DOCSLIB.ORG

Seasonal Abundance of Migrant Shorebirds in Baja California Peninsula, Mexico, and California, USA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Seasonal Abundance of Migrant Shorebirds in Baja California Peninsula, Mexico, and California, USA Seasonal abundance of migrant shorebirds in Baja California Peninsula, Mexico, and California, USA ROBERTO CARMONA1,3, GORGONIO RUIZ-CAMPOS2 & GEORGINA BRABATA1 •Universidad Autdnoma de Baja CaliforniaSur, Departamentode BiologfaMarina, Apdo. Postal 19-B, La Paz, Baja CaliforniaSur, C.P. 23080, Mexico. [email protected] 2Facultadde Ciencias;3Facultad de CienciasMarinas, Universidad Autdnoma de Baja California,Apdo, Postal 1653, Ensenada, Baja California, C.P. 22800, Mexico. U.S. mailingaddress: PMB 064, PO Box 189003-064, Coronado, California,92178, USA. Carmona,R., Ruiz-Campos,G. & Brabata,G. 2004. Seasonalabundance of migrant shorebirdsin Baja CaliforniaPeninsula, Mexico, and California,USA. WaderStudy Group Bull. 105: 65-70. Nearctic shorebirdsuse three main flyways (Pacific, Centraland Atlantic) and the largestnumbers are found in the Pacific Flyway, which includesthe Baja California Peninsula.There, at variousdifferent sites,the followingpatterns of abundancehave been observed: very low numbersin summer;large numbers in autumn; low and stablenumbers in winter; and moderatenumbers in spring.In contrast,further north in California, numbersduring spring migration are ashigh as or evenhigher than those in autumn.We contrastthe differential utilizationby shorebirdsof Baja Californiaduring spring and autumn. In autumn,southbound migrants arrive at sitesin southernCalifornia and the upperGulf of California,and then either continue along the mainland coastof Mexico or alongthe Baja CaliforniaPeninsula. Some continue migrating further south while others stayfor the winter.During the returnmigration in spring,modest numbers occur throughout the peninsula, with rathergreater numbers in the north-west,probably associated with the northwardmigration through the extensive wetlands of Sonora and Sinaloa on the mainland coast. INTRODUCTION STUDY AREA AND METHODS Of the 49 shorebirdspecies that breed in the Nearctic, 40 We have analysedshorebird abundance data for five sites migrateto temperateand tropicalareas of Mexico, Central alongthe south-westcoast of the United Statesand in north- and South America for the northern winter (Myers et al. westMexico thathave been previously identified as support- 1987). ing importantpopulations. These are HumboldtBay (north At typicalshorebird stopover and wintering sites through- California),the CentralValley of Californiaand three sites outthe PacificFlyway, there are distinct patterns of seasonal in the Baja California peninsula:Punta Banda, Guerrero abundance.In summer,numbers are very low becausemost Negro and Ensenadade La Paz (Fig. 1). are breedingin the north. In autumn,most sitesrecord the Although there are many siteswith extensiveintertidal largest numbersas first adults and later juveniles migrate mudflatsalong the PacificFlyway in California,we selected south.Lower numbersare present in winter,but theyremain just two (Humboldt Bay and Central Valley) to represent relatively stable becauselittle movement takes place. In thosethat are typical - in termsof bothhabitat and shorebird spring,northward migration leads to increasednumbers as abundance- of the onesused by migrantshorebirds in that birdsreturn to their breedingareas (Page et al. 1979). area (Colwell 1994, Shuford et al. 1998). Of the three major shorebirdflyways in North America All five sitesare influencedby a fairly stable,tropical, (Pacific, Atlantic and Central), the mostimportant in terms high-pressurebelt that bringsdry winds (Coda 1997). Cali- of numbersis the Pacific Flyway (Myers et al. 1987) and fornia andnorth-west Baja Californiahave a Mediterranean- midway along the Pacific Flyway lies the 1,100-kin Baja type climate,while the southernpart of the peninsula(around California peninsula(Fig. 1). There, duringthe pastdecade, 30øN) has an arid climate, except for its southerntip (the systematicdata on shorebirdabundance have beencollected Cape region) which is subtropical(Garcia 1981). for several different coastallocalities (e.g. Palacioset al. The largest areasof intertidal mudflats in California are 1991, Gonzfilez 1996, Carmona& Danemann, 1998). These found in Humboldt, San Francisco and San Diego bays studieshave shownthat the peninsulais particularlyimpor- (Peinadoet al. 1995), while on the west coastof Baja Cali- tant duringautumn migration and of lessimportance during fornia there are mudflats in the bays of Todos Santos,San spring migration (Carmona 1997, Fernfindezet al. 1998, Quint/n, Ojo de Liebre-GuerreroNegro, San Ignacio and Carmona& Danemann1998). In this paper, we presenta Magdalena. On the east coastthe largest mudflats are at generalhypothesis to explainthe patternsof seasonalabun- Ensenada de La Paz in Bahia de La Paz (Carmona et al. danceof migrantshorebirds along the Baja Californiapenin- 1994). sula. 65 Buffetin 105 December 2004 66 Wader Study Group Bulletin I 110 ø N 1 35 ø C•© UnitedStates PB --25 ø Mexico Pacific Ocean Fig, 1. Study area and shorebirdcensus sites. (HB = HumboldtBay (north California);CV = Central Valley of California;PB = Punta Banda(north-west Baja California);GN = GuerreroNegro (mid-west Baja California); and LP = Ensenada de La Paz (south Baja California.)) Our analysisrelates to datafrom six studiesduring 1991- becauseno data are availablefor Central Valley and Hum- 1998. Two were carried out at Estero Punta Banda (north- boldtBay), and(2) seasonalabundance of the speciesamong westBaja California)by Palacioset al. (1991) andGonzfilez the threesites having data for all four seasons.In bothcases, (1996) and coveredsampling periods of sevenmonths and whenthe independencehypothesis was rejected in the first one year, respectively. test, we determined which site contributed the most to this The study sites(Fig. 1) were: (1) Humboldt Bay, north rejection,and then removed it from the analysis.This proc- California (38øN, Colwell 1994); (2) CentralValley of Cali- ess was repeateduntil the hypothesiswas accepted(and fornia (35øN, Shufordet al. 1998); (3) Punta Banda, north- thereforea homogeneousgroup was formed). In addition,the west Baja California (31øN, Palacioset al. 1991, Gonzfilez excluded sites from the initial analysis were compared 1996); (4) GuerreroNegro (28øN, Carmona & Danemann mutually,restarting the procedure(ct = 0.05 in all the cases; 1998); and (5) Ensenadade La Paz (24øN, Carmona 1997). Zar 1999). The frequencyof samplingat eachsite was rather variable anddepended on the particularobjectives of eachstudy (see RESULTS Appendix).Therefore, to facilitatecomparisons on bothspa- tial andtemporal scales (i.e. sitesand seasons)we calculated In our monthlyanalysis, Humboldt Bay, California,had the the monthly average abundanceof each speciesand then greatestabundance of shorebirdsin autumn(November) and convertedto percentageson the basisthat the aggregateof spring(April), with lowernumbers in winter(February) (Fig. the monthlyaverages for eachsite was 100%. 2a). In the CentralValley of California, abundanceincreased The datafor HumboldtBay includea numberof separate graduallyfrom autumn(November) to winter (January)to countsfor siteswithin the bay (Colwell 1994), so for each spring (April) (Fig. 2b). At Punta Banda, Baja California, monththese were aggregated.For two sites,Humboldt Bay therewas greater evenness in seasonalabundances, with only and the CentralValley of California, therewere no datafor smallincreases in autumn(October & November)and spring severalmonths. Therefore, for these,the datawere analysed (March) and a notabledecrease in summer(May & June;Fig. on a seasonalrather than monthlybasis as follows: winter 2c). At Guerrero Negro, highest abundanceoccurred in (December-February), spring (March-April), summer autumn(August & September)with much lower but more (May-June) and autumn (July-November). Even on this stablenumbers in winter (December-February)and a small basis,there were no datafor HumboldtBay or CentralVal- increasein spring(April; Fig. 2d). At Ensenadade La Paz, ley for summer(see Appendix). the highestabundance occurred in autumn(September & An independenceZ2 test (ct = 0.05;Zar, 1999)was used October) and winter (January),with no increasein spring to comparethe abundancesof shorebirdsat PuntaBanda as (March & April; Fig. 2e). reportedby Palacioset al. (1991) andGonz•lez (1996). Like- In our analysisby season(Fig. 3), Humboldt Bay, Cali- wise, two types of comparisonsof shorebird abundance fornia, had the largestnumbers during springand autumn amongsites were made using Z 2 tests:(1) seasonalabun- migration,with only a smalldecrease in winter (Fig. 3a). In danceof the speciesamong the five sites(except for summer contrast,numbers in the CentralValley of California were Buffetin 105 December 2004 Carmonaet al.: Seasonalabundance of migrantshorebirds in Baja CaliforniaPeninsula, Mexico, and California,USA 67 Fig.2. Meanmonthly relative abundance (%) forthe five study sites. Fig.3. Meanseasonal relative abundance (%) for the five study sites. a. Humboldt Bay a. Humboldt Bay 30 4 15 10 0 Aug. Sept, Oct, Nov. Dec, Jan. Feb, Mar. Apr. May June July SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER 40 b, CentralValley b. Central Valley 35 3O • 25 lO 5 ND ND ND ND o Aug. SepL Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar, Apr. May June July SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER 14 1 40 c. Punta Bande Punta Banda 35 30 • 25 !5 10 5 0 Aug. Sept. Oct, Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN W INTER 60 • d. Guerrero Negro d. Guen•emNegro 2oI to o Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan, Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER 25 e. La Par e. La Paz 20 5 0 Aug. Sept.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Organized Crime and Terrorist Activity in Mexico, 1999-2002
    ORGANIZED CRIME AND TERRORIST ACTIVITY IN MEXICO, 1999-2002 A Report Prepared by the Federal Research Division, Library of Congress under an Interagency Agreement with the United States Government February 2003 Researcher: Ramón J. Miró Project Manager: Glenn E. Curtis Federal Research Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540−4840 Tel: 202−707−3900 Fax: 202−707−3920 E-Mail: [email protected] Homepage: http://loc.gov/rr/frd/ Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Criminal and Terrorist Activity in Mexico PREFACE This study is based on open source research into the scope of organized crime and terrorist activity in the Republic of Mexico during the period 1999 to 2002, and the extent of cooperation and possible overlap between criminal and terrorist activity in that country. The analyst examined those organized crime syndicates that direct their criminal activities at the United States, namely Mexican narcotics trafficking and human smuggling networks, as well as a range of smaller organizations that specialize in trans-border crime. The presence in Mexico of transnational criminal organizations, such as Russian and Asian organized crime, was also examined. In order to assess the extent of terrorist activity in Mexico, several of the country’s domestic guerrilla groups, as well as foreign terrorist organizations believed to have a presence in Mexico, are described. The report extensively cites from Spanish-language print media sources that contain coverage of criminal and terrorist organizations and their activities in Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • Range Expansion of the Whitenose Shark, Nasolamia Velox, and Migratory Movements to the Oceanic Revillagigedo Archipelago
    Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, page 1 of 5. # Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2017 doi:10.1017/S0025315417000108 Range expansion of the whitenose shark, Nasolamia velox, and migratory movements to the oceanic Revillagigedo Archipelago (west Mexico) frida lara-lizardi1,2, mauricio hoyos-padilla2,3, james t. ketchum2,4 and felipe galva’ n-magan~a1 1Instituto Polite´cnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n. C.P. 23096. La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico, 2Pelagios-Kakunja´ A. C. 1540 Sinaloa, C.P. 23070, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico, 3Fins Attached, 19675 Still Glen Way, Colorado Springs, CO 80908, USA, 4Centro de Investigaciones Biolo´gicas del Noroeste, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico Current literature considers that Nasolamia velox has a limited distribution along the coastline of the Eastern Pacific with sporadic sightings in the Galapagos Archipelago. This study provides evidence of the occurrence of this species at the Revillagigedo Archipelago (18899′186′′N 112808′44′′W), Mexico, using acoustic telemetry and videos taken from 2014 to 2016. We report here movements from a coastal location (National Park Cabo Pulmo) to a group of oceanic islands (Revillagigedo Archipelago) by one single individual, supporting the idea of the potential connectivity of sharks between the Gulf of California and the Revillagigedo Archipelago. This report extends the known distribution of N. velox to 400 km off the mainland coast of the Americas, thereby increasing the knowledge of the distribution of a species commonly reported in fishery landings of the Eastern Pacific.
    [Show full text]
  • First Majestic Silver Corp. San Dimas Silver/Gold Mine Durango and Sinaloa States, Mexico NI 43-101 Technical Report on Mineral
    First Majestic Silver Corp. San Dimas Silver/Gold Mine Durango and Sinaloa States, Mexico NI 43-101 Technical Report on Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve Estimates Qualified Persons: Ramón Mendoza Reyes, P.Eng. Joaquín Merino, P.Geo. María Elena Vázquez, P.Geo. Persio P. Rosario, P.Eng. Report Prepared For: First Majestic Silver Corp. Report Effective Date December 31, 2020 CERTIFICATE OF QUALIFIED PERSON Ramón Mendoza Reyes, P.Eng. Vice President of Technical Services First Majestic Silver Corp. 925 West Georgia Street, Suite 1800 Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6C 3L2 I, Ramón Mendoza Reyes, P.Eng., am employed as Vice President of Technical Services with First Majestic Silver Corp. (First Majestic). This certificate applies to the technical report entitled “San Dimas Silver/Gold Mine, Durango and Sinaloa States, Mexico, NI 43-101 Technical Report on Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve Estimates” that has an effective date of December 31, 2020. I graduated from the National Autonomous University of Mexico with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Mining Engineering in 1989, and also obtained a Master of Science Degree in Mining and Earth Systems Engineering from the Colorado School of Mines in Golden, Colorado, in 2003. I am a member of the Engineers and Geoscientists British Columbia (P.Eng. #158547). I have practiced my profession continuously since 1990, and have been involved in precious and base metal mine projects and operations in Mexico, Canada, the United States of America, Chile, Peru, and Argentina. As a result of my experience and qualifications, I am a Qualified Person as defined in National Instrument 43–101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (NI 43–101).
    [Show full text]
  • Mexico: State Law on Legitimation and Distinctions Between Children Born in and out of Wedlock
    Report for the Executive Office for Immigration Review LL Files Nos. 2017-014922 through 2017-014953 Mexico: State Law on Legitimation and Distinctions Between Children Born In and Out of Wedlock (Update) August 2017 The Law Library of Congress, Global Legal Research Center (202) 707-6462 (phone) • (866) 550-0442 (fax) • [email protected] • http://www.law.gov Contents Introduction .....................................................................................................................................1 Aguascalientes .................................................................................................................................2 Baja California .................................................................................................................................4 Baja California Sur ..........................................................................................................................6 Campeche .........................................................................................................................................8 Chiapas ...........................................................................................................................................10 Chihuahua ......................................................................................................................................12 Coahuila .........................................................................................................................................14 Colima ............................................................................................................................................15
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Sinaloa Cartel Like a Corporation to Reduce Violence in Mexico
    SINALOA INCORPORATED: UNDERSTANDING THE SINALOA CARTEL LIKE A CORPORATION TO REDUCE VIOLENCE IN MEXICO The University of Texas at Austin – B.A. Adriana Ortiz (TC 660H or TC 359T) Plan II Honors Program The University of Texas at Austin August 14, 2017 __________________________________________ (Supervisor Name) (Supervisor Department) Supervising Professor __________________________________________ (Second Reader Name) (Second Reader Department) Second Reader Acknowledgements First and foremost, I want to thank Dr. Stephanie Holmsten and Dr. Rachel Wellhausen for their support, patience, and guidance over the course of this project. Secondly, I want to thank my family and friends for offering me the strength to continue writing even when I hit roadblocks or was extremely stressed out. Lastly, I want to thank the Plan II Office thesis advisors and academic advisors for their continued support and belief that I could finish the project. ~ 2 ~ Abstract Author: Adriana M Ortiz Title: Sinaloa Incorporated: Understanding the Sinaloa Cartel like a Corporation to Reduce Violence in Mexico Supervising Professor: Dr. Stephanie Holmsten Second Reader: Dr. Rachel Wellhausen The Sinaloa Cartel is one of the various drug cartels currently existing in Mexico, but unlike other drug cartels, the Sinaloa Cartel has lasted the longest, was titled the most powerful drug cartel in the world by the U.S. Treasury Department and developed the most sophisticated business system. The characteristics of the system are strategies that legal corporations such as the United Fruit Company, the Brown and Williamson Company, and the Browning Arms Company use; and that includes offshoring, social media, and collaboration with the government of its home state, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • A Reconstruction of Landfalling Tropical Cyclones on the Pacific Coast of Mexico from 1850 to 1949
    A reconstruction of landfalling tropical cyclones on the Pacific coast of Mexico from 1850 to 1949 G.B. Raga1*, Beatriz Bracamontes-Cevallos1, Luis M. Farfán2 and Rosario Romero-Centeno1 1Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico 2CICESE Unidad La Paz, BCS, Mexico 1. INTRODUCTION1 Recently the same general area was affected by the landfall of Hurricane Jova (2011). The last two decades since the studies reported in Bradley and Jones (1992) were published, have Serra (1971) presented a first reconstruction of seen a large increase in the number of eastern Pacific tropical cyclone trajectories publications that make use of different variables as between 1921 and 1969, calculating a probability well as historical documents as proxies to retrieve higher than 90% that a tropical cyclone would information about the past climate. Garcia et al. make landfall in one of 5 of the 10 Mexican states (2001) and García-Herrera et al. (2003) considered. The study does not indicate clearly reconstructed atmospheric circulation changes in how the trajectories were estimated, presumably the Tropical Pacific from the voyages of the based upon ship reports for the ones that are far Spanish galleons from 1590 to 1750. They were from land. For the period considered in his study, able to infer that the sailing time between modern Serra (1971) estimated that the probabilities of Mexico and the Philippines was a function of the landfall in Baja California Sur and Sinaloa were strength of the trade winds and the location of the 0.49 and 0.38, respectively. Englehart et al (2008) western Pacific monsoon trough.
    [Show full text]
  • Mexico's Ten Most Iconic Endangered Species
    Alejandro Olivera Center for Biological Diversity, April 2018 Executive summary exico is one of the world’s most biologically rich nations, with diverse landscapes that are home to a treasure trove of wildlife, including plant and animal species found nowhere else. Sadly, in Mexico and Maround the world, species are becoming extinct because of human activities at rates never seen before. In this report we highlight the threats facing Mexico’s 10 most iconic endangered species to help illustrate the broader risks confronting the country’s imperiled plants and animals. These 10 species — which in most cases are protected only on paper — were chosen to reflect Mexico’s diversity of wildlife and ecosystems and the wide range of threats to the country’s biodiversity. New awareness of these unique animals and plants is critical to inspiring a nationwide demand to protect these critical components of Mexico’s natural heritage. Although the Mexican government began officially listing and protecting species as extinct, threatened, endangered, and “under special protection” in 1994 — more than 20 years ago — few species have actually recovered, and many critical threats continue unabated. In many cases, officials are failing to enforce crucial laws and regulations that would protect these species. Additionally, the Mexican government has not updated its official list of imperiled species, referred to as NOM059, since 2010, despite new and growing risks from climate change, habitat destruction, the wildlife trade and in some cases direct killing. This failure obscures the true plight of the nation’s endangered wildlife. The following 10 iconic endangered species are not adequately protected by the Mexican government: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • New Distributional and Temporal Bird Records from Chihuahua, Mexico
    Israel Moreno-Contreras et al. 272 Bull. B.O.C. 2016 136(4) New distributional and temporal bird records from Chihuahua, Mexico by Israel Moreno-Contreras, Fernando Mondaca, Jaime Robles-Morales, Manuel Jurado, Javier Cruz, Alonso Alvidrez & Jaime Robles-Carrillo Received 25 May 2016 Summary.—We present noteworthy records from Chihuahua, northern Mexico, including several first state occurrences (e.g. White Ibis Eudocimus albus, Red- shouldered Hawk Buteo lineatus) or species with very few previous state records (e.g. Tricoloured Heron Egretta tricolor, Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula). We also report the first Chihuahuan records of Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis harlani and ‘White-winged’ Dark-eyed Junco Junco hyemalis aikeni (the latter only the second Mexican record). Other records improve our knowledge of the distribution of winter visitors to the Chihuahuan Desert ecoregion that formerly were considered transients, including several parulids. Our field work has also improved knowledge of the distribution of certain Near Threatened (e.g. Snowy Plover Charadrius nivosus) and Vulnerable species (e.g. Pinyon Jay Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus). We also confirmed various breeding localities for Yellow-crowned Night Heron Nyctanassa violacea in Chihuahua. The avian diversity of Mexico encompasses 95 families, 493 genera and 1,150 species following IOC taxonomy (cf. Navarro-Sigüenza et al. 2014) or c.11% of total avian richness worldwide. Mexico is ranked as the 11th most important country in terms of bird species richness and fourth in the proportion of endemic species (Navarro-Sigüenza et al. 2014). However, Chihuahua—the largest Mexican state—is poorly surveyed ornithologically, mostly at sites in and around the Sierra Madre Occidental (e.g., Stager 1954, Miller et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Mexico Peace Index 2021 Mexico Peace Index 2021
    MEXICO PEACE INDEX INDEX PEACE MEXICO MEXICO PEACE 2021 INDEX 2021 IDENTIFYING AND MEASURING THE FACTORS THAT DRIVE PEACE Institute for Economics & Peace Quantifying Peace and its Benefits The Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP) is an independent, non-partisan, non-profit think tank dedicated to shifting the world’s focus to peace as a positive, achievable, and tangible measure of human well-being and progress. IEP achieves its goals by developing new conceptual frameworks to define peacefulness; providing metrics for measuring peace; and uncovering the relationships between business, peace and prosperity as well as promoting a better understanding of the cultural, economic and political factors that create peace. IEP is headquartered in Sydney, with offices in New York, The Hague, Mexico City, Brussels and Harare. It works with a wide range of partners internationally and collaborates with intergovernmental organizations on measuring and communicating the economic value of peace. For more information visit www.economicsandpeace.org Please cite this report as: Institute for Economics & Peace. Mexico Peace Index 2021: Identifying and Measuring the Factors That Drive Peace, Sydney, May 2021. Available from: http://visionofhumanity.org/resources (accessed Date Month Year). CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 Key Findings 4 RESULTS & TRENDS 8 Methodology at a Glance 11 1 National Results 12 2020 State Results 16 Six-Year Trends 29 THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF PEACE IN MEXICO 45 The Economic Impact of Violence in 2020 46 2 Trends in the Economic Impact
    [Show full text]
  • Bidirectional Communication Pilot Project in the Agricultural Sector of San Luis Potosí, Mexico
    Bidirectional Communication Pilot Project in the Agricultural Sector of San Luis Potosí, Mexico January 2020 WWW.POLARISPROJECT.ORG 1 This research report was made possible through grant funding support from the Walmart Foundation. Views expressed in this report are those of the authors and not the donors. 2 Bidirectional Communication Pilot Project in the Agricultural Sector of San Luis Potosí, Mexico Table of Contents About Polaris...........................................................................................4 Why Study Agriculture Workers in Mexico........................................4 I. Introduction to the Subject..............................................................14 II. International Context: How to Distinguish between Human Trafficking, Forced Work, and Exploitation in the Context of Mexican Agriculture.................................................................................16 III. Risk Factors for Labor Trafficking in the Agricultural Sector of San Luis Potosí...............................................21 Recruitment...........................................................................................21 Schemes to Control and Retain Labor............................................24 Labor Exploitation Conditions.....................................................30 IV. Conclusions..................................................................................33 V. Recommendations............................................................................35 Appendix I.........................................................................................................37
    [Show full text]
  • Traffic Light Status: Mexico States
    Traffic Light Status: Mexico States STATE TRAFFIC LIGHT COLOR LINK NIGHT MOBILITY LIMITATION Aguascalientes ORANGE https://www.aguascalientes.gob.mx/coronavirus/ Baja California RED http://www.bajacalifornia.gob.mx/coronavirus Baja California Sur ORANGE http://saludbcs.gob.mx/ Campeche ORANGE http://www.campeche.salud.gob.mx/ Chiapas RED https://www.saludchiapas.gob.mx/ Chihuahua ORANGE – Chihuahua Region http://saluddigital.ssch.gob.mx/covid/ ORANGE – Juarez Region Mexico City ORANGE https://semaforo.covid19.cdmx.gob.mx/tablero/ Coahuila RED http://www.saludcoahuila.gob.mx/COVID19/ Colima RED http://www.saludcolima.gob.mx/ Durango ORANGE http://covid.durango.gob.mx/ State of Mexico RED http://salud.edomex.gob.mx/salud/covid Guanajuato RED https://reactivemosgto.guanajuato.gob.mx/ Guerrero ORANGE http://guerrero.gob.mx/transparencia/panorama-estatal-covid-19/ Hidalgo ORANGE http://coronavirus.hidalgo.gob.mx/ Jalisco ORANGE https://coronavirus.jalisco.gob.mx/semaforo-jalsico/ Michoacán ORANGE https://michoacancoronavirus.com/ Morelos ORANGE http://salud.morelos.gob.mx/pdf/situacion-actual-2020 Nayarit RED https://covid19.nayarit.gob.mx Nuevo León RED https://www.nl.gob.mx/publicaciones/casos-de-covid-19-en-nuevo- Monday to Friday from leon 10:00 p.m. – 5:00 a.m. Oaxaca ORANGE https://www.oaxaca.gob.mx/salud/ Puebla RED http://plataformageo.puebla.gob.mx/covid-19/ Querétaro ORANGE https://www.queretaro.gob.mx/covid19/ Quintana Roo https://reactivemosq.roo.gob.mx/semafro-de-riesgo- ORANGE – North Region epidemiologico-covid-19/ ORANGE – South Region San Luis Potosí ORANGE https://slpcoronavirus.mx/ Sinaloa RED http://saludsinaloa.gob.mx/ Sonora RED https://www.sonora.gob.mx/acciones/covid-19.html Tabasco RED https://tabasco.gob.mx/salud Tamaulipas RED https://coronavirus.tamaulipas.gob.mx/situacion-geografica-del- Monday to Sunday from coronavirus/ 10:00 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Report Name:Drought Conditions in Mexico and Its Effect on Agriculture
    Voluntary Report – Voluntary - Public Distribution Date: June 03, 2021 Report Number: MX2021-0031 Report Name: Drought Conditions in Mexico and Its Effect on Agriculture Country: Mexico Post: Monterrey ATO Report Category: Agricultural Situation, Agriculture in the News, Climate Change/Global Warming/Food Security Prepared By: Luis Chavez Approved By: Holly Higgins Report Highlights: Increased water demand for both human consumption and agricultural production, along with lagging water management practices and lack of contingency plans has resulted in a rapid depletion of water reserves in Mexico, particularly in Northern Mexico. The forecast of high temperatures in the summer have triggered warnings of possible water shortages affecting urban and rural communities. This report includes a general analysis of how these shortages might affect agricultural production in Mexico. THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Introduction FAS Mexico has followed recent information reported by national media on the ongoing drought conditions affecting the Mexican territory since mid-2020 to the first half of 2021. These reports, based primarily on reports prepared by the Mexican Water Commission (CONAGUA) and climate forecasts of the Mexican Weather Service (SMN), refer to rains in 2020 that were three percent below the yearly average. This can be considered normal, given historic rain fluctuations, but during 2020 in particular a noticeable increase of urban/residential water demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic and a similar surge in the demand by agricultural production resulted in a rapid depletion of Mexico’s water reserve throughout the country’s dams, many of which (68 percent) are currently below half of their capacity.
    [Show full text]