the library maintained in 2014? (All figures in $ US)

Mean Median Minimum Maximum Entire sample 295,39 45,00 0,00 3300,00

Table 4.1.2 How many subscriptions to legal journals in print formats has the library maintained in 2014? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library

Type of law library Mean Median Minimum Maximum Law School Library 969,88 675,00 19,00 3300,00 Law Firm Library 66,67 50,00 50,00 100,00 in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library 79,50 28,50 11,00 250,00 in Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 55,00 17,00 0,00 350,00 Library

Table 4.1.3 How many subscriptions to legal journals in print formats has the library maintained in 2014? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians full time Mean Median Minimum Maximum equivalent librarians 2 or less 26,86 13,00 0,00 100,00 2+ -4 161,33 30,00 0,00 1000,00 4+ -7 732,00 350,00 60,00 2000,00 More than 7 1223,00 350,00 19,00 3300,00

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Table 4.2.1 How many subscriptions to legal journals in print formats has the library maintained in 2015? (All figures in $ US)

Mean Median Minimum Maximum Entire sample 222,00 30,00 0,00 3200,00

Table 4.2.2 How many subscriptions to legal journals in print formats has the library maintained in 2015? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library

Type of law library Mean Median Minimum Maximum Law School Library 745,13 425,00 21,00 3200,00 Law Firm Library 51,67 40,00 35,00 80,00 in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library 74,00 28,00 10,00 230,00 in Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 29,38 12,00 0,00 120,00 Library

Table 4.2.3 How many subscriptions to legal journals in print formats has the library maintained in 2015? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians full time Mean Median Minimum Maximum equivalent librarians 2 or less 22,79 12,50 0,00 80,00 2+ -4 142,44 30,00 0,00 1000,00 4+ -7 388,00 350,00 60,00 800,00 More than 7 1113,67 120,00 21,00 3200,00

Table 4.3.1 How many subscriptions to legal journals in print formats will the library maintain in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US)

Mean Median Minimum Maximum Entire sample 146,74 21,00 0,00 3100,00

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Table 4.3.2 How many subscriptions to legal journals in print formats will the library maintain in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library

Type of law library Mean Median Minimum Maximum Law School Library 468,88 70,00 0,00 3100,00 Law Firm Library 45,00 35,00 30,00 70,00 in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library 70,00 25,00 10,00 220,00 in Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 23,94 10,00 0,00 120,00 Library

Table 4.3.3 How many subscriptions to legal journals in print formats will the library maintain in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians full time Mean Median Minimum Maximum equivalent librarians 2 or less 20,57 12,00 0,00 70,00 2+ -4 22,22 10,00 0,00 100,00 4+ -7 164,00 100,00 40,00 360,00 More than 7 1080,33 120,00 21,00 3100,00

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

What is the future of print journal subscriptions at your library in the near future?

Law School Library 1) Don't know for sure what to do with currently routed journals. Law reviews that are available and current on HeinOnline and un-routed journals that are current online are being cancelled. 2) More and more weeding. Those titles not available online and those few that faculty want in print will remain. 3) We continue to keep current print law journal subscriptions but most journals are discarded for previous volumes. We no longer bind previous issues and only keep a few in print on hand. 4) Hopefully they'll disappear in 5 years (10 for sure). The schools should no longer publish them in print. 5) We are only retaining law review subscriptions for the top 25 law schools. Other journals are retained only if they do not appear in HeinOnline, Lexis, or Westlaw. 6) No future. All electronic. 7) We no longer maintain print journals 8) Bleak. They are relatively inexpensive to purchase but they cost a lot of staff time. I also anticipate losing staff in the immediate future. 9) Only the very top ranked law school's journals and specialty journals not available on Hein. 10) Not good. we will continue to cut print journals 11) 1. We have to buy some subs to paper now because the legal deposit versions are going electronic and so we will not receive the paper versions anymore. 2. We will continue to purchase them because we are a library of record and if we do not have them then all the libraries in firms, etc., that are divesting themselves of print will not have anywhere to go when they need articles or cases. 12) about the same 13) Not good. We will continue to eliminate as many as we can until our budget gets a lot better. We don't see that happening soon. 14) We rely heavily on our HeinOnline subscription for journal titles; print is only for title not available there. 15) Will only have those not available in stable databases or free on the web 16) We do not have legal journals as a separate count in our statistics. In 2014 we did a major review of journal titles and cancelled all print journals based on availability in PDF format. Again, the students never touched the print, and faculty prefer a PDF in their inbox. 17) We cancelled many (probably over 150) print journals in 2012 and 2013, and now we may cancel a few each year. 18) We utilize Hein Online for many of our journal subscriptions and oftentimes cancel our print subscriptions. 19) We will likely continue to subscribe to a core collection of print legal journals. However, we may not bind them or retain the older issues indefinitely. 20) We have already reduced our journal subscriptions to less than 50 titles, I do not see that changing. 21) Keeping titles that are not available online and canceling and deleting the other titles to save space, money and to free up space for law school and money for electronic resources. 57 | P a g e

Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection 22) elimination of all print except those only available in print 23) We are keeping top law school law reviews as a model for our law review. We also subscribe to a few that have a moratorium on current year online

Law Firm Library in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers 1) Print subscriptions are being cancelled as we switch to online versions. I predict even more aggressive cancellations in the next year or two. 2) We will always have some print, but again we have cut some of the duplicative titles that are available through online resources. 3) Will be reduced as more and more become available online. 4) Less/fewer 5) Some print journals will remain because vendors do not allow internal routing or distribution of online versions without paying per user subscription fees. This practice impedes the conversion to online formats. 6) they will continue to be reduced

Law Firm Library in Firm with more than 150 lawyers 1) If the journal is available online and can be routed via email, it will be cancelled. If it is available online, but not via email, we will subscribe, route and then discard. We only keep back issues for those that are not online and that are essential. 2) I don't keep track of the number. 3) several titles are going online but we still route a lot of titles 4) We are canceling as many as possible (based on usage) and moving what remains online. 5) Decreasing. We don't have as much print routing anymore. This is one area where we have significantly migrated users over to electronic equivalents. 6) We are converting many titles to online subscriptions 7) Work to eliminate them further over time. 8) If available electronically, expect print to be cancelled. 9) Retention of old materials, shift of print materials to online in most cases. 10) Dim. Get it digitally. 11) increasingly reliance on digital 12) If it is available electronically, we will try to use that format. 13) I hope to eliminate them as much as possible keeping attorney preferences in mind. 14) Will continue to switch to online/digital

Government Law Library 1) Unknown. However, except for daily newspapers and ABA publications the library has virtually eliminated collecting print journals. 2) They will likely all disappear 3) We hope to maintain our current levels as this is not a major part of our law print collection expenditures 4) If it is available on Hein Online, we may cancel our print subscription. If the prices increase dramatically, we will also consider cancelling.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection 5) It will probably stay about the same. We may replace a few titles with the online version, but it just depends on what users want. 6) We will most likely cancel print journals for FCIL and other states. 7) Cannot predict but would anticipate a severe reduction. 8) will keep our small collection going 9) Again, cutting purchase of new issues/volumes except for a few local titles or those sent complimentary. Will not dispose of print titles, just will not add to them. 10) We may cancel the remaining print subscriptions to the 2 legal journals we have, even though they are to journals for our state, as we can access those journals online just as easily. 11) We no longer subscribe to any print journals. 12) We will keep print as long as we can because our users do not have computer skills. Online resources are only usable to them if library staff finds and either prints or emails to them the relevant information that they need. 13) I do not anticipate reinstating any journals. 14) Historical only 15) The library has canceled many of the print journal subscriptions due to budget constraints. We will continue to receive the few local journals that we currently maintain. 16) cut 17) will remain same 18) Less and less.....

Private Company Law Library 1) There is no future for print subscriptions 2) Most will be transitioned to electronic format as it becomes available.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection LEGAL ENCYCLOPEDIAS

Table 5 How many volumes of legal encyclopedias in print format has the library maintained in each of the following years? Note that the question is about volumes and not subscriptions.

Table 5.1.1 How many volumes of legal encyclopedias in print format has the library maintained in 2014? (All figures in $ US)

Mean Median Minimum Maximum Entire sample 248,63 4,00 0,00 2000,00

Table 5.1.2 How many volumes of legal encyclopedias in print format has the library maintained in 2014? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library

Type of law library Mean Median Minimum Maximum Law School Library 322,11 200,00 1,00 1000,00 Law Firm Library 0,25 0,00 0,00 1,00 in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library 125,13 0,00 0,00 500,00 in Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 369,80 100,00 0,00 2000,00 Library Private Company 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 Law Library

Table 5.1.3 How many volumes of legal encyclopedias in print format has the library maintained in 2014? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians full time Mean Median Minimum Maximum equivalent librarians 2 or less 215,44 2,00 0,00 1800,00 2+ -4 273,40 16,00 0,00 2000,00 4+ -7 271,43 200,00 0,00 1000,00 More than 7 273,40 200,00 0,00 867,00

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Table 5.2.1 How many volumes of legal encyclopedias in print format has the library maintained in 2015? (All figures in $ US)

Mean Median Minimum Maximum Entire sample 261,84 3,50 0,00 2225,00

Table 5.2.2 How many volumes of legal encyclopedias in print format has the library maintained in 2015? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library

Type of law library Mean Median Minimum Maximum Law School Library 249,89 200,00 1,00 867,00 Law Firm Library 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library 93,75 0,00 0,00 500,00 in Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 463,40 100,00 0,00 2225,00 Library Private Company 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 Law Library

Table 5.2.3 How many volumes of legal encyclopedias in print format has the library maintained in 2015? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians full time Mean Median Minimum Maximum equivalent librarians 2 or less 287,50 1,50 0,00 2225,00 2+ -4 273,40 16,00 0,00 2000,00 4+ -7 178,57 100,00 0,00 500,00 More than 7 273,20 200,00 0,00 867,00

Table 5.3.1 How many volumes of legal encyclopedias in print format will the library maintain in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US)

Mean Median Minimum Maximum Entire sample 182,37 3,50 0,00 2000,00

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Table 5.3.2 How many volumes of legal encyclopedias in print format will the library maintain in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library

Type of law library Mean Median Minimum Maximum Law School Library 219,33 200,00 1,00 867,00 Law Firm Library 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library 87,50 0,00 0,00 500,00 in Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 283,73 100,00 0,00 2000,00 Library Private Company 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 Law Library

Table 5.3.3 How many volumes of legal encyclopedias in print format will the library maintain in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians full time Mean Median Minimum Maximum equivalent librarians 2 or less 115,94 1,50 0,00 680,00 2+ -4 270,90 16,00 0,00 2000,00 4+ -7 142,86 100,00 0,00 500,00 More than 7 273,20 200,00 0,00 867,00

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

LOOSE-LEAF SERVICES

Table 6 How many subscriptions to loose-leaf services in print formats has the library maintained in each of the following years?

Table 6.1.1 How many subscriptions to loose-leaf services in print formats has the library maintained in 2014? (All figures in $ US)

Mean Median Minimum Maximum Entire sample 105,94 42,50 0,00 780,00

Table 6.1.2 How many subscriptions to loose-leaf services in print formats has the library maintained in 2014? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library

Type of law library Mean Median Minimum Maximum Law School Library 190,75 223,00 0,00 400,00 Law Firm Library 77,50 50,00 10,00 200,00 in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library 160,33 37,50 12,00 780,00 in Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 42,29 17,50 1,00 200,00 Library

Table 6.1.3 How many subscriptions to loose-leaf services in print formats has the library maintained in 2014? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians full time Mean Median Minimum Maximum equivalent librarians 2 or less 96,87 20,00 1,00 780,00 2+ -4 91,57 20,00 5,00 400,00 4+ -7 145,00 75,00 50,00 300,00 More than 7 114,20 50,00 0,00 300,00

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Table 6.2.1 How many subscriptions to loose-leaf services in print formats has the library maintained in 2015? (All figures in $ US)

Mean Median Minimum Maximum Entire sample 89,13 30,00 0,00 778,00

Table 6.2.2 How many subscriptions to loose-leaf services in print formats has the library maintained in 2015? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library

Type of law library Mean Median Minimum Maximum Law School Library 153,38 148,50 0,00 300,00 Law Firm Library 68,50 35,00 10,00 194,00 in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library 154,33 27,50 8,00 778,00 in Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 30,36 11,00 0,00 200,00 Library

Table 6.2.3 How many subscriptions to loose-leaf services in print formats has the library maintained in 2015? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians full time Mean Median Minimum Maximum equivalent librarians 2 or less 93,40 20,00 0,00 778,00 2+ -4 53,43 10,00 3,00 300,00 4+ -7 107,00 75,00 30,00 300,00 More than 7 108,40 50,00 0,00 270,00

Table 6.3.1 How many subscriptions to loose-leaf services in print formats will the library maintain in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US)

Mean Median Minimum Maximum Entire sample 78,72 22,50 0,00 770,00

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Table 6.3.2 How many subscriptions to loose-leaf services in print formats will the library maintain in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library

Type of law library Mean Median Minimum Maximum Law School Library 118,38 65,00 0,00 300,00 Law Firm Library 61,25 27,50 10,00 180,00 in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library 151,33 25,00 5,00 770,00 in Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 29,93 10,50 0,00 200,00 Library

Table 6.3.3 How many subscriptions to loose-leaf services in print formats will the library maintain in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians full time Mean Median Minimum Maximum equivalent librarians 2 or less 90,40 20,00 0,00 770,00 2+ -4 24,43 10,00 3,00 100,00 4+ -7 87,00 30,00 0,00 300,00 More than 7 111,40 50,00 0,00 290,00

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

OPINIONS AND ACTIONS OF LIBRARY PATRONS

Table 7.1 Has the library surveyed its patrons on their preferences for print vs. digital resources as a prelude to decision making on reducing the size of book collections?

No Answer Yes No Entire sample 4,55% 54,55% 40,91%

Table 7.2 Has the library surveyed its patrons on their preferences for print vs. digital resources as a prelude to decision making on reducing the size of book collections? Broken out by Type of law library

Type of law library No Answer Yes No Law School Library 8,33% 70,83% 20,83% Law Firm Library in 0,00% 66,67% 33,33% Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library in 7,14% 42,86% 50,00% Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 0,00% 42,11% 57,89% Library Private Company Law 0,00% 33,33% 66,67% Library

Table 7.3 Has the library surveyed its patrons on their preferences for print vs. digital resources as a prelude to decision making on reducing the size of book collections? Broken out by full time equivalent librarians full time equivalent No Answer Yes No librarians 2 or less 0,00% 55,00% 45,00% 2+ -4 0,00% 53,85% 46,15% 4+ -7 6,25% 56,25% 37,50% More than 7 11,76% 52,94% 35,29% 66 | P a g e

Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

Table 8.1 Has your library measured use of print versions and digital versions when it maintains access to both forms of a particular resource?

No Answer Yes No Entire sample 4,55% 34,85% 60,61%

Table 8.2 Has your library measured use of print versions and digital versions when it maintains access to both forms of a particular resource? Broken out by Type of law library

Type of law library No Answer Yes No Law School Library 4,17% 45,83% 50,00% Law Firm Library in 0,00% 50,00% 50,00% Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library in 14,29% 21,43% 64,29% Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 0,00% 26,32% 73,68% Library Private Company Law 0,00% 33,33% 66,67% Library

Table 8.3 Has your library measured use of print versions and digital versions when it maintains access to both forms of a particular resource? Broken out by full time equivalent librarians full time equivalent No Answer Yes No librarians 2 or less 5,00% 30,00% 65,00% 2+ -4 0,00% 38,46% 61,54% 4+ -7 6,25% 37,50% 56,25% More than 7 5,88% 35,29% 58,82%

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection If you have studied the use of print and digital forms of the same legal resource, what have you learned and how have your studies informed your collection decision making?

Law School Library 1) Some sources are much more usable online, and some in print. We support the overriding opinion. 2) Especially for resources from our state, we maintain subscriptions to print. Other states, except for NY, we have cancelled. We have adjusted to having online resources for them. All collection decision-making derives from that. 3) Readers still like print books for treatises. Digital for journals is fine. 4) Our users are much more likely to use online resources, and since most of our collection is 5) Available from current subscriptions, we have are canceling and weeding the print. 6) If a particular professor uses a title heavily, we will defer to their preference in format. A few older professors don't like electronic. Most others are fine with it. 7) We have found that our patrons are evenly split on their preferences but that the majority prefer to read cases in paper still, having located them online. We use this feedback to ensure we maintain as much in paper as is manageable, and which reflects reading list content and topics as well. 8) n/a 9) electronic is by far the more popular choice 10) We don't have multiple formats any more except for heavily used and local materials. 11) Our students are not in the habit of using print EXCEPT for textbooks and course review materials. This is a very important print collection and we continue to support it. They find digital format easier to manipulate when they need to retrieve an answer to a particular question. So we are no longer keeping loose-leaf titles & multi-volume print sets if the titles are available in digital from a major vendor or platform. They also prefer a "single source" big box approach. We teach a very popular Advanced Legal Research class which is attended by 40% of the graduating class, and we cover cost-effective, time-effective research in the real world. They are exposed to print at that time and many realize it will be useful from the practice perspective. But digital is a good format for supporting seminar and upper-level writing research, since they use law reviews quite heavily. 12) Hardly anyone uses our print collection. We did subscribe to way too many print sources in 2012. I've cancelled over $650,000 over the past three years and could cancel more very easily. 13) We have not studied the issue. 14) Some print sources are used more heavily by the general public than by our faculty and students. We try to balance those needs when we make decisions. 15) Many online sources do not provide us with user statistics. 16) Students are oblivious about print sources. Most of our information came from conversations with students during class instruction and reference assistance

Law Firm Library in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers 1) We have learned that the older attorneys prefer the print, while the mid-level and younger attorneys seem to be comfortable with either format for the most part, with the youngest associates preferring online. Attorneys in our branch offices are more willing to use online materials than the attorneys located in our main office where the physical library is housed. 2) There is a digital divide and it is not always generational.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection 3) Two factors will continue to impact moving from print to digital; younger age of attorneys and access/cost of digital use

Law Firm Library in Firm with more than 150 lawyers 1) People are becoming more comfortable with digital but eBooks don't work for us. Some people still prefer print of certain titles including my librarians 2) That just because you make a resource available digitally, that doesn't mean people will use it. Many users need to be jollied along. 3) We had a large amount of unused print materials 4) People grow accustomed to the digital forms and over time, most prefer. Training is often a barrier. 5) Very seldom have we had negative feedback from our lawyers when we have canceled print in favor of digital formats. We are encouraged to move forward. 6) digital is easier to sell because it mimics the print

Government Law Library 1) We are working on collecting this data now. 2) Keeping in print what is used verses having online access to those treaties and law cases made more economical to access through online database acquisitions through public PCs with the various online database vendors. 3) N/A 4) Virtually nobody came into the library for research; they all relied completely on Lexis & WestLaw! 5) na 6) No studies were done prior to this decision, however, a survey of our primary stack-holders (the bench) was made to ascertain which resources should be maintained prior to culling all the print material. 7) n/a 8) no comment 9) Print is used first. People forget that the digital is there. They find what they need in the print, then use the digital to update/print, etc. 10) People are always happy to learn that we still have the print version of a particular source 11) We had a few eBooks, but the constraints the publisher placed on the titles drastically limited the use. The eBooks were one time downloads that had to be put on a computer in the library. No one used them. Since the patrons were already in the library, they preferred to use the print titles. The limitations also meant that the eBooks could not be lent out. 12) The judges prefer print, basically, so we're stuck, but gradually as publishing changes, the judges will have to accept digital, kicking and screaming. Plus as the judges retire and younger ones take their places, one can only hope....

Private Company Law Library 1) Some prefer print and some prefer digital. But the available square feet for libraries diminishes and so too must the collection. 2) Most users enjoy the "access from anywhere" of the digital or electronic resources, however, most users admit they prefer the print for some areas e.g. tax codes etc.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Primary vs. Secondary Materials

Table 9 How is the library's print materials budget approximately divided between primary (cases, laws, regulations, statutes), secondary (journals, treatises, books, reference worksheet), and on-legal materials? The answers should add up to 100%.

Table 9.1.1 Primary Works

Mean Median Minimum Maximum Entire sample 35,53 30,00 5,00 90,00

Table 9.1.2 Primary Works Broken out by Type of law library

Type of law library Mean Median Minimum Maximum Law School Library 54,00 50,00 15,00 90,00 Law Firm Library 28,00 25,00 20,00 40,00 in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library 27,50 25,00 5,00 50,00 in Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 32,86 27,50 15,00 60,00 Library Private Company 25,00 25,00 20,00 30,00 Law Library

Table 9.1.3 Primary Works Broken out by full time equivalent librarians full time Mean Median Minimum Maximum equivalent librarians 2 or less 31,76 25,00 15,00 60,00 2+ -4 42,27 40,00 15,00 90,00 4+ -7 31,11 25,00 5,00 75,00 More than 7 39,25 27,50 20,00 79,00

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Table 9.2.1 Secondary Works

Mean Median Minimum Maximum Entire sample 56,54 60,00 9,00 90,00

Table 9.2.2 Secondary Works Broken out by Type of law library

Type of law library Mean Median Minimum Maximum Law School Library 42,50 40,00 9,00 80,00 Law Firm Library 65,80 70,00 55,00 75,00 in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library 63,33 65,00 40,00 90,00 in Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 57,36 55,00 20,00 85,00 Library Private Company 61,67 60,00 50,00 75,00 Law Library

Table 9.2.3 Secondary Works Broken out by full time equivalent librarians full time Mean Median Minimum Maximum equivalent librarians 2 or less 59,59 60,00 20,00 80,00 2+ -4 50,09 45,00 9,00 85,00 4+ -7 61,67 60,00 25,00 90,00 More than 7 53,19 55,00 19,50 72,00

Non-Legal Subject Materials

Table 9.3.1 non-Legal Subjects

Mean Median Minimum Maximum Entire sample 7,92 5,00 0,00 40,00

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Table 9.3.2 non-Legal Subjects Broken out by Type of law library

Type of law library Mean Median Minimum Maximum Law School Library 3,50 3,00 0,00 10,00 Law Firm Library 6,20 5,00 1,00 10,00 in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library 9,17 7,50 0,00 20,00 in Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 9,79 5,00 0,00 40,00 Library Private Company 13,33 10,00 5,00 25,00 Law Library

Table 9.3.3 non-Legal Subjects Broken out by full time equivalent librarians full time Mean Median Minimum Maximum equivalent librarians 2 or less 8,65 5,00 0,00 40,00 2+ -4 7,64 5,00 0,00 35,00 4+ -7 7,22 5,00 0,00 20,00 More than 7 7,56 4,00 0,00 25,00

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

What kind of print presence do you maintain in primary legal materials and why does your library maintain this presence and what is its future?

Law School Library 1) We've culled this down to the bare minimum. Only one print copy of the most essential (federal and California) materials. 2) Print presence maintained = our state (NJ) and NY state statutes (annotated). Everything else is online. 3) Only reporter subscriptions we have are U.S., S.Ct., F.3d and F.Supp. 2d, plus those from Virginia. Only annotated code we have in print is Virginia. 4) Our percentage of primary legal materials is likely to continue to shrink and we will shift our focus to secondary materials. 5) Home state print materials will continue for Code Annotated and home state digest. Those are still common in law offices. Rely on electronic access for those outside our home state. 6) We will maintain about 1/3 to 1/2 of our current primarily materials for teaching purposes, most of which will be canceled and we will rely on historic volumes for teaching. 7) Local and federal only. 8) We now maintain California, federal and a handful of other states' primary materials. Likely to remain policy for a while. 9) best for domestic statutes (versus reports) and for foreign primary sources due to ease of use and availability 10) Law reports from about 70 jurisdictions, but have reduced legislation for states and provinces, just keep federal/central govt's legislation in paper. We will continue to keep paper because it is a stable and reliable technology, readers still prefer it for some materials, and we are a library of record so must maintain the collections accessible to all. Paper is not behind a paywall, electronic often is. 11) State the law school is in reporters, statutes Federal CFR USCA 12) We keep our state and our adjoining state. We also have some consortia obligations we must meet for things in print. We'll continue to shrink this but we will maintain a good state collection. 13) As discussed above, we have three large states of primary materials of which we would dearly love to rid ourselves. In addition to that, we do keep our own state materials in print. 14) We restrict to our state materials. It is useful to the practicing bar at least for the near future. There are still teaching opportunities that work better in print format. 15) As I explained earlier, the print presence for primary has decreased significantly over the last five years. We continue to purchase West print reporters but no longer keep back-runs. We stopped purchasing print digests, out of state annotated codes, and duplicate sets. We discontinued non- West reporters such as Public Utilities Reporter, and reporters that accompany digests, such as Federal Rules of Evidence Services. 16) I like to keep statutes and regulations in print (federal and our state) because they are difficult to use online. We will keep those. We also get print reporters, but I'll probably cancel some of those in the next two years -- West's specialty reporters and the Federal Supplement, maybe the Federal Reporter -- because they are easy to find and use online and the inflation rate is obscene.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection 17) We maintain case reporters for federal cases, various state cases, and our state. We canceled all regional reporters except our specific region. 18) We purchase all federal case reporters, statutes & codes (official & unofficial), Federal Register, CFR, and South Carolina official case reporters, official codes, and SC State Register in print. We also purchase the regional reporters and the annotated codes of several contiguous states. We have an obligation to serve the public as well as the bench and bar in SC. Print material is often the easiest for patrons outside of academia to understand and use. 19) We maintain print primary materials for our jurisdiction. We plan to continue this in the future. We maintain this print collection because we see that it is still used. 20) We maintain a presence of Federal statutes and case law. State statute and case law for our state of residence and surrounding states as well as 4 other select states. 21) Current codes for 9th circuit. Latest series of most of national reporters. California reporters. Federal code and Supreme Court reporters. Lawyering skills faculty still teach some print. May not maintain reporters much longer

Law Firm Library in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers 1) The primary legal materials we retain in print are mostly state materials. The states we practice in for the majority of our work do not have strong electronic access to their primary materials. 2) State specific statutes, laws & regs, but we no longer collect cases. 3) Federal annotated statutes. Will probably discontinue print as older attorneys retire and younger attorneys are well used to using online resources. 4) State primary laws and cases primarily. Tradition as a reason; ease of access, many lawyers still like to see the books around 5) USCA, CFR, State statutes and regulations - while all of this material is available online, most attorneys prefer to review this material in print and we will continue to provide this content in both print and online formats going forward.

Law Firm Library in Firm with more than 150 lawyers 1) Very little primary law in kept in hard copy. Only one set of the state annotated codes. This will probably be cancelled in the future. 2) statutes, regulations, and state court decisions 3) We keep our statutes annotated for our state. That may continue for historical research. 4) We hold our state laws and code, NOT cases reporters. It may take a while, but eventually these will go away too. 5) We have been significantly reducing the primary legal materials as they are easily accessible online. All case law has been canceled. We still do maintain local statutes and regs in several of the offices. 6) Very little primary law materials are in print in our library. We will continue to reduce this print collection. 7) State Statutes - old habits. Will continue to push for online access. 8) Our state statutes & regulations because the print is the official version; will continue to retain in print for same reason. 9) We have current state law reports for most states, but not all that we have offices in due to usage in print. I don't see that lasting forever--they take up a lot of space, require maintenance (filers) and lots of money! 74 | P a g e

Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection 10) We have print versions of primary law as back-up should we lose access to the digital versions and to make our older lawyers feel at home but primary law in print is going away quickly. 11) only some statutes decrease in the future 12) We maintain some print statutes as well as the CFR in print. 13) Statutes and some case law 14) Large print presence because lawyers rely on official content as proof of accuracy and acceptance by the courts and admin. agencies

Government Law Library 1) We retain state codes and West regional reporters. I anticipate that we will eliminate these at some point (as yet undetermined) 2) We will always have print available and will migrate to online vendors what is either less used by library users or provide instruction and hands on assistance to help with online access for all library users. 3) Statutes, regulations and official reporters, because most patrons still like to see the print versions. 4) A lot of our print resources are also available online, but we keep the print for those times when you need to "hunt", i.e. you're not sure what you need. We will keep the print for the next few years, and have no need to give them up (space constraints). If the library had to move and lost space, then we would give up some of the print materials. 5) We maintain annotated codes and case reporters for federal and all 50 states. We have cancelled state administrative law materials and duplicate copies and formats. We continue to maintain these materials because as a public library we still have many patrons who prefer print or are not computer literate. Also, many of our patrons are students who are required to use print primary materials for their assignments. We will most likely continue to decrease this collection, eliminating duplicative materials such as regional reporters, decennial digest, and eventually case reporters for other states. 6) We had L.Ed. - that was culled in 2014. Some F2d-F3d also culled. Present cases holdings limited to decisions issued within the last 3 years. 7) We keep many print materials including fed and state case reporters (our state's) 8) Local codes/statutes and Federal Codes/statutes. Continue to receive case law from local jurisdiction and U.S. Supreme Court. All others cut this fiscal year. 9) We maintain our state's case law, regulations and statutes (both current and historical). These items will be maintained. 10) We maintain all of our state-specific primary materials. We maintain the U.S. Code and USCCAN in print. 11) We keep statutes, regulations, cases and court rules for Georgia only. We could eliminate the Georgia cases in print, but prefer to keep the others in print as well as online. 12) We will continue with statutes and rules, but will reduce the number of reporters 13) Ohio does not have an official/authoritative online version of the codes. Legislation may change that in the future. Also, no online code history is complete; the Pages' versions are. 14) NYS recognizes print as official. If there is a discrepancy between print and online, print prevails. Appeals relies on the official pagination which tends to lag on certain online sites. Attorneys still prefer print statues

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection 15) We maintain the state code and a few state reporters. We will continue to receive both in the future. We will maintain the state code for county access to historic code sections. Patrons and county officials would rather have a print copy then the online copy of the historic code sections. (The online historic codes are also not available for code sections prior to the 2000s.)The reporters are not very expensive and some of our patrons still prefer the printed version of the cases. If it did become a cost issue, we would cut the printed reporters since we will always maintain the access online. 16) Many of the attorneys over 50 do not use Westlaw/lexis 17) reporters: purchase this state's official state reporters only laws, regs, etc.: this state's materials only 18) We are the only public law library for an entire county of one-million-people plus. Legal titles are getting so extraordinarily expensive that the regular public libraries which used to host at least the basics, cannot afford to keep them. For example, we are the only public-access library in the county that has the print version of the Maryland regulations (COMAR).

Private Company Law Library 1) Growing less every year. 2) We maintain, and will always maintain a collection of office consolidations of statutes/regs in securities, tax, pensions, corporations 3) We maintain state primary law and limited federal. Secondary works are primarily state specific.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection For non-legal materials such as newspapers, magazines, newsletters, technical studies and reports and other works that might provide valuable background and context for lawyers but are not specifically legal materials, what is the library's print presence in these areas and how will it develop in the near future?

Law School Library 1) Many of these are not available or not current online, but we only subscribe to print if asked by faculty. 2) We have kept subscriptions to very few print resources of this nature. We only would acquire new resources if there is a compelling need expressed by faculty or administrators. 3) We have 36 popular print magazine subscriptions, plus subscriptions to a half-dozen newspapers. 4) Difficult to say. It depends on faculty scholarship needs and curricular support demands. 5) Rely on electronic 6) We currently don't collect in this area in print. 7) We have canceled a lot of this. Very bare bones. The future is not good for these. 8) Low and not likely to increase. 9) minimal for ephemeral materials such as those listed above, but very strong for non-law monographs 10) This is left to other libraries in the system, not the law library 11) Very little print 12) We're cutting back now and expect to continue to do so. 13) We subscribe to two newspapers---the local paper and the New York Times. We'll probably keep these. 14) We support the curriculum with both print and electronic. We also have a recreational reading collection since we have an independent campus. Other resources (technical studies and reports) will probably all be electronic soon. 15) We selectively decreased some local newspapers two years ago because of low use. Otherwise this collection remains unchanged. 16) We don't get much of that -- some magazines and newspapers for the reading room. I hate newsletters and have cancelled most of those already. 17) I do not know. 18) We subscribe to several daily print newspapers, but do not retain them permanently in our collection. We rely on the larger undergraduate library to purchase non-legal material. We purchase materials that our faculty request. 19) Very little to no print is maintained in this area of collection/ 20) This is changing as more of these resources are accessible online. Generally our faculty and student needs drive this - There are titles we cannot afford to provide for each faculty member or students like Chronicle of Higher Education, NYT, Wall Street Journal, National Law Journal etc. Our reference librarians have access to things electronically so that they can watch for interesting articles for faculty, staff and students. 21) We have hardly anything in print in this area. A few popular magazines.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Law Firm Library in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers 1) We have a few print subscriptions to newspapers, but for each one we also have electronic access. We do not anticipate adding more print subscriptions but we may be adding electronic titles. 2) This is mostly purchased on an as-needed basis. 3) We do maintain technical and legislative materials in print and will continue to do so. 4) Mainly local newspapers. Slightly downgraded subscriptions but not much 5) Core newspapers such as WSJ and NYT, and major local newspapers and business magazines are available in print and will continue to have a presence at the firm. No plans to add more content in this area. 6) Will remain small

Law Firm Library in Firm with more than 150 lawyers 1) Same collection development as for law materials. If it is online, we do not subscribe to the hard copy. 2) limited and remain limited, it is case specific 3) We keep some materials on various industries but we have never had much of this 4) We will continue to transition to electronic resources for these materials 5) We will likely always maintain a small collection in this area. Much of it industry related. 6) We are going more & more towards electronic only and anticipate continuing this trend. 7) We do still get many legal newspapers in print, but the trend is toward e-delivery of that information and I would expect that to grow 8) We have very little at this point. No future. 9) very little now full digital in the future 10) We purchase these for the firm 11) Large print presence because we still distribute current development/analysis publications. Will wean lawyers from print to online in near future.

Government Law Library 1) We maintain state history and state government publications collections. The former may stay as- is, but the latter is becoming mostly online. 2) We maintain a few newspapers and magazines for non-legal reading. Absent a significant court filing fees increase in revenue we will maintain this at current levels. 3) All print, no electronic versions, we probably will maintain print as long as we can. 4) Our non-legal materials are minimal. We are moving more to online for these materials. 5) Very small, despite my begging. 6) 5 7) Local newspapers including legal and Wall Street Journal. 8) We do maintain a very small amount in this area do to a particular service that we provide the bench and will continue to do so. 9) our local newspaper and business journal 10) We subscribe to the Fulton County Daily Report, the National Law Journal and the Wall Street Journal. 11) very little 12) expect it to increase 78 | P a g e

Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection 13) Mixed. Digital and print aren't always exactly the same. Legal notices, calendars, and ads vary. If an item needs to be submitted in court as evidence jydg prefers print 14) These materials are not utilized as much at our library. If there was an issue with cost, we would cut them. 15) very little 16) 0 17) Very little, the regular public library is a short stroll down the street and if news or business sources are needed the public can go there.

Private Company Law Library 1) Diminishing. 2) We only keep print materials that are not available online.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

DIRECTORIES

Table 10 How much has the library spent on print forms of legal and other directories in the following years?

Table 10.1.1 How much has the library spent on print forms of legal and other directories in 2014? (All figures in $ US)

Mean Median Minimum Maximum Entire sample 1765,56 500,00 0,00 11100,00

Table 10.1.2 How much has the library spent on print forms of legal and other directories in 2014? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library

Type of law library Mean Median Minimum Maximum Law School 500,00 200,00 0,00 2000,00 Library Law Firm Library 1725,00 950,00 0,00 5000,00 in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library 4640,00 2500,00 320,00 11100,00 in Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 1796,15 1000,00 0,00 5000,00 Library

Table 10.1.3 How much has the library spent on print forms of legal and other directories in 2014? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians full time Mean Median Minimum Maximum equivalent librarians 2 or less 2387,50 1000,00 0,00 11100,00 2+ -4 924,44 300,00 0,00 5000,00 4+ -7 925,00 600,00 0,00 2500,00 More than 7 3500,00 3500,00 2000,00 5000,00

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Table 10.2.1 How much has the library spent on print forms of legal and other directories in 2015? (All figures in $ US)

Mean Median Minimum Maximum Entire sample 1428,41 350,00 0,00 5000,00

Table 10.2.2 How much has the library spent on print forms of legal and other directories in 2015? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library

Type of law library Mean Median Minimum Maximum Law School Library 492,86 100,00 0,00 2000,00 Law Firm Library 1625,00 750,00 0,00 5000,00 in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library 1862,33 300,00 287,00 5000,00 in Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 1771,54 500,00 0,00 5000,00 Library

Table 10.2.3 How much has the library spent on print forms of legal and other directories in 2015? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians full time Mean Median Minimum Maximum equivalent librarians 2 or less 1819,17 750,00 0,00 5000,00 2+ -4 926,33 287,00 0,00 5000,00 4+ -7 350,00 200,00 0,00 1000,00 More than 7 3500,00 3500,00 2000,00 5000,00

Table 10.3.1 How much will the library spend on print forms of legal and other directories in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US)

Mean Median Minimum Maximum Entire sample 1403,70 300,00 0,00 5500,00

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Table 10.3.2 How much will the library spend on print forms of legal and other directories in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library

Type of law library Mean Median Minimum Maximum Law School Library 457,14 0,00 0,00 1800,00 Law Firm Library 1550,00 600,00 0,00 5000,00 in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library 1966,67 300,00 100,00 5500,00 in Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 1738,46 500,00 0,00 5000,00 Library

Table 10.3.3 How much will the library spend on print forms of legal and other directories in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians full time Mean Median Minimum Maximum equivalent librarians 2 or less 1816,67 625,00 0,00 5500,00 2+ -4 888,89 100,00 0,00 5000,00 4+ -7 325,00 150,00 0,00 1000,00 More than 7 3400,00 3400,00 1800,00 5000,00

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

What are the library's future plans for its print directory subscriptions?

Law School Library 1) Most are cancelled; directories can be much more up to date online. 2) Keeping only NJ and NY directories. 3) very few acquired 4) These will all but be eliminated. We have very few directories in print. 5) none 6) We most likely won't start collecting them. 7) Not good. 8) Mostly cancel 9) we prefer online access for directories 10) To receive them in print whilst they are available via legal deposit. 11) Not have 12) eliminate 13) We rely more on electronic sources for these. 14) We will buy one every 5 years or so for snapshots of information over time. 15) We have not purchased print directories for several years. They quickly become out-of-date, and this information is generally available on the Internet. 16) We don't need them. That kind of info is easy to find online. 17) I do not know. 18) We will likely continue to purchase the directories we currently get. 19) Kept primarily to our local and state level 20) Fewer and fewer as more directories are produced online and not in print. 21) We have very few in print. Only if not easily access online

Law Firm Library in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers 1) We will not be able to completely eliminate print directories but we will continue to reduce as much as we can. 2) Will retain some print directories. 3) shrinking slowly 4) No plans

Law Firm Library in Firm with more than 150 lawyers 1) None. Very few kept. 2) stop 3) we only have on directory 4) Reduce and eliminate 5) Eliminate to the degree possible 6) Will not maintain in print if available electronically 7) Steady decrease. 8) Cancel 9) N/A

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection 10) eliminate entirely

Government Law Library 1) We no longer keep Martindale Hubble 2) Due to large annual cost increases for legal directories, we will selectively purchase those most asked for and defer to other sources both online and neighboring law school libraries which have far larger budgets to maintain far more directories than we do. Our strategy has been to provide where possible online access to the more costly directories. 3) Will continue to get in print as long as possible unless it becomes cost-prohibitive. 4) No change. We get one or two copies in print, also online version. 5) Cut Martindale years ago. Will keep other attorney directories. Court directories and similar products replaced every 2 - 3 years. 6) We will not be purchasing any print directories online. 7) none 8) We prefer to use free online directories through the State Bar of Georgia. 9) no change 10) end 11) Cancel 12) NA 13) local directories only 14) Mostly, we get the state and county bar directories and other legal directories; the judges prefer the print versions for quick reference.

Private Company Law Library 1) cancel 2) Maintain a small reference collection of print directories, as opposed to each lawyer having his/her own copy.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES

Table 11 How much has the library spent on print subscriptions to newspapers and magazines that are not research or professional journals in each of the following years?

Table 11.1.1 How much has the library spent on print subscriptions to newspapers and magazines that are not research or professional journals in 2014? (All figures in $ US)

Mean Median Minimum Maximum Entire sample 2484,74 442,34 0,00 22000,00

Table 11.1.2 How much has the library spent on print subscriptions to newspapers and magazines that are not research or professional journals in 2014? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library

Type of law library Mean Median Minimum Maximum Law School 733,33 250,00 0,00 5000,00 Library Law Firm Library 7125,00 3000,00 500,00 22000,00 in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library 7300,00 7300,00 7300,00 7300,00 in Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 1977,16 442,34 0,00 10000,00 Library

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

Table 11.1.3 How much has the library spent on print subscriptions to newspapers and magazines that are not research or professional journals in 2014? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians full time Mean Median Minimum Maximum equivalent librarians 2 or less 3354,41 442,34 0,00 22000,00 2+ -4 1955,56 500,00 0,00 7300,00 4+ -7 212,50 275,00 0,00 300,00 More than 7 3333,33 5000,00 0,00 5000,00

Table 11.2.1 How much has the library spent on print subscriptions to newspapers and magazines that are not research or professional journals in 2015? (All figures in $ US)

Mean Median Minimum Maximum Entire sample 2397,46 442,34 0,00 18000,00

Table 11.2.2 How much has the library spent on print subscriptions to newspapers and magazines that are not research or professional journals in 2015? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library

Type of law library Mean Median Minimum Maximum Law School 748,22 300,00 0,00 5000,00 Library Law Firm Library 6125,00 3000,00 500,00 18000,00 in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library 5500,00 5500,00 5500,00 5500,00 in Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 2186,16 442,34 0,00 12000,00 Library

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Table 11.2.3 How much has the library spent on print subscriptions to newspapers and magazines that are not research or professional journals in 2015? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians full time Mean Median Minimum Maximum equivalent librarians 2 or less 3210,95 442,34 0,00 18000,00 2+ -4 1861,11 550,00 0,00 5500,00 4+ -7 175,00 200,00 0,00 300,00 More than 7 3444,67 5000,00 334,00 5000,00

Table 11.3.1 How much will the library spend on print subscriptions to newspapers and magazines that are not research or professional journals in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US)

Mean Median Minimum Maximum Entire sample 2402,98 400,00 0,00 18000,00

Table 11.3.2 How much will the library spend on print subscriptions to newspapers and magazines that are not research or professional journals in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by Type of law library

Type of law library Mean Median Minimum Maximum Law School 742,67 300,00 0,00 5000,00 Library Law Firm Library 6050,00 2900,00 400,00 18000,00 in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library 4000,00 4000,00 4000,00 4000,00 in Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 2320,16 442,34 0,00 13000,00 Library

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Table 11.3.3 How much will the library spend on print subscriptions to newspapers and magazines that are not research or professional journals in 2016 (anticipated)? (All figures in $ US) Broken out by full time equivalent librarians full time Mean Median Minimum Maximum equivalent librarians 2 or less 3265,56 400,00 0,00 18000,00 2+ -4 1811,11 600,00 0,00 5000,00 4+ -7 150,00 150,00 0,00 300,00 More than 7 3444,67 5000,00 334,00 5000,00

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

What has been and what will be the library's strategy in terms of allocating its spending between print and digital resources for newspapers and magazines that are not specifically about legal subjects but provide valuable context?

Law School Library 1) Print = major newspapers. 2) I don't think this way. We get what we need, in the format people want. 3) Digital 4) They are kept as they are marketed for admissions. 5) No change - outside of major databases such as EBSCO or Proquest, our spending in this area is just for lobby magazines. 6) We typically purchase them if they are relevant to research interest of our users and not readily available on campus or via ILL 7) We leave that to other libraries within the university system 8) Continue to access electronically 9) We are collecting almost completely digital resources. 10) We will still provide print if it is available for patrons who prefer recreational reading in that format. 11) We have never kept a historic research collection of these materials. Instead, they are currency tools and we continue to purchase currency tools. 12) We'll continue to get the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Barron's, Variety, and local newspapers. 13) I do not know. 14) We subscribe to digital versions of major newspapers when we can afford it. We subscribe to very few non-legal magazines, either in print or online. We rely on the main undergraduate library for access. 15) Some resources are available through the campus library group we have access to. We partner closely with the main campus library and the medical library. 16) Because we are on a campus with a wide selection of non-legal materials, unless there is special scholarly research in the area that campus does not have access, we will subscribe then. Emphasis will be electronic over print

Law Firm Library in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers 1) Local newspapers will still be purchased in print with a digital component. Other valuable papers will be accessed digitally. 2) Will continue to allocate more for digital subscriptions. 3) To continue to slowly shrink the physical collection while increasing access overall to more and more legal databases 4) Primarily print so content can be routed throughout the firm. Online subscriptions are available through library only. Vendor pricing makes firm-wide online subscriptions unaffordable.

Law Firm Library in Firm with more than 150 lawyers 1) There is no strategy. 2) some resources for reception areas

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection 3) We have an enterprise license for the business newspaper. We still have a print local paper and USA today for lunchrooms. 4) Decrease print budget, increase electronic resources 5) Continue to aim for all digital 6) Will spend what is needed for current awareness, esp. for local/regional news. 7) Shared print copies between offices and online access when possible. 8) Case by case basis 9) Don't know; but, very little. All of our publications are specific

Government Law Library 1) We likely will reduce the number 2) Where possible, digital access for local newspapers through LexisNexis, HeinOnline and others. 3) Whether our budget will allow these items in print, and if it is really being used or not. 4) These are mostly newspapers for various chambers and will depend on what the judges want. If we need to access an older paper for research needs, we use the online version. 5) Cannot predict but suspect it will be very small. 6) n/a 7) We do maintain some presence in this area and will continue to do so. 8) We will continue to collect print newspapers. 9) We only subscribe to one non-legal newspaper. We have access to 11 Georgia news sources through Lexis. 10) no change 11) We are a public office that deals with everything Ohioans can get into -- from before birth to after death. We MUST have current info on all topics, legal or not, because they may turn legal. 12) Print is preferred by our marketing department 13) We will only purchase print materials as these types of publications are rarely used. 14) We will continue to purchase more electronic resources 15) Legal subjects only. Any others obtained from other libraries 16) Let the public libraries be the repository of these items.

Private Company Law Library 1) reduce 2) Spending is governed by need, then by electronic/digital as the preferred format.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

BOOKS

Table 12.1 In the past year, how much has the library spent on print versions of books that are not legal materials? (All figures in $ US)

Mean Median Minimum Maximum Entire sample 2174,81 200,00 0,00 20000,00

Table 12.2 In the past year, how much has the library spent on print versions of books that are not legal materials? Broken out by Type of law library (All figures in $ US)

Type of law library Mean Median Minimum Maximum Law School 2328,57 200,00 0,00 10000,00 Library Law Firm Library 1312,50 1000,00 250,00 3000,00 in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers Law Firm Library 120,00 120,00 120,00 120,00 in Firm with more than 150 lawyers Government Law 2646,43 150,00 0,00 20000,00 Library Private Company 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 Law Library

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

Table 12.3 In the past year, how much has the library spent on print versions of books that are not legal materials? Broken out by full time equivalent librarians (All figures in $ US) full time Mean Median Minimum Maximum equivalent librarians 2 or less 1210,71 225,00 0,00 8000,00 2+ -4 4495,71 250,00 0,00 20000,00 4+ -7 66,67 0,00 0,00 200,00 More than 7 3366,67 5000,00 0,00 5100,00

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

What has been the general trend in the purchase of books that are not legal materials, specifically has their purchase been impacted by eBooks? Has the library shifted from print books to eBook and if so to what extent and through what venues?

Law School Library 1) We've purchased several e-book collections that are not legal materials, and this has made that portion of the collection stronger. 2) Have a few platforms for e-books and we purchase those that might be of interest to our students and faculty. 3) We get West eBook Study aids for students, and have somewhat fewer print study aid materials. 4) Our non-legal books are either monographs that support one of our niche collection areas (law, religion and ethics), are for faculty research, or are for leisure reading (bestsellers). These we will likely retain in print. There has been very little interest in eBooks. 5) eBooks 6) We don't currently collect in this area 7) We have access to non-legal eBooks with our main campus library. 8) flat 9) Not applicable to the law library 10) Tend to purchase in electronic. 11) slashed but we're starting to get more in eBook form 12) we don't buy eBooks 13) Not impacted by eBooks, generally not buying them unless part of a database. 14) Our collection development policy does not cover non-legal materials. We have some law-related fiction books that are donated, but we do not purchase. 15) We don't get eBooks. 16) I do not know. 17) We try not to purchase non-legal materials, unless requested to do so by a faculty member. If the faculty member has a preference for format, we get them what they prefer. 18) So far we have not been impacted much by eBooks. We have not shifted to E-books yet. 19) We offer our faculty the campus eBook which thru patron initiated acquisitions is happening much more frequently. Faculty often ask to get print book.

Law Firm Library in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers 1) Books that are not legal in nature have mostly been purchased as used items through Amazon or Alibris, or other online used book sellers. The limitations placed by eBooks makes them less appealing to our attorneys. (Each eBook has to be licensed/installed on a single user's computer or tablet.) 2) Purchase non-legal print books only when specifically requested by an attorney. 3) no 4) Most non-legal books are reference resources for use in library. No plans to shift these types of resources to eBooks.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Law Firm Library in Firm with more than 150 lawyers 1) EBooks are not used at the firm. 2) We have not shifted to eBooks. We use online books through our state bar and Thomson Reuters a lot 3) We have reduced print spending. We have purchased very few eBooks. We have invested in online materials. 4) Definite shift from print to eBooks whenever possible. 5) Few of the non-legal books we want are available as eBooks so we've had to get print. 6) Non-legal materials would generally be those needed on a specific subject and that's generally paid for by the client (although the cost is not always recovered). We purchase eBooks only by specific request as we are not set up to handle them in the library 7) Not impacted by eBooks. Not moving towards eBooks at all. 8) Not particularly 9) Digital; but not e-Books. We purchase non-legal material; but, as they relate to our practice areas.

Government Law Library 1) Our Library has a small state history collection. Because most publishers in this field are very small, we do not anticipate an increase in eBook titles 2) The eBook options presented to us by many have not been useful for our "general public" access. 3) We are not looking to add any titles for non-legal materials either print or digital. 4) We don't buy a lot of non-legal books, mainly reference books. We are not really interested in eBooks for non-legal materials. 5) No new book titles being purchased. System OUGHT to shift to more eBooks and databases but so far has not done so. 6) we don't have the infrastructure yet for e-books 7) No impact from eBooks. Available funds continue to diminish. 8) No eBooks have been purchased in their place. These items are viewed as not having a purpose and therefore should not be maintained. 9) We don't collect non-legal books of any sort, and have no plans to begin collecting eBooks. 10) We do not use eBooks yet. We are waiting to see what technology platform will become standard before we obtain eBooks. 11) 0 12) we do not buy eBooks 13) No, attorneys still like to display board books in court 14) No non-legal eBooks purchased 15) Not yet 16) No eBooks have been purchased. 17) No eBooks have been purchased.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Private Company Law Library 1) eBooks not embraced 2) I have not seen a good eBook license yet, I would prefer to subscribe to books as part of an online service.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection

Culling the Print Collection

Mention some incidents, if any, in which the library was forced to back track and restore access to print copies of materials that had been culled in printed form.

Law School Library 1) Several of the LNMB loose-leafs were reinstated in print, due to difficulty of usage online reported by patrons and reference librarians. 2) One state practice treatise, we had cancelled our 2d copy, only to reinstate it when we realized just how used it was. 3) none 4) None. 5) never 6) None 7) A couple of legal periodicals that are not available anywhere else. I also had second thoughts about cancelling CJS; however, it was so expensive. 8) With tax materials, the professors asked that we restore print format to some materials and we did. 9) We have not been in this situation except for a couple of titles that went to electronic legal deposit, and so the paper issues stopped coming; it took us a while to realize we would have a print gap if we did not act quickly. 10) None 11) none 12) we were forced to buy three large states of codes, digests and cases for two weeks of assignments in the 1L program 13) Hasn't happened in last 5 years 14) Over 15 years ago we cut the General Practice Digest. It was my decision, but other librarians were concerned and said the general public uses them. So we restored it. But no one used them. I t was an expensive mistake to backtrack. 15) Someone cancelled BNAs Tax Management Portfolios before I started working here and I reinstated that. 16) I do not know. 17) I cannot think of any such incidents. 18) We cancelled a collection of print regulations for a federal agency. A faculty member wanted them reinstated so we reinstated it. 19) There are only 3 incidents. One happened when we canceled a loose-leaf monograph on Immigration Law which resulted in a huge outcry from a couple of our patrons who are practicing locally. We reinstated it but now the title has been canceled again. The other two incidents happened when we were moving out and withdrawing books two titles were inadvertently mistaken as being canceled and those have been replaced at no charge from a very understanding publisher. 20) na

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Law Firm Library in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers 1) When we cancelled our contract with one of the big online legal research providers, we had to purchase extra copies of a set of books they publish exclusively, in order to maintain our access to the material. 2) Red Book for users that prefer the print. 3) Mass. state regulations. Even though they are online in more than one location, some attorneys still want the print version around 4) State and federal rule books, state statutes. 5) when access to digital was eliminated due to contract renegotiation

Law Firm Library in Firm with more than 150 lawyers 1) Some ABA books that were culled needed to be purchased again. 2) Code of Federal Regulation, but we might be ready to try again 3) We haven't had to 4) Loss of a service provider by going to one primary legal research service. This forced us to purchase print where we were using online. 5) Court Rules 6) If a partner or practice group screams loud enough, management (COO) backs off & has library restore print. 7) Not to my knowledge since 2008. Then, we had purged a set of 2003 bankruptcy reporters purely by accident, and an attorney threw a fit and we had to pay several thousands of dollars for a new set. Even though bankruptcy laws changed significantly in 2005! 8) We have not. 9) N/A 10) Hasn't happed to date

Government Law Library 1) Has never happened 2) Fortunately, we have never had to restore access to a discontinued print publication due to strategically subscribing online to most current editions of those discontinued volumes, strategic donations by law firms and other government law libraries AND thus saving them for full access through the various online vendors. 3) None. 4) n/a 5) This has mostly happened with non-legal scientific publications - the Dept. eliminated its technical library about 15 years ago, and the very extensive technical staff and outside callers are much frustrated by that ill-advised decision. 6) n/a 7) We have not restored access to print materials yet. Databases, yes, but not print materials. 8) this has not happened to us 9) We have some attorney patrons who had a fit when we culled Georgia Shepard’s Citations in print.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection 10) Pennsylvania cases 11) When we switched from Lexis to Westlaw. 12) Statutes. Attorneys prefer print 13) NA 14) n/a 15) One the family magistrates (actually a younger person) demanded a print copy of the MD code. Another judge demanded a print copy of a well-used treatise even thought it was available online.

Private Company Law Library 1) none 2) Office consolidations of statutes/regs.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection Are particular disciplines or legal subjects in your view particularly resistant to the culling of, or reduced purchasing of print materials? If so which ones?

Law School Library 1) Major legal encyclopedias, codes (state and federal) and historic cases and statutory compilations. 2) treatises in general 3) none 4) No 5) Taxation. 6) No. 7) not applicable 8) No 9) tax 10) the 1L: legal writing program has been obstructionist in their demands 11) No. It is more about specific professor's preferences. 12) Monographs. I realize this is not a discipline or subject. But as I noted earlier, monographs are studied in a different manner than the larger treatises. It is important to have a format that is a comfortable read that lends itself to learning-in-space with sticky notes and fixed images. There is a physicality to learning. As librarians we need to watch the emerging literature from the medical fields on how fixed images are stored into memory, for deeper & more effective recall. 13) Specific titles that anti-technology professors want in print. Mainly tax and securities related titles. 14) Tax law materials. Our tax law professor prefers print options and does not like the idea of us cutting back on those items 15) We are very reluctant to reduce our collection of South Carolina print material. 16) In general I feel that print monographs are still most easily used in print. 17) We don't cull in the area of Native Americans since our state is part of Indian Country; print materials about property law which doesn't change that much; North Dakota legal resources to a point - we keep a certain number of copies on hand for historical purposes like the North Dakota Brief Reports which are unique to our library. .

Law Firm Library in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers 1) Litigation. The attorneys don't want to take the time to learn how to use the same materials electronically. 2) No, I find that it is individuals and not disciplines or age that determine a preference for print. 3) Mass. state law; primary law

Law Firm Library in Firm with more than 150 lawyers 1) Historical tax materials, since very little is available online. Current tax materials. 2) litigation 3) no one particular area, a couple partners still like print materials 4) Securities, Taxation law, Trust & Estates practice groups. 5) IP, tax, securities 6) We have some real estate maps that I don't think we'll ever cull due to their rarity. 7) Trusts and estates practitioners. 99 | P a g e

Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection 8) Statutes and rules as well as materials not available on our preferred general legal research provider. 9) Tax and legislative histories

Government Law Library 1) Anything that's un-scanned 2) All Virginia source law materials because of the localized nature of 95% of law practice here in Fairfax County, Virginia 3) Yes, domestic relations, landlord tenant, practice manuals, form books. 4) No. 5) California civil procedure, federal civil procedure. 6) My opinion was to keep all materials, old & new, related to the agency's issues - but many of these were culled without consulting me. 7) Statutory research. 8) N/A. 9) Our State Code is essential to have in print, for historical research. 10) Our patrons would resist the culling of criminal law, criminal procedure, civil procedure, estate administration and family law sources. 11) divorce 12) specialty treatises 13) Age and status of attorney makes a big difference to the use of resources 14) Older attorneys do not like using eBooks. I think they are not as comfortable using eBooks as they are with print books. However, I think they tend to do better research than newer attorneys who do not really know where to look for information. For example, older attorneys generally begin by researching broadly and narrowing in on their topic, which leads them to find resources/ information that the newer attorneys do not because they take more of a narrow approach. If the younger attorneys do not find the information online, they tend to not know where to look in the print materials. I will often point them towards general topic resources that they would not have consulted. 15) need a print tax collection 16) Nope, my judges are equal opportunity book lovers.

Private Company Law Library 1) Tax Department. 2) Tax, securities,

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection How is print collection culling at your library organized? Which librarians are involved in the decision-making? Who makes the final decisions in particular areas? Who reviews decisions? Who overturns decisions?

Law School Library 1) The reference librarians reviewed their subject areas and marked items for discard. Sometimes it was another reference librarian that overturned decisions. But we have a Collection Development Committee that monitors this. 2) The director and deputy director make the decisions with some input from the librarians. 3) Librarians are involved. Director makes final decision. 4) budget driven; all librarians; 5) We went floor by floor and discussed groups of titles (state statutes, journals) to cull large collections efficiently. For the General collection, I went row by row identifying large sets of books that could be weeded, then discussed their fate. This year, each of us will go title by title for a 1/3 of the general collection and weed titles. The other 2 librarians will then discuss the titles and a majority vote will decide the title's fate. 6) Mostly the director. Some faculty. 7) Our collection development and electronic services librarians discuss and I review. 8) generally this falls under our head of collections and access services who would consult with me and regarding changes 9) The only culling we do is duplicate copies of monographs. Duplicate law reports etc. are kept but usually boxed up, for storage reasons. 10) group decision by professional librarians 11) reference librarians do all of it 12) Director makes final decisions but is at mercy of dean and faculty, which often does not allow for good decisions. 13) Mostly by the Asst. Dir for collection resources with advice from reference librarians, faculty and the Library Director. There is also a Faculty Library committee that is consulted on major changes. 14) All librarians are welcome to participate. We reach a consensus and decisions are treated with respect. As I noted earlier, I reversed a decision to purchase the General Digests many years ago because there was enough opinion behind that decision. 15) I've been making all of the decisions. 16) The Director in consultation with the four other librarians. All final decisions are made by the Director. 17) All of the librarians are involved in the weeding process. The Associate Director for Administration has been tasked with coordinating the project. Suggestions for discard are made by the librarians (who review call number ranges) and compiled by the Assoc. Director. A list of titles suggested for discard is distributed to the faculty for their review. After a certain period of time, if there has been no objection, the listed items are removed. The Technical Services librarians and staff do the actual withdrawal from the catalog and physically discard the withdrawn items. If a faculty member requests that an item or items be kept, they will be kept. If an item marked for withdrawal is checked out before it is withdrawn, it will be kept. 18) All of the librarians (there are only 5 of us) take part in this decision making process.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection 19) In the past it has been done rather hurriedly in the wake of needing to reduce the collection size. We got rid of what the director called "low hanging fruit" like reporters and journals. The director makes the final decision with advice from the four professional librarians. 20) Collection development group makes decisions about acquisitions and cancellations/withdrawals with associate and directors final say.

Law Firm Library in Firm with Less than 150 lawyers 1) I'm the only librarian here. Much of the culling is educated guesswork along with consultation with attorneys most likely to use the materials. I do go over decisions with our executive director and director of finance, who may overturn or reverse decisions based on attorneys' whims. 2) Manager of Library Services makes the final decisions. Input from practice area attorneys is sought before any decision for large sets. Reference Librarians' input is sought. 3) Solo librarian 4) The firm mandated a reduction in the print collection in order to convert library space to a conference room. I prepared a list of print resources that were duplicated in our online subscriptions, and reviewed list with practice group leaders. After securing their support, the materials were pulled from the print collection. A practice group leader can request renewal of print materials, which can be accommodated if budget is available.

Law Firm Library in Firm with more than 150 lawyers 1) The librarians make the initial decision and partners review and can overturn decisions. 2) There are only two of us for 12 offices. Practice Group leaders have input, as well as Attorney in- charge of the office. 3) The Director makes the final decision 4) Manager, Library & Research works with librarians on culling. The manager makes the final decision. Attorneys can overturn a decision. 5) Information Resource librarians make decision with input from patrons and research librarians. 6) Routine culling has always been done by librarians with input by attorneys. Decisions were not overturned until management decided to go all electronic a few years ago. Now confrontations over print are more common & more controversial. 7) Cancellations are made by two managers (one for litigation and one for business/finance). Decisions to weed/purge those titles is made by the national library manager in conjunction with the local librarian 8) Library Director and Library Supervisor 9) All Director of Library Services with some input from affected practice area leaders 10) Not a big deal. When circulation is low and all librarians agree, we check with the practice area administrator with the stats and it happens.

Government Law Library 1) Head of Collection Management, under the supervision of the Director 2) The law library staff (3 people) makes the collective decision while the law library committee, which meets monthly, has the final say on all matters of print collection culling or additions 3) The senior library assistant and junior library assistant discuss collection, if any major changes are to be made, the discussion may go to President Judge. The President Judge could overturn decision.

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Law Library Plans for the Print Materials Collection 4) I have not actively culled the collection since we moved into our larger space. At that time I made the decisions but had the input of court personnel. The Chief Judge or Clerk of the Court could overrule me. 5) I was the only librarian and I was not consulted at all! 6) Director makes final decision, but items rarely culled. If taken from main stacks, they are put into closed stacks. 7) The job of culling the materials falls to me, then acquisitions librarian. I am now the Library Coordinator. 8) We cull very little. What culling is done is determined by the Law Library Director. 9) I am a solo law librarian, so the buck stops with me. 10) director and systems librarian 11) All Librarians work on weeding and feeding the Library. I make the final decisions. 12) Ad hoc 13) I make the decisions on culling materials. I inform the director and our board. If there was an issue the director or the board could overturn it, but they have not overturned anything to date. 14) I decide what will be removed. 15) I make final decisions with input from acquisitions librarian 16) The director reviews each new supplement as it comes out and decides whether we're going to continue with it or not. Price, usage, online access all effect our decisions. The director and cataloger also do periodic inventories of our collections review what goes and what stays.

Private Company Law Library 1) Each title is assessed as to if it is available digitally, then the cost difference, then lawyer preference. Lower cost always wins.

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