HISTORIC PHILADELPHIA GAZETTE

National Park Service No. 98 - March/April 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior e Betsy Ross House Celebrates Philly PHLASH Downtown Bus Loop Independence National Returns Weekends Historical Park Women’s History in March from March 24 e only site in Historic Philadelphia dedicated to telling from making important military supplies to choosing the stories of 18th century women celebrates Women’s “patriotic” beverages like chocolate and coee, rather e Philly PHLASH Downtown Bus Loop The Historic Philadelphia Gazette History Month with fun, interactive and informative events than tea. returns for the season with a day of is always FREE for the whole family. Visit the Betsy Ross House in March • Friday-Sunday in March and March 25-April 3: FREE rides on ursday, to check out the new Women at Work in Revolutionary Meet a History Maker, 12-5 p.m. – As part of the new March 24. Explore the IN THIS ISSUE America and these great events: exhibit, meet Phillis, a free African laundress, and hear Historic District aboard • March 6: Women’s History Month Celebration, her fascinating story that took her from slavery, to the PHLASH from 10 a.m. 12-4 p.m. – Meet 18th-century women from all walks of school, to the 18th-century workforce. to 6 p.m. the last weekend of life. Betsy Ross greets visitors in her upholstery shop and For even more events celebrating women throughout our March, continuing every Friday, Saturday, Page 2 shares stories about her life as a business owner and nation’s history, see the March listings for Independence and Sunday in April. Revolutionary Quaker; Phillis, an African American National Historical Park’s free programs, including Philly PHLASH is the most convenient and National Constitution domestic worker talks about her life as a freed slave. Plus, Gentlewomen of the Press, Ladies of Liberty, Justice aordable way for visitors to travel to 22 key meet female entrepreneurs, chocolate maker, Mary Center and Equality and more. attractions around Philadelphia at just $2 per Crathorne and Hannah Lithgow, the widow who owned All Women’s History Month events at the Betsy Ross House ride or $5 for the day. e PHLASH is free the home where Betsy Ross rented her rooms. are free with admission. Call (215) 629-4026 or visit for seniors and children four and under. Historic District • March 25: Colonial Chocolate Making, 11 am.-4 p.m. historicphiladelphia.org for more information. Buy tickets onboard or at the Independence Happenings Meet three female entrepreneurs and learn how women All INHP programming is free. Visitor Center. played an active role during the American Revolution – Call (215) 537-7676 or visit nps.gov/inde. Visit PhillyPhlash.com for more information. City Tavern

Page 3 HISTORIC DISTRICT HAPPENINGS

Historic Site & Map MARCH Franklin Court Printing Office, 11:30-11:40 a.m.: MARCH 26 & 27 Location Gentlewomen of the Press – See March 5 & 6 for full Liberty Bell Center, 10:30-10:40 a.m.: MARCH 1 description. Forging Justice: The Women’s Liberty Bell Franklin Square, 10 a.m.-5 p.m.: 10th Birthday Page 4 Edgar Allan Poe National Historic Site, 1-2 p.m.: See March 5 for full description. Season Kick-Off – The Square reopens for its Women in the Life of Edgar Allan Poe – Ranger-led Franklin Court Printing Office, 11:30-11:40 a.m.: Map 10th birthday season with fun family entertain- tour explores the women in Poe’s life. Discover Gentlewomen of the Press – See March 5 & 6 for full ment featuring Philly Mini Golf, the Franklin how they influenced him personally and description. Square fountain, playgrounds, the Parx Liberty professionally from his youth until his untimely Signers’ Garden, 1-1:30 p.m.: Seeds to Suffrage Carousel, and the tasty SquareBurger. death. Free. (800) 537-7676, nps.gov/inde Follow in the footsteps of the women who used Free; attractions ticketed. Independence Visitor Center, 3-3:30 p.m.: Independence Square to fight their own revolution. (215) 629-5026, historicphiladelphia.org Ladies of Liberty, Justice, and Equality Join a park ranger and discover the women’s See March 5 & 6 for full description. suffrage campaigns that took place in the shadow MARCH 5 & 6 MARCH 19 & 20 of Independence Hall. Liberty Bell Center, 10:30-10:40 a.m.: Forging Liberty Bell Center, 10:30-10:40 a.m.: Free. (800) 537-7676, nps.gov/inde Justice: The Women’s Liberty Bell – Hear how Forging Justice: The Women’s Liberty Bell MARCH 26 women in Pennsylvania forged a new symbol for See March 5 for full description. Franklin Square, 11 a.m.-1 p.m.: Great Egg Hunt the women’s suffrage movement using their own Franklin Court Printing Office, 11:30-11:40 a.m.: The Easter Bunny has left some treats on the Great “Liberty Bell” in this brief ranger talk. Gentlewomen of the Press – See March 5 & 6 for full Lawn! In-person registration is required for this event, Free. (800) 537-7676, nps.gov/inde which is open to children 10 and under. Receive timed Franklin Court Printing Office, 11:30-11:40 a.m.: description. Independence Visitor Center, 1-1:30 p.m.: tickets starting at 10 a.m. Free. Gentlewomen of the Press – Hear about women like (215) 629-4026, historicphiladelphia.org The Gazette Deborah Franklin, who assisted in her husband’s Women of the Revolution-Heroes and Villains is available also on the Web at shop, Mary Katharine Goddard who printed an early Meet Lydia Darragh and Peggy Shippen Arnold, MARCH 26 & 27 historicphiladelphia.org copy of the Declaration of Independence and other two women on different sides of the American Independence Visitor Center, 3-3:30 p.m.: women printers of the 18th-century in this short Revolution. As with men, some women emerged Ladies of Liberty, Justice, and Equality See March 5 & 6 for full description. Like us on ranger-led program. Special edition Women’s History as heroes and others as traitors to the cause. Month prints will be for sale. Free. (800) 537-7676, nps.gov/inde Free. (800) 537-7676, nps.gov/inde Independence Visitor Center, 3-3:30 p.m.: facebook.com/historicphilly Independence Visitor Center, 3-3:30 p.m.: Ladies of Liberty, Justice, and Equality APRIL Ladies of Liberty, Justice, and Equality – Join a park See March 5 & 6 for full description. APRIL 16 Follow us on ranger for slide program featuring women whose contribu- tions helped to further the cause of MARCH 25 & 26 Independence Mall, 10 a.m.-4 p.m.: Junior Ranger liberty, justice, and equality for all Americans. Independence Visitor Center, 11 a.m.-5 p.m.: Day – Kick-off National Park Week by playing games, twitter.com/historicphilly Free. (800) 537-7676, nps.gov/inde Once Upon A Nation Storytelling Bench – Hear meeting rangers and staff, collect NPS centennial MARCH 12 & 13 fascinating tales that didn’t make it into the history trading cards, take a selfie with Buddy Bison, and Photos by: Liberty Bell Center, 10:30-10:40 a.m.: books when our interactive storytellers bring the win prizes. D. Cruz, M. Edlow, J. Fusco, past to life. Free. (800) 537-7676, nps.gov/inde M. Kennedy, R. Kennedy, B. Krist, Forging Justice: The Women’s Liberty Bell See March 5 for full description. Free. (800) 537-7676, PHLVisitorCenter.com continues on page 2 E. Savaria, G. Widman. 2 No. 98 - March/April 2016 Independence National HISTORIC DISTRICT HAPPENINGS Historical Park continues from page 1 ONGOING APRIL 16-24 Betsy Ross House, 11 a.m. – 4 p.m.: Independence National Historical Park: Meet a History Maker – As part of the new National Park Week April 16-24 Celebrate Women at Work exhibit, visitors can meet the Park Service’s centennial during Phillis, a free African laundress, and hear National Park Week. Enjoy special ranger her fascinating story that took her from FEATURE EXHIBITIONS programs, events and fee free days at the slavery, to school, to the 18th century Headed to the White House - Through Election Day Benjamin Franklin Museum. See the new workforce. Step inside a presidential election in this interactive, NPS Centennial exhibit in the Liberty Bell Meet Phillis Fri. through Sun. in March, plus multimedia exhibit taking you from the campaign Center or play in the NPS Fun Zone in the 3/25-4-3; 4/8-10; 4/16-17; 4/23-24; and trail to the Oval Office all in one visit. Independence Visitor Center. 4/30. Free with admission. For more details, talk with a park ranger at Constituting Liberty: From the Declaration to the (215) 629-4026, historicphiladelphia.org A unique opportunity the Independence Visitor Center, or visit Bill of Rights - Through 2017 - Christ Church Burial Ground, to see one of just 12 surviving copies of the Bill of nps.gov/inde/planyourvisit/eventsactivities 5:30-6:30 p.m. Fridays in April: Ben Rights. APRIL 22 Franklin: Death & Taxes Tour – New tour Franklin Square, 6-11 p.m.: Philadelphia FEATURE PROGRAMMING focuses on the life and death of Ben Girl Scout Day - March 12 - Fulfill your Girl Scout Chinese Lantern Festival in Franklin Square Franklin using his quotes to tell his story, Badge requirements and journey back in time to learn Premiere – This celebration of light and with visits to the graves of many of the more about our nation’s greatest women heroes, culture makes its East Coast debut, friends and family who made Ben who he from suffragists to Supreme Court Justices! lighting up the Square with more than was. $10. Boy Scout Day - March 19 - Enjoy an action-packed 25 larger-than-life illuminated displays. (215) 922-1695, christchurchphila.org Enjoy daily performances, culinary day learning about American history and the Independence Visitor Center, 4-4:10 p.m.: importance of good citizenship—all while meeting exploration, traditional crafting and, of Junior Ranger Induction Ceremony – After course, all of the Square’s attractions. badge, patch, or journey requirements! completing the Junior Ranger Booklet, Earth Day - April 22 - Go green on Earth Day: The festival continues 6-10 p.m. Sunday children can meet a park ranger at the through Thursday and 6-11 p.m. Friday interactive programs teach you how the Founding information desk to receive their badge and Fathers were going green in the 18th century, and the and Saturday through June 12. be “sworn in” as junior rangers. Tickets are $17 for adults, $12 for children Earth Day Game Show lets you show off your own Independence Visitor Center, 11 a.m.- 3 eco-savvy knowledge. 17 and under. Purchase tickets at p.m. Thurs.-Sat. from 3/17 historicphiladelphia.org, by calling Meet the History Makers – Don’t forget 525 Arch Street (One block past the Independence Visitor Center (215) 629-4026 or at the gate. your camera and questions for and one block before Franklin Square) APRIL 22-28 Philadelphia’s colonial townsfolk, who offer See p. 3 for hours of operation. Christ Church Burial Ground, tales and anecdotes about life in @ConstitutionCtr 11 a.m.-3:30 p.m.: Science Through the 18th-Century Philadelphia. Observe their For more information about the National Constitution Center or Centuries – This 20-minute tour presented crafts, including quill pen calligraphy, any of its programs, call (215) 409-6700 or visit throughout the day in celebration of Phila- “sawdust dolls,” and watercolor art, and constitutioncenter.org. delphia Science Festival, highlights many of much more. the scientists, Physicians and Astronomers Free. (800) 537-7676, PHLVisitorCenter.com buried here, including Theophilus Grew, Show a copy of the Historic Gazette at the Charles Mason Ben Franklin and more. National Constitution Center Box Office $7 adults; $3 children. (215) 922-1695, christchurchphila.org and receive $2.00 off admission!

Savor specialties including pepperpot soup, Martha Washington’s chocolate it takes two Two entrées for the price of one!* mousse cake, General Washington & Valid Sunday through Friday for lunch & dinner! Thomas Jefferson’s recipes for ale. Only valid with the use of a major credit card, not valid for special Open seven days a week. Serving lunch menus or restaurant holiday, beverage tax & gratuity are not included. & dinner daily from 11:30 a.m. Dinner *Discount will be determined as the least expensive entrée, from 4 p.m. (Sundays from 3 p.m.). children’s meals are considered entrées. Valid: Sunday through Friday Located at the corner of 2nd & only. Not valid on Saturdays and March 25-28, 2016. Walnut Streets, (215) 413-1443. Expires April 30, 3016. Coupon must be presented at time of order.

HISTORIC PHILADELPHIA GAZETTE Historic Philadelphia, Inc. Thanks to the Partners & Sponsors who support the Betsy Ross House, Franklin Square and Once Upon A Nation. The Historic Philadelphia Gazette, is a joint venture of Commonwealth of Pennsylvania • Visit Philadelphia™ Historic Philadelphia, Inc., the National Park Service, the Philadelphia Parks and Recreation • City of Philadelphia • National Park Service Independence Visitor Center Corporation and the National Constitution Center. FUNDERS: The Lenfest Foundation • Parx Casino • William Penn Foundation • PECO • The ACE Group If you have questions, comments or need more Lincoln Financial Group Foundation • Aramark Charitable Fund • Board of Directors of City Trusts • William J. Avery • Brett’s Pony information about National Park Service sites or other Cash Is King Racing Stable • Lewis Katz • Team Smarty and the Chapman Family • Wayne S. Spilove • Kathy and Peter Linneman historical sites in Philadelphia and its countryside, call Adventure Aquarium • PNC Bank • IBEW Local 98.MJK Electrical Corporation • Greenways, Trails and Recreation Program • Google (800) 537-7676 or visit nps.gov/inde. American Express • McLean Contributionship • The Coby Foundation, Ltd • Mars • Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission • Wawa Historic Philadelphia, Inc. is dedicated to making our nation’s history relevant and real through interpretation, Connelly Foundation • Wells Fargo • Blank Rome LLP • William H. Haines, IV • Jolley Bruce Christman • Edward G. Rendell • Brûlée Catering interaction and education, strengthening Greater The HBE Foundation • Daughters of the American Revolution • City Tavern • Philadelphia Activities Fund • Religious Society of Free Quakers Philadelphia’s role as the destination to experience Valley Forge Tourism & Convention Board • Friends of Valley Forge • DNB First • Ian Comisky • Verizon • Beneficial Foundation American history. Historic Philadelphia, Inc. oversees the Christopher Ludwick Foundation • Dolfinger-McMahon •The Christian R. and Mary F. Lindback Foundation • Upper Merion Foundation Once Upon A Nation initiative, Betsy Ross House, EventQuip • Valspar • WPVI-6ABC • More FM and Franklin Square. For more information about HPI, or to make a Help sustain the magic of history. Make a tax-deductible donation. Visit www.historicphiladelphia.org or call 215-629-4026. tax-deductible donation, call (215) 629-4026 or visit Independence National Historical Park does not endorse the organizations and enterprises listed here but we wish to thank them for their generous historicphiladelphia.org. support of Historic Philadelphia, Inc. No. 98 - March/April 2016 HISTORIC SITE & MAP LOCATION 3

HISTORIC SITES Independence Hall C5 The President’s House Site E8 National Museum Of Chestnut Street between 5th & 6th Streets 555 Market Street American Jewish History D4 Arch Street Friends (800) 537-7676 Daily 7 a.m.-10 p.m. FREE 101 South Independence Mall East Meeting House E3 Daily 9 a.m.-5 p.m.; Tours o ered every 20 (215) 923-3811 320 Arch Street - (215) 627-2667 minutes in March and every 15 minutes in April. MUSEUMS 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Tues.-Fri.; 10 a.m.-5:30 p.m. Tue.-Sat. 10 a.m.-4 p.m.; Sugg. Don. $2 Tickets are required. Pick up free tickets at the Sat. & Sun.; Wed. 10 a.m.-8 p.m. The Athenaeum  American Philosophical Independence Visitor Center. Please note: security Society (APS) Museum D6 Ad. $12; Sr./Stud. $11; Active Mil. with Of Philadelphia C7 screening closes 15 minutes before the building ID/Ch. under 12 FREE; Pay-what-you-wish 219 South 6th Street - (215) 925-2688 closes for the evening. FREE 104 South 5th Street - (215)-440-3442 5-8 p.m. Closed Mon.-Fri. 9 a.m.-5 p.m. FREE  Philadelphia History Museum B5 Betsy Ross House F3 African American Museum In Philadelphia B3 15 S. 7th Street - (215) 685-4830 239 Arch Street - (215) 629-4026 Tues.-Sat. 10:30 a.m.-4:30 p.m.; Ad. $10; Daily 10 a.m.-5 p.m.; 7th & Arch Streets - (215) 574-0380 Sr. $8; Stud. & 13-18 $6; Ch. 12 & under & Ad. $5; Ch./Sr./Stud./Mil.$4; Audio Guide 10 a.m.-5 p.m. ur.-Sat.; 12-5 p.m. Sun.; active military free; Family Pack $20 (includes admission): Ad. $7; Ad. $10; Ch. 4-12 $8; Stud. (w/I.D.) $8; Sr. $8; Free to Members Polish American Ch./Sr/Stud./Mil. $6 Cultural Center Museum E6 Chemical Heritage Found. E5 Carpenters’ Hall E5 308 Walnut Street - (215) 922-1700 320 Chestnut Street - (215) 925-0167 315 Chestnut Street - (215) 925-2222 Mon.-Sat. 10 a.m.-4 p.m. FREE Tue.-Sun. 10 a.m.-4 p.m. FREE Mon.-Fri. 10 a.m.-5 p.m.; 10 a.m.-8 p.m. rst Fridays FREE Thaddeus Kosciuszko Christ Church Philadelphia F4 National Memorial E8 2nd Street above Market Street Federal Reserve Bank Independence Hall of Philadelphia C2 305 Pine St, Philadelphia - (215) 597-7130 (215) 922-1695 12-4 p.m. Sat. & Sun. from 4/2 Wed.-Sat. 9 a.m.-5 p.m.; Sun. 1-5 p.m. Mikveh Israel Cemetery A7 6th & Arch Streets - (866) 574-3727 Info available in 20 languages. 823 Spruce Street - (215) 922-5446 Mon.-Fri. 9:30 a.m.-4:30 p.m. FREE Sugg. Don.: Ad. $3; Stud. $2 By appt. only Fireman’s Hall Museum F2 OTHER SITES Christ Church  Mother Bethel A.M.E. Church C9 147 North 2nd Street - (215) 923-1438 Independence Burial Ground D3 419 South 6th Street - (215) 925-0616 Tues.-Sat. 10 a.m.-4:30 p.m. FREE Visitor Center C4 5th & Arch Streets - (215) 922-1695 Tues.-Sat. 10 a.m.-3 p.m.; Sun. open for services. Independence Seaport  Corner of 6th and Market Streets across Closed Donation suggested. Tours by appt. Museum H6 from the Liberty Bell - (800) 537-7676 City Tavern F6 Old City Hall D5 211 Columbus Blvd. - (215) 413-8655 Daily 8:30 a.m.-6 p.m.; FREE  138 South 2nd Street - (215) 413-1443 5th & Chestnut Streets - (800) 537-7676 Tues.-Sun. 10 a.m.-5 p.m.; Ad. $13.50; Junior Ranger Induction Ceremony: Daily from 11:30 a.m.  Daily 9 a.m.-5 p.m. FREE Sr./Stud. $10; Ch. $10; Under 2 FREE; $5 Daily 4 p.m. (10 min.) Congregation Mikveh Israel D4 Old First Reformed Church E1 admission after 5 p.m.  U.S. Mint D2 44 North 4th Street - (215) 922-5446 4th & Race Streets - (215) 922-4566 Liberty Bell Center C4 151 N. Independence Mall East mikvehisrael.org for worship schedule Tours by appt. FREE 526 Market Street - (800) 537-7676 (215) 408-0114, FREE Old Pine Street Church & Daily 9 a.m.-5 p.m. daily; Security screening Mon.-Fri. 9 a.m.-4:30 p.m. Congress Hall C5 Historic Graveyard D8 closes 5 minutes before the building closes for 6th & Chestnut Streets - (800) 537-7676 412 Pine Street - (215) 925-8051 the evening. FREE Daily 9 a.m.-5 p.m. FREE Mon.-Fri. 10 a.m.-3 p.m.; Sun. open for National Constitution  Services; Closed daily 12:30-1:30 p.m. Center D3 Edgar Allan Poe SERVICES National Historic Site C4 Tours by reservation; Open to walk through 525 Arch Street - (215) 409-6700 FREE Mon.-Fri. 9:30 a.m.-5 p.m,; 532 North 7th Street - (215) 597-8780 Language Services Park maps are Old St. Augustine Church D1 Sat. 9:30 a.m.-5 p.m.; Sun. 12-5 p.m.; Fri.-Sun. 9 a.m.-12 p.m.; 1 p.m.-5 p.m. available in Arabic, Chinese, French, 4th Street at the Ben Franklin Bridge Ad. $14.50; Sr. (65+) Elfreth’s Alley F2 Stud. w/ID & 13-18 $13; Ch. 4-12 $8; German, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, 124-126 Elfreth’s Alley - (215) 574-0560 - (215) 627-1838 Tours by appt. FREE Active Mil. & Ch. under 3 FREE;  Korean, Polish, Russian and Spanish. Closed   The Visitor Center concierge staff is fluent Franklin Court E4 Old St. Joseph’s Church & National Shrine E6 in nine languages including Spanish, 314-322 Market Street - (800) 537-7676 French, German and Italian. Information FREE 321 Willings Alley - (215) 923-1733 Call for hours & tours. FREE about the Liberty Bell and other park sites is Printing O ce: Daily 10 a.m.-5 p.m. available in multiple languages. See a NPS Old St. Mary’s Church D7 U.S. Post O ce: Mon.-Sat. 9 a.m.-5 p.m. Ranger or the Visitor Center staff if you Benjamin Franklin Museum: 252 South 4th Street - (215) 923-7930 have a specific request. (fee); 9 a.m.-5 p.m.; last entrance is at Mon.-Fri. 9 a.m.-4 p.m. Open for Services or 4:45 p.m.; Free admission on 4/16 thru 4/24 by appt. FREE Accessibility For the hearing impaired, Franklin Square C1 Physick House E8 a portable loop system is available inside 6th & Race Streets 321 South 4th Street - (215) 925-7866 the Visitor Center, compatible with all 10 a.m.-5 p.m. daily thru 3/18; urs.-Sat. 12-5 p.m.; Sun. 1-5 p.m. telecoil equipped hearing aids, cochlear 10 a.m.-7 p.m. from 3/19 Last tour at 4 p.m. Gen. $5; Stud./Sr. $4 implants, and induction loop receivers. Free Quaker Meeting House C3 Groups over 10 $3 each; Under 6 FREE A receiver with headphones is also 5th & Arch Streets - (215) 629-4026 Powel House E7 available if a hearing aid is not compatible. 11 a.m.-4 p.m. Sat. & Sun. 244 South 3rd Street - (215) 627-0364 Curb cuts are at corners on perimeter Gloria Dei “Old Swedes” urs.-Sat. 12-5 p.m.; Sun. 1-5 p.m. sidewalks. All major sites have ramps. Church Last tour at 4 p.m. Gen. $5; Stud./Sr. $4; Photo albums with pictures of 2nd floor Fam. $12; Under 6 FREE 916 South Swanson Street - (215) 389-1513  exhibits are available. Audio description of Tues.-Sun. 9 a.m.-4 p.m.; FREE St. George’s United exhibits & AV are at Poe and Kosciuszko Methodist Church E1 Great Essentials Exhibit C5 Houses, NPS Rangers describe exhibits 235 North 4th Street - (215) 925-7788 elsewhere. All films are open captioned, West Wing of Independence Hall Mon.-Fri. 10 a.m.-3 p.m.; with audio description and assisted (800) 537-7676 Daily 9 a.m.-5 p.m. Groups by appt. only FREE The Flame of Liberty - National Liberty Museum FREE listening. To arrange for American Sign  St. Peter’s Episcopal Church E8 National Liberty Museum E5 Language services, please contact us at 3rd & Pine Streets - (215) 925-5968 321 Chestnut Street - (215) 925-2800 least two weeks in advance. Use the relay Mon.-Fri. 8:30 a.m.-4 p.m.; 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Mon.-Sat.; 12-6 p.m. Sun. service (800-654-5984-TTY) to call Sat. 8:30 a.m.-3 p.m.; Sun. open until 3 p.m. Ad. $7; Sr. $6; Stud. $5; Ch. FREE  (215-597-7130). after services FREE  4 No. 98 - March/April 2016 A B C D E F G H I Germantown Old St. Old St. George’s Church White House VINE ST Augustine’s BENJAMIN FRANKLIN BRIDGE 676 Church 676 T

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Washington D D Old St. Joseph’s Church American Center O Square WILLINGS CHANCELLOR ST C V ALLEY K L

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Independence National Historical Park (INHP) LOMBARD ST Sports 9 P Stadiums Places to visit Parking Restrooms ATM SOUTH STREET P Franklin Square Parking Currency exchange SOUTH ST FOOTBRIDGE Walkways PHLASH Stop KEY Gloria Dei 10 (Old Swedes’) Church

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