Universidade Federal Da Bahia Faculdade De Arquitetura Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Arquitetura E Urbanismo Monique Sanches M

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Universidade Federal Da Bahia Faculdade De Arquitetura Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Arquitetura E Urbanismo Monique Sanches M UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA FACULDADE DE ARQUITETURA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ARQUITETURA E URBANISMO MONIQUE SANCHES MARQUES SUBJETIVIDADES E SINGULARIDADES URBANAS: NA CONSTRUÇÃO DE UM “DEVIR” OUTRO ARQUITETO URBANISTA. Salvador 2010 Universidade Federal da Bahia Faculdade de Arquitetura PPGAU-Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo Subjetividades e Singularidades Urbanas: na construção de um “devir” outro arquiteto urbanista Monique Sanches Marques Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal da Bahia (PPGAU/UFBA) como requisito para a obtenção do título de doutora. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Paola Berenstein Jacques Salvador 2010 Faculdade de Arquitetura da UFBA - Biblioteca M357 Marques, Monique Sanches. Subjetividades e singularidades urbanas : na construção de um “devir” outro arquiteto urbanista / Monique Sanches Marques. 2010. 286 f. : il. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Paola Berenstein Jacques. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2010. 1. Arquitetos - Profissão - Desenvolvimento. 2. Arquitetos - Arquitetura moderna - Séc. XXI. I. Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Arquitetura. II. Jacques, Paola Berenstein. III. Título. CDU: 72.036 Universidade Federal da Bahia Faculdade de Arquitetura PPGAU- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo Subjetividades e Singularidades Urbanas: na construção de um “devir” outro arquiteto urbanista Monique Sanches Marques Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal da Bahia PPGAU/UFBA) como requisito para obtenção do título de doutora. BANCA EXAMINADORA Salvador, 16 de abril de 2010 A memória de meu pai. A minha mãe, Mireille e Cida. Aos estudantes de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Agradeço, Aos arquitetos urbanistas incorporados! A todos eles e em especial a Profa. Paola Berenstein Jacques. A ela meu profundo respeito e amizade. Ao Prof. Pasqualino Romano Magnavita, por me ensinar sobre a potência da vida e do pensamento. A Profa. Ana Fernandes, por me falar sobre a ética diante do poder e dos atos minúsculos da lida cotidiana. A Profa. Alessia De Biase, por me mostrar o exercício da alteridade e pela acolhida. Obrigada ao Prof. Henri-Pierre-Jeudy. Nesses anos de estudo e escrita da tese des(territorializei)-me, re-(territorializei)-me por diversas e diferentes vezes. Salvador e Paris tornaram-se também minha casa, minha ambiência íntima. Obrigada a Alice Stogia, Ana Malfitano, Bruno Vizier, César Henriques Matos, Clara Pássaro, Dudah, Fabrício Montevao, Felipe Sais, Fernando Igansi, Helder Teixeira, João Queiroz, Juliana Neri, Leandro Campos, Lívia Drummond, Margarida Oliveira, Maria Castilho, Renata Picão, Ricardo Trevisan, Rodrigo Turin, Rodrigo Baeta, Rosa Ribeiro, Silvandira, Washington Drummond. A arquiteta “urbana” Thais Portela. Ao Gustavo Campos por me levar a Salvador pela primeira vez. Ao pequeno Vicente. Aos amigos Adriano Mattos, Alícia Penna, Breno Silva, Fabíola Bello, José Abílio Pereira, Iracema Bhering, Honório Nicholls, Marcelo Maia, Simone Cortesão pelas contribuições. A Edmée Mattos, Eneida Mattos, Graça Saraiva, Sônia Dias e Carlos Augusto de Assis pelo apoio. A Eliane Mattos pelos “cadernos da sorte”. Agradeço aos companheiros da Cooperativa de Orientação/UFBA, equipe de pesquisa Cronologia do Pensamento Urbanístico/UFBA e UFRJ, equipe de pesquisa do LAA/Laboratoire Architecture de Paris la Villette em especial aos integrantes da sessão Débats/ Les Réenchantements de La Courneuve, grupos de pesquisa Qualidade Urbana, Águas urbanas e Ateliê Popular do UNIHENDRIX/BH. A Graça por ter me ensinado a “língua estrangeira”. A Rosely Alves por estar comigo de modo dedicado no desfecho dessa escrita. Ao PPGAU/UFBA – Programa de Pós Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo/Universidade Federal da Bahia. Aos bibliotecários, todos, pela ajuda sempre imprescindível. Ao CNPQ e a CAPES pelo apoio financeiro. Ao Acordo de Cooperação Internacional CAPES/COFECUB. O pintor Paul Gauguin amou a luz na Baía de Guanabara O compositor Cole Porter adorou as luzes na noite dela. A Baía de Guanabara O antropólogo Claude Levy-Strauss detestou a Baía de Guanabara: Pareceu-lhe uma boca banguela. E eu menos a conhecera mais a amara? Sou cego de tanto vê-la, te tanto tê-la estrela. O que é uma coisa bela? [...] Estão às minhas costas um velho com cabelos nas narinas E uma menina ainda adolescente e muito linda Não olho pra trás, mas sei de tudo Cego às avessas, como nos sonhos, vejo o que desejo Mas eu não desejo ver o terno negro do velho Nem os dentes quase não púrpura da menina [...] E ouço as vozes Os dois me dizem Num duplo som [...] "É chegada a hora da reeducação de alguém Do Pai do Filho do Espírito Santo amém O certo é louco tomar eletro choque O certo é saber que o certo é certo O macho adulto branco sempre no comando E o resto ao resto, o sexo é o corte, o sexo Reconhecer o valor necessário do ato hipócrita Riscar os índios, nada esperar dos pretos E eu, menos estrangeiro no lugar que no momento Sigo mais sozinho caminhando contra o vento E entendo o centro do que estão dizendo Aquele cara e aquela: É um desmascaro Singelo grito: "O rei está nu” Mas eu desperto porque tudo cala frente ao fato de que o rei é mais bonito nu E eu vou e amo o azul, o púrpura e o amarelo E entre o meu ir e o do sol, um aro, um elo. Caetano Veloso/ Estrangeiro Resumo: Esta tese propõe problematizar as maneiras de pensar e agir dos arquitetos urbanistas contemporâneos, suas formações disciplinares, suas ações no campo profissional e as situações urbanas de hoje em que os procedimentos usuais de projeto/planejamento arquitetônico e urbano parecem não mais abranger toda a complexidade das cidades. No momento atual de crise da própria noção de cidade – com as idéias de não cidade, cidades globais, genéricas, parques temáticos, urbanização generalizada, gentrificação, e com as situações urbanas extremas das cidades marginalizadas na periferia do mundo globalizado, como é o caso da maioria das cidades brasileiras – tais experiências parecem demandar pelo surgimento, formaAÇÃO, legitimação ou reconhecimento de um “devir” outro arquiteto urbanista e é nessa direção que essa tese se abre. Num primeiro momento aborda-se o pensamento hegemônico definidor das formações e práticas dos arquitetos urbanistas desde os modernistas para em seguida estudar as maneiras de se pensar de arquitetos urbanistas propositores de outras “práticas” de produção material, construtiva, arquitetônica e urbana diferentes das recomendadas pelo pensamento dominante no campo da arquitetura e do urbanismo. Essa pesquisa tem na filosofia pós-estruturalista francesa principalmente extraindo alguns conceitos desenvolvidos por Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari e Michel Foucault seu viés/aporte teórico. Palavras-chave: cidade – subjetividades – singularidades - devir-outro arquiteto urbanista Abstract This study proposes to argue the ways of thinking and acting of contemporary urban planner architects, their disciplinary formations, their actions in the professional field and today's urban situations, in which the usual procedures of project/ architectural and urban planning seem no longer cover the whole complexity of cities. At the present moment of crisis of the very notion of city – with the ideas of no town, global cities, widespread urbanization, generic city, gentrification, city parks and urban extreme situations of marginalized towns on the periphery of the globalized world, as most Brazilian cities – such experiences seem to request for emergence, formation, legitimization or recognition of a ‘becoming’ other urban planner architect. In this direction this survey goes for, at first discusses the hegemonic defining thought of formation and practices of urban planner architects since modernists, then studies the ways of thinking of urban planner architects proponents of other "practices" of material, urban, architectural and constructive production that are different from those recommended by the dominant thought in the field of architecture and urbanism. This search has its theoretical approach in the French post- structuralist philosophy bringing mainly some concepts developed by Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari and Michel Foucault. Keywords: cities, subjectivities, singularities, becoming –other, urban planner architect. Lista de ilustrações: FIGURA 1: Exemplo da diversidade e confronto de ambiências. Fotomontagem: Pal. da Corôa Imperial e o Morro da Corôa ambos no Rio de Janeiro. Fonte: DOBRA.......................................................................................................................16 FIGURA 2: PPGAU/ sala de aula. Anotações acerca da tese. Fonte: JACQUES, 2009.............................................................................................................................35 FIGURA 3: Intervenções urbanas do Projeto Viva Viva na favela da Serra em Belo Horizonte. Fonte: http://portalpbh.pbh.gov.br/pbh .....................................................49 FIGURA 4: Favela da Rocinha no Rio de Janeiro.. Fonte: Escritório Toledo & Meinhof…....................................................................................................................50 FIGURA 5: Comércio e negócios nas favelas. Fonte: http://revistapegn.globo.com/Revista...........................................................................52 FIGURA 6: Exemplo de HLM/ habitation à loyer modéré “Les 4 000 à la courneuve” ou “La cité des 4000”. Fonte: http://derouault.net/+-La-Courneuve.
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