Article-84

Eco. Env. & Cons. 23 (4) : 2017; pp. (582-588) Copyright@ EM International ISSN 0971–765X

Radiation environment of ’s territory

Kozy Kibatayev1*, Gulnur Urgushbayeva2, Dina Yegizbayeva2, Kulyan Shayakhmetova2, Gulnura Kalbagayeva2, Alima Kashkinbayeva2, Yuliya Zame2 and Gulshara Abasheva2

1Technopark “Zerek” of S. Baishev Aktobe University, Aktobe, Republic of Kazakhstan 2West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov State Medical University, Aktobe, Republic of Kazakhstan

(Received 20 September, 2017; accepted 5 November, 2017)

ABSTRACT This paper presents theresults of soil investigations conducted in the to determine the radionuclide content, radon concentration and gamma exposure dose rate. The study shows no excess of health-based exposure limits. However, the excess of radonconcentrationwas registered at the site of land allocation for average global construction, and the radionuclide content (226Ra, 232Th, 40Ê) in the soil of some was higher than the worldwide background (percentage abundance) and multi-year average data for the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan.

Key words : Exposure dose rate, Radon exhalation, Radionuclide soil contamination, Radionuclide specific activity, Soil type, Natural and artificial radionuclides

Introduction places where the levels of radiation are much higher than the average value (0.3-0.6 mSv/year). People get the element part of exposure to natural The dose of radiation also depends on human radiation sources. Natural radiation background lifestyle. The deployment of some constructional consists of cosmic ray terrestrial radiation. Accord- materials, the use of gas for cooking, open coal fry- ing to the data of U.Ya.Margulisand Yu.I. Bregadze ing pans, the sealing of rooms and even flights on (2000), the effective dose of radiation created by cos- airplanes increase the level of radiation due to natu- mic radiation at sea level is 0.32 mSv. According to ral radiation sources (Kayukov, Fedorov and the data of A.M. Lyutsko, I.V. Rolevich and V.I. Efremov, 2002; Sivintsev, 1991; Kibatayev, 2009). Ternov (1990), the average annual dose is 0.3 mSv, The radionuclides preserved in the earth’s crust

but the overwhelming majority of Kazakhstan’s and having a long half-life (Ò1/2) include K-40 (Ò1/2=

population receives the dose of 0.38 mSv/year, as 1.3 billion years), U-238 (Ò1/2= 4.5 billion years), U-

far as this territory is fixed at an altitudeof 300-400 235 (Ò1/2 = 0.7 billion years), Th-232 (Ò1/2 = 14 billion m above sea level (Kayukov, Fedorov and Efremov, years). U-238, U-235 and Th-232 are the ancestors of 2002). radioactive families that make up a chain of radio- In addition to cosmic radiation, man receives ra- nuclides. diation from radioactive elements scattered in ter- Human exposure is due to external influence and restrial rocks. In this case, the dose of radiation de- the intake of radionuclides inside (with food and pends on the place of residence, forasmuch as the water and from the air in the process of breathing). level of radiation depends on the concentration of It is very important to determine the radioactive their occurrence in radioactive rocks. There are emanations of Rn-222 and Rn-220, which create KIBATAYEV ET AL 583

about 50% of the total dose received from natural Chasnikov, 1998) to 12 nuclear explosions produced sources (Kayukov, Fedorov and Efremov, 2002; in the Aktobe region (Faizov, Raimzhanov and Kibatayev, 2009). Alimbekov, 2003). Of great importance for the formation of radia- In addition,there are oil and gas production en- tion background is soil contamination with the ra- terprises in the Aktobe region, which causesurface 137 dioisotope of Cesium-137 ( Cs), with a half-life (T1/ contaminationby Ra-226, Ra-228 and Th-232

2) of 30.2 years, which has a high migration ability (Kayukov, Fedorov and Efremov, 2002; and toxicity. The radioisotopes of cesium are formed Urgushbayeva, Kibatayev, and Mamyrbayev, 2015). during the fission of heavy elements atomic nuclei The migration of radioactive substances upon (in nuclear explosions and in nuclear reactors) and their release to the soil depends on a number of con- through the use of charged-particles accelerator. ditions: physicochemical isotope properties; physi- Nuclear explosions and major radiation accidents at cochemical soil characteristics (soil type); nature of nuclearenterprises have become the main source of ground water movement; environment acidity; cli- radioactive contamination of the environment. The matic parameters; residence time of radionuclides in contribution of the USSR and the USA to radioactive soil, etc. Different soils have different radionuclide contamination is approximately the same –40%, the absorption capacities. High absorption capacity is remaining 20% fall on England, France and China possessed by chernozem andclayed soils, their (Vasilenko and Vasilenko, 2001). sorptivity is due to the presence of humus. The ab- The intensive development of major uranium sorption capacity of sod-podzolic and sandy soils is deposits in Kazakhstan (according to various esti- much more limited. mates, its reserves in the country correspond to 25- According to the data of V.I. Baranov and N.G. 30% of the world figures) and the forty-year testing Morozova (1966), the greatest natural radioactivity of nuclear facilities at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear is possessed by acid eruptions of the rock. This is Test Site (SNTS) and other facilities created a huge explained by a higher content of uranium and other mass of radioactive waste of various activities, scat- natural radionuclides in acidic eruptive rocks. The tered throughout most of the country. radioactivity of sedimentary clays and silts is rela- In addition to the widely known Semipalatinsk tively high. The radioactivity of precipitation and Test Site, the Azgir Nuclear Test Site was located on biogenic deposits is low. the territory of Western Kazakhstan. There were The accumulation of radioactive compounds in also a whole series of test sites at which the explo- hydromorphic, gley, meadow-sod, alluvial soils is sions of nuclear charges were made: Taysoyghan, observed in the soil cover. Thepresence of radium Urda, Zhanakala, etc. (Urgushbayeva,Kibatayev and thorium in the soil leads to the appearance of andMamyrbayev, 2015). The distribution of cesium- radioactive gases (radon, thoron) in the soil air. Ra- 137 in the top soil of nuclear sites had a certain regu- dioactive emanations are more pronounced in hu- larity: the greatest shareof cesium-137 (25.2% - mus soils (for example, in chernozem) (Kovda,1985; 40.7%) was found in medium and small soil suites, Aktobe region. Kazakhstan. National encyclope- which is a risk factor for environmental contamina- dia,2004). tion during the wind erosion of the soil The Aktobe region is located in West Kazakhstan (Kozhakhmetov,2007;Toguzbayeva,Kozhakhmetov between 51 and 45 degrees north latitude and 49 andFilin, 2003). and 64 degrees east longitude. The length of the ter- One of the test sites where a nuclear explosion ritory from west to east is about 800 km, from north was made on 3 October 1987 (Batolit-2) for the pur- to south – about 700 km. pose of seismic sounding, with a capacity of 8.5 kt, at The Aktobe region is located between the a depth of 1,002 m, 320 km south-west of Aktobe Caspian Depression in the west, the UstyurtPlateau City, is the of Kaldaybek, Bayganin District in the south, the TuranDepression in the southeast of the Aktoberegion, located on the coast of the and the southern spurs of the Urals in the north. Emba River.Such explosions are called produced for Most of the region is a plain, divided by river val- peaceful (economic) purposes. There were more leys, 100-200 m high. In the middle part there are than 30 of such “peaceful” explosions on the terri- Mugodzhar Hills (the highest point is Big tory of Kazakhstan. According to various data, from Baktybaimountain, 657 m). In the west of the Aktobe 1957 to 1962there were from 10 (Chasnikov, 1992; region there is the Sub- Plateau, which in the 584 Eco. Env. & Cons. 23 (4) : 2017

southwest passes into the Caspian Depression; in and in the most dissected parts of the gully network the southeast – arrays of hilly sands – the Aral are replaced by sandy loam and medium loamy de- Karakum Desert and the Big and Small Barsuki. In posits representing ancient alluvial-talus deposits the northeast of theAktobe region there is the (Novikova et al., 1968; GOST R 54038-2010,2012). Turgay Plateau. Taking into account the above, we believe that According to the nature of the soil cover, three monitoring the regional radiation situation is essen- soil zones are distinguished on the territory of the tial, since the irradiation of the population is pos- region: chernozem, chestnut and brown. sible both with external and internal irradiation (en- Each zone is divided into subzones, different in a try into the body during breathing, ingestion of food variety of soil, vegetation and economic use. In the and water). chernozem zone, a subzone of southern chernozems The research objective is to study the radiation is distinguished; in the zone of chestnut soils – dark issue in the Aktobe region. chestnut, chestnut and light chestnut; in the zone of brown soils – a subzone of brown as such and grey Materials and Methods brown soils. Dark chestnut carbonate solonetzic soils lie to- The research data of the radiological laboratory of gether with dark chestnut calcareous soils and are the Republican State Enterprise on the Right of Eco- distributed throughout the north.In the eastern part nomic Use “National Centre of Expert Review” of of the subzone there are widespread heavy loam the Committee for the Protection of Consumer and clayey low-humus medium-thick chernozems Rights of the Ministry of National Economy of the confined to flat areas.In the southern part of the re- Republic of Kazakhstan for the Aktobe region for gion, dark chestnut soils are formed on the territory 2013-2016 were analyzed. In total for 4 years 20,116 of the subzone, among which there are very often objects of residential and public buildings as well solonetzic and underdeveloped genera of these asconstruction sites (697,013 measurements of the soils. Particular attention should be paid to the dark exposure dose rate (EDR) and radon content) were chestnut phosphate and residual-carbonate soils of surveyed (Table 1). 2,525 soil samples were taken to the Sub-Ural Plateau, nowhere else found in determine the content of radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, Kazakhstan. Soil-forming rocks are clayey and 137Cs, 40Ê). All studies were carried out by an accred- heavy loam quaternary deposits, which in the south ited laboratory. According to the regional nomencla- in the highest areas (above 300 m above sea level) ture of “National Centre of Expert Review”,95 types

Table 1. The number of measurements in the Aktobe region in 2013-2016 Sl. Research name 2013 2014 2015 2016 No. Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number of of of of of of measu- of of objects measure- objects measure- objects rements objects measu- ments ments rements 1 Natural gamma background level: 1.1 Residential development territory 4079 14889 2668 13832 527 5624 440 4793 1.2 Residential and public buildings 514 17760 356 24475 369 35582 290 9050 1.3 Building plots 961 77789 1121 187858 412 62561 309 69142 1.4 Industrial facilities involving 31 986 21 922 - - sources of ionizing radiation 1.5 Radiation monitoring of scrap metal 1203 15345 218 3270 260 4247 1015 15306 1.6 Others (motor vehicles for ES, etc.) 63 1342 101 6853 - - 1.7 Radiology rooms 177 4200 177 4703 89 2074 262 6172 2 Radon and its progeny 2.1 Residential development territory 525 673 148 187 112 174 58 69 2.2 Residential and public buildings 513 851 356 657 355 706 309 641 2.3 Building plots 752 1128 796 1565 306 1101 161 226 2.4 Workplace air 48 91 54 169 - - Total 8724 132635 5982 238966 2606 120013 2844 105399 KIBATAYEV ET AL 585 23±18 59±20 22±18 41±20 43±20 97±21 ) 3 - 0,08-0,11 0,07-0,11 0,07-0,13 0,06-0,14 0,08-0,13 0,08-0,13 0,06-0,13 0,06-0,10 23±18 43±21 47±21 26±18 37±22 37±22 33±20 0 23±20 33±20 43±20 26±18 0,06-0,10 0,07-0,140,06-0,12 0,07-0,14 0,08-0,12 0,06-0,14 0,08-0,11 0,05-0,12 0,08-0,12 0,08-0,14 0,06-0,14 0,08-0,14 0,08-0,11 0,07-0,14 0,06-0,10 0,08-0,11 0,08-0,12 0,06-0,14 62±21 61±22 0,07-0,12 0,07-0,13 0,06-0,14 0,08-0,14 0,08-0,14 0,07-0,14 0,05-0,14 0,08-0,13 0,08-0,13 0,05-0,13 0,06-0,10 44±21 45±21 32±2047±23 40±2038±20 42±2339±22 45±20 43±20 39±23 35±22 23±16 43±20 23±18 38±20 23±18 41±23 32±20 29±20 44±23 39±20 39±20 53±23 0 0 0 25±20 26±18 31±20 38±20 28±21 36±20 48±20 49±21 46±20 23±16 49±21 23±18 23±18 42±2028±21 42±2041±20 34±2143±21 47±20 41±2039±21 41±21 46±21 24±18 48±20 43±21 51±2133±21 0 23±20 23±18 43±21 23±16 41±21 43±20 31±20 26±18 36±21 42±21 40±21 42±20 44±21 47±21 0 48±21 52±20 44±21 0 38±21 0 24±16 49±21 0 23±19 37±21 27±20 22±16 38±22 0 38±20 35±21 39±20 31±20 43±22 40±20 39±21 39±20 31±20 42±20 43±22 45±20 23±18 37±20 0 44±20 24±18 0 48±20 26±18 34±20 23±16 44±20 46±20 24±16 2013 r 2014 r 2015 r 2016 r 2013 r 2014 r 2015 r 2016 r 2013 r 2014 r 2015 r 2016 r 2013 2014 2015 2016 2013 2014 2015 2016 2013 2014 2015 2016 0,08-0,11 0,06-0,13 0,06-0,12 0,05-0,12 0,07-0,13 0,08-0,13 0,06-0,13 0,05-0,14 0,08-0,11 0,08-0,11 0,07-0,12 0,06-0,12 Results of radon measurements (EEVA) environmental objects (Bq/m Results of EDR measurements the environmental medium (ìSv/h) Table 2. ¹ District name12 Residential and public buildings EDR Aktobe Ayteke Bi 0,08-0,14 Residential development territory EDR 0,07-0,12 0,05-0,14 0,05-0,14 0,08-0,14 Allocation of a land plot EDR 0,07-0,14 0,05-0,14 0,05-0,12 0,07-0,12 0,07-0,13Table 3. 0,05-0,14¹ 0,05-0,14 District name1 RnResidential development territory Aktobe (EEVA) RnResidential and public buildings RnAllocation of a land plot 34 Alga Bayganin 0,08-0,12 0,09-0,14 0,09-0,14 0,07-0,14 0,06-0,12 0,08-0,12 0,08-0,14 0,06-0,14 0,06-0,12 0,08-0,14 0,07-0,14 0,06-0,14 0,05-0,12 56 Kargaly 0,07-0,11 0,08-0,11 0,07-0,12 0,08-0,11 0,07-0,12 0,08-0,13 - 0,08-0,12 0,07-0,12 0,07-0,12 0,06-0,12 0,07-0,11 0,07-0,11 0,07-0,12 0,06-0,12 78 Kobda9 Martuk Mugalzhar 0,09-0,12 0,07-0,13 0,08-0,12 0,06-0,12 0,07-0,13 0,08-0,12 0,06-0,11 0,07-0,13 0,08-0,12 0,06-0,10 - 0,08-0,11 0,08-0,11 0,09-0,12 0,06-0,13 0,09-0,12 0,05-0,12 0,08-0,12 0,07-0,11 0,05-0,14 0,07-0,11 0,08-0,12 0,07-0,12 0,06-0,12 0,08-0,12 0,08-0,12 0,06-0,14 1011 Temir12 Oiyl13 0,08-0,12 0,09-0,13 0,07-0,12 0,08-0,11 0,09-0,13 0,07-0,14 0,08-0,11 0,06-0,11 0,09-0,13 0,05-0,10 0,08-0,12 0,06-0,11 0,05-0,10 0,07-0,13 0,08-0,12 0,09-0,15 0,07-0,13 0,08-0,12 0,07-0,13 - 0,08-0,13 0,05-0,12 0,06-0,14 0,08-0,12 0,08-0,14 0,08-0,13 0,08-0,12 0,08-0,12 0,08-0,13 0,08-0,13 0,07-0,12 0,06-0,12 0,08-0,13 0,06-0,14 - 0,08-0,12 0,08-0,12 0,08-0,12 0,06-0,12 23 Ayteke Bi 4 Alga 5 Bayganin Yrgyz 67 Kargaly (8 Kobda 9 Martuk 10 Mugalzhar 11 12 Oiyl13 Khromtau Shalkar 45±21 32±20 45±21 38±20 48±21 38±20 24±16 0 48±21 49±21 25±20 38±20 0 0 24±19 38±21 26±18 42±21 36±20 49±21 31±20 23±16 35±20 0 586 Eco. Env. & Cons. 23 (4) : 2017

of research are envisaged. measurements in theterritories ofresidential devel- The measurements were carried out in accor- opment, residential and public buildings and dance with research standards and methods (28-35) landsallocatedfor the construction of residential and (Methodological guidelines for determining the con- public buildings. Radon concentration inresidential tent of Strontium-90 and Cesium-137 in soils and and public buildings does not exceed limits (less plants, 2004;GOST 23923-89, 1991;GOST 8.348-79 – than 100 Bq/m3in exploited buildings). However, GSI,1980; GOST 8.313-78 - ICG. 1979; GOST 17226- there were buildings (97 Bq/m2) exceeding the aver- 71,1971; GOST R 54038-2010, 2012)with the help age probability value (70 Bq/m2) in Aktobe ofcertified devices: EDR was defined bythe dosim- (Kayukov,FedorovandEfremov,2002).The value of eters MKS, RKS and DKS AT 1123; radon and prog- radon concentration in the air on the territory for the eny exhalation was measured with “Ramon”; the allocation of a land plot for construction exceeds content of radionuclides wasidentifiedby alpha, beta average values (7-12 Bq/m2) in all districts, in and gamma spectrometers (JV “Progress”). Aktobe the figure is more than 4 times greater (up to 59 Bq/m2). Results and Discussion Table 4 shows the data of the world background (Vinogradov, 1957), the average long-term study in Table 2 shows the results of EDR measurements for the Russian Federation (Krasnitsky,2001), the aver- residential and public buildings, residential devel- age value for Kazakhstan (Kayukov,Fedorov opment territory and theallocation of a land plot for andEfremov,2002), and the average data for 2016 in construction. In all measurements EDR was 0.06- the Aktobe region. 0.14 ìSv/h, which does not exceed the maximum As the Table 4 shows, the average specific activ- permissible levels, but is more than the average in ity of radionuclides in the soil of the Aktobe region the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kayukov,Fedorov (2016) for Cs-137, Ra-226, Th-232 is lower than the andEfremov,2002). world background (Vinogradov,1957), and the K-40 Table 3 shows the results of radon concentration content is higher than the world background and

Table 4. Specific activity of radionuclides in soil (Bq/kg) S.No. Cs-137 Ra-226 Th-232 K-40 1 World background (percentage abundance 15 29 24,6 370 by Vinogradov) 2 Russian Federation 22 27 30 520 3 Republic of Kazakhstan 60 300 4 Aktobe District 3,17 19,1 20,6 380,6

Table 5. Results of soil research on the content of radionuclides (Ra-226, Th-232) (Bq/kg) Sl. District name 2013 2014 2015 2016 No. Ra-226 Th-232 Ra-226 Th-232 Ra-226 Th-232 Ra-226 Th-232 1 Aktobe 22,2±5,1 11,3±1,5 29,6±11,7 16,5±7,6 20,4±11,3 22,7±4,3 17,3±8,0 24,7±11,3 2 Ayteke Bi 21,6±5,46 23,6±8,6 20,9±7,9 12,1±7,29 20,9±7,9 12,1±7,29 - - 3 Alga 32,8±7,35 29±8,8 17,4±2,61 12,2±4,1 17,4±2,61 12,2±4,1 13,6±7,7 15,1±11,5 4 Bayganin 9,43±3,8 29,7±1,8 20,7±7,59 10,5±6,1 20,7±7,59 11,3±6,1 21,2±8,4 20,2±10,5 5 Yrgyz 29,6±11,7 16,5±7,6 31,5±15,4 46,7±13,2 25,5±15,4 33,5±11,2 12,5±9,3 19,4±9,7 6 Kargaly 20,9±7,9 12,1±7,29 17,2±7,39 11,8±8,6 17,2±7,39 12,2±9,6 15,6±10,1 20,1±10,4 7 Kobda 17,4±2,61 12,2±4,1 13,59±7,9 15,1±10,8 13,6±7,7 15,1±11,5 22,1±13,5 25,6±11,6 8 Martuk 20,7±7,59 10,5±6,1 21,3±12,3 34,1±19,4 21,3±8,11 20,3±12,4 18,7±8,34 12,5±8,9 9 Mugalzhar 31,5±15,4 34,9±13,2 21,6±8,6 16,5±7,6 21,6±3,28 16,5±7,6 24,3±9,32 21,9±8,17 10 Temir 17,2±7,39 11,8±8,6 27,9±5,7 27,1±5,54 27,9±4,58 27,1±5,54 -- 11 Oiyl 13,59±7,9 15,1±10,8 19,3±2,23 16,2±3,74 15,2±5,47 16,2±3,74 17,2±7,39 16,2±11,5 12 Khromtau 21,3±12,3 34,1±19,4 18,7±7,59 12,5±8,9 18,7±8,34 12,5±8,9 22,1±12,4 23,5±10,7 13 Shalkar 27,3±12,4 21±9,62 21,3±19,2 21,9±8,17 24,3±9,32 21,9±8,17 25,7±13,1 28,2±10,5 KIBATAYEV ET AL 587 average values for Kazakhstan (Kayukov,Fedorov (932 Bq/kg), Shalkar (566 Bq/kg) andKhromtau dis- andEfremov,2002). tricts (549 Bq/kg), in 2015in Bayganin (768 Bq/kg) Tables 5 and 6 show data on the specific activity district and in 2016 in Shalkar (418 Bq/kg) and of radionuclides in soil. Khromtau districts (421 Bq/kg). Table 5 shows that the content of Ra-226 in soil samples is higher than the world background Conclusions (Vinogradov, 1957) as well as the average levels in (Krasnitsky,2001) and the Aktobe region of EDR on the territory of the Aktobe region does not Kazakhstan,identified in 2013 in Algo (32.8 Bq/kg), exceed the maximum permissible levels, but is Yrgyz (29.6Bq/kg) andMugalzha (31.5 Bq/kg) dis- higher than the average for Kazakhstan. tricts. In 2014 this figure was higher in Yrgyz (31.5 Radon concentration (Rn-222) of build-up areas Bq/kg), and Temir (27.9 Bq/kg) districts. and territories of residential and public buildings The specific activity of Th-232 was greater than does not exceed the permissible level (100 Bq/m3), the average world background (Vinogradov,1957), however, there are buildings found (in Aktobe) the average levels in Russia (Krasnitsky,2001) and where the radon content exceeds the average na- the Aktobe region of Kazakhstan in 2013 in Algo (29 tional value.In addition,radon concentration in the Bq/kg), Bayganin (29.7 Bq/kg), Mugalzha (34.9 Bq/ air on the territory for the allocation of a land plot kg) and Khromtau (34.1 Bq/kg) districts; in 2014 – for construction exceeds the world average values Yrgyz, (46.7 Bq/kg), Martuk (34.1 Bq/kg), Temir (7-12 Bq/m2) (Kayukov,Fedorov andEfremov,2002) (27.1 Bq/kg) districts;Yrgyz (33.5 Bq/kg), Temir in all districts, and in Aktobe this figure is more than (27.1 Bq/kg) districts; in 2015 –Yrgyz (33.5 Bq/kg), 4 times greater (up to 59 Bq/m2). Temir (27.1 Bq/kg) districts; in 2016 –Aktobe city In some areas, the specific activity of Ra-226 ex- (24.7 Bq/kg) and Shalkar (28.2 Bq/kg) district. ceeds the level of the world background (percentage Table 6 shows data from the study of Cs-137 and abundance) from 3.4% () to 21.5% K-40. The specific activity of Cs-137 in the soils of (Algo district). the Aktobe region does not exceed the world back- The content of Th-232 in soil exceeds the world ground (Vinogradov,1957) and the average annual background (percentage abundance) (Vinogradov, data for Russia (Krasnitsky,2001). However, 1957) from 10.2% (Temirdistrict) to 42% (Mugalzhar inBayganin (3.41, 4.15, 4.81 and 3.58 Bq/kg), ). (3.3, 3.19 and 3.61 Bq/kg) and Temir (3.7 and 3.61 In all the samples studied Cs-137 did not exceed Bq/kg) districts there is an excess of the average re- the world background (percentage abundance), gional value (3.17 Bq/kg). however in the Bayganin region the radionuclide The increased content of K-40 in soils was de- content exceeded the average regional value by al- tected in 2013 in Bayganin (512 Bq/kg), Mugalzha most 1.5 times.

Table 6. Results of soil research on the content of radionuclides (Cs-137, K-40) (Bq/kg) Sl. District name 2013 2014 2015 2016 No. Cs-137 K-40 Cs-137 K-40 Cs-137 K-40 Cs-137 K-40 1 Aktobe 1.24±0.03 88,5±24.5 3.14±0.56 335±119.0 3.57±0.41 468±74 3.23±1,3 362±92 2 Ayteke Bi 2.38±1.8 197±98.2 3.23±2.07 242±103 3.65±1.25 242±103 - - 3 Alga 2.7±1.8 488±138 1.83±0.32 425±121 2.34±0.64 324±95 2.92±0,67 367±79 4 Bayganin 3.4±0.01 512,0±188.0 4.15±0.93 239±89.1 4.81±0.21 768±84 3.58±0,72 351±64 5 Yrgyz 3.14±0.56 335±119.0 2.4±1.8 832±52.0 3.21±1.24 564±55 2.87±0,65 332±61 6 Kargaly 3.23±2.07 242±103 2.4±1.29 366±80.7 3.14±1.08 471±89 2.97±0,70 412±82 7 Kobda 1.83±0.32 425±121 2.7±0.35 381±129 2.92±0.67 367±79 3.50±1,2 409±91 8 Martuk 1.15±0.93 239±89.1 2.7±1.4 549±115 3.14±1.21 478±85 2.58±1,28 347±82 9 Mugalzhar 2.4±1.8 932±152.0 3.7±0.72 335±119.0 3.47±0.84 364±80 3.19±0,95 299±62 10 Temir 2.4±1.29 366±80.7 3.81±1.67 284±95 4.15±1.67 257±74 - - 11 Oiyl 2.7±0.35 381±129 2.54±0,99 346±117 3.47±1.11 394±85 3.14±1,08 469±78 12 Khromtau 2.7±1.4 549±115 1.81±0.71 299±73 2.58±1.28 247±82 3.28±1,50 421±82 13 Shalkar 3.3±1.51 566±108 2.48±1.72 166±18 3.19±0.95 299±62 3.61±1,58 418±83 588 Eco. Env. & Cons. 23 (4) : 2017

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